Developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/bottega-property-group">Bottega House</a> has secured council approval for its first Brisbane project - a $270 million luxury residential development on an absolute riverfront site in leafy St Lucia.&nbsp;

The 15-storey project, known as <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/st-lucia-by-bottega-house-180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">St Lucia by Bottega House</a> , will occupy a prime north-facing site at 178-180 Macquarie Street, directly fronting the Brisbane River in the established inner-west suburb known for its rowing clubs, golf courses and sprawling University of Queensland campus.&nbsp;

St Lucia by Bottega House will feature a suite of amenities including dedicated wellness spaces, a mineral pool and cold plunge. The project has been positioned to attract affluent owner-occupiers seeking high-quality, house-sized apartments.&nbsp;

Bottega House has been set up by co-directors Nick Malloch, Louis Mennes and Craig Marsh.

Malloch said the project drew inspiration from its Brisbane River setting and leafy inner-west surrounds, while responding to the demands of discerning locals looking to transition from freestanding homes into apartment living.&nbsp;

"With an expansive river frontage and lush green surrounds, we knew we had to create something special that reflects the natural beauty of the location while offering residents masterfully crafted homes," said Malloch.&nbsp;

"Our intent was to complement the project's quiet, private setting by introducing residences that offer a calm retreat and sanctuary from the everyday. The result is a harmonious blend of architecture, interiors and amenity that emphasises wellbeing, comfort and beauty without excess."&nbsp;

Malloch added that project consultants had been carefully selected in alignment with Bottega House's commitment to care, quality and attention to detail. The design team includes architects <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a>, interiors practice <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and landscaping by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/urbis">Urbis</a>.&nbsp;

Three-bedroom apartments are expected to start around $5 millio. Selling agents Keenan &amp; Byrne said the pricing strategy for the project was anticipated to achieve upwards of $25,500 per square metre.&nbsp;

The project's development approval this week follows the success of Bottega House's inaugural Queensland project - a 22-storey collection of full-floor sky homes at Broadbeach on the Gold Coast which included the sale of a two-storey penthouse at a record price for a beachside residence.&nbsp;

St Lucia by Bottega House is expected to launch to market in November, with construction anticipated to be completed mid 2029.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=151826]

Joel Robinson

Bottega House to make Brisbane debut with St Lucia riverfront apartment development

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sherpa-property-group">Sherpa Property Group</a> is advancing its affordable apartment model into Brisbane with the acquisition of another site at Cordelia Street in South Brisbane for $27 million.

Sherpa, which has a $1.7 billion pipeline across Southeast Queensland, intends to bring a cohort of apartments exclusively for first homebuyers into its proposed 186-apartment project to be built at 2 Cordelia Street.

The Sherpa model has already been incredibly well received from their Gold Coast projects, where Sherpa Group set aside a number of apartments exclusively for first homebuyers.

The new $320 million project marks Sherpa Group's second development in Brisbane, following its $255 million Symphony project, also on Cordelia Street, which is currently under construction.

Symphony will deliver 146 apartments across 28 levels, offering a mix of one, two and three-bedroom apartments. With 114 already sold, construction by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/lps-group">LPS Group</a> is scheduled for completion in 2028.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7574 project_image_fid=351654]

Sherpa Founder, Christie Leet, said the company was excited to be venturing into Brisbane for its second residential project.

“We’re big believers in the future of Brisbane as we lead into the 2032 Olympics and beyond,” Leet said.

“The success of Symphony has guided us into what will be our second project and we look forward to submitting our plans with council soon so we can deliver yet another quality project to the inner city residential market.

“Our Flourish model has been very well received both in Brisbane and the Gold Coast, and we’re excited to be able to offer some of these apartments again exclusively to first homebuyers to help get them into the property market.

“The model has been extraordinarily well received in our previous projects and it is something we are committed to moving forward.”

2 Cordelia Street will be designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/hal-architects">HAL Architects</a> &amp; Finegrain and will include Sherpa’s signature residential amenities including pool, gym, recreation, wellness and work from home spaces.

The project will feature ground-floor commercial space, creating a vibrant amenity for residents and the surrounding community.

A development application will be lodged with Brisbane City Council in August on the code compliant site and will be launched to the market early 2027.

Sherpa acquires new site for second Brisbane apartment tower

One of North Sydney's best-known commercial buildings could become hundreds of new homes, with insurance giant Zurich Australia lodging a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) to transform 5 Blue Street into a mixed-use residential development above North Sydney Station.

Rather than demolishing the existing building and starting again, Zurich is proposing an adaptive reuse project that would convert the landmark office building into a 15-level residential development delivering 62 apartments, 86 affordable co-living dwellings, activated retail and significant upgrades to the Blue Street Plaza.

The proposal reflects a growing trend of commercial property owners repositioning ageing office assets into residential housing as Sydney grapples with housing supply shortages and changing workplace demand.

<img alt="Zurich" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0bba7d12-06dc-4375-aad7-238c94b21ac5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%2010.42.05%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=NJl5oLAEBDGuPmY3RnyliKODjMc8lvRh" />

Located directly above North Sydney Metro and train station, the 3,051 sqm site occupies one of the most strategically positioned parcels of land on Sydney's Lower North Shore.

Designed by fjcstudio, the proposal seeks to retain and adapt much of the existing structure while creating a contemporary residential address that better connects with the public domain surrounding North Sydney Station.

The application proposes two basement levels, ground floor retail, affordable co-living accommodation across the podium levels, and apartments above, while preserving and enhancing the publicly accessible Blue Street Plaza.

Rather than pursuing maximum apartment numbers, Zurich has opted for a housing mix heavily weighted towards larger owner-occupier residences.

The proposal includes 62 build-to-sell apartments comprising 12 one-bedroom, 19 two-bedroom, 29 three-bedroom apartments and two premium penthouses. It also incorporates 86 affordable co-living dwellings, which would be managed in perpetuity by a Community Housing Provider.

That balance between traditional apartments and affordable housing reflects the NSW Government's push to increase housing diversity around major transport infrastructure.

The proposal has been lodged concurrently with a rezoning application, with Zurich arguing the site is ideally positioned to support additional housing given its immediate proximity to public transport, employment and services.

"The proposal aims to respond to the housing challenges facing Sydney through the delivery of diverse housing types in a highly accessible location," the design report by fjcstudio states. It also seeks to improve pedestrian amenity through upgrades to Blue Street Plaza while creating a high-performing residential building that responds to the surrounding context.

<img alt="Zurich" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="36082e15-c636-4481-bb68-5a5f6443fe39" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%2010.41.36%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=5P6VD.fvmqjQfIG3TWWMRXxQWiQBjeFB" />

Rather than replacing the commercial building, fjcstudio has developed a design that works with the existing structural framework above the rail corridor, an approach that significantly reduces demolition while allowing the site to be repositioned as a mixed-use residential precinct.

The existing structural constraints have informed much of the building's design, including its relationship with Blue Street and surrounding public spaces.

The building has been designed as a slender tower rising above a clearly defined podium, with vertically expressed façades intended to reduce the perceived bulk while reinforcing North Sydney's emerging skyline.

According to fjcstudio, the architectural language responds directly to the surrounding commercial towers while maintaining a finer grain expression more closely aligned with the neighbouring Lavender Bay streetscape.

The tower incorporates articulated façade elements, landscaped podium edges and recessed upper levels to soften its appearance and improve pedestrian amenity below.

A significant component of the proposal is the revitalisation of Blue Street Plaza.

The existing public space has long served as one of the primary pedestrian connections between North Sydney Station, Greenwood Plaza and Blue Street, yet its role is expected to become even more important following the opening of Sydney Metro.

Zurich's proposal seeks to strengthen that role by improving landscaping, introducing new retail frontages, enhancing pedestrian permeability and creating more active edges throughout the day and evening.

