<p><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/abadeen">Abadeen</a> and <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/perifa">PERIFA</a> have celebrated the topping out of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/putney-wharf-harbourfront-precinct-20-waterview-street-putney-nsw-2112">Putney Wharf,</a> marking a significant milestone in the delivery of one of Syd​ney's most anticipated waterfront communities.</p>

<p>Located on Sydney's harbourfront at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/putney-nsw-2112">Putney</a>, the project has now reached its highest structural point, with construction progressing strongly towards completion in 2027.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
The milestone was celebrated on-site with project partners Phoenix Property Investors, Mitsubishi Estate Asia, Versatile Construction, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/sjb-architects">SJB</a>, consultants and stakeholders, to recognise the collective effort behind the transformation of the historic waterfront site into a vibrant new residential, marina and lifestyle destination.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=13962 project_image_fid=362240]<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/putney-wharf-harbourfront-precinct-20-waterview-street-putney-nsw-2112">Putney Wharf</a> will deliver a mix of waterfront residences and terraces, complemented by a private 36-berth marina, waterfront dining opportunities and a revitalised foreshore designed to reconnect the community with the river's edge.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Abadeen Executive Chairman and Founder Justin Brown said the project represented a rare opportunity to create the next chapter in Sydn​ey's long history of successful waterfront precincts.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
"Throughout Sydney, some of the city's most sought-after addresses have emerged from carefully considered waterfront precincts such as Woolloom​ooloo Wharf, Walsh Bay and Breakfast Point," Brown said.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=13962 project_image_fid=362566]<br />
&nbsp;<br />
"What makes these places so successful is that they become much more than residential developments," Brown said.</p>

<p>"They bring together homes, hospitality, marina facilities, public spaces and a strong sense of community in locations where future supply is incredibly limited."</p>

<p>Brown has long described absolute waterfront land in Sy​dney as "finite."</p>

<p>"Once these opportunities are developed, they are rarely replicated. That's why Syd​ney's waterfront precincts have consistently demonstrated strong demand and long-term value growth over many decades.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
"<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/putney-wharf-harbourfront-precinct-20-waterview-street-putney-nsw-2112">Putney Wharf</a> is one of the few remaining opportunities to secure a residence within a masterplanned waterfront community that combines direct water access, marina ownership opportunities and a genuine village lifestyle just moments from the Sy​dney CBD."</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=13962 project_image_fid=362564]<br />
&nbsp;<br />
PERIFA Founder and Managing Director Fabrizio Perilli said the project reflected a shared commitment to delivering exceptional places that create long-term value for residents and the broader community.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
"The topping out milestone is a significant achievement for the Versatile Group and a testament to the collaboration between all project partners, consultants and contractors involved," Perilli said.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
"Beyond the residences themselves, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/putney-wharf-harbourfront-precinct-20-waterview-street-putney-nsw-2112">Putney Wharf</a> will establish a new waterfront destination that celebrates the history, character and lifestyle of this unique location while creating a lasting legacy for future generations."</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=13962 project_image_fid=291195]<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Construction is being delivered by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/versatile">Versatile Construction</a>, with structural works now substantially complete across the precinct. Attention will progressively shift to the construction of the waterview terraces, apartment façades, services and interior fit-out works over the coming months.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
With limited residences and marina berths remaining, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/putney-wharf-harbourfront-precinct-20-waterview-street-putney-nsw-2112">Putney Wharf</a> continues to attract strong interest from owner occupiers and downsizers seeking a premium waterfront lifestyle within close proximity to Putne​y Village, Rh​odes, Top Ry​de and the Syd​ney CBD.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
As one of the last opportunities to secure a residence within a new masterplanned waterfront community on Sy​dney Harbour, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/putney-wharf-harbourfront-precinct-20-waterview-street-putney-nsw-2112">Putney Wharf</a> is expected to remain a highly sought-after address for years to come.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=13962]</p>


Joel Robinson

Abadeen, PERIFA, top out Putney Wharf harbourfront precinct

<p>Kew has long been regarded as one of Melbourne's premier residential suburbs. It's a location defined by its grand period homes, leafy streets and some of the city's most prestigious schools, yet it has often sat just outside the spotlight cast on neighbouring Hawthorn and Camberwell.</p>

<p>Increasingly, however, buyers are recognising that Kew offers much of what draws people to those suburbs, with a quieter residential setting, exceptional amenity and long-term owner-occupier appeal.</p>

<p>Within a few minutes' walk, residents can access Kew Junction, one of Melbourne's most established village centres. Cafés, bakeries, restaurants, supermarkets, boutique retailers and everyday services are all on the doorstep, with local favourites including Centonove, Adeney Milk Bar Cafe, and Frank &amp; Harri creating the type of walkable lifestyle that has become increasingly difficult to find in Melbourne's inner east. Beyond the immediate neighbourhood, Glenferrie Road's renowned shopping and dining precinct in Hawthorn and the retail, dining and entertainment offerings of Camberwell Junction are both just a short drive or tram ride away.</p>

<p>The suburb is equally well connected. Tram routes 48 and 109 provide direct access to the CBD, while High Street and Cotham Road connect residents to the wider inner east.&nbsp;Nearby access to the Eastern Freeway also places the Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula and Melbourne Airport within easy reach, adding another layer of convenience for weekend travel.&nbsp;It's a rare combination of connectivity and tranquillity, where quiet residential streets sit just moments from some of Melbourne's most established shopping and lifestyle precincts.</p>

<p>For families, Kew remains one of Melbourne's most tightly held addresses. Carey Baptist Grammar School, Xavier College, Methodist Ladies' College, Trinity Grammar, Ruyton Girls' School and Genazzano FCJ College are all nearby, while the Yarra River parklands, walking trails and sporting clubs provide another layer of lifestyle appeal.</p>

<p>It's within this established pocket that developer Ricdanic is delivering <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/wimba-ave-kew-9-11-wimba-avenue-kew-vic-3101">Wimba Ave</a>, a boutique collection of just 13 residences across two buildings named after its location on the tree-lined Wimba Avenue,&nbsp;within one of Kew's most prestigious pockets where homes have been known to sell up to and above $8 million.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=140755 project_image_fid=354809]</p>

<p>The residences prioritise the space that buyers are increasingly searching for but struggling to find in established suburbs. Living areas extend beyond five metres in width, ceiling heights range from three to five metres, and apartments open onto private gardens averaging around 125 sqm. Selected residences also feature balconies of approximately 60 sqm, while premium inclusions include Miele appliances, double-glazed windows, EV readiness, fully electric systems and a 7.2 NatHERS energy rating.</p>

<p>Architect Chris Idle says opportunities to deliver homes of this scale within established suburbs have become increasingly uncommon.</p>

<p>"There are very few opportunities to do these kinds of developments in leafy, established suburbs," he says. "To get this level of amenity, natural light, and architectural freedom in such a setting is extremely rare."</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=140755 project_image_fid=366267]</p>

<p>The architecture draws on Kew's established character through the use of handmade Krause bricks, while landscaping by John Patrick introduces 23 plant species, including nine native varieties, creating an environment which focuses just as much on nature as it does the building.</p>

<p>Construction on Wimba Ave is well underway by renowned high-end builder Sinjen, with completion expected in late 2027. Prices start from $2.22 million.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=140755]</p>


The enduring appeal of Kew's tree-lined streets and village lifestyle

<p>"For me, it's the location." That was the first thing Chris pointed to when reflecting on why he and his wife Marita decided to purchase at Candela Ivanhoe, the under-construction new apartment development by Salter Brothers in the heart of the north-eastern M​elb​ourne​ suburb. ​</p>

<p>"We've lived here before… everything is here," Chris said.</p>

<p>"Our doctor is around the corner, there's dentists, pilates, everything we need, restaurants, fast food places, two train stations, Ivanhoe and Darebin, both in walking distance. You don't need anything else."</p>

<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X8K0Bozug7A?si=Puwc6vx_ZO0qQZF8" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p>

