High-profile apartment defect cases have changed the way many NSW buyers approach purchasing, putting greater scrutiny on building quality, strata records and the parties behind a development before a contract is signed.

The industry buyers are assessing today, however, is also different from the one in which cases such as Opal Tower and Mascot Towers emerged.

NSW has introduced a series of regulatory measures aimed at strengthening oversight of apartment construction, including Building Commission NSW, the Residential Apartment Buildings Act 2020 and the Strata Building Bond and Inspections Scheme. Under the latter, developers are required to lodge a bond, with independent inspections forming part of the process for identifying defects in new strata developments.

Those changes provide another layer of protection, but they haven't removed the importance of buyer due diligence.

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For purchasers considering an apartment, that means looking beyond the residence itself. Building and strata history, strata reports, the track record of the builder and developer, the condition of common property and any known or planned expenditure by the owners corporation can all form part of assessing a building before purchase.

Whether the development is already complete can also materially change what can be assessed.

An off-the-plan purchaser is necessarily buying before the finished product exists. A completed apartment, by comparison, can be walked through before contracts are signed, allowing the purchaser to see the finishes, common areas and broader building as they have actually been delivered rather than relying solely on plans and renders.

It also removes exposure to some of the uncertainties that exist between an off-the-plan purchase and completion, including construction delays, cost pressures and builder insolvency during the delivery period.

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<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/equitifund-group">Projects by Equitifund</a> National Sales Director Ben Hamblett said that greater focus on tangible evidence is increasingly evident among apartment purchasers.

“The biggest shift we're seeing is buyers wanting proof, not promises,” Hamblett said.

“That's exactly why we deal in completed stock - you can inspect the building before you commit - and why we've backed every purchase with a cash bond against special levies.”

At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/the-lennox-parramatta-12-phillip-street-parramatta-nsw-2150">The Lennox</a> in Parramatta, that emphasis on a completed, inspectable product is already in place.

The 413-apartment, 46-level tower at 12 Phillip Street is being marketed by Projects by Equitifund, allowing prospective purchasers to inspect the residences, common areas and resident facilities before committing.

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The Lennox also introduces another layer to the due-diligence conversation through Strata Surety.

The vendor-funded arrangement provides purchasers with a cash-backed bond held in their own solicitor's trust account from settlement. According to Equitifund, the bond covers any special levy raised during the applicable cover period and is provided at no cost to the purchaser.

Special levies can create an unexpected cost for apartment owners where an owners corporation needs funding beyond its existing strata contributions. Under NSW strata law, a special levy requires approval by owners at a general meeting.

Equitifund Executive Chairman Greg Huxley said Strata Surety was designed to provide something more concrete than reassurance about that potential exposure.

“Buyers have every right to ask hard questions about strata risk - the industry has given them plenty of reasons to,” Huxley said.

“Our answer isn't a reassurance, it's a bond. Strata Surety puts real money behind that confidence, held by the buyer's own solicitor, not by us.”

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For The Lennox, its completed status also means purchasers can assess not only the apartment itself, but a building that has already been occupied and operating for several years.

Completed in 2021, the $300 million development, designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/marchese-partners">Marchese Partners</a>, comprises one, two, three and four-bedroom apartments, with open-plan living areas extending to private balconies. Interiors incorporate engineered timber flooring, stone benchtops and integrated appliances, while many upper-level residences have views across the river and surrounding district.

Its established amenity can similarly be inspected in operation. Resident facilities include the Watermark precinct with a 20-metre pool, outdoor terrace, barbecue areas, gym, fitness studio and conference room, while ground-floor retail addresses the river walk and surrounding public space.

The Lennox is also home to the Southern Hemisphere's first fully robotic residential car park, which has now operated for several years. Its nine-level basement combines three conventional parking levels with six automated levels, accommodating 327 vehicles using technology from German firm Lödige Industries.

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The riverfront address puts The Lennox close to much of central <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/parramatta-nsw-2150">Parramatta</a>'s existing infrastructure, including Parramatta Station, Westfield Parramatta, Parramatta Park, and the Church Street dining precinct.

The remaining apartments form part of a limited release secured by Equitifund, following the sale of the majority of residences before and shortly after completion.

The regulatory environment around NSW apartment construction has changed considerably since the defect cases that reshaped public discussion around the sector. For purchasers, however, regulation is only one part of the equation. The ability to investigate a building's history, review its strata position and, where possible, inspect what has actually been delivered remains central to making an informed apartment purchase.

At The Lennox, its completed status provides that opportunity before contracts are signed, while Strata Surety adds a financial backstop against special levies beyond the protections already provided under NSW strata law.

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Joel Robinson

Buying with confidence: What NSW apartment buyers should check beyond the defect headlines

Too often, heritage buildings become the podium for a contemporary tower. At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/623-collins-607-623-collins-street-melbourne-vic-3000">623 Collins</a>, <a>Sterling Global</a> challenged its design team to reverse that process.

The brief to <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a> was deliberately simple: "Don't design around the heritage. Design from it." It became the philosophy behind a project that draws inspiration not only from two landmark heritage buildings, but from Collins Street itself, a street layered with architectural history and civic significance.

That philosophy has shaped one of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/melbourne-vic-3000">Melbourne</a> CBD's most considered residential projects, where the 1924 State Savings Bank and neighbouring Batman's Hill Hotel have become the architectural foundation for 623 Collins rather than remnants preserved beneath a new development.

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Rather than approaching the site as a blank canvas, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sterling-global">Sterling Global</a> saw the existing buildings as the beginning of the story.

"Sites like this rarely become available," the developer said.

"623 Collins wasn't simply an opportunity to develop a prominent CBD site. It was an opportunity to restore and reimagine one of Melbourne's important heritage landmarks while contributing to the continued evolution of Collins Street. For us, the existing buildings weren't constraints. They were the beginning of the story."

Instead of mimicking the ornate heritage architecture, Plus Studio studied the proportions, rhythm and craftsmanship of the original buildings before translating those characteristics into a contemporary 42-storey tower.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145324 project_image_fid=372748]

"The brief challenged us to create a contemporary landmark that respected Melbourne's architectural history without becoming nostalgic," Plus Studio said.

"Rather than mimicking heritage, we sought to understand its proportions, rhythm and material language before translating those qualities into a distinctly contemporary architectural expression."

The practice says the State Savings Bank and Batman's Hill Hotel became the project's primary source of inspiration, allowing the heritage buildings and contemporary architecture to exist "in conversation rather than contrast." Generous planted terraces further soften the transition between old and new, creating elevated green spaces while reinforcing the dialogue between the restored podium and the contemporary tower.

That dialogue continues throughout the interiors, where Melbourne designer Fiona Lynch developed a material palette inspired by the idea of alchemy, balancing contrasting materials that reference both the Neo-Grec detailing of the original bank and contemporary urban living. The result is a series of spaces that feel timeless rather than trend-driven.

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The project will deliver 316 residences across four collections, Heirloom, Signature, Reserve and the Penthouse Collection, with each responding differently to its position within the building, from the restored heritage podium through to the upper levels of the tower. The Heirloom Residences retain defining heritage elements including original heritage windows, generous proportions and high ceilings, while the tower introduces contemporary homes with expansive layouts and elevated views.

Amenities have likewise been designed to support long-term city living rather than short-stay convenience. Residents will have access to concierge services, wellness facilities including a pool, cold plunge, sauna, steam room and gym, alongside private lounges, entertaining spaces and dedicated resident clubs.