Ground floor retail would wrap the plaza, while separate residential and co-living entries have been designed to improve wayfinding without reducing street activation.

Landscape design has been integrated throughout the podium and public realm, softening what is currently one of the most heavily urbanised parts of North Sydney.

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fjcstudio has carefully oriented apartments towards Sydney Harbour and the CBD while using privacy blades and articulated façades to minimise overlooking between neighbouring buildings.

Large framed openings along the western elevation maximise harbour outlooks, while the eastern apartments have been angled towards the south-east to improve privacy from neighbouring development.

The project forms part of the continuing transformation of North Sydney from a predominantly commercial CBD into a genuine mixed-use city centre.

Since the completion of Victoria Cross Metro Station, developers have increasingly shifted their attention towards residential projects capable of leveraging the area's unparalleled transport connectivity.

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FiveX recently lodged plans for a 61-storey, 490-apartment tower that would become one of the tallest residential buildings in North Sydney if approved.

Aqualand continues to expand its Lower North Shore presence following the completion of AURA on Walker Street and its recent St Leonards and Roseville proposals.

Developers are also progressing projects throughout Walker Street, Miller Street and the Victoria Cross precinct as demand for well-located owner-occupier apartments continues to strengthen.

First look: Zurich targets North Sydney office conversion with 148-unit proposal above Metro station

Busy developer Aqualand Prestige has formally taken the next step in its expansion across Sydney's Lower North Shore, lodging a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) for its long-held Archer Street site in Chatswood.

The application covers <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/51-55-archer-street-chatswood-nsw-2067">51-55 Archer Street</a>, a 1,767 sqm amalgamated site on the eastern edge of the Chatswood CBD, where the developer is seeking approval for a 45-level mixed-use tower delivering 114 apartments, including a significant affordable housing component, alongside retail, commercial space and six basement levels of parking.

The SSDA marks the latest milestone for a project Aqualand has been quietly progressing over the past two years. The developer first secured the site for its Aqualand Prestige platform before undertaking an alternative design excellence process with PTW Architects, ultimately avoiding a formal design competition through the Housing Delivery Authority pathway.

The proposal has evolved considerably from Aqualand's original concept. The revised scheme has been designed around larger owner-occupier product, with an unusually high proportion of three and four-bedroom apartments, targeting the more affluent buyer profile, and downsizer, emerging across the North Shore.

<img alt="Archer St" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0171204c-5811-41b5-9b09-2335d1b7c3d0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%208.52.48%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=6YTuxfq.puZo7k2wbfgemcO5K3QfXYGQ" />

The 114-apartment mix comprises six studios, 27 one-bedroom apartments, 18 two-bedroom apartments, 50 three-bedroom residences and 13 four-bedroom homes. A quarter of the building will be dedicated to affordable housing, well above the mandated 15 per cent&nbsp;

PTW has structured the building vertically, with affordable housing across levels one to six, premium apartments through levels seven to 31, duplex skyhomes on klevels 32 to 43, a penthouse on level 44, and a rooftop plant level above. Six basement levels will provide resident parking and servicing.

The tower is proposed to reach approximately 154 metres, placing it among a growing collection of residential high-rises transforming Chatswood's skyline.

Rather than competing purely on height, PTW says the design has been driven by creating a slimmer tower capable of delivering significantly larger apartments.

"The primary objective of this project was to create a distinctive building that stands out from the recently approved or built structures in the Chatswood area," the design report states, noting the structural efficiency allows greater investment into apartment quality and resident amenity.

Residents would have access to more than 450 sqm of communal open space including landscaped gardens, swimming pool, rooftop entertaining areas, fitness spaces, community gardens, children's play areas and barbecue facilities.

A major focus of the design has been the public domain.

The ground plane has been opened up through landscaped terraces inspired by Willoughby's sandstone ridges, with native planting, public seating, artwork, retail activation and a series of gathering spaces intended to soften what has traditionally been a hard commercial streetscape.

The landscape strategy references Blue Gum forests once common throughout the area, while incorporating Indigenous storytelling, public art and lighting installations to strengthen the connection to Country.

Chatswood has been one of Sydney's busiest apartment markets over the past 12 months, with a steady pipeline of both new project launches and fresh development applications.

Hyecorp recently launched Celine, a 122-apartment development just along Archer Street, while Changfa and Huirong Group are progressing The Anderson, an 84-apartment project on Anderson Street.

Develotek recently secured approval for a 101-apartment tower on Pacific Highway, while Tian An LFD received the green light for Hammond Greens, its apartment development on the edge of the Chatswood Bowling Club.

Commercial property developer FiveX is also making its move into the residential market. Last month it lodged plans for a 61-storey tower with 490 apartments, which, if approved, would become one of the tallest residential buildings in Chatswood.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-fivex-targets-chatswood-skyline-with-61-storey-tower-after-north-sydney-plans">First look: FiveX targets Chatswood skyline with 61-storey tower after North Sydney plans</a>

Aqualand is also expanding its development pipeline following the launch of its luxury residential brand, Aqualand Prestige. The developer has delivered a string of high-end apartment projects across Sydney's affluent suburbs over the past decade, most recently AURA by Aqualand on Walker Street in North Sydney.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=292863]

It has since quietly assembled its next wave of projects.

Earlier this year Aqualand launched Boronia in Roseville, a boutique 111-apartment development on Larkin Street. The project is one of the first significant apartment developments to launch in the suburb ahead of what is expected to become one of Sydney's most active new housing precincts under the NSW Government's Low and Mid-Rise Housing reforms, which allow greater density around train stations.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152095 project_image_fid=373685]

The developer has also lodged plans for a two-tower, 413-apartment development on Herbert Street in nearby St Leonards, further strengthening its presence across the Lower North Shore.

Beyond that, Aqualand remains behind the final stage of Barangaroo, where plans will deliver a five-hectare mixed-use precinct comprising new homes, retail, hospitality and community facilities, alongside a new Metro entrance and more than two hectares of public open space, completing the Barangaroo precinct.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/central-barangaroo-development-takes-big-step-with-concept-proposal-approval">Central Barangaroo development takes big step with concept proposal approval</a>

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-aqualand-joins-st-leonards-apartment-party">First look: Aqualand joins St Leonards apartment party</a> 
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First look: Aqualand pushes ahead with Chatswood apartment tower as SSDA lodged for Archer Street

Mass timber is becoming an increasingly popular construction material in apartment developments, but Adelaide developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/otello">Otello</a> is taking the approach a step further.

At its new <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flowe-bowden-18-gibson-street-bowden-sa-5007">Flowe Bowden</a> development, the exposed cross-laminated timber (CLT) structure isn't just about reducing the building's environmental footprint. It also forms the foundation of a broader wellness strategy, influencing everything from indoor air quality and natural materials to the way residents move through and experience the building.

The 115-apartment mixed-use development, designed by Melbourne-based architecture practice Fieldwork, will occupy a prominent island site opposite Bowden Village Reserve, combining one, two and three-bedroom apartments with retail and a dedicated wellness destination.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375528]

Wellness isn't confined to a gym or shared resident facility at Flowe. Instead, Fieldwork embedded the concept into the building itself.

The development has been split into two residential wings connected by a naturally ventilated central breezeway, replacing traditional enclosed corridors with open-air walkways that improve natural light, encourage cross ventilation and create more opportunities for neighbourly interaction.

"Rather than treating wellness as something that only happens on the ground floor, our response integrates it throughout the building, which led us to ask what it really means to design a healthy building," Fieldwork Director Quino Holland said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375531]

The building's architecture also reflects Bowden's industrial heritage. The lower podium references the area's historic brick and sandstone buildings, while the upper levels transition to exposed CLT, allowing the timber structure to become a defining feature throughout the apartments and shared spaces.

