Property developer One Living, backed by former Macquarie banker turned investment manager Chris Green’s investment firm, has unveiled plans to bring more institutional capital into housing to help address the national supply crisis.

The New York-based investor has focused his firm, GreenPoint Partners, on addressing the supply shortage hitting middle market housing in Australia.

It is backing the new One Living business to develop more than 1000 units along the eastern seaboard. The new firm is starting with a development on Mona Vale Road, on the border of Mona Vale and Pymble, in Sydney’s Northern Beaches, with around 140 apartments planned. They are eyeing off more sites across the city.

With cost pressures rising in the industry, One Living’s model is to be a vertically integrated developer-builder, so it can respond directly to the housing gap by removing the cost inefficiencies embedded in traditional residential delivery.

“We are building a platform designed to operate at scale and starting in a market where there’s a clear need for quality, attainable housing,” One Living joint managing director Joseph Scuderi said.

“It’s that missing middle – it’s that attainable end of housing… that’s what most Australians invest into and what Australians can actually afford.”

<img alt="Mona Vale" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="798dfa93-4941-4db6-a696-31e9dc18e81c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%202.31.50%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=mKBqi5C_DmeiXS.AtJkcR8LQIxqCqmFi" />

GreenPoint Partners brings years of experience assembling and scaling real estate operating businesses across major markets. And Green sees a big opportunity in Australia.

“For its size, sophistication and importance to the community, Australia’s living sector has remained largely under-institutionalised, which represents significant opportunity,” Green said. “GreenPoint identified that gap, assembled the right team, and is backing One Living to build a platform that is aligned to market needs.”

Green said being a builder-developer would give the company the capacity and flexibility it required to deliver reasonably-priced homes.

“We want it to be at that attainable level; not super high end luxury but at that attainable level,” he said.

<img alt="Mona Vale" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="74a5344a-4b26-4d4a-ada3-056b1220be77" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%202.32.15%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=vY8hXHO4reBMdO8ZXMWCNtGZJofUPQ3j" />

&nbsp;

One Living will undertake a component of affordable housing in its schemes, which it will own and operate, and it could also run build-to-rent on some sites.

Green praised local policy settings.

“The NSW government is being very supportive, strategic and pragmatic in terms of how do we generate more supply of housing,” he said. “We think it’s actually positive for development and the bit that’s been lacking at that attainable level is that it’s lots of relatively small private developers, whereas we want to create an institutional platform.”

One Living is also&nbsp;looking at high-density projects and could take on more institutional funding in the future.

“The way we will be able to achieve economies of scale is through size,” Green added.

Joel Robinson

One Living enters Sydney's new apartment market with Northern Beaches site acquisition

It's been several years since there's been an opportunity to buy a brand new townhome in Melbourne's coastal suburb of Mordialloc. Even apartment developments in recent times have been few and far between in the area.

Local developer LDS Property identified the gap in new housing, securing a site on White Street, directly opposite&nbsp;Woodlands Golf Club Mordialloc. They've recently launched&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-townhouses/wm-residences-mordialloc-102-white-street-mordialloc-vic-3195">WM Residences</a>, just 13 townhouses which they have already started building.

Projects by Buxton Director Heath Thompson, who is selling WM Residences, says the townhouses x that perfect middle ground be

"Mordialloc residents have had limited options to downsize within the suburb, often forcing them to look elsewhere despite long-standing ties to the area," Thompson says.

"With very little comparable new supply coming to market, projects like WM Residences are well placed, particularly as buyers look to capitalise on current conditions amid constrained supply."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134646 project_image_fid=6109]

The development, designed by regarded architecture firm&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/ewert-leaf">Ewert Leaf</a>,&nbsp;adopts a deliberately restrained architectural approach, focusing on simplicity, durability and liveability rather than overt design gestures.

The boutique scale is central to the offering. With only 13 three-bedroom residences, each home is configured to prioritise functional layouts and everyday use, supported by private terraces and secure two-car garages.

Ewert Leaf’s design response leans into a calm, neutral material palette. Interiors are defined by oak flooring, white walls and soft finishes, creating a consistent and understated backdrop. The approach avoids trend-driven detailing in favour of longevity, with an emphasis on natural light and spatial clarity.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134646 project_image_fid=6110]

Beyond aesthetics, the homes are designed to meet contemporary performance expectations. Each residence targets a minimum 6-star energy rating, incorporating double glazing, comprehensive insulation and all-electric Bosch appliances.

The project’s location supports a walkable coastal lifestyle, sitting within close proximity to Mordialloc’s foreshore, Main Street retail strip and the train station. Local cafés and dining venues, including Suburbia Deli and Hendriks Café, are within a short walk, reinforcing the area’s established neighbourhood character.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134646 project_image_fid=6116]

While <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/mordialloc-vic-3195">Mordialloc</a> is often defined by its beach and pier, the project taps into other areas of day to day living, offering easy access to local food, casual dining and transport, rather than positioning itself purely as a lifestyle retreat.

WM Residences reflects a continued trend across Melbourne’s coastal suburbs towards smaller-scale, design-led townhouse developments, particularly on infill sites where proximity to amenity is already established.

With construction commenced prior to its market entry, the project aligns with a growing preference among buyers for developments with visible progress and defined delivery timeframes.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134646]

WM Residences fills gap in Mordialloc townhouse market

&nbsp;

Developer GURNER™ Group has revealed $1.65 billion in residential sales nationally across the 12 months to December 2025, driven largely by the continued momentum of its Docklands wellness-focused precinct, Elysium Fields.

The sales result was generated across seven projects in Victoria and New South Wales, headlined by Elysium Fields, GURNER™’s $2.75 billion mixed-use precinct planned for Harbour Esplanade in Docklands.

The project has recorded more than $500 million in sales across the first three towers, equating to around 580 apartments sold.

The first tower, Helios, has now sold out of its 240 private residences, with GURNER™ preparing to release a premium penthouse collection comprising 15 three-bedroom penthouses in coming weeks.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370975]

Elysium Fields is being developed on the long-held 20,000 sqm Docklands site at 208-226 Harbour Esplanade, which had remained undeveloped for more than two decades prior to GURNER™ taking over the project around four years ago.

Construction has now commenced across four towers ranging between 18 and 30 storeys, with Hamilton Marino and Maxcon appointed as builders.

Once complete, the precinct is expected to comprise around 1,100 residences, alongside retail, hospitality and public realm uses integrated throughout the site.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370981]

Designed by Fraser &amp; Partners in collaboration with GURNER™ Design House, the project has been positioned around the developer’s broader focus on wellness-led residential living.

“We don’t sell apartments. We create a true luxury lifestyle that simply doesn’t exist elsewhere in the market today,” Founder and Executive Chairman Tim Gurner said.

“To deliver that requires an extraordinary level of detail, coordination and discipline across multiple verticals, from design and hospitality through to wellness and service.”

“We’ve always believed that living extends far beyond the physical residence. It’s about how you feel the moment you arrive, how you live day-to-day, and the ecosystem that supports that.” 
[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370977]

The project’s design places a heavy focus on landscaping, wellness amenities and biophilic design principles.