Sterling Global says that approach is resonating with buyers seeking permanence rather than novelty.

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According to the sales team, purchasers are looking for enduring architecture, generous floorplans, heritage character and long-term value, with many commenting that 623 Collins "doesn't feel like another apartment development" because of the way the architecture has been curated around the site's history.

Situated on the prominent corner of Collins and Spencer streets, the project occupies one of Melbourne's most recognisable gateway sites, marking the western entrance to the city's best-known street. For Sterling Global, it also reflects a broader shift in city-making.

"Rather than maximising development yield, the project embraces adaptive reuse as a design philosophy, allowing heritage to inform architecture, interiors and the overall resident experience," the developer said.

"The result is a building that feels uniquely connected to Melbourne."

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=145324]

How Sterling Global designed 623 Collins from Melbourne's history

Avant Townhomes is adding to Ivanhoe’s family-sized housing options with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-townhouses/three-82-ivanhoe-382-upper-heidelberg-road-ivanhoe-vic-3079">Three 82</a>, a collection of just 16 four-bedroom townhomes on Upper Heidelberg Road.

The <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/intrapac-property">Intrapac Property</a> townhome division has taken a contemporary approach to the traditional family home, pairing larger floorplans with the lower-maintenance format of a townhouse.

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Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/arcadia-studio">Arcadia</a>, with landscaping by Landsite, the homes feature generous open-plan living and dining areas that connect directly to outdoor spaces, with layouts also designed to maximise natural light and privacy.

Natural stone is used throughout the interiors, including in kitchens that pair stone surfaces with bespoke cabinetry, considered storage and SMEG appliances.

The four-bedroom layouts include built-in wardrobes and a main bedroom with its own ensuite, while family bathrooms service the additional bedrooms. Each home also includes a lock-up double garage and intercom entry.

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Energy efficiency has been incorporated into the design through solar panels, double glazing and reverse-cycle heating and cooling, with the homes targeting 7-star energy ratings.

Rather than incorporating extensive communal facilities, Three 82 has been conceived around private residential amenity, with the 16-home scale keeping the focus on individual homes and their own indoor and outdoor spaces.

The development is located at 382 Upper Heidelberg Road, around one kilometre from Ivanhoe Village's cafés and retail and a short drive from Eaglemont Station and Ivanhoe Station.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152069 project_image_fid=374393]

Several of Ivanhoe's established schools are also nearby, including Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar and Ivanhoe Grammar School. The address also provides access to the suburb's parklands and the wider Yarra River corridor.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/nelson-alexander">Nelson Alexander</a> has been appointed to handle sales.

Construction is underway and progressing well, with Three 82 currently tracking toward completion in Q2 2027.

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Three 82 brings boutique four-bedroom townhome collection to Ivanhoe

Builder-developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/graya">Graya</a> has secured a prime Newstead site from fellow developer Fraser, subsequently lodging plans for The Silo, a major mixed-use residential project in Newstead designed around a new public laneway linking the James Street precinct with the wider Gasworks and Newstead neighbourhood.

Proposed for the corner of Chester and Morse streets, the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/bureauproberts">Bureau^Proberts</a>-designed project places its strongest emphasis at ground level, where retail, landscaping and a new cobblestone pedestrian connection would open the site to the surrounding neighbourhood. The design team describes The Silo as “more than a residential building”, positioning the development as an extension of Newstead’s public realm rather than a standalone apartment tower.

“A new cobblestone laneway and landscaped connection between James Street and Gasworks unlock a missing pedestrian link, improving walkability and stitching together two of Brisbane’s significant urban destinations,” Bureau Proberts said in its Urban Design Report.

<img alt="First look: Graya plans The Silo as new pedestrian link between James Street and Gasworks" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0ea1b06a-75f5-40a5-b2c5-33c97bc86052" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/silo%20bldg.png?VersionId=KmjsAtNePu57_B31EM_DJ5T6KPJHtcmo" />

The Silo is planned as a mixed-use development incorporating apartments alongside a bar and centre activities including food and drink outlets, indoor sport and recreation, office and retail uses.

Architecturally, Bureau Proberts has conceived the building as a collection of vertically expressed, stepping forms rather than a single uniform tower. The composition rises from an articulated podium before being broken by a triple-height landscaped recreation level, with the upper section becoming more compact before terminating in a landscaped rooftop garden.

The project's name and architectural language draw directly from Newstead's industrial history. Patterned off-form concrete is proposed as the principal façade material, complemented by slender metal rod balustrades and extensive planting. The cylindrical and vertically ribbed elements give the building its silo-like expression, while curved balconies and planted edges introduce a softer subtropical layer.

“The Silo reinterprets its robust forms, scale and materiality through a contemporary subtropical architectural expression, creating a building that acknowledges its industrial legacy, while responding to the way the precinct is occupied today,” Bureau^Proberts said.

The recreation level is one of the defining breaks in the tower. Plans include a lap pool, mature subtropical planting and shared resident facilities within an elevated communal garden. Landscaping continues through the podium and onto the rooftop, where a further garden forms what the architects describe as a “subtropical crown” to the building.

<img alt="First look: Graya plans The Silo as new pedestrian link between James Street and Gasworks" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f8451036-35a4-49a9-8d88-2ef4438eba3d" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Silo%20Lane.png?VersionId=h8N31_rYmCEqoNrpt4kbYVQhJGZn60LH" />

At street level, the development has been designed to establish a more permeable block. Retail and hospitality tenancies address the public realm, while landscaped pedestrian spaces lead into the new laneway connection. Renders in the design report show the proposed “Silo Lane” as a substantial opening through the podium, framed by cylindrical concrete forms with cascading planting above.

The Silo continues Graya's move into larger apartment developments after building its reputation across high-end residential projects in Brisbane and the Gold Coast.

Graya buys Frasers Newstead site, plans The Silo between James Street and Gasworks precincts

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/wickton">Wickton</a>’s completed Linacre Rise development in Hampton is giving Bayside downsizers the opportunity to move into a spacious apartment near the beach, with the developer covering stamp duty for a limited time.

The 27-residence development has been designed for buyers who want to simplify their living arrangements without giving up the space, warmth and quality associated with a long-term family home. Most apartments have already been secured by Bayside locals, leaving a select collection of two and three-bedroom residences and penthouses available.

Two-bedroom apartments are priced from $1.275 million, three-bedroom residences from $2.25 million and penthouses from $3.375 million, with the completed homes available to inspect and move into now.

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<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/linacre-rise-hampton-8-10-linacre-road-hampton-vic-3188">Linacre Rise</a> occupies an elevated position on one of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/hampton-vic-3188">Hampton</a>’s quiet, tree-lined streets, around 250 metres from the bay and 500 metres from Hampton’s village centre. Its setting gives residents access to the beach, local cafés, shops and Hampton Train Station while retaining the feel of an established residential neighbourhood.

Architecture and interiors by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/ewert-leaf">Ewert Leaf</a> draw on the warmth and permanence of traditional brickwork, with the building integrated into terraced landscaping by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/landscape-architect/john-patrick-landscape-architects">John Patrick</a>. Ground-floor apartments are elevated above the street and include private garden courtyards, while several upper-level residences have generous balconies and outlooks toward the bay.