The use of mass timber sits alongside a range of sustainability initiatives, including a fully electric, gas-free design, rooftop solar and a targeted 5 Star Green Star rating.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375524]

Inside the residences, the focus remains on natural, durable materials. Blackbutt engineered timber flooring, exposed CLT ceilings, porcelain surfaces and warm timber joinery create a calming interior palette, while low-VOC finishes and responsibly sourced materials have been selected to improve indoor air quality.

Kitchens have been designed as the centrepiece of each apartment, featuring porcelain island benchtops, timber-look cabinetry and brushed steel tapware, with layouts that maximise natural light and ventilation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375530]

The more traditional interpretation of wellness comes in the form of Level Eleven, a two-storey wellness club spanning the ground floor, mezzanine and first floor.

The facility will include a gym, yoga and reformer Pilates studios, Finnish and infrared saunas, magnesium hot and cold plunge pools, and dedicated recovery spaces. Unlike many residential wellness facilities, Level Eleven will also operate commercially, allowing the broader Bowden community to access the venue while giving residents exclusive membership benefits.

The ground floor has also been designed around everyday living. A café overlooking Bowden Village Reserve will activate the street frontage, while a bike workshop with tool storage, co-working space and dog wash has been incorporated to support daily routines and encourage interaction between residents.

"Flowe brings together my two biggest passions, creating places and creating healthier lives," Otello founder Daniel Harris said.

"We wanted to create something Adelaide hasn't seen before, a genuinely healthy building, where the way you live is lifted without even trying."

Flowe is positioned directly opposite Bowden Village Reserve and within walking distance of Bowden Railway Station and the Adelaide Entertainment Centre, placing future residents just minutes from the Adelaide CBD while remaining connected to one of the city's most established urban renewal precincts.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=152022]

Otello launches wellness-focused Flowe Bowden with Adelaide-first mass timber apartment design

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

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First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

Not all apartment amenities are immediately visible.

Swimming pools, gyms, rooftop terraces and residents' lounges have long featured on buyers' wishlists, but as the way Australians live has changed, so too have the features that make apartment living more convenient.

Increasingly, buyers are placing value on the practical aspects of day-to-day life. Fast internet, EV charging, secure bike storage, flexible workspaces and parcel management are becoming just as relevant as lifestyle amenities, reflecting changing habits and expectations.

Online shopping has been one of the biggest drivers of that shift.

Australians spent a record $82.6 billion shopping online in 2025, with almost one in every four retail dollars now spent digitally, making parcel deliveries a routine part of everyday life rather than an occasional convenience.

For apartment residents, however, receiving those deliveries isn't always straightforward.

Without someone home to accept a parcel, deliveries can be redirected to a nearby Post Office, left in building foyers or common areas, or require building management to temporarily store packages. As apartment living continues to grow across Australia's cities, parcel management has become an increasingly important consideration for both residents and developers.

Australia Post's Parcel Locker network is one response to that shift.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KPZ9j5FRdsQ?si=Qztc1dNP3ZvEIUhb" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

Rather than relying on home delivery, eligible parcels can be directed to a nominated Parcel Locker, where they're securely stored until collected. Once a parcel arrives, residents receive a notification through the AusPost app or SMS and can retrieve it using a one-time code or QR code at a time that suits them.

The network has expanded to more than 1,500 locations nationwide, with Parcel Lockers positioned at Post Offices, shopping centres, supermarkets, transport hubs and, increasingly, within or alongside residential developments.

That growing presence reflects a broader change in how apartment buildings are being planned.

Developers are increasingly considering the operational side of apartment living alongside traditional lifestyle amenities. Just as secure mailrooms, bicycle storage and EV charging have become more common inclusions, parcel management is emerging as another feature that supports everyday convenience.

It also helps preserve the arrival experience within a building. Carefully designed lobbies and communal spaces can quickly become cluttered when deliveries accumulate, while secure parcel solutions reduce the likelihood of missed deliveries or parcels being left unattended.

For buyers comparing apartments, these everyday details are becoming part of the decision-making process.

Location, floorplans and finishes remain fundamental, but the features that simplify daily life are carrying greater weight than they once did. As online shopping continues to shape consumer behaviour, secure parcel delivery is increasingly becoming another amenity worth looking for.

Parcel delivery is joining the apartment amenity checklist

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SPONSORED POST
Charming low-rise façades and neighbourhood-style communities are luring buyers searching for the Australian dream.
Buyers at TOGA’s low-rise Macquarie Green project can fulfil high expectations with the Australian property developer’s neighbourhood-style development set to deliver residences with generous shared amenities and spacious green zones apt for both life’s busy agenda and leisure.
A private road with access from either Whiteside Street or David Avenue provides entry to Macquarie Green - a 164-residence community set securely in Sydney’s bourgeoning Macquarie Park.
<img src="/images/2016/04/28/700_toga2.jpg" alt="">
Macquarie Green features boutique-style one, two and three-bedroom apartments housed within two buildings between three and five storeys high as well as a selection of premium townhouses set within two duplex-style buildings.
The Marchese Partners-designed development boasts a low-key atmosphere complemented by serene alfresco spaces including impressive landscaped gardens. 
TOGA General Manager of Sales &amp; Marketing Alex Adams said Macquarie Green provided an exceptional opportunity for buyers to secure low-maintenance apartment living with a liberating sense of space.
Ground-floor apartments at Macquarie Green transition to private open-air courtyards where residents can look out to level-lawns fringed by native and exotic foliage and manicured hedges.  
“Macquarie Green will offer buyers casual privacy and a unique sense of neighbourhood centred by attractive gardens and functional amenities,” Mr Adams said.
“Macquarie Green’s picturesque setting is only a short amble from all the convenience of Macquarie Park’s urban nucleus which is anchored by a business park, world-class shopping centre, university and hospital,” he said.
Shared amenities on offer include the development’s contained landscaped gardens, barbecue facilities protected by a pergola and a vegetable patch for residents to enjoy.
“Macquarie Green is about pressing the pause button and creating meaningful memories with friends, family and loved ones,” Mr Adams said.
“We wanted to redefine the suburban neighbourhood to offer both sanctuary and security,” he added.
<img src="/images/2016/04/28/700_toga3.jpg" alt="">
Above ground-level residents will enjoy louvered balconies designed to maximise both natural light and privacy creating a seamless connection between indoor and outdoor living.
Macquarie Green is a joint venture between Australian property developer TOGA and leading independent investment and advisory house Gresham.
Macquarie Park is located 16 kilometres from the Sydney CBD and a short walk from Macquarie University, Macquarie Shopping Centre and the train station. 
Two architecturally-designed finishes schemes ‘Sanctuary’ and ‘Oasis’ highlight timber floors in living spaces and add depth to balance contemporary-coloured joinery.
Construction at Macquarie Green commenced in late-2015 with a complete date of mid-2017.
Macquarie Green is located at 5 Whiteside Avenue, North Ryde.
Prices start from $650,000.
A styled display suite is available to view from Thursday through to Sunday (10am to 2pm) at 78 Waterloo Road, Macquarie Park (entry via Byfield Street).
For all sales enquiries visit <a href="https://www.macquariegreen.com.au" target="_blank">www.macquariegreen.com.au</a> or call 1800 787 731.
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po-LsXgBTHBmX