<p>Just 10 kilometres from Melbo​urn​e's CBD, Ivanhoe combines direct city connectivity with the amenity of an established village community. Residents have access to highly regarded schools, expansive parklands, public transport, and a thriving retail and hospitality precinct centred around Upper Heidelberg Road, all within a neighbourhood that has retained its leafy character despite its proximity to the city.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/candela-ivanhoe-40-upper-heidelberg-road-ivanhoe-vic-3079">Candela Ivanhoe</a> sits within the heart of this established landscape, positioned just moments from Ivanhoe Village and within walking distance of many of the suburb's most sought-after amenities.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=342 project_image_fid=364553]</p>

<p>From Candela, residents can access cafés, grocers, wine bars, restaurants and essential services on foot, while Ivanhoe Station and Darebin Station provide direct connectivity across Mel​bour​ne. The development is also surrounded by some of the suburb's best-known lifestyle destinations, including Pinkie, Laurent, Enni, Docasa and Woodfire Pizza e Cucina, alongside Ivanhoe Plaza, Woolworths, pharmacies and specialty retailers.</p>

<p>Green space is another defining feature of the suburb. Darebin Parklands, Ivanhoe Park, Nellie Ibbot Park and the Yarra River trail network provide extensive opportunities for recreation, while Ivanhoe Golf Course and Ivanhoe Tennis Club continue to underpin the area's long-established lifestyle appeal.</p>

<p>The suburb's education offering further strengthens demand. Ivanhoe Grammar School, Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar School, Mary Immaculate Primary School and Ivanhoe Primary School have helped establish the area as one of Melbou​​rne's most sought-after schooling precincts, attracting families and downsizers alike who want to remain connected to the area.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=342 project_image_fid=357510]</p>

<p>While location was the priority for Marita and Chris, the project itself also needed to meet their expectations.</p>

<p>"Whilst location was paramount, I was also looking at design of the environment and Candela ticked every box," Marita said.</p>

<p>"We're just thrilled with our choice."</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=342 project_image_fid=336455]</p>

<p>Developed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/salter-brothers">Salter Brothers</a>, Candela Ivanhoe has been designed to complement its village setting, with an emphasis on generous floorplans, natural light and practical everyday living.</p>

<p>Residents will have access to a range of shared amenities, including a communal rooftop garden and dedicated residential lounge, complemented by a ground-floor café and lifestyle wellbeing centre, helping foster the sense of community already emerging among future owners.</p>

<p>That approach has resonated strongly with the market. More than 90 per cent of purchasers at Candela Ivanhoe are owner-occupiers, with buyers ranging from downsizers and second-home buyers to young families and first home buyers, creating a genuinely multi-generational community of grandparents, parents and children. It reflects a broader shift across Melbo​​urne's apartment market, where buyers are increasingly prioritising neighbourhood quality, lifestyle amenity and long-term liveability.</p>

<p>Currently under construction by Ironside, Candela Ivanhoe comprises 58 apartments. Candela Ivanhoe is scheduled for completion in the coming months, and residents can move in from September. One to four bedroom residences, prices from $649,000 and limited opportunities remaining.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=342]</p>


Location and lifestyle drive demand at Candela Ivanhoe

<p>As apartment buyers increasingly look beyond the four walls of their residence, the quality and depth of shared amenity has become a defining factor in how developments are designed and experienced, particularly in the high-rise, new apartment development space.</p>

<p>In Southbank, where high-density living continues to evolve, developers are placing greater emphasis on creating environments that support wellbeing, connection, and convenience as part of everyday life.</p>

<p>That approach sits at the heart of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/aura-at-melbourne-square-7-hoff-boulevard-southbank-vic-3006">AURA</a>, the latest residential tower in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/osk-property">OSK Property</a>’s $3.5 billion Melbourne Square precinct. Rising 67 storeys above Hoff Boulevard, the 673-apartment development has been conceived around what OSK describes as a “vertical wellness ecosystem”, a layered collection of amenities that extends throughout the building rather than being confined to a single podium level.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=151921 project_image_fid=370263]</p>

<p>The amenity offering begins on the seventh level within the AURA Club, a dedicated resident hub focused on health, relaxation, and daily convenience. Here, residents will have access to an indoor swimming pool, cold plunge, spa, sauna, and steam room, alongside a fully equipped gym, reformer Pilates studio, and yoga room.</p>

<p>The wellness facilities are complemented by a range of spaces that acknowledge the changing ways people live and work. Work-from-home lounges and co-working areas sit alongside a library, music room, games room, cinema facilities, and open-air terrace spaces, providing residents with flexible environments that can adapt throughout the day.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=151921 project_image_fid=367468]</p>

<p>Beyond the internal amenity, AURA introduces a series of Japanese-inspired gardens that form a quieter counterpoint to the tower’s social spaces.</p>

<p>Landscaped retreats feature curated outdoor dining, tranquil courtyard seating, fire pit, and a tea house pavilion. Rather than functioning as simple recreational areas, the gardens have been designed as places for reflection and informal gathering, drawing on principles of balance, nature, and calm that underpin the project's broader design philosophy.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=151921 project_image_fid=367810]</p>

<p>The social amenity continues to evolve as residents move higher through the building. Levels 49 and 50 house the Meridian Club, where a lounge bar, conservatory spaces, and private dining rooms take advantage of elevated city views. At the summit of the tower, the exclusive Cumulus Club spans Levels 66 and 67, offering additional lounges, private dining, and meditation and treatment rooms positioned above Melbourne’s skyline.</p>

<p>For OSK Property, the extensive amenity offering reflects a broader focus on wellbeing as a core component of apartment living rather than an added feature.</p>

<p>“Aura stands tall as an exemplar of holistic wellness – its focus on social, physical and mental health culminate in a building that is calming, restorative and relaxing, where residents will have their own sanctuary within the well-connected and sought-after Southbank,” says OSK Property CEO Chong Boon Woon.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=151921 project_image_fid=367796]</p>

<p>AURA’s amenity strategy extends beyond the tower itself through its integration with the wider Melbourne Square precinct.</p>

<p>Residents will have direct access to Kennedy Park, Southbank’s 3,745 sqm landscaped public park, alongside a full-line Woolworths supermarket, childcare centre, hospitality venues, and approximately 1,600 sqm of additional retail planned within AURA’s lower levels. Together, these elements create a highly connected residential environment where daily needs, recreation, and wellness are woven into the fabric of the community.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=151921 project_image_fid=370253]</p>

<p>As Melbourne’s apartment market continues to mature, developments are increasingly judged by the lifestyle they provide beyond individual residences.</p>

<p>Through its combination of wellness facilities, landscaped retreats, social clubs, and precinct-wide amenity, AURA represents a shift toward a more comprehensive model of vertical living, one where shared spaces play as significant a role as the homes themselves.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=151921]</p>


AURA elevates amenity living at Melbourne Square

<p>Builder-developer Scion is the latest to target Sydney's booming Hills Showground Metro precinct, filing plans for more than 100 apartments within walking distance of the station.</p>

<p>Scion has lodged a concurrent rezoning and State Significant Development Application for <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/27-33-middleton-avenue-castle-hill-nsw-2154">27–33 Middleton Avenue</a>, where it plans to replace four existing homes with an 11 and 14-storey mixed-use development comprising 109 apartments, six affordable housing dwellings, and a ground-floor café.</p>

<p>Designed by BHK Architects, the proposal includes three levels of basement parking with 174 spaces, more than 1,200 sqm of communal open space, and extensive landscaping across the 3,791 sqm site.</p>

<p>The development has been designed as two buildings connected by a recessed wintergarden spine, with the 14-storey building positioned to the south and the 11-storey building to the north.</p>

<p><img alt="Scion" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="64dc359d-736b-43b8-87a8-70a8285cab47" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-06-25%20at%208.47.01%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=PXh.m8id_aevBPHEckPf88wQ2RQThPos" /></p>