Inside, the residences favour natural materials and generous proportions. Herringbone-pattern European oak flooring, natural stone benchtops, premium joinery and Swiss V-ZUG appliances are among the key inclusions, while integrated storage has been incorporated across kitchens, bathrooms, studies and living areas.

The kitchens have been planned as practical spaces for both everyday use and entertaining, with substantial island benches, detailed cabinetry and adjoining dining and living zones. Full-height wardrobes, plush bedroom carpeting and carefully considered lighting reinforce the residential character Wickton sought to retain for buyers moving from larger homes.

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A Linacre Rise purchaser said the completed apartment had delivered the space, outlook and construction quality they had been seeking.

“The unit is very light, has views to die for over the bay, all construction materials and fittings are premium quality, we have secure parking for three cars, EV charging at very competitive rates, the neighbours are friendly and there is just a lovely ambiance about the place,” the purchaser said.

Environmental features include solar panels, shared electric vehicle charging stations, rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing and landscape irrigation, double-glazed windows and water-efficient fixtures and appliances.

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The development was built by Balmain &amp; Co, with Wickton managing the broader development process through its in-house team.

For downsizers, the project’s completed status removes much of the uncertainty associated with buying off the plan. Purchasers can inspect the finished apartments, understand their outlook and proportions, and move in without waiting for construction to conclude.

The remaining selection includes north-oriented balconies, corner configurations and penthouses with elevated bay views. The developer-paid stamp duty initiative is available for a limited time, with potential savings of up to $200,000 depending on the residence purchased.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=95289]

Limited-time stamp duty offer at completed Linacre Rise apartments in Hampton

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

&nbsp;

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

For most Australians, buying an apartment is one of the biggest financial decisions they'll ever make

The location, floorplan and price are often the first considerations, but in recent years another question has become increasingly important: who is actually delivering the project?

A series of high-profile builder collapses, construction delays and defect concerns have fundamentally changed how many Victorians approach buying off the plan. The collapse of Porter Davis in 2023, which reportedly left around 1,700 homes unfinished, became one of the most visible examples of the risks that can emerge when a construction company fails. <a href="https://www.equifax.com.au/sites/default/files/lpassets/pdf/Final-Business-Market-Pulse-June-Sector-Deep-Dive-Report-2.pdf">Similar challenges across the broader construction sector</a> have left buyers asking more questions before signing a contract.

As Victoria continues encouraging higher-density housing to address supply shortages, transparency is becoming just as important as location or price.

One tool increasingly entering the conversation is the <a href="https://icirt.com/">Independent Construction Industry Rating Tool (iCIRT)</a>, an independent assessment framework designed to help buyers better understand the developer or builder behind a project. Originally developed by Equifax in consultation with government and industry as part of NSW's Construct NSW reforms, the system has since expanded nationally.

<h2 data-end="1519" data-section-id="7nmx3" data-start="1492">What is an iCIRT rating?</h2>

Most Australians are familiar with independent ratings in everyday life.

We compare ANCAP safety ratings before buying a car. We look at Health Star Ratings in supermarkets. Banks rely on credit assessments when lending money.

Until recently, however, there has been very little independent information available to help apartment buyers assess the business responsible for delivering a residential project.

That gap is what iCIRT was designed to address.

Builders, developers and other construction professionals with an iCIRT rating have demonstrated high-trust characteristics through an independent, evidence-based assessment across six criteria: Character, Capability, Conduct, Capacity, Capital and Counterparties. This involves a rigorous review of financial health, past project track record, and ethical conduct. Crucially, an iCIRT rating could help provide property buyers with confidence that they are working with a professional who has demonstrated the capability, capacity, and willingness to return and rectify issues.

Importantly, iCIRT is not a recommendation to purchase a particular property, nor is it a traditional credit rating. It is an independent assessment framework designed to provide objective information about a construction business using a <a href="https://icirt.com/sites/default/files/2025-08/iCIRT-Methodology-Issue1-May-2021.pdf">published methodology</a>.

The system has been widely adopted in New South Wales, where more than one-third of medium and large residential builders and developers now hold an iCIRT rating, representing over two-thirds of the state's residential building market by value as of 2025/26.

<h2 data-end="3126" data-section-id="h6ohtj" data-start="3084">Why buyers are doing more due diligence</h2>

For many buyers, particularly those purchasing off the plan, the biggest risk isn't whether they'll like the kitchen finishes.

It's whether the project will be delivered on time, to the expected quality, and by a company capable of completing the development.

<a href="https://icirt.com/sites/default/files/2026-07/iCIRT%202025%20Consumer%20Survey%20Report%20v05.pdf">Consumer research commissioned by iCIRT</a> found more than half of respondents believed current protections do not adequately safeguard buyers from builder insolvencies or defective projects. Other research found 88 per cent of prospective buyers would seek independent ratings or due diligence before purchasing, while 90 per cent said trust in construction professionals is essential.

That doesn't mean buyers should rely on a single rating alone.

Independent legal advice, understanding the contract, and seeking financial advice all remain important parts of the due diligence process.

However, an independent assessment can provide another source of information alongside those traditional checks.

<h2 data-end="4138" data-section-id="pquzxc" data-start="4094">Trust is becoming a competitive advantage</h2>

The conversation isn't only changing for buyers.

Developers are also recognising that trust has become an increasingly important part of the sales process.

Five years ago, purchasers typically asked about floorplans, finishes and settlement dates.

Today, sales teams are increasingly being asked about the developer's experience, financial stability, previous projects and construction partners.

For companies with strong governance and established delivery records, an independent iCIRT rating provides another way to demonstrate those credentials before buyers even visit a display suite.

According to Equifax, the assessment can also help businesses drive sales and <a href="https://icirt.com/resources-for-business/icirt-rating-helps-scion-secure-high-value-projects">secure high-value projects</a>, as well as identify operational improvements and <a href="https://icirt.com/resources-for-business/mirvac-reinforces-brand-trust-and-quality-independent-icirt-rating">attract top talent</a>.

<h2 data-end="4962" data-section-id="1j54ng5" data-start="4912">Beyond buyers: lenders are paying attention too</h2>

The influence of independent construction ratings is also extending beyond consumers.

According to Stamford Capital's Real Estate Debt Capital Markets Survey, an increasing number of lenders now incorporate iCIRT ratings into their due diligence processes when assessing residential development finance applications.

The survey found lender adoption has continued to rise, with many respondents saying independent assessments provide additional insight into governance, counterparties and delivery capability beyond traditional financial analysis. Some lenders also reported declining funding applications where businesses had poor or no ratings.

As construction costs remain elevated and access to development finance becomes more selective, demonstrating credibility is becoming increasingly valuable.

<h2 data-end="5801" data-section-id="1qazuxs" data-start="5772">What it means for Victoria</h2>

Victoria's apartment market is entering a new phase.

The state is seeking to accelerate higher-density housing while simultaneously introducing reforms aimed at improving confidence in residential construction.

For buyers, that means there are more tools available than ever before to research the businesses behind a project.

For developers, it signals that transparency is becoming another point of differentiation in an increasingly competitive market.

Buyers are asking more questions than ever before and increasingly expecting independent information, not just marketing material, before making one of the biggest financial commitments of their lives.

Find out how to get iCIRT rated <a href="https://www.icirt.com/sites/default/files/2025-08/iCIRT-Infographic-Assessment-Process-Final.pdf">here</a>.

