An entity directed by HSN's Rafi Assouline and Rebel Property's Allen Linz has filed plans for an impressive new precinct in Woolloomooloo.

The major mixed-use development would transform a prominent William Street site into a new residential village anchored by affordable housing and a large public park.

The proposal, submitted as a State Significant Development Application, covers 164-172 and 174-194 William Street, a 6,398 sqm site between Forbes Street and Dowling Street on the southern edge of Woolloomooloo.

Designed by fjcstudio in collaboration with Bangawarra, Studio Bright and Tribe Studio Architects, the scheme would deliver 227 apartments across four residential buildings ranging in height up to 18 storeys, alongside retail space, public domain improvements and a new publicly accessible park.

<img alt="Rebel" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0eb59b7c-914a-4a5c-b849-3a56749f5e93" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-06-12%20at%2011.18.51%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=mxM6EEqeoLjrCiTlCzTKTvzpKuh6kSkH" />

It's another design scheme for Rebel, who took <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-rebel-property-group-takes-woolloomooloo-precinct-to-nsw-government">concept plans to the NSW Gov late last year</a>.

The latest plans will be a mix of 167 build-to-sell apartments and 60 affordable apartments, with the affordable housing component representing 15 per cent of the project's gross floor area. The apartment mix includes 12 one-bedroom, 53 two-bedroom, 89 three-bedroom apartments and 13 penthouses, while the affordable housing component would comprise 42 one-bedroom and 18 two-bedroom apartments.

<img alt="Rebel" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="3b3d4553-8a8c-4af5-aa8c-519ffb1e28c6" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-06-12%20at%2011.20.12%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=_Yb6ibN7eDnOtQjCNDK2eviORa4qzgv." />

Rebel Property is seeking to take advantage of the NSW Government's infill affordable housing bonus provisions under the Housing SEPP, which provide additional floor space and height in exchange for the delivery of affordable housing for a minimum of 15 years. The planning pathway allows a 30 per cent increase in floor space ratio and building height where 15 per cent of the development is dedicated to affordable housing.

&nbsp;

At the centre of the development is a 1,356 sqm sunlit public park designed to become a new community gathering space at the gateway to Woolloomooloo. The park would be complemented by a network of pedestrian laneways connecting William Street with the surrounding streets, improving permeability through what is currently a largely impermeable block.

<img alt="Rebel" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="257af931-a393-4007-8c6d-7219796df58d" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-06-12%20at%2011.20.51%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=KAHy94GrhaReFsWTGDKfy39EDJ8gEEv4" />

The design team says the public domain has been heavily influenced by the site's topography and Aboriginal cultural heritage, drawing on the escarpments, gullies and landscape characteristics that historically defined the area before urbanisation. The landscape design has been developed in partnership with First Nations consultancy Bangawarra.

The project would be delivered across four separate buildings. The William Street East and William Street West buildings, designed by fjcstudio, would contain the majority of the apartments. Melbourne-based Studio Bright has designed the Forbes Street building, while Tribe Studio Architects is responsible for the Dowling Street building.

Rebel had secured approval for the concept plans late last year.

Joel Robinson

First look: HSN, Rebel, advances Woolloomooloo precinct plans

A locally heritage-listed furniture showroom on Water Street is set to become the centrepiece of a new mixed-use residential development as local developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/keylin-group">Keylin</a> seeks approval for <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/lotus-on-water-street-290-water-street-fortitude-valley-qld-4006">Lotus on Water Street</a>, a 15-storey project on the Fortitude Valley side of Spring Hill.

The proposal spans 290 Water Street and 137-141 Warry Street, combining several properties into a 2,869 sqm site that sits between Fortitude Valley, Spring Hill and the rapidly evolving Victoria Park precinct. Keylin's plans would deliver 132 apartments alongside new retail, hospitality and commercial space, while retaining and repurposing the historic Brunswick Home Furnishers Showroom that fronts Water Street.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/jackson-teece">Jackson Teece</a>, Lotus on Water Street comprises a 12-storey residential tower rising above a three-storey podium and communal rooftop terrace. The development includes 76 apartments classified as multiple dwellings and a further 56 units proposed as short-term accommodation, designed to be flexibly used as either accommodation or permanent residences. The apartment mix comprises six one-bedroom, 54 two-bedroom and 16 three-bedroom homes.

<img alt="First look: Keylin unveils heritage-led Lotus on Water Street tower in Fortitude Valley" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9822bb79-6c49-49c9-95ba-319e8c8d81c3" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/fortitude%20valley%20front.png?VersionId=ioW8zbN4UVebbLetTFuv92t.HkdgfR5e" />

Residents would have access to an extensive rooftop recreation level spanning more than 1,200 sqm of communal open space. Plans include a pool, gym, sauna, infrared sauna, yoga area, library, private dining room, barbecue facilities and landscaped entertainment spaces, making the rooftop the project's largest shared amenity offering.

At street level, the proposal focuses on the adaptive reuse of the heritage buildings along Water Street, where 518 sqm of retail and commercial space is planned across shop, office and food and drink outlet uses. A permeable residential lobby would be positioned between the retained heritage buildings, creating a pedestrian connection between the historic streetscape and the new tower behind.

<img alt="First look: Keylin unveils heritage-led Lotus on Water Street tower in Fortitude Valley" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="269cf3e0-7d13-48bf-a318-05a00deb5c10" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/fortitude%20valley%20podium.png?VersionId=DLXmTCLsp6GOcLpQ0h.0z7wKCw59EhN_" />

The heritage retention strategy is central to the scheme. The development application notes that the Brunswick Home Furnishers Showroom and adjoining heritage buildings will remain, with only non-significant structures on the site earmarked for removal under a previously issued Heritage Exemption Certificate. Levels one and two of the new podium are recessed behind the heritage façades to maintain their prominence within the streetscape.