Plans include around 3,700 sqm of landscaped gardens and open space throughout the precinct, alongside a retail and dining offering spanning approximately 5,000 sqm.

The broader public realm strategy centres around what GURNER™ describes as the “Path of Life”, an urban forest and landscaped pedestrian environment intended to connect the various buildings and wellness spaces across the precinct.

The apartments themselves will incorporate a range of wellness-focused inclusions, including purified air and water systems, circadian lighting, antimicrobial surfaces, and optional in-home wellness upgrades.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370980]

Gurner said the company’s experience through its Saint Haven wellness clubs had directly informed the residential offering now being incorporated into Elysium Fields.

“We’re seeing a clear global shift toward longevity, performance and proactive health,” Gurner said.

“Our role is to deliver that in a way that feels seamless, highly private and beautifully resolved within the environments we create.”

A large component of the wellness offering is planned through the resident amenity and health facilities proposed within the precinct.

That includes plans for bathing and recovery facilities spread throughout the towers, incorporating mineral pools, saunas, steam rooms, flotation therapy, red light therapy and wellness lounges.

The developer is also seeking approvals for what it describes as a “reverse ageing medical clinic” within the precinct.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370978]

According to project information released by the group, the proposed facility would include cryotherapy, IV infusion therapy, infrared and dry saunas, PEMF beds, MRIs, DEXA scans, brain scans and blood analysis services.

Within the first tower, Helios, residents will also have access to a dedicated amenity offering known as the Sky Private Club.

The upper 15 levels of the building will include private lounges, dining spaces, rooftop amenities and optional private wellness studios integrated within residences.

The Helios tower itself comprises 260 apartments ranging between 60 sqm and 300 sqm, including a collection of penthouses.

That includes a planned two-storey penthouse spanning around 600 sqm with uninterrupted bay views.

The Elysium Fields precinct is being delivered in partnership with Digital Harbour Holdings, a consortium that includes the Liberman family, which controls the development rights across the Docklands site.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370979]

The sales result comes as GURNER™ continues expanding its national development pipeline beyond Victoria.

“We have a strong pipeline across Australia and are now focused on scaling into key markets including New South Wales and Queensland, while continuing to build on our Melbourne base,” Gurner said.

“We currently have more than $3 billion in the market, growing to over $5 billion by October, and expect to materially outperform last year in the 2026 calendar year.”

The result also reflects the continued strength of the upper-end apartment market in Melbourne, particularly for owner-occupier-focused product with large-scale amenity and lifestyle offerings.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=144441]

Record result anchored by the Group’s “utopian” Elysium Fields precinct – defying market headwinds in Docklands.

Elysium Fields drive Gurner to $1.65 billion in apartment sales over 2025

National Australia Bank (NAB) will fund <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/palmera-residences-gold-coast-18-garfield-terrace-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Palmera</a>, a $1 billion, 52-level luxury residential tower being developed by Central Equity in one of the Gold Coast’s most tightly held coastal locations at Northcliffe.

The project, launched recently by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/central-equity">Central Equity</a>, one of Victoria’s largest private residential developers, comes at a time when construction funding for large residential developments has become increasingly competitive as lenders tighten exposure to the sector.

Multiplex has been appointed the builder, and construction is now underway.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365784]

Since its first project, Central Equity has delivered more than 85 residential developments with a combined end value exceeding $8 billion.

Palmera reflects Central Equity’s growing focus on the Gold Coast luxury apartment market and continues a relationship between Central Equity and NAB that dates back to the late 1980s, when the bank funded one of Melbourne’s earliest inner-city residential towers at a time when high-rise apartment living in the CBD was largely unproven.

“NAB’s funding of Central Equity’s $36 million CBD development in the late 1980’s to the financing of the billion-dollar tower today highlights the long-term relationship between the two organisations in delivering major residential projects” said Central Equity Founder and Chairman Eddie Kutner.

He said NAB’s early support was instrumental in helping establish the company’s development model.

“When we commenced our first residential tower in the late 1980s the concept of funding off-the-plan apartments was still largely untested in Australia,” Kutner said.

“NAB recognised the opportunity early and supported the project when others were uncertain. That relationship has now continued for more than 37 years across many developments.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365771]

Central Equity was established in 1987 when Melbourne’s CBD and Southbank precinct were still dominated by warehouses and commercial buildings. Fewer than 100 residents lived in Southbank at the time, and large-scale residential development in the inner city was not widely considered.

Recognising changing demographics and lifestyle preferences, the company began developing high-rise residential projects designed to bring permanent residents into the city centre.

Central Equity has provided accommodation for approximately 40,000 residents across Melbourne’s CBD and Southbank, while also incorporating supporting infrastructure including essential lifestyle facilities like retail spaces, childcare facilities and neighbourhood activity centres.

Central Equity has spent many years assembling the Palmera development site on the corner of Garfield Terrace and Frederick Street in Northcliffe, creating a supersite of around 3,300 sqm.

The developer said the Palmera apartment tower reflects its long-term view of the Gold Coast as a growing and increasingly diversified economy.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365768]

Supported by infrastructure including the light rail network, major road upgrades expanded education, hospital and medical facilities and continued expansion at the Gold Coast Airport with more international and domestic flights.

Positioned in the tightly held Northcliffe precinct, the 52-level tower will deliver 347 apartments, targeting buyers seeking a high-end coastal lifestyle, from downsizers to interstate investors.

Designed by Marchese Partners with interiors by DBI, Palmera has been conceived as a next-generation residential offering, featuring a collection of oversized apartments, with premium three-bedroom residences offering sweeping northern views stretching from Surfers Paradise through to Burleigh Heads.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=108274]

NAB funds $1 billion Surfers Paradise apartment development, Palmera

Two years after completing one of the newest developments in North Sydney, developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aqualand-australia">Aqualand</a> is turning its attention to the rapidly evolving St Leonards apartment market.

The developer, which completed AURA by Aqualand on North Sydney's Walker Street, has lodged plans for a 5,918 sqm site at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/33-37-herbert-street-st-leonards-nsw-2065">33-37 Herbert Street, St Leonards,</a> seeking approval for a pair of residential towers rising above a shared podium opposite Royal North Shore Hospital.

The proposal forms part of the broader transformation underway across the St Leonards-Crows Nest precinct, where former industrial and commercial sites are increasingly being redeveloped into high-density mixed-use projects tied to major transport infrastructure.

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2cc428cf-fe70-4cac-9cd5-264ad53af62c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.56%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=otKSnHtbjAvAddOnovyXQMgcAwE6DMe1" />

According to the planning documents, the site sits “within the St Leonards–Crows Nest Strategic Centre, identified by the NSW Government as a key area for accommodating future jobs and housing across Sydney.”

The proposal has been designed by fjcstudio, formerly FJMT Studio, and is being progressed through the State Significant Development pathway due to its scale and affordable housing provision.

The scheme would comprise 413 apartments, including 46 affordable housing units, alongside retail and commercial uses fronting Herbert Street. The project would also include communal open space, landscaping, a swimming pool, gymnasium, children’s play areas and podium-level resident amenities.