<hr data-end="6469" data-start="6466" />
The information contained in this article is general in nature and does not constitute personal, financial, legal or tax advice. It does not take into account your personal objectives, financial situation or needs. Therefore, you should consider whether the information is appropriate to your circumstances before acting on it and, where appropriate, seek independent professional advice.

This article contains links to third-party websites. These links are provided for convenience only. Equifax Australia does not control and is not responsible for the content, accuracy or privacy practices of external sites.

Copyright © 2026 Equifax Australia Information Services and Solutions Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.

Buying off-the-plan in Melbourne? How independent iCIRT ratings are set to change Victorian property

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The problem (as I see it) with commentaries about the Australian property markets is the diverse opinions about which way it’s headed. I see the main hurdle being interest rates, not a booming market, given the former is actually the handbrake on property prices. 
<a title="Prepare for interest rates rising sooner than expected" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/finance/prepare-for-interest-rates-rising-sooner-than-expected-findercomau/2013101665753" target="_blank">Prepare for interest rates rising sooner than expected</a> after America raised their debt ceiling, it could impact funding costs in the Australian home loan market. It was pointed out that should average variable interest rates return to normal levels of 7% borrowers would be slugged an extra $755 million of extra repayments collectively. The Reserve Bank of Australia advises that almost a quarter of lenders’ monies are sourced from offshore so it’s inevitable that these increased costs are passed on to the borrowers.
<a title="Nobel Prize winner Robert Shiller warns of ‘bubbly’ global home prices" href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/nobel-prize-winner-robert-shiller-warns-of-bubbly-global-home-prices-20131015-2vjh1" target="_blank">Nobel Prize winner Robert Shiller warns of ‘bubbly’ global home prices</a> “This financial crisis that we’ve been going through the last five years has been one that seems to reveal the failure to understand price movements.” Well that’s true in a sense although the accelerator that caused the most damage in the GFC was the shoddy home loans where the lenders in America have absolutely no re- course should a borrower default. Unlike in Australia where, should you default, the lenders immediately commence legal action to recover the outstanding debt.
If you take a moment to look at the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) you will see over the past 10 years Australian house prices have risen by a staggering 64%. Savings also grew by 61% and the Australian share market delivered gains in the order of 60%. Based on that data one should hardly be concerned about the current machinations of the Australian property market.
The minutes from the RBA October meeting were released this week where it was again revealed that they have not ruled out further cuts – although I see this as being highly unlikely. Although the elephant in the room, Australia’s economy has suffered a <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/economic-growth-loses-momentum-20131016-2vlw3" target="_blank">significant loss of momentum</a> since the start of the year as its transition away from mining investment – led growth gets bumpy.
The Westpac/Melbourne Institute Leading Index, which indicates the likely pace of economic activity three to nine months into the future, was 3.2% in August, down from 4% in July but marginally above its long term trend of 2.9%.
<img alt="15-10-2013 9-23-37 AM" src="https://www.rwm.com.au/files/2013/10/15-10-2013-9-23-37-AM.jpg" width="470" height="400">
<a title="First home buyer lending drops to lowest point since 2004" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-14/home-loans-to-occupiers-drop-in-august/5020168" target="_blank">First home buyer lending drops to lowest point since 2004</a> – well we also have the lowest cash rate ever and lenders are telling the first home buyers to do the calculations for their repayments at 7.00% which explains why they have opted out of the market. You see despite all the ongoing conspiracy theories there is a simple explanation for everything. To further add to the confusion <a title="Sydney home prices forecast to rise by 19 per cent" href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/sydney-home-prices-forecast-to-rise-by-19-per-cent-20131015-2vk2l" target="_blank">Sydney home prices forecast to rise by 19%</a> – well this is nothing more than a guesstimate which would have been based on the cash rate remaining at or about its current level. It is also a projection over three years so that would be 6% per annum.
This <a href="https://www.rwm.com.au/news/" target="_blank">week’s sales</a> were mild to say the least although we are seeing a very interesting trend – two years ago Mosman had 147 houses on the market and last year 116 and this week it’s 88. The simple truth is that following the GFC households have toned down their exuberance to play the property markets. In apartments two years ago there were 100 on the market, this time last year 104 and this week 50. The reason why is that we have more investors in the market and they are holding. There are 4,900 houses in Mosman and before the GFC the market would trade at approximately 10% per annum – today this figure sits between 5 and 7%.
<a title="Aussie’s the world’s richest people" href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/aussies-the-worlds-richest-people-credit-suisse-20131009-2v7qy" target="_blank">Aussie’s the world’s richest people</a> and <a title="Australian super ranked third in the world " href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/australian-super-ranked-third-in-world-20131007-2v49x" target="_blank">Australian super ranked third in the world, </a>so given all the doom and gloom we have some light at the end of the tunnel.
For mine the biggest announcement of the week <a title="Hockey flags tax reform agenda" href="https://www.businessspectator.com.au/news/2013/10/16/politics/hockey-flags-tax-reform-agenda" target="_blank">Hockey flags tax reform agenda</a> which is exactly what the Labor government should have done with the carbon tax. The previous government sat on the Henry Report into Australia’s taxation system and in turn ignored all the recommendations. At the next election in 2016 voters will have their say – where I would not be surprised if negative gearing cops an enormous hit.

<hr>
Robert Simeon is a director of <a style="font-size: 14px;" title="RWM" href="https://www.rwm.com.au/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Richardson  Wrench Mosman and Neutral Bay </a>and has been selling residential real estate in Sydney since 1985. 
He has also been writing real estate blog <a title="Virtual Realty News" href="https://www.rwm.com.au/news/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Virtual Realty News</a> since 2000. 
The RWM real estate model has sold in excess of $1 billion in database sales globally.
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robertsimeon-hRNTwJyXkQ

No reason to be alarmed by the state of property market: Robert Simeon

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Western Australia has once again outdone the other states and territories in terms of economic strength, but it may be one of its last stints on top as the mining boom comes to an end.
WA is leading the way in terms of retail trade and is the second strongest economy when it comes to growth and business investment, according to CommSec’s State of the States report.
But CommSec chief economist Craig James said WA may not be leading the states and territories for much longer.
“I don’t think any state or territory stays at the top forever, it’s just like no sports team does either,” he says.
“There is a maturation of the growth and there are different growth drivers. Mining investment has lessened and that’s taken some momentum away,” he says.
In April last year <a target="_blank" href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/25475-western-australia-first--daylight-second-in-latest--state-of-the-states--report">WA was leading the way in five out of the eight categories</a> examined by CommSec – economic growth, construction work, unemployment, retail trade and equipment investment. It also came second in the population growth category.
Now, it leads just one category, although it ranked second on another five of the indicators.
“The actual strength in Western Australia is not the mining sector, but retail spending as we’re seeing a pickup in terms of the housing sector, and that’s being replicated through in terms of job growth and also retail sales,” James said when presenting the results.
In terms of the other states and territories, the Australian Capital Territory came in second for the second quarter in a row and there is now little separation between the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, which ranked in that order.
South Australia and Tasmania are trailing significantly.
ACT
The second best performer in the economy, the ACT’s strength is in the housing sector, dwelling starts, population growth and housing finance.
It is also ranked the third strongest on business investment and fourth in terms of economic growth.
In terms of employment, the ACT’s unemployment rate of 4.1% is lower than the other states and territories. However, it’s significantly up on its decade average of 3.4%.
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory has come in third on the rankings, but it has lost ground in dwelling starts, population growth and business investment.
It continues to lead the states and territories in the economic growth category, with its economic activity 42% above its decade-average.
Queensland
Queensland is “the big mover” this quarter, according to James.
Queensland and NSW are now in equal fourth, as the sunshine state’s main growth driver has come from improvements in business investment.
Despite this, it is still lagging in terms of housing pickup.
“Queensland has momentum on its side, but it’s still lacking in terms of population growth. Dwelling starts are also picking up and business investment is strong, so this provides momentum to the economy,” James said.
NSW
The key strength of the NSW economy is its jobs market, while it lags in terms of economic growth.
NSW’s trend unemployment rate is higher than a lot of the nation at 5.5%. However, this is significantly lower than its decade average of 9%.
Victoria
Victoria is not far behind NSW and Queensland, and is currently being supported by the housing sector recovery.
It’s also performing well in terms of its jobs market, but the construction sector is negatively impacting the economy, with Victoria ranking seventh of eighth.
South Australia
A big gap exists between South Australia and Victoria, with its best performance a middle-ranking in the construction category. It ranked second last in most of the categories.
Tasmania
Tasmania was by far the worst performing state. While most states had a clear weakness, Tasmania’s was listed on the report as “various”.
Placing last on all eight economic indicators, stagnant population growth has reduced activity in the housing sector, as well as commercial and engineering construction and business investment.