<p>The apartment mix has been weighted towards owner-occupiers, with 13 one-bedroom apartments, 55 two-bedroom residences, 31 three-bedroom apartments, six three-bedroom lofts, and four four-bedroom homes. Six apartments will be dedicated as affordable housing in line with the NSW Housing SEPP.</p>

<p>According to the Architectural Design Report by BKH, the proposal seeks to create "a place-responsive architecture" inspired by the natural landscape surrounding Cattai Creek, while strengthening the public domain through landscaping, active frontages and a neighbourhood café.</p>

<p>Atlas Urban, in its Urban Design Report, says the proposal takes a different approach to increasing density around Hills Showground Station by favouring a more slender, vertically articulated built form over a conventional mid-rise outcome. The report argues this allows for greater deep soil planting, improved solar access and a better public domain outcome, while still delivering additional housing close to rapid public transport.</p>

<p>The site sits around 500 metres from Hills Showground Metro Station, within a precinct earmarked for significant residential intensification following the opening of the Sydney Metro Northwest line. Planning documents accompanying the application note that Greater Sydney's population has grown by more than one million people since planning for the precinct first began, reinforcing the need to accelerate housing delivery around existing transport infrastructure.</p>

<p>Scion is expanding its development pipeline which also includes <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/chatham-west-ryde-2-6-chatham-road-west-ryde-nsw-2114">Chatham in West Ryde</a>, 62 apartments which are approaching completion. They also have a State Significant Development Application with the NSW Government's Housing Delivery Authority for <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/96-anzac-avenue-west-ryde-nsw-2114">145 apartments on Anzac Avenue</a>, also in West Ryde.</p>


First look: Scion plots Castle Hill apartment development near Hills Showground Metro Station

<p>Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.</p>

<p>From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;</p>

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

<p>The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.</p>

<p>The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).</p>

<p>Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.</p>

<p>Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.</p>

<p>The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.</p>

<p>There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.</p>

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

<p>To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

<p>While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.</p>

<p>The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.</p>


Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

<p>The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.</p>

<p>While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.</p>

<p>It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.</p>

<p>Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.</p>

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong data-end="252" data-start="225">First Home Owner Grant:</strong> Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.</p>

<p><strong data-end="413" data-start="389">Stamp Duty Benefits:</strong> Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.</p>

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong>First Home Owner Grant:</strong> Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.</p>

<p><strong>Stamp Duty Benefits</strong>: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.</p>

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong data-end="920" data-start="893">First Home Owner Grant:</strong> Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.</p>

<p><strong data-end="1162" data-start="1135">Stamp Duty Concessions:</strong> Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.</p>

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>First Home Owner Grant:</strong> Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.</p>

<p><strong>Stamp Duty Concessions:</strong> Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.</p>

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong data-end="1617" data-start="1590">First Home Owner Grant:</strong> Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.</p>

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong>First Home Owner Grant:</strong> Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.</p>

<p><strong>Stamp Duty Relief:</strong> Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.</p>

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong>First Home Owner Grant</strong>: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.</p>

<p><strong>Stamp Duty Exemption</strong>: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.</p>

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

<p><strong>First Home Owner Grant:</strong> The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.</p>

<p><strong>Stamp Duty Exemption</strong>: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).</p>

<p><em>Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.</em></p>


Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

<p>In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.</p>

<p>Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.</p>

<p>Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.</p>

<p>A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.</p>

<p>NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.</p>

<p>As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.</p>

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

<p>NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;</p>

<p>NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;</p>

<p>NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.</p>

<p>The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.</p>

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

<p>NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.</p>

<p>The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.</p>

<p>The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.</p>

<p>The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;</p>

<p>Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.</p>

<p>Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.</p>

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

<p><strong>Energy Efficiency:</strong> Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.</p>

<p><strong>Cost Savings:</strong> Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.</p>

<p><strong>Environmental Impact:</strong> Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.</p>

<p><strong>Improved Comfort: </strong>Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.</p>

<p><strong>Market Value and Desirability:</strong> Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.</p>

<p><strong>Compliance with Building Codes:</strong> NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.</p>


The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

<p>Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.</p>

<p>Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.</p>

<p>Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.</p>

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

<p>Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]</p>

<p>The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.</p>

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

<p>One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]</p>

<p>The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.</p>

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

<p>Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]</p>

<p>The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.</p>

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

<p>Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]</p>

<p>Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.</p>

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

<p>One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.</p>

<p>The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.</p>


alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

<p style="line-height: 1.38;">When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.</p>

<p style="line-height: 1.38;">Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.</p>

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

<p>Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.</p>

<p>It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.</p>

<p style="line-height: 1.38;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe></p>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

<p>In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.</p>

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

<p>Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.</p>

<p>You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!</p>

<p>Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:</p>

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

<p style="line-height:1.38">Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.</p>


Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

<p>For the first time in a long time, Australia's inflation story is starting to look more like a landing than a fight.</p>

<p>The latest Consumer Price Index figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics showed annual inflation eased to four per cent in May, down from 4.2 per cent in April. On the surface, that might not seem like a major move. Inflation remains above the Reserve Bank's target range and some categories continue to record stubborn price growth.</p>

<p>But the significance of this result lies less in where inflation sits today and more in what it means for where interest rates are likely heading next.</p>

<p>The biggest takeaway is that inflation continues to move in the right direction.</p>

<p>Markets had been bracing for another sticky result after a period where progress appeared to stall. Instead, headline inflation came in softer than expected, helped by falling fuel prices and easing transport costs. Annual transport inflation halved from 6.6 per cent in April to 3.3 per cent in May, while automotive fuel prices fell 11.9 per cent during the month following lower oil prices and the impact of reduced fuel excise measures.</p>

<p>While petrol prices don't solve Australia's affordability challenges, they are one of the most visible and immediate costs for consumers. Falling fuel costs feed through the economy quickly, helping ease pressure on household budgets and business operating expenses.</p>

<p>The ABS data also showed headline inflation is now sitting at its lowest annual level in several months, reinforcing the broader trend that price growth is gradually moderating.</p>

<p>That trend is important because it aligns with what many economists and lenders have been saying for the last month.</p>

<p>Prior to this week's inflation data, ANZ, NAB and Commonwealth Bank had all shifted their forecasts, now believing the Reserve Bank had likely reached the peak of the interest rate cycle. Following the May inflation release, ANZ reaffirmed that view.</p>

<p>In its latest economic update, ANZ said it expects quarterly trimmed mean inflation to come in at 3.7 per cent for the June quarter, slightly below the Reserve Bank's forecast of 3.8 per cent. Importantly, the bank said that outcome, when combined with slowing economic activity, "supports our view that the cash rate has peaked".</p>

<p>The Reserve Bank has spent the better part of three years attempting to bring inflation under control through higher interest rates. If Australia's major banks are correct and rates have now peaked, the conversation shifts from how much higher rates could go to when they might begin coming down.</p>

<p>Westpac's caution comes from underlying inflation. The trimmed mean, the measure most closely watched by the Reserve Bank, increased from 3.4 per cent to 3.6 per cent annually. Housing inflation remains elevated at 6.5 per cent, reflecting ongoing increases in rents, electricity costs and new dwelling construction.</p>

<p>Electricity prices remain particularly problematic, rising 21.1 per cent over the past year following the removal of government rebates.</p>

<p>Housing construction costs are also showing signs of renewed pressure. ANZ noted new dwelling costs rose 0.9 per cent in May and are now running at an annualised pace of 8.6 per cent over the past three months. Builders continue to face higher labour, fuel and material costs, a reminder that inflationary pressures have not completely disappeared.</p>

<p>Housing affordability has deteriorated largely because of higher interest rates rather than higher property prices alone. Even modest reductions in mortgage rates would improve borrowing capacity, increase buyer confidence and reduce repayment pressure on existing homeowners.</p>

<p>While August is far from a certainty, the latest inflation result has strengthened the view that the next move in rates is more likely to be down than up. For borrowers, buyers and the development sector, that alone represents a significant shift from the conversation that dominated much of the past two years.</p>


