Developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/bottega-property-group">Bottega House</a> has secured council approval for its first Brisbane project - a $270 million luxury residential development on an absolute riverfront site in leafy St Lucia.&nbsp;

The 15-storey project, known as <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/st-lucia-by-bottega-house-180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">St Lucia by Bottega House</a> , will occupy a prime north-facing site at 178-180 Macquarie Street, directly fronting the Brisbane River in the established inner-west suburb known for its rowing clubs, golf courses and sprawling University of Queensland campus.&nbsp;

St Lucia by Bottega House will feature a suite of amenities including dedicated wellness spaces, a mineral pool and cold plunge. The project has been positioned to attract affluent owner-occupiers seeking high-quality, house-sized apartments.&nbsp;

Bottega House has been set up by co-directors Nick Malloch, Louis Mennes and Craig Marsh.

Malloch said the project drew inspiration from its Brisbane River setting and leafy inner-west surrounds, while responding to the demands of discerning locals looking to transition from freestanding homes into apartment living.&nbsp;

"With an expansive river frontage and lush green surrounds, we knew we had to create something special that reflects the natural beauty of the location while offering residents masterfully crafted homes," said Malloch.&nbsp;

"Our intent was to complement the project's quiet, private setting by introducing residences that offer a calm retreat and sanctuary from the everyday. The result is a harmonious blend of architecture, interiors and amenity that emphasises wellbeing, comfort and beauty without excess."&nbsp;

Malloch added that project consultants had been carefully selected in alignment with Bottega House's commitment to care, quality and attention to detail. The design team includes architects <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a>, interiors practice <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and landscaping by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/urbis">Urbis</a>.&nbsp;

Three-bedroom apartments are expected to start around $5 millio. Selling agents Keenan &amp; Byrne said the pricing strategy for the project was anticipated to achieve upwards of $25,500 per square metre.&nbsp;

The project's development approval this week follows the success of Bottega House's inaugural Queensland project - a 22-storey collection of full-floor sky homes at Broadbeach on the Gold Coast which included the sale of a two-storey penthouse at a record price for a beachside residence.&nbsp;

St Lucia by Bottega House is expected to launch to market in November, with construction anticipated to be completed mid 2029.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=151826]

Joel Robinson

Bottega House to make Brisbane debut with St Lucia riverfront apartment development

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sherpa-property-group">Sherpa Property Group</a> is advancing its affordable apartment model into Brisbane with the acquisition of another site at Cordelia Street in South Brisbane for $27 million.

Sherpa, which has a $1.7 billion pipeline across Southeast Queensland, intends to bring a cohort of apartments exclusively for first homebuyers into its proposed 186-apartment project to be built at 2 Cordelia Street.

The Sherpa model has already been incredibly well received from their Gold Coast projects, where Sherpa Group set aside a number of apartments exclusively for first homebuyers.

The new $320 million project marks Sherpa Group's second development in Brisbane, following its $255 million Symphony project, also on Cordelia Street, which is currently under construction.

Symphony will deliver 146 apartments across 28 levels, offering a mix of one, two and three-bedroom apartments. With 114 already sold, construction by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/lps-group">LPS Group</a> is scheduled for completion in 2028.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7574 project_image_fid=351654]

Sherpa Founder, Christie Leet, said the company was excited to be venturing into Brisbane for its second residential project.

“We’re big believers in the future of Brisbane as we lead into the 2032 Olympics and beyond,” Leet said.

“The success of Symphony has guided us into what will be our second project and we look forward to submitting our plans with council soon so we can deliver yet another quality project to the inner city residential market.

“Our Flourish model has been very well received both in Brisbane and the Gold Coast, and we’re excited to be able to offer some of these apartments again exclusively to first homebuyers to help get them into the property market.

“The model has been extraordinarily well received in our previous projects and it is something we are committed to moving forward.”

2 Cordelia Street will be designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/hal-architects">HAL Architects</a> &amp; Finegrain and will include Sherpa’s signature residential amenities including pool, gym, recreation, wellness and work from home spaces.

The project will feature ground-floor commercial space, creating a vibrant amenity for residents and the surrounding community.

A development application will be lodged with Brisbane City Council in August on the code compliant site and will be launched to the market early 2027.

Sherpa acquires new site for second Brisbane apartment tower

One of North Sydney's best-known commercial buildings could become hundreds of new homes, with insurance giant Zurich Australia lodging a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) to transform 5 Blue Street into a mixed-use residential development above North Sydney Station.