<hr>
This article first appeared on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au">SmartCompany</a>.
 
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yredrup-o4Anfe78KF

WA continues to lead, but the rest of Australia is catching up: State of the States report

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This tweet about a case in Ohio may shock.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The landlord may be liable when a tenant's Facebook harassment leads to a rape <a target="_blank" href="https://t.co/AWw9KASR0O">https://t.co/AWw9KASR0O</a>
— Forbes Tech News (@ForbesTech) <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://twitter.com/ForbesTech/statuses/391541703070720000">October 19, 2013</a>
</blockquote>
 
It details the situation of two people living within the same apartment complex. Haynes, a live-in boyfriend (not on the lease) of tenant Schmidt, began threatening downstairs tenant Lindsay who had been complaining about the noise.
The Forbes article explains that Lindsay received a pseudonymous Facebook message that included a pornographic video, which she believed was sent by Haynes.
She took it to her landlord, asking to be released from the lease as she feared for her safety. The landlord moved her to another apartment within the complex, and told Haynes he needed to leave as he wasn't on the lease. Haynes tried to be added to the lease, but due to bad credit history he was not able to. He was not evicted.
He then raped Lindsay in her new apartment.
A shocking story, but what may shock landlords is what occured next. Haynes was convicted of the crime, and given nine years in prison. Lindsay then took the landlord to court.
“While Haynes’ Facebook communication alone did not rise to the level of criminal activity, it nonetheless made Towne Properties management even more aware of why Lindsay feared Haynes, and aware of Haynes’ escalating behavior toward Lindsay," the Court responded.
The landlord is now due in court with a jury.
Property Observer is looking into what may occur in a similar situation in Australia.
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jduke-EHk3XBmHkn

Landlord faces jury due to tenant's harassment leading to rape

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Last week, we launched our new series - discussing how to find that first, critical, investment. When we polled the Property Observer readers, the number one topic that stood out for investigation  was how to assess capital growth potential in a property.  
Each day this week, we'll be drilling down further into this particular topic, before we move onto another.  
The basics  
Property experts will disagree on a number of things: new, established, unit, house, blue chip, gentrifying and a range of other factors. One thing rarely disagreed upon, however, is this: the importance of keeping an eye on supply and demand.  
Observer Pete Wargent wrote about some of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/residential/property-prices-determined-by-supply-and-demand-balance-pete-wargent/2012121957849">supply/demand fundamentals</a> to consider at the end of last year that are still as relevant as ever.
When it comes to assessing the capital growth potential of a property, the best thing any property investor can do is bring it back to this unexpectedly complicated balance.  
Let’s unpack this a little bit.  
Supply – The number of properties available in an area.  
Demand – The number of people wanting (and able) to purchase these properties.  
Bryce Holdaway recently revealed his <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/news/behind-the-scenes-with-bryce-holdaway/2013091064935">crucial aspects of choosing that first investment property</a> and supply/demand was clearly crucial. 
Say, for instance, I have one strawberry lollipop. Say there’s one person craving this particular type of strawberry lollipop. There may be cola lollipops, pineapple cream and others, but they want this one.  
They’re happy to pay my $1.20, when the other lollipops are going for $1. If, however, there are three people craving this particular lollipop, they might offer against each other, driving the price to $1.50. Looking at it the other way, if four people also have strawberry lollipops they're trying to sell and there are still only three people craving the flavour, it's likely the price may drop.  
This is where concepts of scarcity come into play. This was one of the factors that observer Monique Sasson Wakelin recently revealed was one of her more <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/news/properties-that-will-double-in-value-in-seven-to-10-years-monique-sasson-wakelin/2013091265003">important points when choosing an investment property</a>.
Investing is, largely, all about the numbers – a habit our readers think is one of the most crucial for every property investor according to a recent article we posted – so let’s see how the numbers look.  
For instance, taking an area familiar with many Sydneysiders, The Hills District. A reader recently wrote in about Kellyville, and previous conversations with real estate agents have definitely confirmed that interest is at high levels across the LGA.  
In fact, a family who put their Beaumont Hills property on the market on Friday confirmed with Property Observer that a potential cash buyer was already lined up to view the property by Saturday.  
But how is this reflected in the statistics?  
Checking online’s SQM Research, it shows that currently the level of stock on market for postcode 2155 is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sqmresearch.com.au/graph_stock_on_market.php?sfx=&amp;postcode=2155&amp;t=1">trending down</a>, since February.
This does appear to correlate quite nicely to a median price uptick in the area over this time, as shown on our data page of <a target="_blank" href="/news">Beaumont Hills </a>(within the 2155 postcode).
The average days on market, also in the above link, can be indicative. With 59.4 days listed, under the Sydney number listed of 110.2, investors researching an area would be wise to watch this number change over time.  
An ideal situation for many investors, is an area where you can buy in when the market isn't as hot, or as tight, in terms of supply and demand statistics. However, you'd want to know that these numbers are going to look more favourable through time to help increase your capital gains.  
Other supply/demand indicators are available online. Boomapp, developed by the team who created DSR Score (Demand Supply Ratio Score), uses eight statistics to create a number ranking of how the area performs.  
This includes vendor discounting, online search interest, auction clearance rates and a number of other facets. Clearly, there are a number of ways to approach calculating the supply and demand of an area.  
On top of the numbers, you'll want to be questioning the area for its future potential. Sometimes, this information doesn't come up in a straightforward number and requires some forethought and analysis on behalf of the individual investor.  
Over the page are a number of questions you need to be asking yourself about supply and demand.
 