The inflation result the property market was waiting for

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<p>The recently refurbished and fully-occupied The PC commercial building in CBDRobina has been listed by Robina Group.</p>
<p>The PC is the home of business incubator, Gold Coast Innovation Hub, and Australian travel specialist, Helloworld.</p>
<p>It is a premium three-storey commercial office building, with a net lettable area of 2,11 2sqm is located at 36 Laver Drive in the heart of CBDRobina.</p>
<p>The building has a WALE of 4.4 years and is generating a gross building income of approximately $1 million per annum.</p>
<p>Last year The Gold Coast Hub signed a five-year lease, with two five-year options, for 1,822 sqm of space over three levels, including a fully-equipped event centre seating over 100 people.</p>
<p>Helloworld also moved into The PC, leasing a 290 sqm first floor office on a five-year lease, with a five-year option.</p>
<p>Knight Frank Australia Gold Coast partner and joint head, Mark Witheriff, will handle the sale of The PC in conjunction with Knight Frank Melbourne commercial sales head, Paul Henley, through an offers to purchase campaign, closing 17 April 2019.</p>
<p>Mr Witheriff said he expected strong interest in The PC due to its high-profile status, outstanding tenant profile and recent extensive refurbishment.</p>
<p>The building also includes 64 car parking spaces, comprised of secure basement and street-level visitor bays.</p>
<p>Mr Witheriff also said the entire The PC building was approved by Gold Coast City Council for medical and commercial office use.</p>
<p>Robina Group CEO Hylton Slater said The PC was a further example of the strength of Robina’s office market.</p>
<p>“High-performing commercial buildings with an exceptional tenant profile such as this are tightly-held in CBDRobina and rarely become available for sale, and as such we predict high demand for this asset,” he said.</p>
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

The PC Robina office building listed for sale

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<p>The 3.5 star Best Western Zebra Motel in Coffs Harbour has been put on the market. </p>
<p>CBRE’s James Carrick  has been appointed to sell the coastal city’s 3.5 star largest leasehold motel.</p>
<p>Situated at 27 Grafton Street, on the edge of Coffs Harbour’s CBD, the Best Western Zebra Hotel consists of 46 guest rooms across two levels, 50-seat dining and bar area, two-bedroom manager’s residence and onsite parking for 41 vehicles.</p>
<p>The hotel is being sold on behalf of a local independent operator.</p>
<p>“The current operator has invested significantly in both internal and external improvements, which has been pivotal to the property’s strong patronage and upward income trajectory,” Mr Carrick said.</p>
<p>“The opportunity to operate a quality venue unrivalled in the 3.5 – 4 star market and underpinned by the Best Western brand is expected to ignite strong competitive interest. It is perfectly positioned for an experienced team to reap the benefits of the healthy earning opportunity and coastal lifestyle, with scope for investment style syndicate or funds management group to run under a management model.”</p>
<p>Set on a 3,296 sqm landholding, the motel is within walking distance to all major CBD amenities.</p>
<p>The leasehold is being offered for sale via an expressions of interest campaign closing April 18.</p>
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Best Western Zebra Motel in Coffs Harbour listed

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<p>The recently upgraded 300 Adelaide Street has attracted seven new tenants in the last six months, leasing a total of 1,433sqm within the building. </p>
<p>Kelly Moon and Simon Petrie from Colliers International were appointed by LSH Property Australia as marketing agents in October last year.</p>
<p>Three tenants that were confirmed this year include Karam Boutique Residential and Lockton Companies taking up 222sqm and 244sqm respectively on level 8; and Aura Wealth taking up 155sqm on level 14. </p>
<p>The other four tenants that were confirmed in Q4 2018 were Yes Digital who took up up 353sqm on level 18; Mako Gold (156sqm), McLeod Partners (208sqm), and Luppinos Hair Salon (95sqm). </p>
<p>The lease terms range from 5 to 7 years with rent ranging from $575 to $600 per sqm. Level 8 tenancies were brand new to specification fitouts, while level 14 and 18 will be new fitouts which are currently under construction. </p>
<p>“The building has undergone an extensive refurbishment to end-of-trip facilities, lobby and amenities on each level which has attracted a lot of tenants who have been in the market looking for space over the last six months,” said Mr Petrie. </p>
<p>“We have partnered with the LSH Property to create a community of complimentary businesses so they can benefit from each other’s networks.”  </p>
<p>Mr Moon said “We are currently getting good engagement from full and multiple floor tenants who appreciate the value proposition of 300 Adelaide Street. There are also limited part floor options ranging from 115 to 282sqm.” </p>
<p>Recent upgrades to the building include a hotel style end of trip facility with complimentary towel service and ironing stations, upgraded ground floor lobby and amenities on each level. </p>
<p>Further services are to be added to the building in the upcoming months through the implementation of a concierge service, online tenant portal and conference and meeting centre on level 4</p>
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Upgraded 300 Adelaide St in Brisbane attracts seven new tenants

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<p>Office values will continue to grow in 2019 following another record year which saw investment in Australian office assets surpass the $20 billion mark for the first time, according to Colliers International’s latest report</p>
<p>In their new Capital Markets Office Investment Review they found, more than $21.9 billion worth of office assets changed hands nation-wide in 2018. </p>
<p>It's first time that sales volumes have breached the $20 billion mark and the fifth year in a row that sale volumes have been higher than $15 billion.</p>
<p>It is an 15% increase on 2017 investment levels and an 84% increase on the 10-year average. </p>
<p>Domestic purchasers were the most active in the market, purchasing 51% of all assets by total dollar volume, despite the largest single transaction – Oxford Properties’ buyout of the Investa Office Fund for $3.4 billion in December 2018 – being to a Canadian buyer. </p>
<p>The report found "institutional investors dominated both selling and buying activity, buying 77% and selling 69% of the total transaction value. Private investors were net sellers of $1.77 billion."</p>
<p>John Marasco, Colliers International Managing Director of Capital Markets, said, "continued strong demand in Sydney and Melbourne, coupled with improving demand fundamentals in Perth, Adelaide and Brisbane, means that we expect ongoing yield compression and rental growth will be the driver for office capital value growth across most markets in 2019."</p>
<p>“We now have $260 billion worth of major transport infrastructure projects under construction or planned across 315 projects in Australia, up from $211 billion across 260 projects only three years ago. This spend is in response to the strong population growth, and will further boost property markets for years to come."</p>
<p>Anneke Thompson, Colliers International National Director of Research, said all markets recorded capital rate compression in 2018, with an average of 20 basis points of prime grade compression recorded across CBD office markets. </p>
<p>“As at December 2018, we have recorded a remarkable 27 consecutive quarters of cap rate compression, with this compression cycle starting in June 2012."</p>
<p>“What is also notable is in 2018 we recorded the lowest level of compression since mid-2014, indicating that this cycle is nearing its end.” </p>
<p> </p>
<p>According to the report, employment gains are getting stronger. </p>
<p>“The drop in vacancy in Australian office markets, from 9.6% in January 2018 to 8.5% in January 2019, has been a function of both reducing supply and solid demand. There is now 100,000sqm less office space in Australian markets than there was two years ago,” Ms Thompson said. </p>
<p>“Compare this against a solid jobs market over the same time period – the seasonally adjusted Australian unemployment rate has dropped from 5.8% in December 2016, to 5% in December 2018, which represents an additional 682,000 persons employed – and the supply demand imbalance starts to become clear.” </p>
<p>“While certain markets, such as Sydney and Melbourne CBD and Metro office markets, still offer investors the opportunity for good income growth over the next two years, the yield compression cycle is seen to be nearing its trough,” Mr Marasco said.</p>
<p>“Vacancy continues to decline in Brisbane and Perth, and the Adelaide CBD in particular saw a record ten CBD sales over $20million in 2018, totalling $902million. Yields in Adelaide remain higher than the east coast markets which has seen significant compression over the past few years. The Adelaide market is expected to remain strong, driven by rental growth, falling vacancies, decreasing incentives and all-time high business sentiment."</p>
<p>“Mergers and Acquisitions was a theme in 2018 and we believe will continue into 2019."</p>
<p>The report found 2019 would also be characterised by the rise of alternative lenders and “borrowing outside the framework”. </p>
<p>“For office assets or funding requirements that don’t sit neatly within major bank criteria, alternative lenders, such as offshore banks, sovereign wealth funds, family offices, fixed income specialists, life insurance companies and debt funds, are most certainly open for business,” Mr Marasco said. </p>
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Australian office investment passes $20 billion for first time ever