Planning documents show the development would consist of a part-13, part-39 storey tower form positioned above a four-storey podium.

“The development comprises a unified podium that activates the street interface, and two setback towers to accommodate new housing supply while maintaining an appropriate human scale at ground level,” fjcstudio noted in its Design Report.

The northern and southern towers have been shaped to respond to the surrounding skyline while also limiting overshadowing impacts to nearby public open space, particularly Talus Reserve.

The design report said the differing tower heights were intended to “contribute to a varied skyline while responding to the surrounding built form context and solar access considerations.”

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="36da62dc-ff9e-41f2-a7e3-7be38373751c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.45%E2%80%AFAM_0.png?VersionId=Mo6Rp2r.XRLTzIfg_PEEpw8NepDH8UBs" />

The site sits directly opposite Royal North Shore Hospital and within walking distance of both St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

While the site itself sits just outside the formal Crows Nest Transport Oriented Development boundary, the planning documents repeatedly reference its alignment with the broader TOD objectives reshaping the Lower North Shore.

“The site is located adjacent to St Leonards Station and in close proximity to Crows Nest Metro which is within the Crows Nest Transit Orientated Development Accelerated Precinct which has been identified by the NSW Government to support housing delivery,” the Design Verification Statement noted.

According to fjcstudio, the project has been designed to respond to the broader transition occurring across St Leonards, where increasing residential density is being concentrated around transport infrastructure and employment hubs.

“The broader precinct is undergoing significant change, with a mix of existing mid-rise buildings and newer high-density developments,” the report stated.

“Recent and approved projects indicate a consistent shift toward taller built form, typically organised as tower-and-podium typologies with more active ground levels.”

The proposal includes close to 6,000 sqm of retail and commercial space across the ground floor and podium levels, designed to create a more activated street edge along Herbert Street.

Aqualand’s plans would also introduce a landscaped podium shared between the two towers, with communal open space in the form of a podium rooftop designed to support resident interaction and improve urban greening outcomes. The scheme would also introduce pocket parks at the northern and southern ends of the site, including a landscaped area at the corner of Herbert and Ella streets designed to improve pedestrian amenity and soften the streetscape.

&nbsp;

The proposal is being progressed through the NSW Government’s Housing Delivery Authority pathway, which was introduced to accelerate housing supply across the state. The application was declared State Significant Development in April 2025 following an expression of interest process.

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="faf6d97d-2671-454f-b85a-fe1c6a7be608" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.49%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=diVd28OBVr5.YV.7prrOz.uAanwwwm7a" />

St Leonards has been particularly active with new developments in recent weeks. Developer SP Setia’s <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-sp-setia-targets-st-leonards-skyline-with-40-storey-tod-tower">plans for a new 42-storey tower</a> recently went on exhibition through the same pathway, while <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">Stockland’s 52-storey tower proposal</a> was also recently unveiled.

Aside from the St Leonards project, which is expected to take around nine months to move through the approvals process ahead of a potential 2027 launch, Aqualand is also preparing to launch Boronia, a new apartment project in Roseville comprising around 111 apartments on Larkin Street.

The developer also has approvals in place for the next stage of the Barangaroo precinct, which will feature new residential, retail, hospitality and community uses, alongside a new metro entry across the five-hectare site.

More than 50 new retail destinations are planned for Central Barangaroo, alongside a 270-metre-long boulevard connecting Hickson Park to Nawi Cove. Together with Harbour Park, more than 50 per cent of the precinct will comprise public open space and parkland.

First look: Aqualand joins St Leonards apartment party

Economy

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GUEST OBSERVATION
After much anticipation, the European Central Bank (ECB) finally announced some important policy changes that have seen the euro weaken by around one and a half cents against the Australian dollar. 
The fall reduces the cost of imports from the eurozone by over A$3,000 for every €100,000 in a little over a week.
So why has the ECB caused the sharp move in the currency?
Most of the talk has been around the decision to reduce the deposit rate for bank deposits. Going forward, the ECB will charge commercial banks a fee in the form of a negative deposit rate for parking funds with them. This is a first for a developed nation and is aimed at forcing the banks to release capital, i.e. lend more so the real economy can get easier access to money. A real headline grabber!
The other less sexy measure was a new Targeted Long Term Refinancing Operation, with the acronym TLTRO, likely to replace the previous LTRO. The difference? This one is now targeted (just add T to the beginning). This policy is another injection of cash into the banking sector with some caveats attached which make it more targeted than the previous version. Commercial banks now have to use the money specifically to lend it out to the private sector.
In its accompanying statement, the ECB decided to “intensify the preparatory work related to outright purchases in the ABS market”. In other words, it's now committed to embarking on a European-style quantitative easing program which will serve to weaken the euro.
But it’s not all about the euro
Coinciding with a weaker euro, we have seen the Aussie strengthening on the back of some better than expected domestic economic data and a rosier outlook for China. In this context the local unit has pushed through 94 US cents and is seeing some calls for parity once again. The combination of these two forces sees the AUD/EUR cross-rate edging closer to 0.7, a level not seen since November last year.
<img src="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/images/stories/vrondas%201606%20graph.jpg" alt="">
Whilst the trend is expected to continue, the <a href="https://www.ozforex.com.au/forex-tools/my-fx-dashboard?mode=advanced" target="_blank">chart above</a> highlights what could be a significant resistance point around 0.7116. For those businesses importing from Europe, a move above 0.7 to this level could represent a good opportunity to hedge some future exposures and lock in an exchange rate some 11% better than what it was in January of this year. Such significant cost savings should help deliver a better bottom line for businesses in the next financial year.
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimvrondas">Jim Vrondas</a> is Chief Currency strategist, Asia-Pacific at <a href="https://www.ozforex.com.au/?cid=1300">OzForex</a>, a global provider of online international payment services and a key provider of <a href="https://www.ozforex.com.au/news-commentary/daily">Forex news</a>.
This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/" target="_blank">SmartCompany</a>.
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Negative interest rates a boon for Aussie importers