Jackson Teece has drawn inspiration from the site's manufacturing history when designing the podium. The planning documents state that the façade incorporates perforated metal screening that references the woven and rattan furniture historically produced on the site. Cascading and climbing plants are integrated throughout the podium to soften the building's presentation and screen parking levels behind. The landscape strategy also informs the project's name, Lotus on Water Street, drawing on the historic Spring Hollow waterholes that once ran through Spring Hill and the blue water lilies associated with Meeanjin, Brisbane's traditional name.

The proposal also incorporates the neighbouring property at 141 Warry Street, currently occupied by a healthcare service. The existing building would remain, with nine dedicated parking spaces allocated within the new development to support its ongoing operation. In total, Lotus on Water Street proposes 117 car spaces, including 110 resident spaces and seven visitor bays, alongside 100 bicycle spaces.

<img alt="First look: Keylin unveils heritage-led Lotus on Water Street tower in Fortitude Valley" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="70cf07bc-4fd8-4e70-92dd-be8b21c4e4f0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/fortitude%20valley%20site.png?VersionId=txlxrJImM0Sm_vTzHVKh5DDUkyL_CiiA" />

The site sits within the Spring Hill East Precinct of the Spring Hill Neighbourhood Plan and is positioned around 650 metres from both Fortitude Valley Station and Exhibition Station. It is also within walking distance of the King Street precinct, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston Quarter and Victoria Park, which is earmarked to become a major venue precinct ahead of the Brisbane 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Planning documents describe the location as a key gateway between Spring Hill and Fortitude Valley and highlight the area's increasing importance as new transport infrastructure and Olympic-related investment reshape Brisbane's inner north. The development team argues the project will contribute additional housing supply while activating a section of Water Street that has historically received less investment than other parts of the Valley.

Keylin has become increasingly active across Brisbane and southeast Queensland, assembling sites in strategic inner-city locations. They are currently selling and delivering <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/oria-spring-hill-447-gregory-terrace-spring-hill-qld-4000">Oria Spring Hill</a>, just over 140 apartments due for completion in 2027.

Keylin plans heritage-led Lotus on Water Street apartment development in Fortitude Valley

Roseville is poised for a wave of new apartment development following the NSW Government's rezoning of land around Roseville Station under its Transport Oriented Development program.

The new planning controls have unlocked significant development potential within walking distance of the station, with a number of sites expected to be amalgamated and redeveloped in the coming years as developers seek to take advantage of the increased density allowances.

One of the more restrained developments in the precinct, and set among the first to be delivered having commenced well before the recent changes, is Hyecorp's Juliet. The boutique apartment project is already well under construction and remains on track to welcome residents by the end of the year, offering a markedly different proposition to many of the larger-scale developments now likely to emerge across the suburb.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7395 project_image_fid=278194]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/juliet-roseville-64-pacific-highway-roseville-nsw-2069">Juliet</a> will comprise just&nbsp;34 one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments opposite Roseville Station. For Hyecorp, which has delivered projects across Sydney's Lower North Shore for more than three decades, Roseville presented a rare opportunity to address a growing gap in the market.

"<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/roseville-nsw-2069">Roseville</a> has long been one of the North Shore's most tightly held and desirable suburbs, offering a unique combination of village charm, established greenery, excellent transport connections, and proximity to some of Sydney's best schools and lifestyle amenities," Hyecorp said.

"We recognised a growing demand from local homeowners seeking to downsize without leaving the community they have built their lives around. The location presented a rare opportunity to create homes that cater specifically to that buyer profile."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7395 project_image_fid=278196]

The six-level development has been designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/pbd-architects">PBD Architects</a> as a collection of residences that feel more like homes than apartments. The brief centred generous floorplans, abundant natural light, quality finishes, and strong connections to outdoor space.

PBD Architects drew inspiration from Roseville's established garden suburb character, creating a building that sits comfortably within its surroundings rather than dominating them. The architecture incorporates natural materials, soft forms, layered landscaping, expansive balconies, and generous setbacks to strengthen the connection between residents and the suburb's leafy environment.

"The focus was on designing spacious, house-like residences for discerning owner-occupiers and downsizers who wanted to remain on the North Shore without compromising on comfort, privacy, or design," PBD said.&nbsp;

"Every apartment was to feel considered, timeless, and highly functional."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7395 project_image_fid=278195]

Inside, residences feature engineered timber flooring, stone kitchen benchtops and splashbacks, integrated Fisher &amp; Paykel appliances, ducted air conditioning, and large outdoor entertaining areas designed to take advantage of district and treetop views.

Residents will also have access to a rooftop barbecue and lounge area, alongside practical amenities including parcel lockers, EV charging capability, bicycle storage, a dog wash bay, and a basement car wash facility.

The majority of purchasers so far have been local owner-occupiers from Roseville, Lindfield, Chatswood, Killara, and the broader Upper North Shore, many of whom are transitioning from larger family homes.

"Buyers are looking for spacious, house-like apartments that allow them to downsize without feeling like they are sacrificing comfort or functionality," Hyecorp noted.

"They value large kitchens, generous living areas, ample storage, quality finishes, secure parking, lift access, and low-maintenance living."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7395 project_image_fid=278204]

Juliet sits directly opposite Roseville Train Station and within walking distance of Roseville Village, while Chatswood's retail and dining precinct is only minutes away. The development is also surrounded by some of Sydney's most established schools, including Roseville College, Ravenswood, Pymble Ladies' College, and Knox Grammar, as well as nearby parklands and golf courses.

Juliet is currently more than 75 per cent sold ahead of its anticipated completion in late 2026.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=7395]

Juliet to sit quietly amid Roseville apartment boom

Sherpa Property Group has unveiled the third instalment of its Flourish series, securing full approval for the two-tower, $500 million Flourish Soleira development in Palm Beach.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flourish-soleira-1150-1154-gold-coast-highway-palm-beach-qld-4221">Flourish Soleira</a> will rise from a prominent site in the commercial heart of Palm Beach, the long-time home of Cash Converters and a range of local retailers.