The rise of low rise

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
When politicians talk about tax and fairness, it’s easy for them to point out undeserved loopholes benefiting the wealthy, or multinational companies. But the elephant in the room is the difference between those who own and those who rent (or have recently bought and have huge mortgages) the house they live in.
The tax advantages of housing offend against justice on every count: they place financial stresses on the poor, they are unequal, and the increase in price is not deserved.
Owner-occupied houses are exempt from income and capital gains tax, and from social welfare means tests. Negative gearing gives investment properties a tax advantage, which is exacerbated by discounts on rates of capital gains tax. Rent assistance given to those on social security (currently a maximum of A$130 per week) is not sufficient to compensate for the difference.
The high price of housing is created by tax inequalities and by supply and demand imbalances created by government failure. At the same time, the government has encouraged banks to borrow hundreds of billions offshore to fund greater mortgage debt – pushing prices higher. Foreign depositors are faced with a low 10% withholding tax (reduced from 15%), and have not been subject to adequate money laundering controls.
And there is not much social benefit in higher house prices to counteract the costs to non-homeowners. Higher prices have not led to a significant increase in supply over time; people do not spend the increase, nor use it much to fund their retirement.
<h2>Defining ‘justice’</h2>
The word justice is used so widely, it needs some definition. While “fairness” is applied more widely, justice can be used to incorporate four sometimes conflicting objectives. Justice seeks, as much as possible to:
<ul>
<li>Contribute to economic equality</li>
<li>Give each person their just deserts</li>
<li>Meet people’s essential needs</li>
<li>Allow for personal liberty by not interfering in people’s lives.</li>
</ul>
Such a model of justice can be used to evaluate tax systems.
For those concerned that justice comes at a cost to efficiency and economic growth – there is considerable evidence to show that the relationship, where it exists, is positive. Giving people their just deserts provides the material incentives so beloved of economists. Evidence from a broad group of countries shows little overall relationship between income inequality and rates of growth and investment. Fairer taxes lead to greater compliance with tax laws. Research has found a significant increase in Australian tax morale between 1981 and 1995, which was explained by reforms that people saw as making the system more just.
<h2>Clouded by politics</h2>
Amid the ongoing debate about tax reform during the last year, many had hoped for some meaningful changes in the coming federal budget.
Instead, the current debate on the tax system, and more recently negative gearing, is concerned with perceptions of political acceptability.
This was also typified by the dismissal of any change to the taxation of housing in the Re:think tax discussion paper:
“Given the central importance of the home for Australian families, there is a strong consensus that it would not be appropriate to tax either the imputed rent on owner-occupied housing or capital gains derived from it.”
“Strong consensus”, whatever that means, is not a good reason if it involves injustice. The argument works the other way: given the central importance of the home, and its place in income and assets, it is essential for housing to be included in our tax and welfare systems. Let’s be the land of the fair go, even if we have to give up some personal advantages.
<h2>Reform options</h2>
Addressing the issue is complicated politically in that around 70% of voters own their houses, and a significant minority have borrowed heavily to get into the market in recent times. If prices drop, they will suffer through no fault of their own, as would the banking industry. With more than two million shareholders, banks are also strong politically.
The Henry tax review did, however, recommend a transition from stamp duties to a land tax, a significant increase in rental assistance and the removal (albeit with a high threshold) of the exemption of owner occupied homes from the means test for pensions.
The greater efficiency, and justice, of land taxes means that they have fairly widespread support from informed commentators. Taxes on property currently raise A$29 billion annually for the states and another A$14 billion for local governments in Australia. If land accounts for 50% of the value of residential housing, the additional revenue would be of the order of A$75 billion. Another A$40 billion might be possible if commercial land was also be included.
Removing capital gains discounts and taxing imputed rents should also be considered. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10511482.1994.9521152?journalCode=rhpd20#.VyAWCmR96X0">Research released in 1994</a> found the latter would be both efficient and more equitable in Australia. The advantage of this is that such a system allows for the tax deductibility of mortgage repayments, so would provide compensation for the minority that had recently bought into the housing market. A higher withholding tax on international deposits would also reduce the availability of funds to push up assets, and encourage local businesses by removing some of the artificial support for the currency.
Housing accounts for more than 60% of the value of total assets held by Australians. Translated into imputed rent it amounts to about A$150 billion annually, or 20% of the gross personal income of those who own their homes. If taxed at marginal rates of tax, imputed rents would add about a third to current personal tax of A$190 billion annually.
Anthony Asher is associate professor, UNSW Australia, and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/anthony-asher-247115" target="_blank">here</a>.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

The way Australia taxes housing is manifestly unfair

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Today we're laying a loose framework for the best investments during deflation. Why? Because deflationary signals have reared their ugly head as of late. Not to mention, many prominent investment managers have voiced their concern about the dreaded scenario. 
While inflation versus deflation has been the great debate over the past two years, the deflationistas have been boasting quite loudly as of late. We've detailed how David Gerstenhaber's global macro hedge fund Argonaut Capital thinks deflation is the greater risk. Additionally, Broyhill's Affinity hedge fund has been betting on deflation as of late. PIMCO's bond king Bill Gross has been buying treasuries in order to combat these fears. And for more, The Reformed Broker has a quick summary of the New York Times' deflation round-up as well. While investing during the dreaded 'D' word is not impossible, the options to preserve and grow capital are certainly limited. So, what is the best investment for deflation? Very broadly and in no particular order, here's some potential answers: Cash/US Dollar: The phrase "cash is king" is often cliche. It's not cliche during deflation, it's rule number one. Assuredly, cash is one of the few 'safe' investments you can make in this scenario. Over the normal course of investing, most investors focus on their return on capital. 
This time around, the focus is simply on return *of* capital. While many wouldn't consider this an investment, having physical cash notes saved and on hand can be crucial during extreme situations including: bank failures, a collapse in credit, or the government defaulting on its debt. Not to mention, the US dollar has been a strong performer during deflationary times. Holding the physical currency is easy enough, but those wishing to further their wager can play the PowerShares US Dollar Bullish Index (UUP). Pay Off Debt: Again while 'paying down debt' doesn't sound like an investment, it most definitely is during deflation. In a period where literally every single dollar matters, each dollar of debt can become crippling. Buy Long-Term Bonds: Alternative to cash, fixed income is also seen as an option for those who seek protection. While fixed income yields decline due to Federal Reserve easing in an effort to combat deflation, the underlying bond should appreciate (or at the very least, depreciate much less than equities). US Treasuries are highly coveted here as they are the safest and most in-demand. If one were to go the corporate bond route, seeking high quality bonds is preferred. The thesis behind this play is laid out by Broyhill's Affinity hedge fund in their presentations: ten reasons to buy bonds as well as their bet on long-term treasuries. The most logical wager here would be the iShares Barclays 20+ year Treasury (TLT). Short Equities: Traditional investments will start to suffer as underlying companies will see lower margins and losses. Not to mention, highly leveraged companies make ideal short selling targets and certain companies can face the risk of becoming insolvent. If your conviction is strong enough, you could simply short the S&amp;P 500 index (SPY). There is, however, one potential safe haven in equities (keyword being 'potential'), which brings us to the next investment: Buy High Quality Dividend Paying Stocks: Understand that during deflation, equities in general are one of the major investments to avoid. However, high quality stocks could be a potentially dim light in an otherwise dark scenario. While the majority of companies will lose pricing power and succumb to weak margins, large cap high quality companies that dominate their industries may be able to maintain pricing power. Not to mention, many of these stocks pay dividends which generate valuable cash during deflation. Seek companies with pristine balance sheets. GMO's Jeremy Grantham recently voiced concern about deflation and one of his few investment recommendations was to buy high quality stocks. For ideas, hedge fund T2 Partners recently issued a presentation on 3 large cap stocks. Sectors to look toward include healthcare, technology, and telecom as those have outperformed in Japan during their deflationary lost decade. Microsoft (MSFT) is one name that has been repeatedly mentioned by strategists and managers. Keep in mind though that despite being high quality blue-chip companies, these are still equities. As such, there is obviously inherent risk in owning them during deflation. Short Housing/Avoid Real Estate: In deflation, prices fall. As such, rent rather than own. Stand back and let the landlords watch the values of their properties plummet. You can short the iShares Dow Jones US Real Estate (IYR) for some exposure. Short Leverage: Deleveraging should be a big theme playing out in the future, environment notwithstanding. As mentioned earlier, short the equity of companies that have poor balance sheets and are highly levered. In deflation, leverage begins to unwind and currency plays can be found. A massive leveraged carry trade in the Yen has taken place over the years and as such would be unwound in deflation, thus benefiting the Yen. Long Technology: Regardless of environment, technology will advance and will be in demand. The technology sector was highlighted as one of the few areas to possible allocate capital in high quality equities. Companies that have strangleholds on their industry should have an advantage. A basket of technology stocks could be purchased via the technology exchange traded fund (XLK). However, that gives you exposure to a lot of companies and it's probably more preferable to single out high quality technology names with pristine balance sheets such as Microsoft (MSFT), Intel (INTC), and Cisco Systems (CSCO). Gold: Conventional wisdom says to avoid precious metals during deflation. During the Great Depression from 1929-1932, commodities in general crashed. However, in very extreme circumstances (emphasis on extreme), some have argued that gold can make sense when acting as currency. The majority of proponents for owning gold during deflation would cite its store of value or hedge against uncertainty. While gold can be played via the SPDR Gold Fund (GLD), many hedge funds advocate physical gold. That said, those doing so are mainly seeking inflationary protection. Buy TIPS: Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, or TIPS, serve as long-term protection from inflation. Buying TIPS during deflation? What's the point? This is an option if investors believe that deflation will eventually lead to inflation two or three years later. As policy makers attempt to combat deflation, the natural antidote is inflationary medicine. As such, investors looking further down the road can fend off these inflationary pressures with TIPS. And even if deflation persists for an extended period of time, TIPS still produce income via yield and investors can regain their bond's face value at maturity. This can be played via iShares Barclays TIPS Bond Fund (TIP) for those looking for an easy solution. That sums up some of the best ways to position a portfolio when confronted with deflation. Recent concern is duly warranted considering that deflation typically rears its ugly head after periods of prolonged globalization and global growth. Such growth leads to increased investment, a massive increase in production, and thus excess capacity all around the world. This excess capacity then brings forth lower prices. In deflation, companies suffer while the consumer is the real winner. The above present theoretical options of how to invest during such a scenario. Make no mistake though, investing during deflation can be quite difficult and painful. Back in August 2008 when the crisis was heating up, we penned a very broad outline of investment scenarios for inflation versus deflation. During the pinnacle of the crisis, it wasn't quite clear which situation would play out so it made sense to lay a framework for each context. (And arguably, it's still not entirely clear. Many have hypothesized that we'll see a compromise of views: deflation in the near-term and inflation in the long-term). A few months ago, inflation was all the rage. Now, deflation is the primary concern. Investors have been flip-flopping more frequently than politicians as of late. Regardless of outcome, it makes sense to be prepared for either environment. 
This article is reprinted from market folly, Monday 9 August 2010.
For more information, <a href="https://www.marketfolly.com" target="_blank">click here</a>. 
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Property 101: Best investments during deflation