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<p>There is growing confidence in the Brisbane CBD office market, according to Ray White's latest Between the Lines report.</p>
<p>The report showed that the improved sentiment is being aided by the growth in employment and the rising population helped along by interstate migration.</p>
<p>In their research Ray White showed the vacancy situation had improved, due to both stock withdrawals and strong levels of take-up.</p>
<p>Plus The future saw limited short-term new supply on the horizon and ongoing absorption would ensure the outlook is much brighter than prior years.<br><br>Ray White Head of Research Vanessa Rader said, “strata sales volumes for 2018 were down 24.25 per cent on previous years for office stock, representing $21.104M, but a large retail transaction saw the total volume up 77.10 per cent to $54.979M."</p>
<p>“This sale was the ground and mezzanine floor at 108 Albert Street, selling for $32M and represented a yield of 5.50 per cent, this included 1,047sq m and five parking spaces.”<br><br>Ms Rader said the total Brisbane CBD office market had enjoyed a reduction in vacancy in the January 2019 office market report.<br><br>“Currently recording 13 per cent vacancy (288,999sq m), this is down from 14.7 per cent in July 2018, and 16.2 per cent 12 months ago,” she said.<br><br>“While withdrawal of stock has been strong over this past year, absorption of stock has rebounded, keeping vacancies further compressed.<br><br>“Considering vacancy by quality grade, highlights the clear flight to quality which has emerged, but also with affordability in mind.<br><br>“Increased demand is most notable for A grade stock, currently representing 9.9 per cent, down from 12.8 per cent in January 2018.”<br><br>Ray White Commercial Queensland Director - Office Leasing Jason Hines said economic indicators for the Queensland market had shown improvement over the second half of 2018, with further progress forecast during 2019.<br><br>“Interstate migration has swung back to Queensland off the back of improved employment options with a greater volume of the population also seeking the affordable lifestyle that's on offer,” Mr Hines said.<br><br>“This improved employment has seen office occupation increase slowly, with vacancies now reduced albeit still ahead of their 10-year average rate of 9.6 per cent, which has kept rents steady.”<br><br>Mr Hines said strata capital values currently averaged $4,550/sq m, this was slightly down (0.68 per cent) on the 2017 result and despite representing the sixth period of decline, the wide range of values gave confidence that an improvement was imminent.<br><br>“Capital value results has seen an increase in the lower range to $3,200/sq m, while the upper range has grown to $7,200/sq m,” he said.<br><br>“This highlights the vast quality of stock for Brisbane CBD strata assets and the discount attributed to D grade properties, as well as larger suites.<br><br>“Small (sub-100sq m) higher grade stock continues to be sought-after by savvy occupiers looking to secure attractive premises for their own businesses.<br><br>“We expect this level of owner occupier interest to increase throughout 2019, particularly if market fundamentals for the Brisbane CBD continue to improve.”</p>
<p>Some examples of Brisbane CBD office deals include:</p>
<p><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ozeesvh1A8Mh2p0YdbueNi5n0oQUvySqzeJQCIO54lprTKl8xxStZXM4titrV3em9ErZzBxxpjI_eUjpTkuFMW0XY1Ex7C7hZoK9Wbmyu3zk6Cv3Bp8MULnM_8zmMI6skjcSFsia"></p>
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Confidence growing in Brisbane CBD office market: Ray White

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<p>EXPERT OBSERVER</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><em>Cutting-edge food and design concepts are rapidly infiltrating shopping centres across Australia, with several landlords investing in premium dining and entertainment experiences to try to tap into the millennials’ mindset, according to one industry expert. Savills Australia’s director for Retail Investments, </em><strong>Rick Silberman</strong>,<em> tells us how our love for eating out is changing the face of retail.</em></span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1"><strong>The new drug of choice for shopping centre owners</strong></span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">Who doesn’t love eating? It’s undoubtedly one of our favourite things to do – if not the favourite. It changes moods instantly, uplifts us when we are down, and is a great way to socialise and experience the joys of life. Astute shopping centre landlords across the country are rapidly acknowledging the changing climate of retail today and are turning to food and entertainment concepts to keep ahead in the retail game. Ultimately in doing so, they can curb the increasing levels of vacancy (and reduce forthcoming vacancies) that they could encounter in their tenant mixes.</span> </p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1"><strong>The challenge</strong></span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">It is no secret that some retailers are doing it tough. Australian household debt is at the highest level on record and one of the highest levels globally, which is in addition to ongoing levels of low wages growth. The balance between consumer spending and disposable income remains difficult. Top retailers and proactive landlords are working together to ensure the retail experience in shopping centres today is vibrant, valuable, and attractive. Customer attraction today is at the centre of every successful shopping centre. No matter what the statistics show about low levels of consumer confidence, many of us place a priority on ensuring enough disposable income for a quality eating experience – heading out with family and friends, and indulging in some of the finest culinary options our cities have to offer, has become Australia’s favourite pastime. We are fortunate enough to have some of the best chefs, cafés and restaurants in the world. After all, what’s another $30 or $50 going to do when you can create a memorable experience with family or friends? And it’s that exact consumer experience and millennial mindset that shopping centre landlords are tapping into, in a creative bid to increase foot traffic levels and ultimately ensure the continued growth of their centres.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1"><strong>The experience</strong></span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">So, what does this retail experience look like? A food court is not a new phenomenon. However, the traditional food court as we know it will eventually transform into a premium dining precinct with a “no holds barred” approach that includes world-renowned restaurant brands based on a “build it and they will come” mentality. The larger regional shopping centres are already doing this. I was recently travelling in Los Angeles and visited three major shopping centres. It was a real eye-opener to see what is possible and how retail is changing. Simply put, anything is possible. I also believe that we are only seeing the tip of the iceberg in shopping centre design. The retail shopping experience today is moving to new levels, with the customer at the centre of all tenant mix choices and designs. The Grove shopping centre in LA has a tram route running through the middle of it with a dedicated food market, while Westfield Century City has one of the most captivating food precincts I have seen, with state-of-the-art design and quality food offerings. It’s no wonder that these shopping centres are absolutely bustling with an unmatched vibe to anything I have experienced in Australia. These landlords are enhancing the customer experience through a focused effort on the dining experience, coupled with innovative property design, in the knowledge that it will increase dwell time and ultimately boost retailer sales.</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1"><strong>The future</strong></span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">I was recently attending a meeting with a representative of one of Australia’s major listed shopping centre owners. I asked him about his thoughts on the integration of major dedicated food precincts within his centres and his response was, “You can’t fill a whole centre with just food”, to which I questioned, “Why not?” He may have been right, however; in the current climate, everything should be tabled and explored. Ten or so years ago, it would have been impossible to think that any landlord could open a major shopping centre without a Myer or David Jones as its anchor. Fast forward to now and those same landlords are forecasting how they may need to reposition or resize these big boxes that once upon a time played an integral role in their tenancy mix. The truth of the matter is that no one knows exactly what a shopping centre is going to look like in another 10 or 20 years but one thing we can all agree on is that it will be different. The shopping centre landscape is changing at an incredibly rapid rate and landlords must continually evolve new ideas, be creative and, most importantly, be prepared to take a risk.</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">Rick Silberman is a director at Savills Australia and New Zealand.</span></p>
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jrobinson-rf4aSBido9