<html><body>
GUEST OBSERVATION
Northern Australia has vast potential for development. Just one proposed agriculture project of the many that I’m currently aware of would cover an area as big as metropolitan Brisbane, Australia’s third largest city.
Other single farms could be as large or larger than the entire <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ord_River" target="_blank">Ord River scheme</a> in Western Australia, home to mainland Australia’s biggest freshwater dam at Lake Argyle, which can store roughly <a href="https://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/39/when-dam-size-matters/" target="_blank">20 times the water in Sydney Harbour</a>.
Those are just some of the major projects on the drawing board for northern Australia, which have attracted the interest not only of Australian investors, but also investors from the US and China. Such foreign investment will be crucial to what happens over the next few decades in places such as the <a href="https://www.daff.qld.gov.au/business-trade/development/industry-development/flinders-gilbert-agricultural-zone" target="_blank">Flinders and Gilbert river catchments</a> in north Queensland.
But with vast potential also comes vast, and as yet not entirely well-understood, challenges. For instance, how do we fund the infrastructure to capture, store and distribute the water from the wet season to support agriculture all year round? And where are the most appropriate places to <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/csiros-dam-hunt-helps-plan-for-north/story-fn59niix-1226948824851" target="_blank">build proposed new water storages</a>?
Those are some of the questions being asked again, with the federal government this week asking for public comment on its new <a href="https://northernaustralia.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/papers/green_paper.pdf" target="_blank">Green Paper on Developing Northern Australia</a>. The paper is a precursor to a new national policy for our north.
<a href="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/50889/area14mp/9gvrmhs8-1402536073.jpg"><img src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/50889/width668/9gvrmhs8-1402536073.jpg" alt=""></a>
Northern Australia — particularly the Ord, Flinders and Gilbert river regions — have long been talked up as having potential for greatly increased agriculture, close to Asia. However, as the 2012 Feeding the Future paper noted, there are sensitive issues including indigenous land-use rights and environmental management. Source: <a class="source" href="https://www.dfat.gov.au/publications/feeding-the-future/feeding-the-future" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Feeding the Future, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2012</a>, <a class="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">CC BY</a>
Released this week by Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss, the green paper is a good start in the process of developing a plan for the north.
The risk to successful development in the north is in underestimating both the scale of the opportunity and the scale and complexity of the challenges. Many past attempts at development have failed on both these counts.
So there is much work still to be done before being able to predict if this new push to develop northern Australia will succeed where past plans have failed.
Economies of scale
If Australia’s new national policy for developing northern Australia is to get anywhere, one of the most important issues for it to address is the huge scale of investment required to get major new projects off the ground.
We also need to define the paths to winning a significant share of high-value Asian markets.
The green paper suggests the northern economy should be diversified into areas other than mining and energy. Tourism and agriculture — and I’ll largely focus on agriculture, as it’s my area of expertise — are the two main options identified.
<a href="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/50876/area14mp/cz3mkfgr-1402534545.jpg"><img src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/50876/width237/cz3mkfgr-1402534545.jpg" alt=""></a>
The six possible policy directions to develop northern Australia covered in the new Green Paper. <a class="source" href="https://northernaustralia.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/papers/green_paper.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Green Paper on Developing Northern Australia</a>, <a class="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">CC BY</a>
Some past failures in agriculture in the north can be attributed in transplanting agricultural technology from the south, rather than re-inventing it for the new northern environment.
Globally we have had much more research and development delivering technology into temperate agriculture rather than tropical agriculture, where we now have the greatest need in Australia and globally.
Australian research and development capability in this area is strong, and should provide a competitive advantage in developing our north, one of the few remaining areas in the world with potential for agricultural expansion.
Article continues on next page. Please click below.
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Working with local conditions
The green paper cautiously does not attempt to pick winners in backing specific industries.
Agriculture in the north may continue to depend upon the established industries <a href="https://www.qaafi.uq.edu.au/nbra" target="_blank">such as beef</a> for some time, but new agricultural ventures will have a wide range of options, requiring careful evaluation. Agricultural and food products that can thrive in northern Australian conditions need to be identified.
The scale of investment is a big challenge. For example, establishing new farms in remote northern locations could require new roads and rail to get the products to a port or market.
As the <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-10/coalition-launches-green-paper-nothern-australia/5512456" target="_blank">Deputy Prime Minister noted this week, water storage and distribution systems</a> may need to be constructed. But new dams aren’t cheap, meaning large-scale investments would be needed.
<a href="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/50870/area14mp/jn726d7k-1402529974.jpg"><img src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/50870/width237/jn726d7k-1402529974.jpg" alt=""></a>
Despite covering almost half of Australia’s mainland, northern Australia has a relatively small population of just over one million people, or 5% of all Australians. <a class="source" href="https://northernaustralia.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/papers/green_paper.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Green Paper on Developing Northern Australia p.3 (a higher resolution image was not available)</a>, <a class="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">CC BY</a>
Single farms as big as the entire Ord River scheme or possibly even larger are now being considered. That has major implications for the policies that need to be developed by government to attract large-scale investment.
Businesses of this type might resort to a fly-in, fly-out workforce, following the mining industry’s example. But the social implications of fly-in, fly out farming need to be better understood.
Investing in success
Development of the north will require that governments at all levels create an investment environment that will attract the significant capital essential for new ventures in the north. That means getting the balance right between removing red tape and ensuring investment in sustainable industries.
A key to success for Australian agriculture will be in successfully targeting high-value niche markets for food products in Asia.
These Asian markets are large and — despite the niche label — are able to take all that Australia can produce of most foods, as I’ve written about <a href="https://theconversation.com/australian-trade-beats-aid-in-boosting-global-food-security-22546" target="_blank">for The Conversation before</a>. Niche markets tend to pay higher prices, but they may also be highly competitive and require sophisticated marketing and quality control.
But rather than just producing food and then exporting it for others to process further, on-farm processing in northern Australia is likely to be essential to many businesses.
We’re not talking about small, family-run farms, but big businesses, covering bigger areas and able to capture greater economies of scale.
Alongside business, Australian scientists will have a key role in delivering the appropriate new crops, new animals and new farming systems that will be necessary for agriculture to succeed in the north.
Developing more remote areas of northern Australia comes with bigger challenges than setting up new ventures in established areas like the Murray-Darling region.
But the opportunities are there. Now we need to ensure that government policy settings and business plans are well-targeted, so that developing northern Australia finally moves on from being a long-held dream to becoming a reality.
Robert Henry is director, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation at University of Queensland.
Robert Henry receives funding from University of Queensland, Queensland Government, Australian Research Council and Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.
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Giant steps needed to build up northern Australia’s potential

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The RBA's head of financial stability Luci Ellis has repeated the view that Australia's central bank won't be introducing ‘‘macroprudential’’ policy restrictions on higher-risk lending in order to preserve financial stability.
Despite limits on loans with high loan-to-valuation ratios being introduced in Canada, Sweden, Norway, Israel, Korea and Hong Kong, Ellis defended the RBA's caution.
‘‘We view macroprudential policy as something to be subsumed into the broader financial stability framework,’’ Ellis said in a speech to the University of Adelaide Economics Department.
“We recognise that quantitative restrictions were already tried in the 1960s and 1970s – and didn’t always work so well.
‘‘The division between ‘microprudential’ supervision, narrowly focused on individual institutions, and system-wide ‘macroprudential’ supervision, never made much sense to us in Australia.’’
Ellis stressed the central bank’s tools for promoting financial stability were the ‘‘telephone’’, a reference to calling APRA and raising concerns, and the ‘‘microphone’’, a reference to the RBA's public comments.
"Exposing and warning of risks can ideally change behaviour, and steer the system away from higher-risk outcomes," she said.
Her speech follows last week’s warning from APRA which unveiled new draft guidelines on how to manage risks in the mortgage market.
Ellis said APRA and the RBA were already well equipped to promote financial stability.
‘‘The rationale for carving out particular bits of the prudential framework under separate governance – which is what people mean nowadays by ‘macroprudential tools’ – appears to be that supervisors cannot be relied on to discharge their duties with system-level concerns in mind,’’ she said.
‘‘That might be true in some countries, but not in Australia and at least some other countries.’’
In framing the objectives of financial stability policy, Luci Ellis noted whenever housing prices boomed people worried that housing has become unaffordable. 
"Of course, if prices are rising, it must be that someone can afford those prices.
"If they are motivated by speculative expectations, though, prices can run ahead of levels that can be sustained in the longer term.
"So there can be a financial stability angle to those concerns, if a future fallout is likely to harm the real economy, either directly or via distress in the financial system.
"But the real policy concern here is that other people get priced out.
"It is fundamentally a question of distribution, particularly intergenerational distribution.
"This is not in the remit of financial stability policy, and the two goals should not be conflated.
"But we should be mindful of this equally legitimate goal of public policy, which is to ensure that everyone can access appropriate shelter that they can reasonably afford.
"Sometimes this goal mutually supports the goal of financial stability.
"But as we saw in the US housing meltdown, if you get the policy response to an affordability issue wrong, the consequences for financial stability can be dire," she outlined.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