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There’s a chasm-sized gap between perception and reality in Australian real estate.
A recent survey of consumers by MLC found there’s a widespread belief that homes are beyond the grasp of first-time buyers and that future generations won’t be able to afford to buy. That’s the common perception and it comes as no surprise, given that mainstream media keeps banging on about an affordability crisis, amid claims that the dream is dead.
The reality is quite different. As I wrote last week, the latest Affordability Index from the HIA has found that affordability nationally is the best it’s been in over five years and that some parts of Australia have the best level of affordability since 2003. Clearly, Sydney is an exception, although there was improvement in the March Quarter.
Reinforcing that point is the actual activity of first-time buyers. The latest NAB Quarterly Australian Residential Property Survey indicates that 33.5% of sales of new dwellings in the March Quarter were to first-time buyers.
That suggests first-time buyers are the dominant buying force in new properties, having a greater market share than owner-occupiers (other than first-home buyers), Australian investors and foreign investors.
In addition, the NAB survey finds that 26 percent of established dwellings were sold to first-time buyers – also a strong market share, though less than owner-occupiers (other than first-home buyers), who make up 43 percent of the market for established homes.
There’s a stark contrast there is the results of two surveys. The MLC survey found most people think young buyers are being priced out of the market and that 58% believe the next generation will be forced to rent all their lives. But the NAB survey found first-time buyers are out there in force and, in the new-home sector, are dominating the market.
Why so different? It’s because the NAB report was based on a survey of property professionals who are at the coalface daily and know what’s going on. The MLC survey was based on consumers, whose perceptions about what’s going on are influenced by media sound bytes.
Media reportage of real estate is overwhelmingly negative and that’s reflected in the MLC survey results – which are interesting but ultimately worthless because they contradict reality.
Generally, the NAB survey found that industry sentiment improved in the March Quarter, after having fallen for the previous three quarters.
Sentiment was strongest in Victoria. This makes sense, because while the Sydney boom is over, Melbourne still has momentum.
Expectations for price growth are strongest in Victoria. Melbourne and Brisbane are expected to be the best price performers in 2016, while Perth (also not surprising) has the weakest expectations for prices among the capital cities.
The findings for the apartment markets also make sense. Unit prices are expected to fall in Perth (because of a weak economy) and Melbourne (because of oversupply).
The survey found foreign buyers were less of a force in the market – and have switched their focus from NSW and Victoria to Queensland, where foreigners account for 20 percent of sales of new properties.
This reflects the ramping up of marketing of high-rise units in Brisbane and on the Gold Coast, two markets that smart investors will avoid.
 
Terry Ryder is the founder of <a href="https://www.hotspotting.com.au/" target="_blank">hotspotting.com.au</a>. You can <a href="https://mailto:ryder@hotspotting.com.au" target="_blank">email him</a> or follow him on <a href="https://twitter.com/hotspotting" target="_blank">Twitter.</a> 
 
 
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terryryder-YECXbqmri2

Sydney boom over, Melbourne has momentum and avoid Brisbane: Terry Ryder

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<div>Whoa, there! It seems that inflation has disappeared into a puff of dust!</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Nothing like an outlying result to shake things up a bit, and today's Consumer Price Index (CPI) or inflation result for the March quarter was an absolute ripper!</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Headline inflation printed negative at -0.2 percent. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>This was miles below expectations and the second weakest reading in nearly two decades, taking the annual result all the way down to 1.3 percent (which is well below the target inflation range to 2 to 3 percent).</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The falls were broad based, with six out of the eleven CPI groups recording declines.</div>
<a href="/images/2016/04/28/A6.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/28/A6.jpg" alt="">
 
<div>More importantly, the "core" analytical series, which strips out outlying readings, notched an extraordinarily soft set of numbers to take the respective annual readings to a record low. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>I've diced the data up below to four decimal places, but all you really need to know is that the incredibly weak trimmed mean (0.2 per cent) and weighted median (0.1 per cent) inflation for the quarter have taken the annual readings down to exceptionally low levels at 1.7 per cent and only 1.4 per cent respectively.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/04/28/A5.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div><img src="/images/2016/04/28/A5.jpg" alt=""></div>
<div> </div>
<div>Non-tradables inflation, which is taken to be a reasonable proxy for domestic price pressures, fell to its lowest annual reading since some seventeen years ago in June 1999. </div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/04/28/A1.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div><img src="/images/2016/04/28/A1.jpg" alt=""></div>
 