How our love for eating out is changing the face of retail: Savills Rick Silberman

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<p><span>EXPERT OBSERVER</span></p>
<p><span>February Labour Force Survey: Total employment: 4.6k from 38.3k (revised from 39.1k), unemployment rate: 4.9% from 5.0% (unrevised 5.0%), participation rate: 65.6% from 65.7% (unrevised 65.7%).</span></p>
<p><span>Employment growth slowed in February lifting 4.6k less than what the market was looking for (median +15k) but a touch better than Westpac’s forecast of –5k. So far 2019 has had a sound start for the labour market with a three month average gain of 21.1k/per month. </span></p>
<p><span>Through 2018 total employment grew 274.5k, or 2.2%yr, with a solid momentum into year end with a six month annualised pace of 2.3%yr. </span></p>
<p><span>While it is just second month into the year, employment grew 284k in the year to February (2.3%yr) but the six month annualised pace has moderated from 2.9%yr in January to 2.3%yr in February.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%201.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:</p>
<p><span><span><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%201.jpg" alt=""></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p><span><span>As highlighted in our preview we are very cautious about making too much of the January/February releases given the large underlying seasonality in these months. However, what we can say is that it does appear that the momentum in employment has slowed. </span></span></p>
<p><span><span>As such, there is nothing in this release to make us change our view that employment growth will take a breather through the first half of 2019 leading to a lift in unemployment. But, to be fair, the fall in the unemployment rate to 4.9% also means that at this point in time, the RBA will also feel little pressure to change their forecast for the unemployment rate to fall to 4¾%.</span></span></p>
<p><span><span> It will all come down to who is the better forecaster.</span></span></p>
<p><span><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%202.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:</span></p>
<p><span><span><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%202.jpg" alt=""></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p><span>In February, in reverse to the January result, the mix of employment gains painted a soft picture with a 7.3k loss in full-time employment offset by an 11.9k gain in part-time employment. However, hours worked was a bit more upbeat in the month with total hours worked up 0.2% (total employment was flat in the month) as hours worked per person gained 0.1% due to average hours worked rising for both full-time and part-time employees. </span></p>
<p><span>In the year to February total hours worked has lifted 2.2%yr which is on par with the 2.3%yr pace for employment.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%203.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:</p>
<p><span><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%203.jpg" alt=""></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p>Despite the soft print on employment, the unemployment rate fell to 4.9% (market median was 5.0%) as a 0.1ppt decline in the participation rate to 65.6% (65.57% at two decimal places) resulted in a –7.1k decline in the labour force. At this stage it appears that both male and female participation is levelling out in a trend sense and we are closely watching where they go next. We do expect both to edge lower though 2019 H1 as employment growth stalls.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%204.jpg" target="_blank">Click here </a>to enlarge:</p>
<p><span><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%204.jpg" alt=""></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p><span>February was a soft month for employment growth across the states. Employment fell 5.8k in NSW (+128.9k in the year) and the unemployment rate lifted to 4.3% from 3.9% which was a 30 year low in unemployment for that state. In Victoria, employment lifted 5.7k (+136.7k in the year) but with a lift in participation, the unemployment rate lifted to 4.8% from 4.6%. </span></p>
<p><span>Queensland employment lifted in February 6.4k (+20.4k in the year) but a decline in participation saw the unemployment rate dip to 5.4% from 6.1%. In WA employment rose 2.8k (+7.7k in the year) with the 1ppt fall in unemployment to 5.9% being supported by a 0.6ppt fall in participation. Meanwhile in SA a lift in employment 3.8k (–0.1k in the year) in February saw the unemployment rate ease back 0.6ppt to 5.7%.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%205.jpg" target="_blank">Click here </a>to enlarge:</p>
<p><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%205.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p>Overall, while the annual pace of employment growth has picked up in Victoria, and eased back in NSW, NSW can still claim the mantle of having the lowest unemployment rate.</p>
<p> <span>Victoria was the state showing the greatest improvement through 2018 with the unemployment rate down 2ppts to 4.2% in December while in NSW unemployment fell just 0.5ppts to 4.3%.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%206.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:</p>
<p><span><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%206.jpg" alt=""></span></p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p>We are closely watching how these trends continue through 2019 – NSW did surprise in January by dipping below 4%, but it has since bounced back to 4.3%, while Victoria’s improvement does look to be cooling with the unemployment rate holding above 4.5%.</p>
<p>It is these two states, and how their labour markets will respond to falling house prices, a contraction in construction activity and weak retail sales, that is behind our expectation for the unemployment rate to rise through the first half of this year. While we are cautious about interpreting too much from the January/February releases, we see nothing in them that makes us nervous about our forecasts.</p>
<p><span>It is also worth noting that in 2018, for all the strength in the labour market, the underemployment rate only declined 0.2ppt. So far there has been a further improvement with the rate falling from 8.3% in December to 8.1% in February. Again, we would caution that so far we have only see the January and February prints, so would not project that this improvement can be sustained, but nevertheless, it is another indicator of just how robust the labour market was at the end of 2018.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/3/21/employment%207.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:</p>
<p><span><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/21/employment%207.jpg" alt=""></span></p>
<p>Source: Westpac</p>
<p>For 2019, we are looking for a pause in the pace in employment growth due to the economic uncertainties surrounding the Federal Election at the same time as we expect to see a moderation in momentum in NSW and Victoria on the back of a moderation in housing activity. With reasonable estimates for the participation rate, our weaker jobs growth profile has the unemployment rate lifting to 5.5% in the second half of 2019 and further by end 2020.</p>
<p><em>JUSTIN SMIRK is ‎a senior economist for Westpac</em><span><br></span></p>
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Australian employment saw a February pause: Justin Smirk

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<div>EXPERT OBSERVER</div>
<div> </div>
<div>It looks as though tighter deposit requirements have run their course. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Although December 2018 was a horrible quarter for mortgage lending in the lead-up to the end of the Royal Commission, the squeeze on loan-to-value ratios looks to be just about done. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/22/interest%20only%201.jpg" alt=""> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>There are relatively few interest-only (IO) mortgages being written now, and this squeeze also looks to be about done. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It's a smaller share of a smaller pie, and this is reducing household debt ratios as we speak (contrary to the incorrect claims you might read elsewhere). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/22/interest%20only%202.jpg" alt=""> </div>
<div>
<div>The ADI stock of outstanding IO loans is now less than ¼ of mortgages by value, the lowest on record across the data series. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>This may sound a lot, but most IO loans revert to principal repayment relatively quickly, and anyway IO mortgages can make a lot of sense for borrowers with offset accounts. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Many borrowers have opted to revert to principal repayment early for the cheaper mortgage rates on offer. </div>
<div>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/3/22/interest%20only%203.jpg" alt=""> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>There was previously some debate surrounding what constituted a 'new' IO loan, but the interest-only 'cliff' is no longer a thing, since any mechanically forced reset no longer applies. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It's in nobody's interests to see stressed borrowers go into arrears, so the reset should now be managed comfortably enough.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div><strong>Left the building</strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>It's interesting to note that partly thanks to switching across to cheaper rates, interest repayments have now declined to sit well below 10 per cent of household disposable income, down from 16 per cent a decade earlier.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>This is a very significant decline, and this hugely improved level of mortgage serviceability partly accounts for why mortgage arrears remain so low. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Betwixt the Council of Financial Regulators and the Reserve Bank today the respective authorities confirmed today that there would be no further tightening of lending standards required, instead perhaps implying that banks rather need to write some business.</div>
<div>
<br><strong>From the RBA:</strong>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div><em>"From a financial stability perspective, prudent lending standards are a good thing. They ensure that households and banks are resilient to changes in circumstances. </em></div>
<div><em> </em></div>
<div>
<em>But there needs to be a balance. </em><em>The regulators are not proposing any further tightening in lending standards. </em>
</div>
<div><em> </em></div>
<div><em>And the appropriate amount of credit risk is not zero – banks need to continue to lend and that will inevitably involve some credit losses."</em></div>
<div> </div>
<div>Welcome news, while fixed mortgage rates are being cut widely as funding costs have declined. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The regulators have left the building (for the time being!). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div id="post-body-36613851729109642" class="post-body entry-content">
<div>
<em>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of AllenWargent property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogger</a>.</em> </div>
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