The project will introduce a new retail and dining precinct at ground level, beneath 286 apartments.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=370959]

“We’re very committed to not only providing affordable residential offerings that are much needed in Palm Beach, but also delivering a vibrant new commercial heart that complements the extraordinary growth of the southern Gold Coast,” Sherpa Property Group founder Christie Leet said.

The development will sit under Sherpa's Flourish brand, which is aimed at providing a pathway into the beachside suburb for locals, first-home buyers and downsizers. In a move designed to assist first-home buyers entering the market, Sherpa has reserved all one and two-bedroom, one-bathroom apartments exclusively for eligible first-home buyers.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=370964]

“Our vision through Flourish is to create a vibrant retail and lifestyle focal point within the Palm Beach centre zone, delivering thriving communities underpinned by lifestyle-rich locations,” Leet said.

“So far, Flourish has been an incredible success, and we hope to carry this momentum as we progress the next two Flourish projects in Palm Beach.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=371430]

Located across 1150-1164 Gold Coast Highway and 3 Sixth Avenue, the development will comprise two towers. The northern tower will deliver 154 apartments, while the southern tower will add a further 132 residences, helping address ongoing demand for new apartments in the tightly held coastal suburb.

Flourish Soleira will also feature the most extensive rooftop amenity offering ever delivered in Palm Beach.

The two towers will be connected by a skybridge, with residents gaining access to a rooftop recreation deck featuring a full-width swimming pool, hot and cold plunge pools, wellness spaces, a gymnasium, private dining facilities, massage treatment rooms, barbecue areas, a basketball court, golf simulator, indoor and outdoor dining spaces, sun lounges and extensive landscaping.

LPS Group is expected to start construction later this year.

Sherpa is already well advanced on construction of its debut Flourish project, Flourish Amargo, located just around the corner from Soleira. Meanwhile, Flourish Oasis, positioned opposite Amargo, recently commenced construction and has nearly sold out its collection of 47 apartments.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=150017]

Sherpa unveils $500m mixed-use Palm Beach precinct, Flourish Soleira

Are mortgage holders set to get a reprieve from the RBA in 2026?

Big Four bank NAB believes so. They are now expecting the next move from the RBA to be a cut, rather than a hike, which they had pencilled in for August. They are unsure of the timing of the cut however, they note in their latest&nbsp;NAB Economics RBA Watch.

NAB Chief Economist, Dr Sally Auld, said recent data suggests the economy has lost momentum and the outlook for rates has shifted, noting that the broader economic backdrop has changed since earlier in the year.

“The next move in the cash rate is likely to be down, but the timing is uncertain," Dr Auld said.

"In February, growth was above trend, the economy was operating above capacity and there was uncertainty over the restrictiveness of rates. None of these conditions exist today,” she outlined.

Dr Auld said recent data pointed to softer momentum across the economy while acknowledging that at the same time, uncertainty remains a key feature of the outlook.

“Both Q1 GDP data and the NAB business survey suggest momentum in the economy has slowed, meaning that growth has likely peaked for the cycle. That said, we are cognisant there is still considerable uncertainty around the outlook, both with respect to activity and inflation.”

Dr Auld said inflation risks and labour market outcomes would be important to watch.

“On the prices side, we are still forecasting above target core inflation through to mid-2027. Margins will compress and weaker labour market outcomes are a risk.”

She said tighter financial conditions are expected to weigh on housing and activity.

“Tighter financial conditions will be reflected in a slowing in house price growth and housing credit growth. In summary, we have greater conviction that the next move in rates is down, but less conviction on the timing.”

Mortgage relief? NAB forecasts RBA rate cut, not hike, after softer economic conditions

Banks

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ASIC has released a report setting out the details of the changes made by the big four banks to remove unfair terms from their small business loan contracts of up to $1 million.
The report, Unfair contract terms and small business loans  provides more detailed guidance to bank and non-bank lenders about compliance with the unfair contract terms laws as they relate to small business.
The report follows the announcement in August 2017 that the big four banks had committed to improving terms of their small business loans following work with ASIC and the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman.
ASIC Deputy Chair Peter Kell said the UCT report provides further guidance to help banks and other lenders ensure that their small business loans are fair, and do not breach the rules prohibiting unfair contract terms.
The report:
<ul>
<li>Identifies the types of terms in loan contracts that raise concerns under the law</li>
<li>Provides details about the specific changes that have been made by the banks to ensure compliance with the law</li>
<li>Provides general guidance to lenders with small business borrowers to help them assess whether loan contracts meet the requirements under the unfair contract terms law</li>
</ul>
"ASIC will review small business lending contracts across the market.
"There are no excuses for failure to comply with the UCT laws, and we will consider all regulatory options available to us if we identify lenders whose unfair contracts break the law."
ASIC will monitor the four banks' use of the clauses to ensure they are not applied or relied on in an unfair way.
ASIC and ASBFEO will continue work together to ensure small business loan contracts comply with the unfair contract terms law.
Unfair contract terms protections were extended to small business from 12 November 2016.
Small business loans are defined as loans of up to $1 million that are provided in standard form contracts to small businesses employing fewer than 20 staff are covered by the legal protections.
In August 2017, ASIC and the ASBFEO welcomed the changes to small business loan contracts by the big four banks that have:
<ul>
<li>Ensured that the contract does not contain ‘entire agreement clauses’ which prevent a small business borrower from relying on statements by bank officers (e.g. about how bank discretions will be exercised)</li>
<li>Limited the operation of broad indemnification clauses</li>
<li>Addressed concerns about event of default clauses, including ‘material adverse change’ events of default and specific events of non-monetary default (e.g. misrepresentations by the borrower)</li>
<li>Limited the circumstances in which financial indicator covenants will be used in small business loans and when breach of a covenant will be considered an event of default</li>
<li>Limited their ability to unilaterally vary contracts to specific circumstances with appropriate advance notice.</li>
</ul>
 