<div>In the normal course of things this sort of result would make an interest rate cut a no-brainer.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>While markets are suddenly pricing a cut as soon as next week on Budget day as an each-way bet, it would nevertheless still be quite a surprise to see such a change of narrative from the Reserve Bank so soon. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>That said many analysts will now see June and August as potentially live meetings for rate cuts, which could take the cash rate down to a record low of just 1.50 per cent.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Generally it is said that easy monetary policy brings inflation in time, but if a lack of investment is the underlying problem then it is questionable whether more rate cuts alone will bring this to the party.</div>
 Anyway, what a result, and a game-changer, indeed!
<div>
 Rental growth slowest since 1994
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>There isn't space here to run through all of the positive (education, medical services, pharmaceuticals) and negative (fuel, transport, holidays) contributors to inflation this quarter in detail, but we can see that rental growth has slowed to its lowest level since 1994. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>As you can see depicted in the chart below, the periods when investors were spooked out of the market (1985 to 1987, and 2008) were also precisely the periods when rents spiked.</div>
<div>
 Correspondingly the record surge in investor activity since 2012 in response to low interest rates - which Blind Freddy could have predicted - has led to near-record low levels of rental growth.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Rampant investor lending has now been successfully stymied so equilibrium should return in due course, as the construction boom also passes its peak. It's always interesting and strangely satisfying when markets work just as they should. </div>
<a href="/images/2016/04/28/A2.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/28/A2.jpg" alt="">
 
<div>Rents have continued to rise modestly in most cities through this cycle, but Darwin (-4.4 per cent) and Perth (-4.4 per cent) are in significantly negative territory year-on-year. On the other hand rents kept rising in Sydney by another +2.3 per cent over the year to March.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/04/28/A4.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div><img src="/images/2016/04/28/A4.jpg" alt=""></div>
<div> </div>
<div>Looking instead at annual rental growth we can see how Perth has gone from star pupil straight into detention, and now must work through its elevated vacancy rates before annual rental growth reverts to the mean.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/04/28/A3.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div> </div>
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<div>Rental growth was also negative in Canberra over the year to March (-0.6 per cent) but looks to be heading back into positive territory in the national's capital, while annual rental growth in Hobart increased to 1.4 per cent in the first quarter.</div>
The wrap 
<div>Well, well. A stunningly low inflation result which wrong-footed markets and puts interest rate cuts right back into the frame. Game on.</div>
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PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blogger</a>. 
His latest book is <a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>.
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Inflation show stopper: Pete Wargent

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GUEST OBSERVER
The Real Estate Institute of Victoria has backed new initiatives announced by the State Government today, including significant road and rail investment across the state. 
The $10.4 billion investment in public transport and road projects will drive growth across the city and regional Victoria. 
Given the significant growth in Melbourne’s outer suburbs in the past two quarters, improved road and rail infrastructure will drive continued price growth in areas further from the city and within commuting distance of the CBD.
The REIV also welcomed a further $75.4 million for services and facilities in Melbourne’s outer suburbs and growing regional communities.
With estimated population growth of about 100,000 people each year, amenities investment in suburbs more than 20km from the city is necessary to ensure these suburbs remain attractive for home buyers. 
Significant new Budget measures include $2.9 billion for Melbourne’s Metro Tunnel, $1.46 billion for the Western Distributor, $924 million for new and upgraded schools and $982 million in improvements to the state’s health system.
The REIV also backed the State Government’s commitment to streamlining the planning process.
This includes creating an online portal for applications, improved zone controls and faster approvals in commercial and industrial zones.  
The State Government also announced changes to land tax and stamp duty for overseas buyers of Victorian property.   
Victoria is the most liveable city in the world and it’s important that these buyers contribute to ongoing infrastructure development and amenities.
Duty increases for overseas purchasers will help enhance the city’s housing stock at a time when our population is growing faster than any other capital city.
The REIV would like more Victorians to have access to home ownership and we call on the Government to consider greater assistance, especially for first home buyers.
‎Enzo Raimondo is chief executive officer of <a href="https://www.reiv.com.au/" target="_blank">The Real Estate Institute of Victoria</a>.
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Infrastructure initiatives to drive new growth areas: Enzo Raimondo

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Billionaire developer Harry Triguboff says Sydney apartment price growth was flattening.
And the Meriton boss expects some rival developments will stall as the heat came out of the market.
But Meriton, which last week started work on a 200-unit and a 400- unit project in Sydney’s Mascot and 500 units at nearby Rosebery, was still going strong.
“We are going flat out,” Mr Triguboff told The Australian.
However, he warned against the tightening of lending to apartment investors and offshore buyers, with news yesterday of Westpac following rivals ANZ and CBA in restricting lending for foreign buyers.
Westpac will decline all mortgage applications from non-residents, temporary visa holders living overseas and those with foreign self-employed income.
Mr Triguboff warned the banks could create a self-fulfilling prophesy of falling apartment prices by lending less at settlement than indicated when contracts were signed for off-the-plan sales.
In its recent biannual review of financial stability, the RBA noted the dominance of Chinese buyers in Sydney and Melbourne and the risks posed if China’s economy stalled or Beijing clamped down on outbound capital flows.
Melbourne apartments would have a tougher time, Mr Triguboff tipped as prices — and therefore development margins — were lower than in Sydney.
Demand for apartments in Sydney remained strong although price growth was flat, The Australian reported Triguboff saying.
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Harry Triguboff says Sydney apartment price growth was now flat

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GUEST OBSERVER
Australian CPI numbers surprised significantly to the downside. The RBA’s preferred measures of underlying inflation both fell well short of market expectation and are tracking well below the RBA’s last set of forecasts. 
These core measures of inflation have also declined to be convincingly below the bottom edge of the RBA’s 2-3 percent target band. The average of these underlying measures was 1.55% y-o-y.
This puts the RBA in a tricky spot. Most of the demand indicators have held up recently, with the unemployment rate falling and business conditions improving.
Normally a lift in the activity generates a solid rate of inflation. However, although growth has been solid, it has not been strong enough to keep inflation on target.
Low inflation partly reflects that the end of the mining investment boom has brought an extended period of below-trend growth, which has weighed on wages and price pressures in the economy. Global inflation has also been very low. More recently, low global inflation and rates have seen the AUD climb, which is set to weigh further on the outlook for inflation and could also weigh on growth.
All of this adds up to suggesting that the RBA will need to cut its cash rate further. It now also seems likely that a 25bp cut may not be enough.
The RBA also faces a tricky timing issue. The government is due to hand down the federal budget on 3 May, which is the same day as the RBA meets next week and a federal election looks likely on 2 July. The RBA typically looks to stay out of the political process, so cutting rates around these events is less than ideal.
Weighing all of this up, there is no denying that inflation is too low, which means that the cash rate almost certainly needs to be cut. The usual rule of thumb is the sooner the better. We retain our view that the RBA is likely to cut by 25bp in Q2. We now expect that a cut in May is likely, despite the budget. We now also expect a follow-up 25bp cut in Q3 and for the cash rate to remain at 1.50% over the forecast horizon.
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.22.30%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.22.30%20AM.png" alt="">
Q1 CPI was very weak
Today’s CPI numbers showed that inflation was weak across the board. The headline CPI print showed a fall of -0.2% q-o-q, which was the first decline in seven years (Chart 1). The y-o-y rate of headline CPI inflation has now been below the RBA’s 2-3% target band for six quarters, which is the longest period of below-target headline inflation since 1999. The fall in the headline CPI rate reflected weakness in imported prices, but also, and more worryingly, a fall in domestic inflationary pressures (Chart 2).
Of course, the RBA focuses on its preferred underlying measures of inflation – the trimmed mean and weighted median – which strip out the volatile items. Here the news is even less promising. The average of the two preferred underlying measures fell to its lowest rate in the history of Australia’s inflation-targeting regime (since mid-1993) (Chart 3). The average of the two underlying measures was running at 0.15% q-o-q in Q1. In y-o-y terms, underlying inflation is well below the RBA’s 2-3% target band and also at its lowest level on record (Chart 4).
The challenge is that this has occurred at the same time that domestic demand indicators have been lifting. Surveyed business conditions also remained at high levels in Q1 and the unemployment rate has continued to edge lower. As we have pointed out recently though, the improvement in the labour market has not yet been enough to lift wages growth (see Downunder Digest: Looking for signs of rising wages, 15 April 2016). At the same time, the rising AUD is likely to weigh on growth and inflation (see Downunder Digest: Services exports and the AUD, 30 March 2016).
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.23.49%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.23.49%20AM.png" alt="">
 
The timing is tricky, given the budget and election
 
With the Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull, having pulled the budget forward by a week to 3 May in order to facilitate calling an early election on 2 July, the budget is now due to be handed down on the same day as the RBA board meeting. This is less than ideal for the RBA, if it is looking to cut rates on that day. Typically, the RBA would like to stay apolitical and the Governor, Glenn Stevens, has also spoken on a number of occasions about monetary policy reaching its limits and other arms of policy (fiscal policy) needing to be more supportive of growth. Ideally, we would be hoping this allows the government to announce its policies without a cash rate cut also being part of the message. The RBA may also be reluctant to cut in the lead-up to an election (likely on 2 July) as it typically seeks to remain apolitical.
 