RBA shies away from macroprudential housing policies, but microphone at the ready

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Hundreds of electricians are out of work after a major national electrical contracting firm with annual revenues of $350 million collapsed into receivership on Monday. 
At its peak, Pacific Services Group employed 1300 staff nationwide, across 40 active project sites and 14 offices, however the group's headcount fell to around 700 employees by the time of its collapse.
Major projects overseen by Pacific Services Group included works at the Chadstone Shopping Centre and Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne, the NBN rollout in Tasmania and the Lotus Glen Correctional Facility in Queensland.
The group, based in North Melbourne with offices across Australia, was created through an initial investment by Wolseley Private Equity in 2006 in a bid to become the nation’s largest electrical, data and communications engineering company.
Between February 2006 and October 2009, Pacific Services Group went on a buying spree, acquiring Elecraft in Victoria, Russell Smith Electrical in Tasmania, Boffa Russo in South Australia, Richard Flanagan &amp; Co in Queensland and RSE Electrical in NSW.
However, the electrical firm soon hit financial hurdles, with <a href="https://www.afr.com/p/opinion/kordamentha_takes_control_of_pacific_lDV8jauszuDjsyWGRvareL">The Australian Financial Review</a> reporting Pacific Services Group had lost a major maintenance contract with retail giant Woolworths.
In July of last year, then-chief executive Peter White announced Pacific Services Group had received a $10 million injection from investors, and had secured a deal to restructure its debt from lenders.
“The recapitalisation will inject fresh money into PSG and restructure the group’s debts in a manner that will significantly strengthen the group’s financial position. You will all see the practical impact of this over the following weeks and months,” White said at the time.
“Thank you all for your support over the past few months; it has been a challenging time for us all. The recapitalisation provides us with a robust platform on which to move forward and to bid for the projects that are in the market. We look forward to continuing to work closely with you on both existing and new opportunities.”
Despite the cash injection, by September, Pacific Services Group announced it had appointed former Tyco Fire Protection Services APAC operations director Jeffrey Bretz as its new chief executive.
However, Bretz was unable to turn the company around, with PPB Advisory partner Craig Crosby appointed as an administrator, while Scott Kershaw, Michael Brereton and Craig Shepherd of KordaMentha were appointed as receivers earlier this week.
The Victorian state secretary of the Electrical Trade Union, Troy Gray, blasted the company’s management in a statement provided to SmartCompany, saying the company’s electricians, who had made millions of dollars for the company, including 200 in Victoria, would be left without an income.
“It's not just 200 workers. It's the families of these 200. They don't have an income. They can't get their entitlements, we're told by the government, for 40 weeks. We call on the government to fast-track that,” Gray said.
“Many of these workers will not get re-employed. The construction industry in Victoria isn't fantastic at the moment and they need those entitlements. The annual leave, banked RDOs, they need to live on, to buy food with.”
In a statement, Crosbie told SmartCompany he was still investigating Pacific Services Group's finances, and would report back to creditors by the end of the month.
"We are mindful of the impact on employees and are working with the Electrical Trades Union, the receivers and managers and PSG management to ensure entitlements are calculated as a matter of urgency," Crosbie says.
“We understand the receivers and managers have ceased to trade the businesses. At this stage it is unlikely that funds will be available to meet unsecured creditor claims. In the event the PSG companies are wound up and there are insufficient funds to pay employees, they will be entitled to lodge a claim under the federal government’s Fair Entitlement Guarantee scheme. The administrators will facilitate this process."
“We have notified the Department of Employment that a Fair Entitlements Guarantee claim is being prepared and we will do everything in our power to secure FEG funding and process employee claims as quickly as possible.”
The collapse follows the administration of another multimillion-dollar electrical contracting business called Global Electrotech in <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/growth/32891-leading-wa-electrical-services-contracting-business-collapses--industry-is-shot">July of last year</a>.
This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/" target="_blank">SmartCompany.</a>
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asadauskas-o9wSWMRiAW