Interest-only cliff: no longer a thing - Pete Wargent

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<p>GUEST OBSERVATION</p>
<p>Banks’ funding costs increased a little over 2018, driven by a rise in the cost of wholesale funding linked to money market rates, but with some offset from reductions in the cost of retail deposits. Most lenders passed the increase in funding costs through to their lending rates, including for mortgages. Nevertheless, funding costs and lending rates remain low by historical standards.</p>
<p><strong>Funding costs typically influence lending rates</strong></p>
<p>The rates that banks offer on loans to households and businesses are partly driven by the cost of their funding. Banks also take into account the risks inherent in lending, such as the credit risk associated with loans and the liquidity risk involved in funding long-term assets with short-term liabilities. Competition in the financial sector, banks’ growth strategies and the rate of return desired by equity holders also affect their lending rates.</p>
<p>The level of the cash rate is an important determinant of banks’ funding costs (Graph 1). This is because the cash rate acts as an anchor for the broader interest rate structure of the domestic financial system. The pass-through from the cash rate to funding costs and lending rates is an important channel of monetary policy transmission. Nevertheless, there are other factors that influence funding costs, such as changes in the level of compensation required by investors for holding bank debt. The full effect of such changes can take some time to flow through to funding costs and lending rates. This article updates previous Reserve Bank research, focusing on developments in major banks’ funding costs and lending rates over 2018.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 1</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-01.gif" alt="Graph 1: Cash Rate and Funding Costs">
</div>
<p>The cost of banks’ funding increased a little over 2018, driven by the higher cost of raising funds in wholesale debt markets as a result of increases in money market rates, in particular the rise in bank bill swap (BBSW) rates. The costs of around two-thirds of the major banks’ debt and deposit funding are ultimately linked to BBSW rates, either directly or as a result of their interest rate hedging practices. The major banks’ overall funding costs have increased by less than money market rates because of the decline in interest rates on retail deposits, which account for around one-third of their non-equity funding.</p>
<p>Most lenders, including the major banks, have passed the increase in funding costs through to their lending rates. However, the average interest rate on outstanding housing loans increased only a little toward the end of 2018, and by less than the increases in banks’ standard variable rates (SVRs) for housing loans. This owed in large part to strong competition for low-risk borrowers, as observed through the larger discounts that banks offered from their SVRs. Rates on loans to businesses also increased, particularly for large business loans, since many of these loans are linked to BBSW rates. Despite the increases, both funding costs and lending rates remain historically low, consistent with the low level of the cash rate.</p>
<p><strong>Banks’ funding composition was little changed over 2018</strong></p>
<p>Banks obtain funding from four main sources: retail deposits, wholesale deposits, wholesale debt and equity. Excluding equity, around one-third of major banks’ funding is from retail deposits. These are sourced from households and small- to medium-sized businesses. Another third of non-equity funding is from wholesale deposits, such as those from large corporations, pension funds and the government. Short- and long-term wholesale debt account for most of the remaining third of funding. The composition of major banks’ funding was little changed over 2018 (Graph 2).</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 2</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-02.gif" alt="Graph 2: Major Banks  Funding Composition">
</div>
<p>In aggregate, deposits account for around two-thirds of major banks’ non-equity funding. This share has been relatively stable over recent years, following a large increase in the share of deposits in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. That increase was consistent with banks seeking more stable funding, particularly from term deposits (Graph 3). The introduction of new liquidity regulations – such as the Net Stable Funding Ratio requirement that came into force at the start of 2018 – has also supported the banks’ demand for stable funding over recent years. Deposit growth slowed in 2018, in line with the generally subdued growth in banks’ assets.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title">Graph 3</div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-03.gif" alt="Graph 3: Deposit Growth">
</div>
<p>The share of funding sourced by the major banks from wholesale debt markets was little changed over 2018. Within this, the major banks shifted their funding slightly, moving away from short-term debt toward long-term debt (Graph 4). A large share of wholesale debt funding for the major banks is sourced from offshore markets, mainly in US dollars. Australian banks transform most of these foreign-currency denominated exposures into Australian-dollar denominated exposures using the cross-currency swap market. As a result, Australian banks are far less sensitive to changes in interest rates in other jurisdictions than their share of offshore funding may suggest.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 4</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-04.gif" alt="Graph 4: Major Banks' Wholesale Debt">
</div>
<p><strong>The share of funding from equity has been stable</strong></p>
<p>In addition to deposits and debt, banks obtain a small portion of their funding from equity. The share of funding from equity has been stable over recent years. Since mid 2015, banks have increased their stock of equity funding by around $40 billion. This was largely in response to changes in prudential regulations that have increased the average mortgage risk weights, and therefore the amount of capital that banks are required to hold. The major banks continue to indicate that they are on track to meet the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority’s (APRA) increased ‘unquestionably strong’ capital benchmarks by 2020 (as expected by APRA). Distinct from its ‘unquestionably strong’ benchmarks, APRA consulted on plans in late 2018 to implement a loss-absorbing capacity regime in Australia from 2023 (APRA 2018).</p>
<p><strong>Banks' funding costs are a little higher than in recent years but remain low</strong></p>
<p>We estimate that overall debt and deposit funding costs for the major banks increased by around 10 basis points over 2018 (Graph 5). This was driven by increases in the costs of wholesale debt and wholesale deposits. Nevertheless, funding costs remain low by historical standards.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 5</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-05.gif" alt="Graph 5: Major Banks' Funding Costs">
</div>
<p><strong>The cost of wholesale funding increased …</strong></p>
<p>Wholesale funding – which includes both wholesale debt and wholesale deposits – accounts for around two-thirds of major banks’ non-equity funding. Wholesale funding costs tend to be roughly linked to BBSW rates, which increased in 2018 (Graph 6).</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<p class="title"><strong>Graph 6</strong></p>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-06.gif" alt="Graph 6: Bank Bill Swap Rates">
</div>
<p>BBSW rates measure the cost for highly rated banks in Australia to issue short-term bank paper with tenors of up to six months. These rates are some of the key interest rate benchmarks for the Australian dollar and are widely used as reference rates in contracts including derivatives, loans and securities (Alim and Connolly 2018). BBSW rates are heavily influenced by expectations for the cash rate, although they are also affected by other factors, including developments in offshore money markets and changes in the demand for short-term bank paper from investors.<span class="footnote-reference"><a id="r1" href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/developments-in-banks-funding-costs-and-lending-rates#fn1"><br></a></span></p>
<p>The cost of wholesale debt for Australian banks is ultimately linked to BBSW rates either directly or as a result of their interest rate hedging practices. In addition to issuing floating-rate Australian-dollar denominated debt (at a spread to BBSW rates), banks swap much of their foreign-currency denominated or fixed-rate debt into Australian-dollar floating-rate exposures by using derivatives that typically use a BBSW rate as the reference rate. These hedging practices better align movements in the rates on Australian banks’ funding with those that they receive on their assets, which consist largely of loans that are variable rate and denominated in Australian dollars. Rates on wholesale deposits also tend to be closely linked to BBSW rates. In particular, wholesale term deposits are close substitutes for bank paper of the same tenor, so the rates offered on these deposits tend to move with BBSW rates.</p>
<p>Wholesale funding costs moved broadly in line with BBSW rates over 2018, with BBSW rates around 20 basis points higher than their average in 2017 (Graph 6). In particular, BBSW rates rose noticeably toward the end of the March, June and December quarters, as did other short-term money market rates in Australia and offshore. Most of the impact of a change in BBSW rates flows through to wholesale funding costs in three to six months, with the time frame varying between banks based on the maturity profiles of their short-term debt, wholesale deposits and interest rate hedging instruments. The increases in BBSW rates were reflected in higher costs for outstanding short-term and, to a lesser extent, long-term wholesale debt. Nevertheless, wholesale funding costs remain low relative to recent history (Graph 7).</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<p class="title"><strong>Graph 7</strong></p>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-07.gif" alt="Graph 7: Major Banks' Wholesale Debt Costs">
</div>
<p>A few factors other than BBSW rates also put upward pressure on the cost of wholesale debt in 2018, although their contributions were relatively small. The major banks’ wholesale debt that is issued offshore was affected by increases in cross-currency basis swap spreads, which measure the cost of swapping foreign-currency exposures into Australian-dollar exposures. In particular, the major banks’ cost of sourcing short-term debt funding in US dollars and swapping it into Australian dollars increased by a little more than the increases in BBSW rates (Graph 8). Nevertheless, Australian banks may still prefer to issue offshore – even when it appears to be relatively more expensive – to diversify their funding base (Kent 2018). The slight shift in the composition of wholesale debt from short term to long term added a little to funding costs, along with an increase in the average original tenor of the major banks’ long-term debt.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 8</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-08.gif" alt="Graph 8: Major Banks  Marginal Cost of Short-term Debt">
</div>
<p>Banks continued to issue wholesale debt at relatively low yields in 2018. Australian banks issued bonds at a similar pace to previous years, with around $115 billion of bonds issued in the year. Net issuance, which takes into account bond maturities, was high in 2018, with issuance outpacing scheduled maturities by around $25 billion. Although spreads to benchmark rates for the major banks’ bonds widened over 2018, yields remained little changed around the low levels of recent years (Graph 9).</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 9</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-09.gif" alt="Graph 9: Major Banks  Bond Pricing">
</div>
<p><strong>… but this was partly offset by a decrease in the cost of retail deposits</strong></p>
<p>Major banks’ funding costs increased by less than money market rates because the cost of retail deposits declined. Major banks’ overall deposit costs therefore fell over 2018, even though wholesale deposit rates increased (Graph 5). The decline in the cost of retail deposits was in large part due to substantial reductions in all of the major banks’ base rates on online savings accounts (excluding any ‘honeymoon’ or introductory bonus rates) (Graph 10). Honeymoon rates on online savings accounts were little changed. Partly offsetting this, there was a small increase in the major banks’ average rate on bonus savings accounts. Major banks’ advertised rates on retail at-call deposits remain low relative both to historical rates and to rates currently offered by non-major banks.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<p class="title"><strong>Graph 10</strong></p>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-10.gif" alt="Graph 10: Major Banks' Retail Deposit Rates">
</div>
<p>Although rates on new retail term deposits were little changed over 2018, the cost of outstanding term deposits fell slightly because some term deposits that were contracted at higher rates in earlier years have since been replaced by term deposits at lower rates. However, the impact of this on overall funding costs was somewhat offset by a change in the mix of deposits toward term deposits, which typically have higher interest rates than at-call deposits.</p>
<p><strong>Banks increased their lending rates a little, but they remain low</strong></p>
<p>Most lenders passed the increase in funding costs through to their lending rates for households and businesses. But lending rates remain low, consistent with funding costs and the cash rate.</p>
<p>Interest rates on housing loans rose a little for many borrowers over 2018. Most banks increased their SVRs on housing loans in the second half of 2018 by around 10–15 basis points. The banks generally attributed the increases to higher funding costs. However, the average interest rate on outstanding variable rate housing loans increased by only a few basis points over the second half of the year (Graph 11). This was partly because not all lenders raised their SVRs in that period; one of the major banks increased its housing SVRs in early 2019. In addition, interest rates on new housing loans continued to be significantly lower than interest rates on outstanding loans, which provides an indication of the strength of competition for low-risk borrowers. Some existing borrowers refinanced at a lower rate with a different lender or renegotiated the rate of their loan with their existing lender. Moreover, advertised interest rates on fixed-rate housing loans, which account for around one-fifth of outstanding housing credit, declined throughout 2018.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 11</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-11.gif" alt="Graph 11: Variable Housing Interest Rates">
</div>
<p>Interest rates on outstanding loans to large businesses are estimated to have increased by around 35 basis points over 2018, reflecting in part the increases in BBSW rates (Graph 12). Most loans to large businesses are linked to BBSW rates. Rates on loans to small businesses were little changed over the year, though they remain noticeably higher than those for large businesses. Some banks increased their advertised rates for small businesses toward the end of 2018, citing higher funding costs.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<p class="title"><strong>Graph 12</strong></p>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-12.gif" alt="Graph 12: Variable Business Lending Rates">
</div>
<p><strong>Banks’ implied lending spread narrowed a little</strong></p>
<p>A bank’s implied spread on its outstanding lending is the difference between its average lending rates and overall funding costs. We estimate that this spread narrowed slightly for the major banks over 2018 (Graph 13). The implied lending spread did not narrow by as much as the increase in funding costs because much of this increase was passed through to an increase in lending rates, including for mortgages and large business loans.</p>
<div class="image-graph">
<div class="title"><strong>Graph 13</strong></div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/mar/images/graph-0319-2-13.gif" alt="Graph 13: Major Banks Funding Costs and Lending Rates">
</div>
<p>The implied lending spread differs from some commonly reported measures of bank profitability (for example, the net interest margin), because it excludes the returns on banks’ other interest-earning assets, such as high-quality liquid asset holdings. Yields on some of the banks’ liquid assets rose over 2018, consistent with increases in BBSW rates. The effect of this was to dampen the impact of higher funding costs on banks’ net interest margins.</p>
<p><em><strong>Susan Black</strong> and <strong>Dmitry Titkov</strong> are from Domestic Markets Department at the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). </em></p>
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Developments in Australia banks' funding costs and lending rates: RBA Bulletin 