 
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

ASIC reports on changes to small business loan contracts by big four banks 

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Banana growers in north Queensland affected by Panama disease are encouraged to contact their bank to access a range of hardship measures on offer. 
Australian Banking Association CEO Anna Bligh said banks understood the challenges facing growers in the region because of the new outbreak of the disease and were on hand to help. 
“This is a challenging time for banana growers in north Queensland who are contending with the effects of the Panama disease or the threat of it,” Ms Bligh said.
“An outbreak, or threat of outbreak, can have a significant impact on income and cashflow, causing heavy financial strain on farmers. 
“We strongly encourage farmers who are concerned about their financial situation to contact their bank as early as possible to access the many forms of assistance available.
“Banks understand that agriculture can be heavily impacted by weather and seasons therefore can be flexible where needed to help customers in need,” she said.
Over the past few months Australia’s major banks have met with representatives from the Queensland Government and the banana industry about the effects of Panama disease.
The type of assistance offered will depend on individual circumstances, but may include a deferral of scheduled loan repayments, waiving fees and charges, interest free periods or no interest rate increases; and debt consolidation to help make repayments more manageable.
Find out the contact details of your bank’s financial hardship team <a id="m_2170294376519089879LPlnk518030" href="https://www.ausbanking.org.au/images/uploads/ArticleDocuments/206/Banks%20hardship%20contacts%20Jan%202016.pdf" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&amp;q=https://www.ausbanking.org.au/images/uploads/ArticleDocuments/206/Banks%2520hardship%2520contacts%2520Jan%25202016.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1519947570499000&amp;usg=AFQjCNH89cc-F2BIrugqnxfiqrn0N6B11g">here</a>.  
 
 
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Support from banks for Panama disease affected banana growers

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GUEST OBSERVER
There’s more than 30 years of research showing financial consumers have behavioural biases that can lead to poor decisions. Financial providers and banks have known this too, and have designed some products to take advantage of consumer habits rather than benefit them.
Legislation soon to be introduced to parliament is intended to curb these practices, but credit products are being left out to consumer detriment.
Regulators have relied on two strategies to help consumers with this problem. Disclosure of the nature and prospects of the products providers offer. Also, encouraging consumers to seek financial advice.
Neither of these has worked well. The Financial System Inquiry in 2014 recognised that disclosure hasn’t closed the gap in consumer capability. Worse, the providers of these products may have incentives through remuneration which may not serve the customer’s interest and only about 25% of financial consumers seek advice.
The Productivity Commission’s report on competition in financial services, illustrates many of these points in arguing for regulation of mortgage brokers. Brokers are supposed to be the customer’s agent to scout for and advise on the best mortgage terms and cost. Instead they are remunerated by mortgage providers (like the banks), take commissions and, according to the Productivity Commission, generally cost more than loans directly from a bank.
Bias in financial decision-making
Consumers are prone to a range of biases which may also impair their financial decisions. For example overconfidence may cause them to ignore new information or hold unrealistic views about how high returns will be.
As we age or as our circumstances change, our tolerance for risk also changes. As we get older our tolerance for risk decreases, while having a higher income increases it. Men are also more risk tolerant than women.
Consumers may also give too much weight to recent events and things they know already and can be unduly influenced by the opinions of friends and family.
This sort of consumer decision-making is no match for providers’ knowledge of financial conditions and product features. Banks and other financial service providers have learned from experience, but most of all their own command of consumer behaviour research.
The latter leaves providers able to design and sell products that benefit from consumers not overcoming mistakes, or at times, exacerbating mistakes.
Helping customers make better choices
In a bill soon to be before the Australian parliament, those selling financial products will have to make a “target market determination”. This records and describes the market for a product (those who would buy it). It must also set out any conditions under which the product must be distributed, for example that it can only be sold with advice.
It’s designed so that financial products meet the needs and financial situation of the people acquiring them.
There are criminal and civil penalty sanctions for failing to make and ensure products are sold in accordance with a determination. Also, for failure to revise and reissue it, if circumstances change.
Twinned with this requirement are new intervention powers for the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). ASIC will be able to make interim rules, effectively prohibiting sales or imposing conditions, if continued sale would result in “significant detriment” to financial consumers.
The purpose of product regulation is clearly to allow ASIC to be more active and reduce over-reliance on ineffective disclosure, conflicted advice and drawn out dispute resolution.
Product regulation is no panacea. This version has a large gap, as credit products (for example credit cards or mortgages) do not require a target market determination. It’s not difficult to read the politics of regulation in this omission. There is also a risk that target market determinations will become pro-forma and add to compliance and not to consumer benefit. Although a description of the target market must be in the advertising, it’s not clear it must be in formal disclosure, so consumers may never read it.
Product intervention powers apply across investment, insurance and credit products but it will never be easy for ASIC to prove the risk of “significant consumer detriment”. Intervention orders also expire in 18 months unless made permanent by parliament.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/91228/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">The regulation of product design and distribution in the spirit of consumer safety has been commonplace (if imperfectly realised) in car, pharmaceuticals and other consumer markets, for decades. There are modest grounds for optimism that in Australia financial product safety might catch on too, but the government needs to include credit products as well.
Dimity Kingsford Smith, Professor of Law, UNSW
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/banks-and-financial-providers-one-step-ahead-of-consumers-who-struggle-with-personal-bias-91228" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Banks and financial providers one step ahead of consumers: Dimity Kingsford Smith

jrobinson-rf4aSBido9

Homes help as banks have three-quarters of their small business lending collateralised: RBA