However, if the RBA deems that rates will need to be lowered at some point, the typical rule of thumb is: the sooner the better. Governor Stevens also has a track record of setting policy independent of the political cycle, having lifted the cash rate only a few weeks before the 2007 election. With this in mind, if the RBA does consider that the CPI print warrants it cutting further, as we think is likely, getting it done in May seems a little easier than waiting until June, given that it can more easily point to the lower-than-expected CPI as the trigger.
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.25.23%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.25.23%20AM.png" alt="">
 
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.26.08%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-28%20at%208.26.08%20AM.png" alt="" width="792" height="336">
 
<a href="https://www.about.hsbc.com.au/hsbc-in-australia/management-team" target="_blank">PAUL BLOXHAM</a> IS CHIEF ECONOMIST (AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND) FOR HSBC. 
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Tricky, but expect RBA rate cut next week: HSBC's Paul Bloxham

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GUEST OBSERVER
The headline CPI surprised in Q1, falling 0.2 percent compared to Westpac’s forecast for +0.4 percent.
The market median was +0.2 percent. The annual rate is now just 1.3 percentyr compared to 1.7 percent/yr in Q4. 
The core measures, which are seasonally adjusted and exclude extreme moves, rose 0.2 percent compared to the market’s expectation of 0.5 percent rise, Westpac was slightly higher at 0.6 percent. In the quarter, the trimmed mean gained 0.21 percent while the weighted median lifted 0.14 percent. The annual pace of the average of the core inflation measures is now 1.5 percent from 2.0 percent in Q4 (Q4 was unrevised).
The six month annualised pace of core inflation came in well below the band at a very modest 1.4 percentyr pace, this is the third quarter in a row it has been below the band and the lowest six month annualised pace since the 1.3 percenty print in March 1999 (a seventeen year low). 
Traded goods prices fell 1.4 percentqtr following a stronger 0.5 percent in Q4. It is true that the significant fall in auto fuels and, if to a lesser extent, falling fruit prices had a big role to play. But even excluding fuel, food and tobacco traded goods fell 1.3 percentqtr. This is much weaker than we had anticipated. 
Non-traded prices rose just 0.4 percentqtr which matched the softer print in Q4. This was due to the softer than expected annual price resetting for health and education. However, more critical to the outlook was the very soft 0.3 percent rise for housing owing to the continue moderation in rents inflation (0.1 percentqtr vs 0.2 percent in Q4) and a very modest update in dwelling prices (just 0.2 percentqtr when we had been looking for a modest bounce from the 0.1 percent print in Q1.
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%204.25.29%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%204.25.29%20PM.png" alt="">The key observation in the March quarter is the across the board weakness in Australia retail prices highlighted by the first disinflationary CPI headline print in seven years and the lowest six month annualised pace of core inflation in seventeen years.
All together this highlights downside risks for our medium term inflation forecasts. 
But low inflation, on its own, is not a trigger for a rate cut.
Sure, it unlocks the interest rate door for the RBA should it decide it needs to walk through that door as the Bank would not have to wait for another CPI update before doing so. However, it does not mean that the RBA will cut rates! A rate cut is dependent on local economic conditions demanding a rate cut.
With unemployment on a new downtrend this is not so at the moment and we suggest that the RBA is waiting to see a new weaker trend in domestic activity and employment before it would embark on such a strategy. 
Justin Smirk is ‎senior economist, Westpac Group and can be contacted <a href="https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Headline CPI surprised in Q1: Westpac's Justin Smirk