Short circuit as $350 million electrical contractor collapses

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GUEST OBSERVATION
When should a young person start getting paid as an adult?
It depends on where the money is coming from, according to current government policy - policy that is sending conflicting messages about the true value of young people to Australia’s economy.
In March, the Fair Work Commission (FWC) decided to alter the General Retail Industry Award so that 20 year olds would receive the “adult” rate of pay instead of the current rate of 90%. They will now be eligible for the full adult rate once they have been in the job for six months. This means that 20-year-olds will be treated virtually the same as those aged 21.
And yet in May, the federal budget proposed that unemployed people under the age of 25 would no longer qualify for the Newstart allowance of $510 a fortnight, currently available to people after they turn 22. People under 25 will have to apply for the lower Youth Allowance of $414 a fortnight at the full rate.
Currently, the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) is <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/business-push-on-sunday-penalties/story-fn59noo3-1226940798835#mm-premium" target="_blank">leading a campaign</a> to lower Sunday penalty rates, arguing that it will create jobs for young people.
These measures send contradictory messages about when young people officially join the mainstream “adult” workforce. Let’s look at each in turn.
First the FWC decision. The Australian Retailers Association has argued that changes to the system of junior rates could discourage employers from appointing young people. But as Damian Oliver from the University of Sydney has <a href="https://theconversation.com/adults-in-all-but-pay-the-case-for-increasing-youth-wages-16030" target="_blank">pointed out</a>, some employers already pay young people in this age group at the adult rate.
Parts of the manufacturing and construction industries - significant employers of young males - have already removed junior rates for many categories of workers aged 18 to 20. Coles and Woolworths, the two largest employers of young people in the retail sector, have already removed junior rates for 20 year olds from their enterprise agreements.
Casual work is on the rise
At the same time, young people face an increasingly casualised workforce, with access to full-time secure work happening later in life. The steady decline of full-time job opportunities over the last 20 years has meant that many teenagers must make do with part-time and casual work, in which associated entitlements such as access to flexible holidays are not available. Combine this with the ever-increasing challenges of entering the housing market and young people find that the secure markers of “adulthood” enjoyed by previous generations are often out of reach. Recognition of a fair level of pay commensurate with “adults” is one of the few concessions available in a fluid job market.
Recent surveys of business show concern that young people lack loyalty to their employers. Loyalty is a two-way street. Recognition of the value of young people’s labour through wage levels, with the expectation that in return young people will stay with employers, is one way of addressing this concern, so the FWC decision is potentially positive in this regard.
The Australian Industry Group has suggested: “The emphasis should be on preserving employment in the industry, not on imposing higher costs,“ but a more sophisticated response is required that both ensures fairness as well as providing youth employment and training opportunities. Arguably, wage rates could be traded off against traineeships with a qualification at the end or other benefits.
A less sophisticated approach is to lower penalty rates. ACCI Chief executive, Kate Carnell, <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/small-business/trends/acci-prioritises-youth-unemployment-20140521-38naz#ixzz33XBhZTkq" target="_blank">recently suggested</a> that “With youth unemployment rates going up, and the policies announced in the budget… you could get more jobs, especially with the young market, very quickly with movement on weekend penalty rates”.
With major employers of young people such as retailers joining the campaign, there is some justification to potentially opening up job opportunities. But again, the value of young people’s work (and rest) is ambivalent. While it may create jobs, it may also inadvertently contribute to the broader lack of security that permeates the youth labour force. And the argument that these jobs will lead to secure employment becomes problematic given that teenagers in part-time work are only <a href="https://www.fya.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/FYA_HYPAF_Full_Report_PDF.pdf" target="_blank">slightly more likely</a> to move into full-time employment than those who are unemployed.
Earning or learning
Under the government’s new earning or learning regime, jobseekers under the age of 30 will have to wait six months before receiving unemployment benefits, depending on their work history. In one stroke, this policy effectively extends the age of transition from school to work by five years. It does this by treating young people under 30 as one category, consisting of those who apparently need economically punitive motivation to seek work. Advocates of this policy may characterise this as an “incentive”, but the outcome is the same: if you’re young and not earning or learning, you will not be supported by government support derived from societal taxation.
What this does is to extend the economic definition of unemployed youth to the age of 30. It stands in contrast to the FWC’s implied judgement that 20 year-olds should be treated the same as those aged 21. The latter decision affords entitlements to a fair wage to younger Australians, the former denies entitlements to later in life. One step forward, two steps back.
At the heart of the FWR decision is that “the discounted rate for all 20-year-old retail employees is not a fair and relevant minimum safety net”.
Beneath these decisions is a social question: “When does a young person become an adult?” Prior to this decision, 18 year-olds working in retail are paid 70% of the full adult rate (i.e. the wage applied to those over the age of 21). 19-year-olds are paid at 80% of the wage, and so on until at age 21 they are recognised as “adults”.
What changes between the ages of 20 and 21? Based on the evidence, the Commission found there to be “little difference in the duties and responsibilities assigned to 20 and 21-year-old retail employees”. And what changes between the age of 21 and the age of 30?
A consistent message needs to be sent to young people about their economic status as “adults”. Recognising their work through providing the adult wage level is one small way of doing this, while addressing the discrimination evident in the way young people are paid.
The FWC described the decision to change the retail award as a special case and that this would not necessarily lead to similar findings for other awards. The federal government’s policy to alter conditions for receiving Newstart Allowance has yet to make its way through the Senate.
When viewed in combination, these approaches to youth employment suggest we are some way off from sending a consistent message to young people about the value of their work to the economy.
Lucas Walsh is associate professor and associate dean (Berwick), faculty of education at Monash University.
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. 
Photo courtesy of Flickr/<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons</a>.
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jake-cSmGT7VXVf

Earning, learning or confused: Mixed signals on jobs for young

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Paradigm was the buzz word when Australia was handcuffed to a hung parliament, so to be different let’s take a look at Australia’s property paradigm and what we can expect to be reading about the direction Australian property is headed in coming months.
Many vastly differing opinions are front and centre at the moment, for some strange reason commentaries keep reverting back to Australia’s property boom in 2003/04 – which I am struggling to accept.
In 2003/04 Australia was basking in an unprecedented period of economic growth together with a booming resources sector, which for want of a better expression, this may be better described as the old economy given our resources sector is now in decline.
The latest capex figures were released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) this week which revealed that total capex fell by 4.2% in the March quarter. Most notable was the mining industry which declined by 8.7% in the March quarter with total new capex now 5% lower than this time last year. As Australia moves from mining to non – mining industries the building sector was suggested as the biggest benefactor from mining and also declined by 7.4% in the March quarter. Capex has now fallen by 8.5% over the last two quarters – which puts the Australian capex on par with the largest six month decline since the recession back in 1993.
There are many questions that today remain unanswered given there is growing opinions that Australia’s long-term planning may need an immediate visit back to the drawing board as these unknown economic irregularities have Australia steering into unknown waters. Certainly the latest capex figures indicate that our productivity is headed completely in the wrong direction.
With interest I have been closely watching the ANZ – Roy Morgan weekly consumer confidence rating which has revealed that confidence is now down 15% since the Abbott government first started spruiking its budget policies. This has brought about a most unusual trifecta given we see confidence, terms of trade and property prices (apparently) in decline. What we are seeing today is a complete opposite to what happened back in 2003/04 although the cash rate back then was approximately double what it is today and from 2003/04 the cash rate steadily increased to 7.25% in 2008 only to be halted by the global financial crisis.
<a href="https://www.rwm.com.au/files/2014/05/27-05-2014-12-25-40-PM.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-8564" src="https://www.rwm.com.au/files/2014/05/27-05-2014-12-25-40-PM.jpg" alt="27-05-2014 12-25-40 PM" width="595" height="357"></a>
Source: Macro Business
Although what is conflicting is the property dynamic over the same period for residential term loans to households which may very well explain why we are starting to see the early signs of the property markets easing. Although it must be noted that the traditional real estate markets have only recorded modest capital growth when compared to the outer Sydney areas that have posted unprecedented capital growth.
It is anyone’s guess when the RBA will start increasing the cash rate again although most agree that they will remain where they are for some considerable time to come.
<img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-8565" src="https://www.rwm.com.au/files/2014/05/27-05-2014-1-10-16-PM.jpg" alt="27-05-2014 1-10-16 PM" width="696" height="347">
 
Source: Digital Finance Analytics
With interest this week I read Ian Macfarlane on central bank policies, inflation and China on <a href="https://cuffelinks.com.au/ian-macfarlane-central-bank-policies-inflation-china/" target="_blank" title="Cuffelinks">Cuffelinks</a>. What I find most interesting about China is that aside from them being a number one client for buying our iron ore, which is now in decline, they are fast becoming the number one foreign purchaser of our real estate.
What that in itself may suggest that given their insatiable interest in Australian real estate prices will flat line for some considerable time to come as they are definitely a noteworthy driver of real estate today – this reinforces the mislead perceptions/predictions that real estate values will fall.
The biggest question marks over Australian real estate are quite simple and twofold – what will happen to the markets when the cash rate goes back to some form of normality say at 7.50% which represents a 200% increase? Lastly, they keep mentioning negative gearing and given the Australian government’s debt position there will come a time when this great tax deduction is re-examined.
Although maybe we are looking at the wrong paradigm given nobody can explain why the ASX surged to a six year high this week?
Obviously I must have missed something?
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robertsimeon-hRNTwJyXkQ