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Rating agency Moody’s has sounded a caveat for banks in Australian, Canada and Sweden, saying they are increasingly sensitive to economic shocks that could result from a slump in house prices after a more than 16-year surge. 
In the report, "Banking -- Global; Possible house price drop poses some risk for Canadian, Swedish, Australian banks," Moody's Investors Service compares the rise in house prices and household indebtedness. 
Between 2000 and 2016, house prices rose by 144% in Sweden, by 115% in Canada and by 113% in Australia. At the same time, household indebtedness has risen sharply, and mortgages now account for 63% of the banking systems' total loan books in Australia, 48% in Sweden and 39% in Canada. 
“Housing market corrections are often triggered by an economic slowdown, but even when they occur without any economic trigger, the attendant uncertainty can weigh on consumer confidence. This can in turn contribute to a slowdown in economic growth, which if severe enough can increase losses across the full range of banks' loan portfolios,” Moody’s said in the report.
“Between May and September 2017, we took rating actions in all three banking systems to reflect this risk, although lenders in these countries remain among our most highly rated globally.” 
Moody's base case is that house prices will continue to climb in Canada and Australia, albeit at a slower pace over the next 12 to 18 months, whereas preliminary data suggest that the housing market may already be turning in Sweden. 
“If there were a house price correction in any of these countries, the combination of protective features built into their mortgage markets, banks' underwriting practices and full recourse loans would limit mortgage losses,” it said. 
"Nonetheless, banks in these countries are exposed to second order effects," said Louise Lundberg, a Vice President and Senior Credit Officer at Moody's. 
Lundberg elaborated by saying that an economic slowdown that would likely accompany a substantial house price correction would lead to higher losses on consumer loans, commercial real estate loans, and loans to consumer-exposed corporates.
In most scenarios, Moody's said it expects banks in these three countries to be able to absorb any loan losses through their earnings. 
“Any impact on their capital levels, which we currently assess as strong to adequate, would likely be limited,” it said. 
Assuming unchanged earnings (although these would likely be negatively impacted in a stressed scenario), loan losses could increase to 2.2% of gross loans in Canada from 0.4% in 2016, to 1.8% in Australia from 0.2%, and to 1.4% in Sweden from 0.1% before eating into capital. 
In Australia, macroprudential measures recently announced by the regulator will likely constrain credit growth, particularly growth in loans to property investors, who account for around 35% of all new mortgages. These measures, along with more stringent underwriting criteria, are likely to reduce customers' borrowing capacity. Overall, we expect the rate of house price appreciation over the next 12 months to slow. 
Rising house prices have led to a sharp decline in housing affordability in all three countries (see Exhibit 2). 
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/11/21/Exhibit2.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2017/11/21/Exhibit2.png" alt="">
Canadian, Swedish and Australian household debt has also risen strongly (see Exhibit 3). Household leverage is highest in Australia, where it reached 212% of net disposable income in 2015, and has risen further since. This compares with 183% in Sweden and 176% in Canada (2016 data). 
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/11/21/Exhibit3.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2017/11/21/Exhibit3.png" alt="">
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prateek24-ezbwHMbNAk

Australian banks among international lenders exposed to second order housing impact: Moody's