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GUEST OBSERVER
Today’s extraordinarily low annual headline and underlying inflation rates reflect not only lower petrol prices but widespread price discounting by retailers. Six of the eleven CPI categories had price falls in the quarter.
The QI CPI fell by 0.2 percent, sharply lower than the market expectation which centred on a rise of 0.2 percent (CBA (f) 0.3%). The AUD fell about US1 cent and interest rate futures are now pricing in a 55 percent chance of an RBA rate cut next Tuesday. While the headline inflation rate in annual terms is low, at 1.3 percent, it is the underlying inflation rate which is the big issue. It is running at 1.5 percent, the lowest rate on record. 
The 10% fall in petrol prices was largely expected. But the big expenditure categories also surprised with low results. Food prices (fruit, dairy, cakes and cereals) fell by 0.2% in the March quarter to be unchanged over the past year. It most probably reflects the competitive pressures between the big supermarkets and the new entrants. Housing costs, the largest expenditure category, rose by only 0.3 percent to be just 1.7 percent higher over the year. Even the highly regulated sectors, health and education, had relatively low QI rises (for them) of 1.9 percent and 3.1 percent. 
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%202.58.12%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%202.58.12%20PM.png" alt="">
The lower AUD over the past year has not, so far, produced the usual higher imported consumer goods and services prices. Tradables inflation fell by 1.4 percent in QI, reflecting the falls in petrol, furnishings, clothing, audio-visual equipment and international holiday travel. 
We are reviewing our RBA rate call in light of the lower than expected inflation trends. Clearly the chances of a rate cut next week have moved a lot higher. But today’s numbers may still not “demand” a rate cut. 
The RBA has tolerated below target inflation on a number of occasions. It is after all how the inflation targeting regime is supposed to work. The last time we saw inflation rates around the current figures was in 1997-98. Back then there were 6 out of 7 quarters where underlying inflation was below target. For most of that period the RBA left the cash rate at 5 percent.
There was a one-off 25bpt cut at the very end of 1998 (after 6 quarters of below target inflation). That cut was justified more on a deteriorating global outlook rather than low inflation. When thinking about what today’s CPI outcome will mean for RBA forecasts it is worth remembering that the Q4 GDP numbers were noticeably stronger than the RBA was expecting (2.5 percent expected versus 3 percent actual). Higher GDP and a lower unemployment rate, now 5.7 percent, mean the “if needed” components for a rate cut are not quite as pressing. With the release of today’s Australian CPI our replica of the RBA’s model suggests the Australian real TWI is less overvalued than previously estimated. In fact, the Australian real TWI is just inside the fair value band (+/- one standard deviation).
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%203.02.05%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%203.02.05%20PM.png" alt=""> 
The detail 
As anticipated, the volatile items had a major impact on the much lower than expected headline CPI outcome of a 0.2 percent fall. The QI CPI (excluding volatile items) rose by 0.2 percent (to be up 1.7 percent on a year ago). In other words, the volatile items sliced 0.4 percent from the headline QI CPI. 
Leading the volatiles deflationary impact were petrol prices which dived by 10 percent over QI, to be 6.4 percent lower over the year. The QI petrol prices drop sliced 0.31ppts from the QI CPI outcome. The other key volatile item, namely fruit and vegetable prices sliced 0.11pts from the headline QI CPI. The key driver was an 11.1percent drop in fruit prices (down 6.9 percent pa) which made a 0.13ppt negative contribution to headline inflation. This impact was partially offset by a 1.5 percent rise in vegetable prices in QI (but which were down 4.3 percent in annual terms). 
These volatile items account for most of the gap between underlying and headline inflation forecasts. 
Price falls 
Six of the eleven components of the headline CPI registered price falls in QI. As mentioned above and as expected, the sharp decline in automotive fuel prices was the most prominent factor deflating the quarterly headline CPI result. 
Other CPI items weighing down on the headline outcome were clothing and footwear prices which dropped by 2.6 percent in QI and made a negative 0.1ppt contribution. The main contributor to the decline in this component was accessories prices which declined by 4.3 percent in QI. 
The other CPI categories posting falls in QI were the recreation and culture group, (-1.0 percent), the communications group (-1.5 percent), and furnishings household equipment and services (-0.4 percent). The main contributors to the fall in the recreation and culture group prices were international holiday travel and accommodation (-2.0 percent) and domestic holiday travel and accommodation (-1.9 percent). 
Elsewhere, a 1.7 percent drop in telecommunications equipment and services was the key driver of the 1.5 percent fall in communications group prices. Meanwhile, a 4.1 percent fall in household textiles prices and a 1.6 percent decline in furniture prices contributed to the 0.4 percent decrease in furnishings and household equipment and services prices. 
Price rises 
The largest offsetting price rises in QI were secondary education (+4.6percent), medical and hospital services (+1.6percent) and pharmaceutical products prices (+ 4.8percent). These outcomes are largely due to seasonal factors but were smaller than usual. Overall, these health and education groups contributed 0.2ppts to the QI CPI. 
Also contributing in a positive way to the quarterly headline CPI outcome were increases in household fuels (+3.0percent) and new dwelling purchasing by owner occupiers (+0.2percent) suggesting housing activity may well be cooling but it certainly isn’t crashing. 
<a href="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%203.14.22%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/04/27/Screen%20Shot%202016-04-27%20at%203.14.22%20PM.png" alt="">
Imported or “tradables” inflation 
Tradables prices fell by 1.4percent in QI and were up by a modest 0.6percent over the year to March. The quarterly fall in tradables prices was due to a combination of the higher AUD in QI, falling fuel prices, and falling international holiday travel and accommodation prices. Tradable prices make up 40percent of the CPI basket and are a reflection of imported prices. 
Domestic or “non-tradables” inflation 
Domestic inflation or non-tradables inflation rose by a modest 0.4percent over QI and lifted by a tame 1.7percent on a year ago. This category accounts for around 60percent of the total CPI basket. The most significant contributors to the QI rise in non-tradables inflation were increases in gas and other household fuels and beer prices. Also, the non tradables services of secondary education and medical and hospital services prices helped the quarterly rise in this component. The key offsetting declines in 
non tradables inflation were electricity prices and domestic holiday and accommodation and telecommunication equipment prices. 
Plenty of spare capacity in the economy and softer wages growth has helped cap non-tradables inflation in recent quarters. 
States 
It is very unusual to see uniformly low inflation across all the capital cities. Prices rose in Canberra by 0.2percent in QI, were flat in Brisbane and fell in the other capitals. 
The price falls were in Sydney, -0.2percent, Melbourne -0.1percent, Adelaide -0.3percent, Perth -0.6percent, Hobart -0.2percent and Darwin -0.9percent. Perth and Darwin had the largest QI price falls. 
In annual terms, inflation was running highest in Melbourne and Brisbane at 1.7percent, then 1.3percent in Sydney and Hobart, 1.0percent in Canberra, 0.7percent in Perth and Adelaide, and -0.3percent in Darwin. 
The capital cities with the weakest retail activity, like Perth, Adelaide and Darwin have the weakest inflation outcomes, indicating the widespread retail discounting pressure. But there are other issues underway. Perth’s residential rents have fallen 4.4percent over the past year. 
Wages trends and inflation 
Wages trends provide a major input to structural inflation in the Australian economy. The trend around private sector wages over the past few years is towards consistently lower than expected outcomes. There are also clear compressions in wages outcomes across industry sectors and regions which are relatively new phenomenon and have been a feature of the post-mining investment and construction boom landscape. 
Annual private sector wages growth was running at a paltry 2percent in the year to December 2015, the weakest growth rate since the series began in 1997, and well below the 3percent to 4percent annual growth that has been the norm from the late 1990s until after the mining boom started to dissipate. Ongoing spare capacity in the labour market and job security anxieties are likely to continue to cap wages growth by workers limiting wage claims. 
Nationally, QIV wages growth continued to track lower in a range of industries and all industries have experienced wages growth well below their decade averages. On an industry basis across all sectors (i.e. public and private) the strongest annual wages growth was posted in financial and insurance services at 2.8percentpa, and weakest in mining at 1.5percentpa. 
The industry sector wages outcomes show that about 80 percent of industries are paying less than 2.5percent wage increases and the remaining 20percent are between 2.5percent and 3.0percent. The regional trends are also similar, with a trend towards State wage growth below 2.5percent. WA, the State with the highest wages growth for the decade up to 2013, now has growth of just 2percent. The end of the mining boom is having similar effects on wages trends in Queensland and NT. 
The sectors with the strongest jobs growth over the past few years are health, accommodation, cafes and retail. They also tend to be ones where part-time employment is significantly higher than in other sectors. The sectors with mainly full-time employment, like mining, utilities and construction, are losing jobs. So the pressures in the labour market that favour more part-time employment are producing a period of distinctly lower wages outcomes. 
A key reason behind ongoing tepid wages growth recently could be that a much more flexible labour market in recent years has enabled companies’ greater capacity to cap wages growth in a lacklustre labour market. In a period of labour market slack employees tend to be more satisfied to accept lower wages growth in return for more job security. 
The resultant ongoing tame wages growth seems to have contributed to more jobs growth than normally would have been the case. Indeed, the latest employment data showed annual jobs growth of 2.0percentpa. (I.e. +235.3k or an average +19.6k a month) in March. The unemployment rate stood at 5.7percent in March.
Ongoing soft wages growth and labour costs have helped wind back non-tradables (or domestic) inflation in recent quarters. This is especially the case for services inflation (with its very high labour component). Thus modest wages growth is a very handy tool in maintaining the current low inflation environment. 
Inflation expectations 
Central banks and policy makers care about inflation rates and where they may be headed. But they also care about the inflation expectations held by businesses and consumers. These expectations influence how economic agents act, with a flow on to economic activity. And these expectations influence the support or restraint that a given level of interest rates provides. 
The extended period of weak inflation in many countries has seen inflation expectations move lower. Some central banks have become concerned about the impact of low expectations. And certainly some recent policy easings in Europe, Japan and New Zealand reflect these concerns. Even in the US, where interest rates have been nudged higher, Fed Chair Yellen has recently expressed concerns about low inflation expectations. They are yet another reason for a caution approach to rate changes by the Fed. 
Our thoughts on global inflation expectation trends and what they mean for policy directions can be found here. 
The RBA monitors inflation expectations. But they are of less concern than for other central banks. They are rarely mentioned in post RBA meeting Statements. And comments are generally limited to a summary paragraph in the quarterly Statement on Monetary Policy (SMP). 
More importantly, inflation expectations in Australia are low but look well anchored. They have not been influenced by low headline inflation rates and the general lack of business pricing power. 
Policy makers are actually probably quite happy with aspects of the inflation expectations story. The decline in house price expectations as views on the housing market have softened will be seen as a desirable outcome. Especially given the concerns evident about rapid price growth and elevated expectations in 2015. The restraint in wage expectations is seen as a positive through the support it gives to labour demand.
Michael Workman is senior economist, <a href="https://www.commbank.com.au/corporate/research?ei=mv_research" target="_blank">Commonwealth Bank</a>.
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