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Questions to ask
When it comes to supply, ask yourself the following:
- What capacity does this area, and the surrounding areas, have to develop further?
Consider changes to zoning that could be made, the development-stance of the local council and any larger state plans that might affect the area. It also doesn't need to be an area with lots of land available, it could be that highrises could be built quickly.
- How quickly can supply change?
Look to see how long it can take for developments to get approval, and see if there are any 'quick' planning processes e.g. the 10-day approvals for some types of development in a number of Sydney suburbs.
- What are the different asset types, and which will be more scarce?
Even if an area is filled with units that are struggling to sell, the housing market may be a completely different story. You will want to know these inner workings.  
When it comes to demand, ask yourself the following:
- What are the demand pressures?
Look for population, immigration, employment opportunities and similar.
- What demand pressures may there be in the future?
Maybe there's going to be a new airport or hospital built, or perhaps you're expecting some significant infrastructure investment from the government. Ensure you understand what will happen and what is speculation.
- How quickly can demand change?
If, for instance, you are looking at a mining town, you will want to know how quickly the operation can be wrapped up and whether enough demand will be present from other sources. Consider this about non-mining areas too, and look for a diverse range of demand drivers.
- What type of property is in demand?
Residents may desire three-bedroom two-bathroom houses, however this dynamic may be set to change in the future. Keep the length of your investment plan in mind. You will also want to consider price point and what the majority of buyers can afford.  
We will ask the experts their process for assessing capital growth potential tomorrow, as well as fill you in on how to determine the capital growth ceiling, when to use past growth and which of these supply/demand aspects really pushes the value higher.  
 
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Assessing capital growth potential: Supply and Demand

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It’s hard to believe we need to consistently go over the impact a concentration of investment into established housing has on affordability to the detriment of low-income workers and renters.
I’ve written extensively on it in the past, and many papers have been produced to outline the consequences in detail. However, over the past week, I received a string of emails from interested readers and journalists asking for my comments on negative gearing. Therefore, I hope you will forgive me for reiterating a few basic points.
To be against negative gearing as a policy incentive is not a stance against investment into the housing market.
Indeed we need a steady provision of rental accommodation because there will always be a proportion of the population unable or unwilling to purchase, or in need of a transitional period of tenancy due to job changes.
Albeit, a drop in ownership rates from families with children from 79.5%-77.2% over the last census interim - our biggest demographic of home buyers - coupled with yields outpacing both wage growth and inflation over the corresponding period and beyond, highlights a growing and somewhat concerning trend.
Leading up to the peak of 2010, Australia had an unparalleled property boom which not only heralded us top of the “Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey” for subsequent years, but placed household debt to income ratios at around 150% which can hardly be called healthy.
I’m sure many have grown tired of being lectured on the many viable reasons why we’ve seen prices and subsequently household debt increase (ease of lending, lower borrowing rates, and wage growth to name but a few). However, whilst you can argue over the details contained in housing affordability reports as many have done in the past – or fall back on previous statements made by the RBA which conclude:
<a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2012/dec/pdf/bu-1212-2.pdf">“Australia is now broadly in line with other comparable countries, having risen relative to other countries since 1980 when it was at the lower end..”</a>
It’s rather embarrassing that these comparable countries - including the UK, New Zealand, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Canada, and all international terrains which having been through somewhat harder lessons than our own - also battle to induce first home buyers out from underneath their rental blankets as high prices and shortages of stock herald arguments similar to those voiced here.
Yes - Australia has a shortage of accommodation in areas most want to live, work, play and importantly purchase. As I argued last week, this pattern of behaviour has predominantly been driven by years of poor planning for population growth, leading many to conclude, they have little option but to situate close to centralised job districts rather than incur the inflated cost and time of commuting on already over-crowded arterials.
However, all of he above has also been exacerbated by our tax policy of negative gearing.
As the Henry Tax review pointed out, Australia has a system that taxes income from work and savings at a higher rate than other forms of investment (including borrowing and speculating), which are taxed at a lower rate.
In other countries such as the USA, investors of geared properties can only claim tax deductions for interest on borrowings against the income generated by the property until sold.  However, the Australian system allows heavily geared investors to deduct against wages thereby reducing their overall tax bill, which, when combined with various other incentives such as depreciation, makes it a very attractive policy for high income earners to the disadvantage of lower wage individuals, unable to bridge the gap between the income the property generates and the outgoing expenses.
The success of negative gearing relies solely on the growth of the asset.  Without good capital appreciation, negative gearing doesn’t work.  Therefore, investors taking advantage of the incentives are for want of a better word ‘speculators’ who have concentrated their attention on the established market principally in the inner and middle ring suburbs – areas that attract the highest levels of concentrated buyer activity.
Consequently, 92% of residential investors borrow to purchase second hand dwellings, leaving the new housing market without enough investment to induce an adequate provision of supply or infrastructure. This inflates the cost of established stock, leaving a widening gap between price and yield – leading investors even more reliant on the band-aid of negative gearing to fund their activities.
With 1.2 million negatively geared investors (speculators) relying on appreciation, predicting movements in the market place is a national past time.  You’ll hear it trotted out frequently that we’re at ‘such and such’ stage of the ‘property clock’ or ‘property cycle’.  Second-guessing rises or falls in the RBA rate has become a popular sport on Twitter and various other media outlets.
The RBA noted as early as 2003, when advocating a moderation of demand in the property market amongst investors, by way of tightening of the current negative gearing rules - the rises in Australia’s established market have been inflated principally from a growth in investor demand aimed overwhelmingly at the second hand dwellings.
The RBA described the demand as unprecedented with the concentration overwhelmingly on properties around the median price point (currently circa $500,000) where overall demand from home buyers is also at its highest.
On the surface it may seem somewhat contradictory that a policy benefitting investors could negatively impact renters.  Albeit, rather than having the spruiked desired effect of aiding rental affordability and rental supply, the results speak for themselves.
Over the previous five years, Australia’s rental yields have risen 49.2%, outpacing growth in housing loan repayments for the same period. Furthermore, long-term vacancy rates sitting firmly below 5% and in established areas they hover closer to 2%. Does this alone not ring bells that negative gearing as it stands, is doing little to solve rental shortages and consequently a growing affordability crisis?
Some put forward the debate that property investment should be viewed no differently from any other small business such as dog washing and so forth.  However, property is not only a wealth generating asset, but as essential requirement for all - on a par with good medical care and food. Governments have a responsibility to provide policies that balance the market for investor, renter and most importantly the homebuyer alike. Not an easy task – but certainly not impossible.
Then there are those who take you back to the Hawke/Keating era during which negative gearing was to some extent quarantined.  The result was marginal at best, there was a dampening of investor enthusiasm and a small increase in rental yields in two main markets (Sydney and Perth) both of which were already experiencing vacancy rates below 1% and therefore had other factors weighing into the statistic. However, in other states there was no such rise and in some, such as Melbourne, rental growth actually slowed.
Additionally, the change in policy didn’t stay around long enough to take us through this transitional period and enable effective assessment of the results. Stringent lobbying by the real estate fraternity and property investors ensured at first opportunity the policy was re-introduced.
This is because real estate industry professionals love investors.  The transaction process is generally smoother with less emotional content involved and the selling agency benefits from the rental management once the purchaser has settled.  This helps cement a lasting relationship with their client’ as well as an ongoing potential income stream.  Hence why the majority would rarely voice opposition.
I have no doubt if the policy were removed, or even scaled down, there would be less demand for established stock and a subsequent dampening in prices.  I agree that a sudden and complete retraction of negative gearing in its current form would be foolish - favouring a slow wind-down whilst other policies are implemented such as strategies to aid development and increase supply. However, the notion that touching the golden egg of negatively geared property assets in a way which may dissuade buyers from banking on the established market to fund their retirement - seems to be one that’s culturally ingrained in the real estate fraternity.
You only have to turn on the TV to be bombarded with programs from The Living Room to The Block, which make everyone feel like a rookie renovator able to tap into the wealth of their property investments with a quick makeover, or fuel the perception that you can pick up a good property as some magically suggest- below its intrinsic value and add value to create profit - to know obsession with property investment goes above and beyond negative gearing alone.
Indeed, if someone could prove to me that any of our current modes of investment have led to:
1)      An improvement in housing affordability and supply;
2)      An increase in vacancy rates;
3)      A substantial boost to new housing and consequently infrastructure in ‘growth’ suburbs; or
4)      Lower rents for the most venerable in our society
I would be the first one campaigning on the streets in in favour of the plan.  However all of the above, negative gearing has failed to do.
I can’t help thinking back to a talk I attended at a previous REIV conference where a Victorian state minister was lecturing on the state of our economy (I won’t mention names).  During the course of his speech, he revealed he had ownership of nine investment properties – the majority of which are negatively geared. Therefore, you have to wonder who our leaders are protecting when opposing changes to the current status quo – it’s certainly not the low-income earner or renter.
In other words, negative gearing has been more to do with promoting property inflation growth at any cost, rather than aiding society. However, for those who want more detail on the consequential impact, I suggest reading the latest research paper from the Grattan Institute which can be downloaded <a href="https://grattan.edu.au/publications/reports/post/renovating-housing-policy/?utm_source=Grattan+Email+Subscription&amp;utm_campaign=65061545b6-Housing_Policy_Report_Launch10_18_2013_Email&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_27c1671191-65061545b6-251463634">here.</a>
<hr>
Catherine Cashmore is a market analyst with extensive experience in all aspects relating to property acquisition.
 