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GUEST OBSERVER
In Australia, ATM use is <a href="https://www.apca.com.au/docs/default-source/decline-of-cheques---milestones/towards-the-digital-economy-milestones-report-(november-2016).pdf" target="_blank">declining</a> by about 5% per year. Plenty of alternatives to getting cash are available, such as supermarket checkouts, and new technologies will only make ATMs more redundant. The question is, where will banks replace the revenue from removing ATM fees?
The RBA has <a href="https://www.commbank.com.au/guidance/newsroom/commonwealth-bank-cuts-atm-withdrawal-fees-201709?ei=card-view" target="_blank">reported</a> that some 250,000 so-called “<a href="https://www.apca.com.au/docs/about-payments/brochure.pdf?sfvrsn=0" target="_blank">foreign</a>” withdrawals are made each year. This is when you withdraw money from an ATM operated by a different bank. But this is less than a drop in the ocean compared to the <a href="https://www.bankers.asn.au/images/uploads/ArticleDocuments/192/ATM%20fact%20sheet_updated%20Jan%202016.pdf" target="_blank">725 million</a> total ATM transactions made in Australia each year.
<h2>New technologies threaten ATMs</h2>
Sometime later this year a couple of new technologies will be launched that further undermine ATMs. The biggest will be <a href="https://www.nppa.com.au/" target="_blank">NPP</a>, short for New Payments Platform. Another is <a href="https://www.bpay.com.au/osko" target="_blank">OSKO</a>, a new payment mechanism from the people who brought you BPAY. Soon people will be asking you if you want to OSKO that!
NPP is a <a href="https://www.apca.com.au/about-payments/future-of-payments/new-payments-platform-phases-1-2" target="_blank">brand-new system</a> that has been built from the ground up to be fast, reliable, flexible and able to handle the high volume of payments needed to operate a modern banking system.
If and when it works, the NPP will change the way that payments are made in Australia. Rather than putting a payment on a credit card or waiting a few days for a payment from another bank to clear, with NPP payments will be cleared in a few minutes or less.
Using NPP, anyone will be able to make an almost instantaneous transfer of funds into the bank of a supplier, such as a plumber (can you OSKO that?). Late at night one party animal will be able to transfer money from his/her account to a friend, in return for some of the folding stuff. With NPP, everyone with a smartphone and spare cash is an ATM.
The technical boffins at NPP have been <a href="https://www.apca.com.au/about-payments/future-of-payments/new-payments-platform-phases-3-4" target="_blank">beavering away</a> for over <a href="https://www.apca.com.au/docs/2014-media-releases/australia-s-leading-financial-institutions-sign-up-to-build-the-new-payments-platform.pdf" target="_blank">four years</a> building the Formula 1 of payment systems. With the help of international experts from the SWIFT organisation (which handles <a href="https://www.swift.com/about-us/swift-fin-traffic-figures" target="_blank">millions of high value payments</a> each day between the world’s largest banks), <a href="https://www.apca.com.au/docs/2014-media-releases/australia-s-leading-financial-institutions-sign-up-to-build-the-new-payments-platform.pdf" target="_blank">support from the Reserve Bank of Australia</a> and money from the biggest Australian banks.
<h2>Replacing ATM revenue</h2>
So where does that leave ATM’s? Apart from possible conduits for <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-11/asic-to-investigate-cba/8796542">money laundering</a>, they are a dying breed in the long term. So in future, how will banks pay for installing, replenishing with banknotes and protecting ATMs against <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/13/ram-raiders-usetelehandler-steal-atm/">ram-raiders</a>? With extra fees elsewhere, of course.
The banks that stumped up the money for NPP do deserve a reasonable return on their investment, which was not without risk. But there are alternatives to levying fees elsewhere to replace ATM revenue.
Following a lead from the government on promoting a more flexible banking system, the RBA and the competition regulator, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) <a href="https://www.afr.com/business/banking-and-finance/financial-services/rba-accc-want-more-competition-in-banking-20170920-gyl5jj">recently asked</a> the Productivity Commission to investigate the <a href="https://theconversation.com/four-pillars-or-four-pillows-bankings-comfy-collective-23297">Four Pillars policy</a> with ACCC chairman, Rod Sims, describing retail banking as being:
- characterised by oligopolies comprising the large banks, who can influence products, prices and other conditions in important markets either alone or together.
The Australian Bankers’ Association <a href="https://www.afr.com/business/banking-and-finance/financial-services/rba-accc-want-more-competition-in-banking-20170920-gyl5jj">demurred</a> of course, saying that they did not:
- believe there are widespread systemic issues in the banking system or regulatory framework that hinder competition. Nor do we believe further regulation is the path to greater competition
So how to stop another round of opaque, predatory pricing? Give the banks what they say they want - competition.
<h2>Creating more competition</h2>
As part of a radical shakeup of banking, the Indian government has recently introduced the concept of <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/all-you-need-to-know-about-payment-banks/article7561353.ece">payment banks</a>, which as the name suggests concentrate almost completely on <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/how-to-make-the-most-of-payments-banks/articleshow/55704502.cms">payments</a>. As such these “banks” do not take deposits nor make loans, and so the need for prudential, as opposed to consumer, regulation is minimal.
It would not be difficult to create such payment banks in Australia. In fact, with companies like Woolworths, Coles and the Australian Post Office, which already have embryonic payments systems in place, we are almost there already. And of course, as initial investors and developers of NPP, the big banks already have a head start on providing payment services.
But how to create a level playing field? One way would be to float the New Payments Platform.
Assuming that the concept will work, as envisaged by the RBA and banks, there should be a market for the shares, especially among super-funds, which would love the long term stable returns from such a key infrastructure. The proceeds from the sale would be returned to the banks that had the foresight to invest and the public, of course, through the RBA.
A new company would set and publish transparent charges for its “wholesale” services, providing a reasonable return for its shareholders. In turn, the “retail” providers, the payment banks, would charge their customers for each payment and the lowest cost providers would set the pace on prices for the industry.
When payment banks are paired with the new “open banking” initiatives, such as those developed <a href="https://theconversation.com/more-lessons-on-fintech-to-come-for-scott-morrison-71715">in the UK</a> and encouraged by the <a href="https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/data-access/report">Productivity Commission</a>, new FinTech (Financial Technology) companies would be able innovate in the payments area and keep costs down.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/84594/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">It looks like one of the most boring areas in banking is about to get a big kick up the pants, and the big banks may not like how it feels.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pat-mcconnell-13137" target="_blank">Pat McConnell</a>, Visiting Fellow, Macquarie University Applied Finance Centre, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/macquarie-university-1174" target="_blank">Macquarie University</a>
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/atm-fees-may-be-gone-but-what-will-replace-them-84594" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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blah-kDyg7eVbfw

ATM fees may be gone but what will replace them?