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<p>Housing markets remain weak, particularly in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth, according to last week's meeting of the Council of Financial Regulators.</p>
<p>The group meets quarterly to discuss systemic risks facing the Australian financial system, regulatory issues and developments relevant to its members.</p>
<p>However, the council suggested the adjustment in housing prices and activity has been orderly and did not raise material financial stability concerns.</p>
<p>Housing prices nationally have fallen by 6.5% over the past year, but this has followed a period of large price gains in some areas.</p>
<p>Further, the improvement in banks’ lending standards – including a lower share of high loan-to-valuation ratio lending – means that households and lenders generally are less vulnerable to falling housing prices than in the past, it noted.</p>
<p>Despite historically high household debt, signs of financial stress remain relatively contained given a strong labour market and low interest rates.</p>
<p>The Council noted that while mortgage arrears rates remain low, they have reached a post-financial crisis high.</p>
<p>"This largely reflects regional conditions," the minutes suggested.</p>
<p>It concluded overall that future paths of housing activity and prices remain uncertain.</p>
<p>The Council discussed the slowdown in housing credit growth and the weaker conditions in the housing market.</p>
<p>Members agreed the evidence from data and consultations with banks indicated that the slowing in credit largely reflects weaker demand, particularly from investors.</p>
<p>There has also been some tightening of credit supply over the past year as lenders have applied their lending policies more stringently and undertaken more detailed scrutiny of borrowers’ expenses and other liabilities.</p>
<p>It noted there remains strong competition for borrowers of low credit risk.</p>
<p>The Council agencies will be closely monitoring the extent of any further adjustments, and in particular the ongoing availability of credit.</p>
<p>It also noted members observed that new lending to small businesses has slowed over the past year.</p>
<p>"For many small businesses, personal and business finances are intermingled," the report said.</p>
<p>"As a consequence, the higher standards that lenders apply to personal borrowing are affecting some small business loan applications.</p>
<p>"Further falls in housing prices could constrain small business borrowing, given that around half of loans to unincorporated businesses are secured by residential property."</p>
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