Australia's contentious property paradigm: What we can expect to hear about in the future

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GUEST OBSERVATION
The Pilbara has had a remarkable boom in recent years, but with the current slowdown comes questions about its long-term future. The need to diversify the local economy is obvious, but how do you do this? In our report, <a href="https://www.pilbara2050.net" target="_blank">Pilbara 2050</a>, we have explored how networked infrastructure could help in this transition.
The Pilbara’s energy generation, transmission and rail systems are operated separately by mining, petroleum and energy companies on a combination of gas and diesel with very little grid present. The result is high costs and carbon emissions. Connecting the existing power infrastructure into a grid would not only make a more resilient system, but it would enable electrifying of the railroads and mining pits which would reduce everybody’s operating costs and massively reduce carbon emissions.
Agriculture is emerging as a viable alternative to the region’s mineral resources, now that much more water has been found. But the fundamental question remains: where will power come from and how will bulk goods be transported? Renewable energy has a big future in the Pilbara as the area has the highest concentration of solar radiation on earth. Diesel could be replaced with renewable energy at a much lower cost. It would also create the pre-conditions for other more energy intensive industries to establish themselves. Without it, they will likely choose other regions to set up shop.
Attracting new businesses requires a lower cost base
A study by Regional Development Australia found the cost of doing business in the Pilbara is <a href="https://www.rdapilbara.org.au/resources/site1/General/Publication%20Reports/RDA%20Business%20in%20Pilbara_SinglePages.pdf">40% more expensive</a> than Perth and even higher when compared against other parts of Australia. Much of this cost is due to a premium placed on the price per kilowatt hour of electricity from more expensive inputs. It would seem sensible to try and find mutually beneficial solutions like the completion of power grids and shared rail systems to lower the costs of operating in the region.
These ideas are not new, but historically mining and petroleum companies prefer to just look after their own power and rail systems. This week, former Western Australian Labor MP <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/comment/larry-graham-whos-responsible-for-the-pilbaras-future-20140524-zrn60">Larry Graham</a> said “private companies that built and own the railways will not, and should not, put their vital lifelines under someone else’s control”.
This raises important philosophical questions: do governments have the requisite capabilities to manage the infrastructure issue? And to what extent is competition affected by creating integrated networks?
For answers, we have looked at other international locations that have faced a similar predicament and either through government intervention or market-based decision making, have worked to link common networks to the benefit of all.
Network options
<ul>
<li>State sharing</li>
</ul>
The <a href="https://www.mosi.org.uk/media/33871840/electricityinbritain.pdf">Central Electricity Board</a> was established in 1926 in the UK to standardise the nation’s electricity supply. Until then, the industry consisted of more than 600 electricity supply companies and different areas operated at different voltages and frequencies. The Board established the UK’s first synchronised AC grid, which by 1933 covered most of England. In 1938, this started operating as a national system called the National Grid. The Board was dismantled when the grid was nationalised in 1947.
<ul>
<li>Private integrated</li>
</ul>
In the airline industry, a <a href="https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Codeshare_agreement">codeshare agreement</a> is an arrangement where two or more airlines which compete for the same markets, form a strategic alliance to share the same network routes. A ticket can be purchased from either carrier, but the flight itself is actually operated and managed by only one of the participating airlines. Under such agreements, costs are shared between the carriers who might otherwise struggle to make the flight route economically viable on their own.
<ul>
<li>Private and government integrated</li>
</ul>
The London Underground <a href="https://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/culture-and-heritage/londons-transport-a-history/london-underground?intcmp=2777">opened in 1863</a> and was the world’s first networked train passenger system. It was originally built by private enterprise but nationalised in 1948 and since then has been run under a combination of private and public partnerships.
In the UK, various aspects of the mobile networks are shared, including with the government. In Australia, for example <a href="https://www.afr.com/p/business/companies/vodafone_forces_re_jig_of_mobile_GMUpTHI0VUgg4KpluxTLfK">Optus and Vodafone</a> share mobile towers and network coverage to provide better services at a lower cost to customers. Since 1991, cash ATMs are another example of privately shared networks.
<ul>
<li>Shared value approach</li>
</ul>
In Canada, the oil sands industry has historically operated with separate parallel entities, ignoring the cumulative environmental impacts of their activities, resisting further environmental legislation and the need to talk to one another. But an approach called <a href="https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value">Shared Value</a> developed by Harvard professors Mark Kramer and Michael Porter, resulted in <a href="https://www.cosia.ca/">Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance</a> being established, in which major companies have <a href="https://business.financialpost.com/2014/03/07/a-joint-venture-with-capp-canadas-oil-sands-innovation-alliance-collaboration-for-the-environment/?__lsa=e6a8-390d">shared</a> more than 560 technologies worth a total of US$900 million.
This article continues on next page. Please click below.
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Getting the public/private balance right
The argument that private companies would - and should not - cede control over access to critical infrastructure is not borne out in these case studies. Despite often cited business concerns around the loss of control and risks to business continuity, evidence suggests that in fact integrated public planning can be extremely cost effective and everybody is a winner.
There can be big benefits for all when you get a proper network going. In the Pilbara, the private sector hasn’t been good at that. Until now, there has been a reluctance to push ahead with utilising the existing electricity transmission infrastructure to create an interconnected grid. The <a href="https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/comp/focomp21sep12.htm">outcome of legal attempts</a> for greater rail sharing has often seen the requirement for sharing lessened.
Graham also argues that governments have an “inability to operate effectively”. The Pilbara Development Commission and <a href="https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/was-17-billion-question-can-pilbara-cities-become-reality/story-fnhocxo3-1226857364273">Pilbara Cities</a> has shown government has plugged a great deal of the infrastructure deficit in the Pilbara created from the commodities boom.
At the heart of this debate is whether the private or public sector can deliver best. Governments and business can and do work together well. The biggest functioning networks are always built by an integrated state.
With the right philosophical basis, West Australian problems could be addressed holistically. In the Pilbara, without the creation of mutual networks and benefits of scale, the economic diversification prize will remain illusive.
Jemma Green is senior research fellow at Curtin University.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/27076/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="line-height: 1.3em;"> Peter Newman is professor of sustainability at Curtin University.
Peter Newman and Jemma Green received funding from Dampier Port Authority for the Pilbara 2050 Report
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.
Photo courtesy of Wikimedia.
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As slowdown looms, Pilbara will need networks to thrive