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GUEST OBSERVER
As expected, the minutes of the monetary policy meeting of the Reserve Bank Board showed that the Bank has been somewhat encouraged by recent developments in the economy.
In particular, conditions in the labour market have continued to improve with employment growth being described as “broadly based across the states”.
Solid employment growth is expected to continue given the current forward indicators in the labour market, although “spare capacity remains”.
On the other hand, the Board continues to be concerned about wages.
Wage growth is described as stable at a low rate, and the forecast is for “growth in wages to remain low for some time, before picking up gradually in response to a strengthening labour market”.
Evidence to support that view is that those industries with stronger employment growth are showing higher wage outcomes.
Another encouraging sign is around non-mining business investment, where forward looking indicators such as capacity utilisation and investment intentions from business surveys suggest a further pick-up.
The Bank is reasonably cautious on this, forecasting that non-mining investment will “strengthen gradually”.
It notes that non-residential investment is also improving although the data from the capex survey still pointed to modest growth at best, with sectors not covered by capex such as education and health looking stronger.
The dark side of the construction cycle centres around residential construction.
The Bank appears to be considerably more optimistic here than Westpac.
It accepts that construction has passed its peak but is still expecting a strong pipeline while continuing to note that “a considerable number of new apartments were scheduled to be completed in the period ahead”.
In the Governor’s statement following this board meeting, he pointed out that conditions in the housing market had eased, notably in Sydney.
The minutes flesh out this point, and in particular note that conditions “had remained strong in Melbourne”.
Overall, the minutes indicate a less comfortable assessment of developments in the housing market than was implied in the statement.
The issue of concern for the Bank is growth in housing debt continuing to outpace income growth.
That summarises why the Bank is most concerned about wages, employment and house price growth.
As with the Governor’s statement, there is no attempt to “jawbone” the Australian dollar.
It is accepted that weakness in the US dollar is a key contributor to AUD strength, but it also noted that the rise in the AUD “was weighing on domestic growth and contributing to subdued inflationary pressure”.
The warning from the minutes in August is repeated, “a further appreciation of the Australian dollar would be expected to result in a slower pick-up in growth and inflation”.
The discussion on international economic conditions once again centres on China.
It appears apparent that the Bank expects growth in the Chinese economy to slow over the course of the next few years, with the key challenge being balancing a commitment to short-term growth targets with the need to address high debt levels.
The implication is that Australia’s commodity prices can be expected to fall over the course of the next few years.
Commentary around the US Federal Reserve has changed somewhat.
In previous minutes, the Board seemed to accept that the Federal Reserve would continue its tightening program.
In these minutes, market pricing is noted to indicate that a rate hike was not expected until the second half of 2018.
Given the Bank’s clear comfort with a lower AUD, this observation might indicate recognition of AUD holding higher for longer than had been anticipated previously.
The minutes are not quite as upbeat as the Governor’s statement indicated.
The improved labour market conditions are recognised but clearly qualified by an expected slow response from wages and ongoing spare capacity.
Improving prospects for non-mining investment are noted, but the peak in the residential construction cycle has been reached, and prospects for non-residential investment are mixed.
The easing of conditions in the housing market, especially in Sydney, are noted, but the qualification that the Melbourne market remains strong is added.
The policy conundrum of rising household debt in an environment of low inflation is emphasised.
While, the commentary notes that financial markets are giving “some expectation of an increase in the cash rate by mid-2018”, there is no signal in these minutes to suggest that the Board sees any urgency around interest rates.
Westpac expects that concerns with weak income growth weighing on consumer spending and eventually the jobs market will dominate the policy debate in 2018.
The sustained application of macro-prudential policies is likely to continue to ease conditions in housing markets precluding any need for the Bank to raise rates next year.
BILL EVANS is chief economist of <a href="https://www.westpac.com.au/" target="_blank">Westpac</a>.
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bevans-rYk9SxEa4r

Housing debt continuing to outpace income growth: Bill Evans

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/82886/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
The view of Australian banks on the risk that mortgage stress poses to our economy and the banks’ own viability is worrying.
Shayne Elliott, CEO of ANZ Bank commented in this week’s Four Corners report:
"The reality is that housing loans are pretty good because they’re quite diverse in terms of lots of relatively small loans across ah across the country."
This view is in contradiction to research from the United States which finds housing markets there are less diversified than previously thought. This means any house price shocks will likely occur simultaneously across the country, causing large cumulative losses to borrowers and banks via mortgage defaults. Australian housing markets are likely to be even more concentrated than in the US because of the population size of Sydney and Melbourne.
Banking regulator the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) has already issued guidelines to the banks on tracking exposure to mortgages and limiting the growth of loans to investors, in particular for interest-only loans. An independent review by Stephen Sedgewick on behalf of the industry also recommended banks stop paying mortgage brokers based on the volume of loans they secure, in an effort to reduce risks. But these steps might not be enough to ensure security.
Australian bank exposure to mortgage risk
Bank losses during the global financial crisis were in large parts driven by borrowers not being able to make their mortgage repayments. After receiving a loan, borrowers may experience income shocks like loss of jobs or demotion and expense shocks like higher petrol prices or interest rates, that affect their ability to service their mortgages.
Australian mortgage contracts are risky for borrowers in international terms. Unlike other countries, Australian banks offer to lend only up to five years at a fixed rate and the majority of loans are at a variable rate. 
This leaves Australian borrowers exposed to interest rate increases. In the past few years, interest rates were lowered as Reserve Bank of Australia economists targeted low inflation rates.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/08/24/RentEarnings.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2017/08/24/RentEarnings.png" alt="">
www.rba.gov.au, Author provided
Interest rates are now close to zero, limiting the ability of the RBA to stimulate economic growth. There’s the possibility the RBA could raise interest rates, causing shocks to mortgage borrowers. My research shows this shock could increase bank losses substantially.
At the moment 23% of consumer expenses are housing related and this number is likely higher for mortgage borrowers and could be growing. Interest rate increases, in combination with the current high debt levels, are therefore likely to increase inflation and trigger further interest increases. 
Dealing with the risk of mortgage stress
Current bank portfolios are not well diversified, if 60% of bank assets are in mortgages. Other loan classes such as commercial real estate loans and small to medium enterprise loans are also often property-backed. 
Bank lending standards need to be more consistent to avoid borrowers shopping around for the lender that offers them the highest loan amount. Lending standards should also consider the concentration of housing income and expenses in a borrower’s portfolio.
Banks should promote fixed rate mortgages. This type of mortgage transfers interest rate risk from borrowers to the banks, that are better placed to manage this risk. This may come at an additional cost but should be small compared to the cost borne by consumers should the housing bubble ever burst. 
There also needs to be more scrutiny of the use of offset accounts and redraw facilities, being used as an offset for outstanding loans. Borrowers often use these funds to purchase additional properties and they may not be available in the case of mortgage default. Instead of promoting offset accounts it may be better to give borrowers a prepayment on their mortgage, but not an option to redraw. Should consumers want to draw down on the equity in their homes, they could then apply for a second mortgage. 
Mortgage brokers should act as independent advisers, a tool for consumer information and bank competition, as smaller lenders in particular rely on mortgage brokers. The Sedgwick report suggested the loan to value ratio of mortgages should be considered when paying mortgage brokers. This would mean that loans with high loan-to-value ratios (where the borrower is more likely to default) would earn a lower fee.
The Sedgwick banking review has been a step in the right direction, but the focus should be on banks rather than mortgage brokers, as it’s ultimately the bank that is in a contract with the consumer. 
Some of this may require a fundamental value change. It’s not likely the Australian appetite for property will change but this means we need to hedge our bets against any risks by improving diversification and the way banks finance mortgages.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/harry-scheule-3573" target="_blank">Harry Scheule</a> is Associate Professor, Finance, UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney and author for <a href="https://theconversation.com/au" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Banks shouldn’t underestimate the risk of concentration in the housing market