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Negative gearing - A boon for investors, not so great for renters: Catherine Cashmore

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Let’s see how this works in practice.
Mortgage holders: Michael and Fiona
Loan: $259,000 lo-doc facility with one of the major four banks Interest rate: 6.39%
Other debt: $44,000 (credit cards and personal loans with rates from 9%-20%)
The couple wanted to refinance to reduce their monthly repayments. After a comprehensive discussion with a lender about their current circumstances and goals, they were recommended a loan with a rate of 4.99%.
Savings: $3,200 per annum on their home loan, over $1,300 per annum on their credit card and personal loan debt.
Total: $4,500 per annum
There were costs involved for refinancing their debt; however, it still worked out to make more sense financially.
One-off costs: $265 for a valuation fee, $395 for lender’s legal costs
There were no application or servicing fees, and Michael and Fiona could see how these costs would be outweighed by the longer term savings.


<hr>
This article is from Property Observer's free ebook <a target="_parent" href="http://propertyobserver.com.au/ebooks/free-ebook-mastering-the-art-of-refinancing-12-tips-for-success-and-key-things-to-consider">Mastering the Art of Refinancing: 12 tips for success and key things to consider</a>.
 
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Refinancing case study

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The auction heat has really turned up across Australia.
Victoria is getting set to have it's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/victoria/high-level-of-choice-for-buyers-rp-data-s-melbourne-october-19-weekend-auction-preview/2013101765780?utm_source=po&amp;utm_medium=aida&amp;utm_campaign=newsplusmain">busiest auction week ever</a>, while Sydney is consistently posting 80% plus auction clearance rates.
Award-winning auctioneer and director of <a href="https://www.marshallwhite.com.au/" target="_blank">Marshall White</a>, Marcus Chiminello, shares his top five tips for buying at a busy auction. 
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/number-1.jpg" width="20" height="30" alt="number-1" style="float: left;">Don’t get to the auction too early (five minutes beforehand is plenty) this will help with nerves.
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/number-2.jpg" width="26" height="30" alt="number-2" style="float: left;">
Bid strongly and respond quickly to your competing bidders.  
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/number-3.jpg" width="22" height="30" alt="number-3" style="float: left;">Ensure you set your limit on a odd figure such as $1,207,000 – too many buyers set their limits on even figures such as $1,200,000 and don’t realise they are missing their dream home by very little money in the over all scheme of things.
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/number-4.jpg" width="22" height="30" alt="number-4" style="float: left;">When bidding, bid with absolute intent and give the crowd the impression you have an unlimited budget and you will own this home in the coming minutes.
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/number-5.jpg" width="22" height="30" alt="number-5" style="float: left;"> If all of this sounds too daunting or nerve racking, employ a professional to do it for you. Melbourne is fortunate to have some of Australia’s best buyers advocates so it may be worthwhile having a chat with them.
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Five tips for buying at a busy auction

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Angelo Property Group’s MIYA Fitzroy development is 90% sold following an eight-week word of mouth sales campaign.
Of the 60 apartments and townhouses on Kerr Street, only six remain for purchase off-the-plan – four apartments and two townhouses.
Architecturally designed by Kennedy Nolan, the development lobby will feature sleek stone terrazzo tile floors and wide limed timber wall panels.
The heritage fronting on Rose Street will also be restored.
MIYA will also feature Japanese inspired gardens by landscape designer Jack Merlo, which will be filled to bamobbo, gingkoes, camellias and jasmine
“Fitzroy is the only city fringe area that doesn’t currently have an oversupply of apartments,” said Ange Angelo, director of Angelo Property Group.
“Buyers are drawn to the area for its lifestyle, but the high level of demand and rental return also makes Fitzroy extremely appealing for investors.
“MIYA will offer our residents the best of both worlds, a slice of Eden and easy access to one of Melbourne’s most vibrant streets.
The gardens and open spaces in MIYA give people a living experience unlike any other project we’ve seen in Fitzroy,” says Angelo.
Angelo says Angelo Property Group consulted with the community and were careful to include their feedback in the design, as well as take the heritage of the area into consideration.
Three one-bedroom apartments remain, priced from $450,000 and start from 65 square metres and one two-bedroom apartment remains priced from $600,000.
Two townhouses remain priced from $900,000.
Construction is due to start in December, six months ahead of schedule due to the strong buyer demand.
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Strong buyer demand brings forward Fitzroy's MIYA development by six months