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Over the past week or so there’s been no shortage of comment on the federal budget. It’s sure to be an ongoing discussion and I would like to look at a few less publicised topics that went under the radar.
The first concerns the search for a new Secretary for the NSW Department of Planning and Environment and whoever this person might end up being, it’s a position we should all be interested in.
Currently the state government’s planning reforms are treading water, and progress which is vital to the development industry is in the hands of the new look cabinet and in particular with the new Planning Minister Pru Goward. Labelled as the biggest shake-up of planning in more than 30 years, the planning overhaul has been in limbo since November 2013.
Under the previous Planning Minister Brad Hazzard, plans remained deadlocked including the key aim of a new fast-tracked development pathway. However there are community and industry concerns about the planning reforms and so the new Secretary and Ms Goward will face a few hurdles.
This newly created position was one of the first steps taken by the Minister and brings together the functions of planning, environment, heritage and local government and as noted in the recruitment advertising calls for candidates able to shape the future of planning and the environment in the state. For many years planning delays and red tape have been seen as holding back the development industry. While according to Meriton’s boss Harry Triguboff, affordability has also been impacted making it harder for first time buyers and inflating prices.
There are many reasons why this role will be keenly watched after applications close on 8 June.
Building Products On The Up
On a related but somewhat different path, only one day after the federal budget was announced a statement from CSR announced a full year net profit of $72.0 million, up a very impressive 143% with a statutory net profit of $88.1 million.
CSR noted that building products earnings increased by 20% with growth across most businesses, and that building approvals for both detached and multi-residential housing continue to grow strongly.  According to CSR this trend is expected to lead to increased demand over the next few years as multi-residential projects near completion and in another positive sign for the industry CSR also notes a solid pipeline of transactions currently under negotiation.
In February, Boral Limited also announced another healthy result with a 73% increase in net profit for the six months ended 31 December 2013. The Building Products division’s significant turnaround was in part due to the tailwind of improving housing construction demand in New South Wales and Western Australia.
The results from CSR and Boral do indicate that a move to see stronger development activity is now starting to take hold. The trend is further underlined by the ASX Materials Index which has increased by 8.34% in the last 12 months, while the related Industries Index has also increased by 9.45% over 12 months.
These figures are important as they point to how successfully we are moving from the resources construction boom. While the Resources Index rose 8.16% over the last 12 months the three-year trend is down 9.11%.
Planning Needs to Get in to Step
The pending appointment of a new planning and environment supremo for NSW and the need for new planning laws to be sorted out, may appear to be some distance from either of the boardrooms of CSR or Boral. However these two news items are linked because they point to the continued transformation of the national economy.
And while I have avoided direct comment on the federal budget, its strong infrastructure focus will no doubt impact CSR, Boral and similar companies and our future new department secretary as well. In a wider context new residential developments will soon come into the picture as planning rules for NSW are re-visited and as the construction sector benefits from strong infrastructure spending.
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The property topics that have flown under the radar

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Consumer attitudes towards the housing market took a tumble in the latest Westpac Melbourne Institute Index of Consumer Sentiment.
The index tracking assessments of ‘whether now is a good time to buy a dwelling' fell by 6% to its lowest level since November 2010, when the Reserve Bank had been lifting interest rates.
It is now 25% off its highs of September last year. 
Westpac chief economist Bill Evans says it was unlikely to be solely a response driven by the recent federal budget. 
"Respondents have been lowering their confidence levels for some months. 
"Between September last year and April the Index had already fallen by 20%.
The confidence around housing is particularly fragile in the major states with the index being down by around 30% from September’s highs in both NSW and Victoria. 
"Concerns over high prices and limited affordability are likely to be the key reasons behind these trend," the report said.
The overall Westpac Australian consumer sentiment fell sharply in May, posting its lowest level since August 2011 following the government's budget.
The survey of 1,200 people showed the pessimists exceed optimists.
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Now is not a good time to buy a Sydney or Melbourne home: Westpac confidence index

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Ratings agency Standard &amp; Poor’s has warned Australia’s AAA credit rating is at risk unless substantial cuts are made to the budget.
Lead sovereign analyst for S&amp;P, Craig Michaels, told the <a href="https://www.afr.com/p/national/australia_aaa_credit_rating_at_risk_5qqhkQyjknWnUmQ6RXwPLK">Australian Financial Review</a> the agency was looking to see the government improve budget performance over the next few years.
If it looked as though “sizeable budget deficits were considered acceptable at the political and the community level then we might reassess, certainly, government commitment and also potentially the trajectory for public sector debt”, Michaels told the newspaper.
Despite this warning, a spokesperson for S&amp;P said the ratings agency currently has a stable outlook on Australia’s AAA rating. 
“Which effectively means there's less than a one in three chance of a rating change in the next two years,” the spokesperson says.
We asked three economists, Shane Oliver from AMP Capital, Warren Hogan from ANZ and Alan Oster from the NAB, whether Australia’s credit rating is really at risk.
Also asked was <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/32623-standard-poors-faces-us-court-over-credit-ratings">whether credit ratings even matter</a> in light of a string of recent court cases against the ratings agency in which S&amp;P’s lawyers argued claims to its ratings being “independent”, “objective” and “free of conflicts of interests” are just marketing “puffery” anyway that “reasonable investors” shouldn’t rely on.
Is Australia’s AAA credit rating really at risk?
Oliver: “It’s not particularly surprising [S&amp;P] would say this. It’s always an issue for Australia as we have relatively strong fundamentals but that doesn’t mean we are not vulnerable.”
Oliver says S&amp;P’s warning “partly supports the government’s line of reasoning that we have to keep the budget under control” but the question is how this is done.
Oster: “Really what [S&amp;P] are saying is there is less than a one in three chance they will change [the rating] if the budget doesn’t get through.”
“Those comments are looking a little bit political,” he says.
Hogan: “The important point is the Australian government can lose its AAA rating more quickly than other governments and the reason for that is we have a lot of leverage in our economy outside of government as we have very high household debt and very high foreign debt.”
Hogan says because of this even though Australia’s debt is only projected to go to 15%, if it did reach 30%, Australia would be under some pressure even though countries like Germany have debt levels of 100%. 
“I think what S&amp;P is getting at is it would become worried if the government puts forward a budget repair program that is blocked, it would see that as a material impediment to improving Australia’s financial system,” he says.   
Does it matter if Australia loses it’s AAA rating?
Oliver: “Cynics might argue they often just reflect current conditions anyway, but by the same token they are reflecting valid concerns which are out there.
“One might question the role the ratings agencies played in facilitating the bubble in and around the US sub prime mortgages.”
“But I would say we would ignore it at our peril, all S&amp;P is really saying is common sense.”
Oliver warns Australia could be at risk of going down the path of European countries where debt levels spiral out of control.
“We shouldn’t care so much about the rating, it is more about the consequences that flow from escalating debt levels,” he says.
“It would be wrong of Australians to just shoot the messenger and say ‘It’s just S&amp;P what do they know, they got sued by the US government’.”
Oster: “It matters in terms of psychology.”
“This is not one of the ratings agencies finest hours. They have a track record of making sensational comments.  If Australia’s net debt is a problem then there aren’t any AAA countries in the world.” 
Hogan: “Right now a downgrade would be unlikely to have a material impact on the cost of finance for the government and that is really the main channel credit ratings impact.
“Right now it isn’t a problem, but that doesn’t mean it won’t become one as Australia is a very small economy and highly integrated into the world economy. 
“To not have a AAA rating could make Australia a riskier proposition should the international situation change.”
This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/" target="_blank">SmartCompany</a>.
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