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A regional bank has joined the big banks in raising home loan interest rates for investors.
Tasmania-based MyState said it had increased its rates for residential investors by 25 basis points for its variable rate residential investment loan and by 10 bps on its 1, 2, 3 and 5 year fixed residential investment loans
The new rates will be for new and pipeline customers with loans contracted on or after 21 June, according to the Australian Broker.
The bank also announced it was reducing the loan-to-value ratio for residential property investors, capping it at 50 percent.
This will allow MyState to manage its investor portfolio responsibly and is in response to new regulatory requirements, the bank’s head of broker Paul Herbert said in a note sent out to brokers.
The change applies to all new residential investment loans.
Other changes introduced by MyState include additional fees for specific loan applications including a:
• $200 additional valuation fee (charged for each additional security)
• $200 company/trust fee (charged when a borrower is a company or trust or acting as a trustee for a trust)
The fees will affect new lending applications from 28 June and have been brought in to reflect additional cost and time or establishment, Herbert said.
Earlier this week, MyState Bank chief executive Melos Sulicich had said investors were listing their properties on Airbnb because of a lack of hotel accommodation. 
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

Tasmania's MyState raises home loan rates for investors

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/77784/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
In its 2017 federal budget, the Australian government included a 0.06 percent levy on Australia’s biggest five banks: ANZ, the Commonwealth, NAB, Westpac and Macquarie Bank.
The levy will collectively cost the banks A$1.6 billion a year, and by some estimates will raise the overall cost of funding for the affected banks by around 0.03 percent. Many commentators have suggested this cost will be passed directly onto customers.
In an interview on the ABC’s Insiders program, Treasurer Scott Morrison said the banks could absorb the cost of the levy, given the size of their profits.
He said Australia’s large banks have between a 0.2 percent to 0.4 percent advantage because of the way Australia’s regulatory regime works and that Australian banks have a return on equity about twice that of banks in other advanced developed economies.
Is that right?
Checking the source
When asked for sources to support his statement, a spokesperson for Scott Morrison referred The Conversation to evidence presented by the Reserve Bank of Australia to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics at its hearing on September 28, 2016.
In the report, the Reserve Bank included a chart provided below.
The spokesperson added that:
Importantly, the chart doesn’t adjust for M&amp;A [mergers and acquisitions] activity, given NAB’s 2016 sale of Clydesdale brings down average (unadjusted) ROE [return on equity] for Australian banks quite substantially.
Let’s check the facts.
What is the return on equity for Australian banks?
Return on equity, or ROE, is a measure of profit, expressed as a percentage of shareholder equity. It shows how much profit a company generates with the funds invested by its shareholders.
The figure below (from the Reserve Bank’s Financial Stability Review) shows the return on equity of the large banks in Australia was around 15 percent in 2015.
Including the smaller Australian banks, which have about 20 percent of the market, the average return on equity is somewhat lower and more variable than for the big four only, but it is above 12 percent.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/05/19/return%20on%20equity.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2017/05/19/return%20on%20equity.png" width="452" height="425">
A decade ago, Australian bank returns on equity were a few points higher, and not much different from those earned by banks in other developed markets.
However, during the global financial crisis, banks in the US and Europe sustained large losses, leading to negative returns for couple of years. US banks have since recovered somewhat. European and UK banks, however, continue to perform weakly: the returns on equity of large banks in Europe are about 5 percent, compared to about 3 percent in the UK. The ROEs of large Canadian banks have, like those of large Australian banks, remained higher and more stable.
Looking ahead, the Reserve Bank notes that:
Analysts’ expectations are for Australian banks’ [return on equity] to remain on average around 12.5 percent over the next couple of years. While this is high by international standards and appears to be above banks’ cost of equity, it is lower than the returns to which Australian banks and their investors have become accustomed. Do Australia’s biggest banks have an added advantage over smaller rivals?
The treasurer also claimed that “our major banks have about a 20 to 40 basis point [funding cost] advantage because of the nature of the regulation and structure of our financial system”.
Big banks do indeed appear to be able to borrow more cheaply because their lenders expect them to receive government support during crises.
In 2010, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) used a range of approaches to estimate the value of “implicit government support” – such as the bailouts provided to some US banks during the global financial crisis – for banks and other financial institutions in the Group of 20 nations, including Australia.
While the answers from the different approaches varied, the IMF concluded that implicit government support “provides too big to fail financial institutions with a funding benefit between 10 and 50 basis points, with an average of about 20 basis points”.
Here in Australia, the Reserve Bank has concluded that “the major banks have received an unexplained funding advantage over smaller Australian banks of around 20 to 40 basis points on average since 2000”.
Macquarie University researchers James Cummings and Yilian Guo found that the funding cost advantage was about 30 basis points from 2004 to 2013, but has declined to about 16 to 17 basis points since then, in part due to prudential reforms that obliged banks to increase the share of lending contributed by shareholders.
Verdict
Scott Morrison was correct: Australian banks do “have a return on equity which is about twice, if not more than that, what you see particularly in other parts of the advanced developed economies of the world”.
Australian banks currently have higher returns on equity than banks in many other major developed markets. Those returns are about twice as high or more than the returns of the troubled European and UK banks. But returns in Canada are close to the Australian level, and the returns earned by large US banks are only a few points below the Australian level.
The treasurer is also correct to point out that the major banks enjoy a funding cost advantage on the basis of expected government support in financial crises. However, the size of the support is less clear. While IMF and RBA studies are in line with the treasurer’s range, there is some evidence that the funding cost advantage may now be somewhat lower.
Jim Minifie is Productivity Growth Program Director at the Grattan Institute. You can follow him on Twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/jimminifie?lang=en" target="_blank">here</a>. 
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