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When the 2,827 square metre site on St Kilda Road went to market, Caydon principal Joe Russo knew he had to have it and splashed nearly $21 million to purchase it.
“The synergy of location, the opportunity to build St Kilda’s tallest residential building that overlooks the beach and city in a south after location… it has it all when it comes to property investment,” says Russo.
The $200 million project - known as S.T.K – will include 309 apartments and 19 townhouses.
Russo says every aspect of the site is a draw card.
“I chose the site because of its location – close to the beach and the city – a place where people want to live.
“S.T.K offers an unrepeatable opportunity to live in this location with over 70% of apartments having incredible water and city views,” says Russo.
The purchasing of the site wasn’t how everyone would imagine, with Russo and the vendor throwing around different numbers.
Russo’s daughter sat it on the meeting, and when a decision couldn’t be made, after listening quietly she said, “why don’t you meet in the middle?” – which was a simple enough suggestion for a young girl, and a fair one too.
The 26-level building, made up of two structures within one façade, will house one- and two-bedroom apartments, as well as two-bedroom dual level rooftop terraces.
The S.T.K display suite at Caydon’s head office in Abbotsford allowed potential purchasers to see the actual view they would see from their chosen level.
The team at Caydon took photos from every floor in order to provide a true picture of what residents could buy.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
At the <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/Caydon">@Caydon</a> display suite for S.T.K, feel like I'm in my own apartment <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23propertyobserving&amp;src=hash">#propertyobserving</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/propertyobs">@propertyobs</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://t.co/ZeZf5kGqEv">pic.twitter.com/ZeZf5kGqEv</a>
— Nicola Trotman (@NicolaKTrotman) <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://twitter.com/NicolaKTrotman/statuses/386020146784923648">October 4, 2013</a>
</blockquote>
Caydon purchased the site with the existing planning permit and kept the same envelope, but reconfigured the apartments to optimize views.
Caydon wanted to take a futuristic approach to buying off the plan, offering potential buyers a 3D life-like vision of their future property.
“We pushed technological boundaries, incorporating leaders in their fields from all over the world – even bringing hardware from Silicon Valley not yet released to the general public,” says John Paige marketing manager.
“The result is as close to a life-like experience as you can get without actually building the apartment.
“We did this for one simple reason, to help solve the age long question our clients ask when buying off the plan – how will it actually feel to be in my apartment?” says Paige.
Using the latest in 3D technology, many images are overlapped to create 3D vision.
Paige says the glasses themselves have only been sent out to key software developers around the world to trial.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
3D goggles, now I'm really inside my own S.T.K apartment. A must for display suites, pretty cool <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23propertyobserving&amp;src=hash">#propertyobserving</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://t.co/PqbXvXUxO5">pic.twitter.com/PqbXvXUxO5</a>
— Nicola Trotman (@NicolaKTrotman) <a target="_blank" href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://twitter.com/NicolaKTrotman/statuses/386021119750180864">October 4, 2013</a>
</blockquote>
More than 130 apartments have been sold to investors and owner-occupiers.
“There has been an interesting mix of buyers with a number of investors buying now to live in later, and also buying apartments for their children,” says Russo.
Russo says there have also been repeat buyers who have bought in other Caydon developments such as Trilogi and Atria.
One-bedroom apartments range in size from 50 square metres to 61 square metres and range in price from $380,000 to $527,000.
Two-bedroom apartments range in size from 64 square metres to 87 square metres and range in price from $560,000 to $842,000.
Townhouses on Barkly Street range in size from 68 square metres to 71 square metres and rooftop terrace townhouses range in size from 82 square metres to 100 square metres.
Townhouses range in price from $645,000 to $820,000.
Designed by Eades and Bergman, apartments will feature textured splashbacks, marble finishes, satin chrome fixtures and timber flooring.
Residents will have access to the S.T.K club, comprising of a 20-metre infinity edge pool, gym, steam room, yoga room, business lounge and a library.
“With any Caydon development I am in this for the long term,” says Russo.
“S.T.K will be an icon of what St Kilda is all about - I see it as redefining people’s expectations of what urban living is all about.
“Market cycles don’t both me; a standout location such as S.T.K coupled with the Caydon brand of exceptional quality in residential living ensures the success of S.T.K,” says Russo.
Construction is scheduled to commence early next year with an expected completion date of late 2015.
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Caydon's S.T.K development impresses with a life-like experience

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While whole of year data on premium housing markets by RP Data indicates a lull in activity at the top end at the beginning of this new growth phase in the property cycle, an analysis of activity across the most recent quarter suggests that conditions may be lifting.
Premium housing markets have generally recorded a larger correction in values than other price segments with the recovery rate to-date below par. However, recent results show that premium housing markets are once again beginning to outperform the broader housing market.
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/kusher-oct-18-one.gif" width="470" height="238" alt="kusher-oct-18-one">
The September 2013 RP Data-Rismark Stratified Hedonic home value results showed that across the most expensive 25% of suburbs, capital city home values increased by 4.5% over the 12 months As a comparison, the most affordable 25% of suburbs recorded annual value growth of 6.2%, while the middle 50% of suburbs saw values rise by 6.4%.
While the results indicated that capital growth across the premium suburbs fell behind when compared to other market sectors over the past 12 month measure, recent quarterly figures provides evidence that the tide may be turning for Australia’s more expensive housing markets.
The premium market, comprising of the most expensive 25% of capital city suburbs, recorded quarterly value growth of 4.1% compared to 3.6% across the middle 50% of suburbs and 2.8% growth across the most affordable suburbs.
Previous growth and correction phase data shows us that the premium housing market is usually the slowest to respond during the early phase of the growth cycle and it appears that this has once again been the case – we have also seen the largest correction occurring in home values over the past few years within the premium housing market.
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/kusher-oct-18-two.gif" width="470" height="208" alt="kusher-oct-18-two">
Several factors contribute to driving demand for premium housing. Higher priced sector of the market has seen the largest correction in values coupled with low mortgage rates where now, these homes become somewhat more attainable for purchasers.
A positive shift in equity markets which is evident in the 19.0% increase in the S&amp;P/ASX 200 index over the past year has boosted household wealth coupled with a rise in consumer confidence.
Finally, we have seen early indicators of an improvement in business conditions with survey-based results and retail trade showing tentative signs of improving in recent times.
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/kusher-oct-18-three.gif" width="470" height="199" alt="kusher-oct-18-three">
A further look in the dynamics of the market shows that between house and unit value growth within capital city premium suburbs, the annual growth in house values is noticeably stronger than unit values.
Premium house values have increased by 4.8% and unit values by 2.3% over the past twelve months. This makes the rate of growth over the year across both premium housing types the weakest for capital growth across the broad price segments.
Over the most recent three months, premium house values are 4.2% higher and unit values are 2.9% higher. The quarterly value growth for premium houses is greater than both the affordable (2.6%) and middle (3.6%) markets whereas premium unit values have underperformed both the affordable (3.9%) and middle markets (3.4%).
<img src="/images/stories/2013/10/18/kusher-oct-18-four.gif" width="470" height="198" alt="kusher-oct-18-four">
Based on our findings, the premium market is experiencing increasing levels of value growth however, it is largely contained to detached houses rather than units.
Across the individual capital cities, the annual rate of value growth across the premium suburbs has been weakest across all major capital cities and product types except for Melbourne houses where the value growth has been stronger than growth for the most affordable suburbs.
Over the past quarter, growth in house values has been stronger than the other sectors for houses in Melbourne and Perth and equal strongest in Sydney.
In Brisbane in Adelaide, house value growth over the quarter has been weakest within the premium suburbs. For units, growth has generally continued to be weakest across the premium sector. The exceptions were seen in Perth where value growth was strongest, and in Brisbane where value growth was stronger than that across the most affordable sector of the market.
Overall, after a lacklustre performance in the more affordable sectors of the housing market, the premium sector is starting to see a stronger growth performance.
While picking up pace, the growth across premium suburbs has largely been limited to detached houses and is very much evident within the Sydney, Melbourne and Perth where the growth cycle has been stronger than other cities
Recent high levels of auction clearance rates, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne have certainly pushed the premium housing market along.
While picking up pace, the growth across premium suburbs has largely been limited to detached houses and is very much evident within the Sydney, Melbourne and Perth where the growth cycle has been stronger than other cities.
Recent high levels of auction clearance rates, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne have certainly pushed the premium housing market along. Of course auctions are only a small overall proportion of the market however, higher priced and unique properties which are typically taken to auction are more a reflection of the performance of the premium housing sector.

<hr>
Cameron Kusher is senior research analyst at <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.myrp.com.au/">RP Data</a>.
 
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