Rather than demolishing the existing building and starting again, Zurich is proposing an adaptive reuse project that would convert the landmark office building into a 15-level residential development delivering 62 apartments, 86 affordable co-living dwellings, activated retail and significant upgrades to the Blue Street Plaza.

The proposal reflects a growing trend of commercial property owners repositioning ageing office assets into residential housing as Sydney grapples with housing supply shortages and changing workplace demand.

<img alt="Zurich" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0bba7d12-06dc-4375-aad7-238c94b21ac5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%2010.42.05%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=NJl5oLAEBDGuPmY3RnyliKODjMc8lvRh" />

Located directly above North Sydney Metro and train station, the 3,051 sqm site occupies one of the most strategically positioned parcels of land on Sydney's Lower North Shore.

Designed by fjcstudio, the proposal seeks to retain and adapt much of the existing structure while creating a contemporary residential address that better connects with the public domain surrounding North Sydney Station.

The application proposes two basement levels, ground floor retail, affordable co-living accommodation across the podium levels, and apartments above, while preserving and enhancing the publicly accessible Blue Street Plaza.

Rather than pursuing maximum apartment numbers, Zurich has opted for a housing mix heavily weighted towards larger owner-occupier residences.

The proposal includes 62 build-to-sell apartments comprising 12 one-bedroom, 19 two-bedroom, 29 three-bedroom apartments and two premium penthouses. It also incorporates 86 affordable co-living dwellings, which would be managed in perpetuity by a Community Housing Provider.

That balance between traditional apartments and affordable housing reflects the NSW Government's push to increase housing diversity around major transport infrastructure.

The proposal has been lodged concurrently with a rezoning application, with Zurich arguing the site is ideally positioned to support additional housing given its immediate proximity to public transport, employment and services.

"The proposal aims to respond to the housing challenges facing Sydney through the delivery of diverse housing types in a highly accessible location," the design report by fjcstudio states. It also seeks to improve pedestrian amenity through upgrades to Blue Street Plaza while creating a high-performing residential building that responds to the surrounding context.

<img alt="Zurich" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="36082e15-c636-4481-bb68-5a5f6443fe39" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%2010.41.36%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=5P6VD.fvmqjQfIG3TWWMRXxQWiQBjeFB" />

Rather than replacing the commercial building, fjcstudio has developed a design that works with the existing structural framework above the rail corridor, an approach that significantly reduces demolition while allowing the site to be repositioned as a mixed-use residential precinct.

The existing structural constraints have informed much of the building's design, including its relationship with Blue Street and surrounding public spaces.

The building has been designed as a slender tower rising above a clearly defined podium, with vertically expressed façades intended to reduce the perceived bulk while reinforcing North Sydney's emerging skyline.

According to fjcstudio, the architectural language responds directly to the surrounding commercial towers while maintaining a finer grain expression more closely aligned with the neighbouring Lavender Bay streetscape.

The tower incorporates articulated façade elements, landscaped podium edges and recessed upper levels to soften its appearance and improve pedestrian amenity below.

A significant component of the proposal is the revitalisation of Blue Street Plaza.

The existing public space has long served as one of the primary pedestrian connections between North Sydney Station, Greenwood Plaza and Blue Street, yet its role is expected to become even more important following the opening of Sydney Metro.

Zurich's proposal seeks to strengthen that role by improving landscaping, introducing new retail frontages, enhancing pedestrian permeability and creating more active edges throughout the day and evening.

Ground floor retail would wrap the plaza, while separate residential and co-living entries have been designed to improve wayfinding without reducing street activation.

Landscape design has been integrated throughout the podium and public realm, softening what is currently one of the most heavily urbanised parts of North Sydney.

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fjcstudio has carefully oriented apartments towards Sydney Harbour and the CBD while using privacy blades and articulated façades to minimise overlooking between neighbouring buildings.

Large framed openings along the western elevation maximise harbour outlooks, while the eastern apartments have been angled towards the south-east to improve privacy from neighbouring development.

The project forms part of the continuing transformation of North Sydney from a predominantly commercial CBD into a genuine mixed-use city centre.

Since the completion of Victoria Cross Metro Station, developers have increasingly shifted their attention towards residential projects capable of leveraging the area's unparalleled transport connectivity.

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FiveX recently lodged plans for a 61-storey, 490-apartment tower that would become one of the tallest residential buildings in North Sydney if approved.

Aqualand continues to expand its Lower North Shore presence following the completion of AURA on Walker Street and its recent St Leonards and Roseville proposals.

Developers are also progressing projects throughout Walker Street, Miller Street and the Victoria Cross precinct as demand for well-located owner-occupier apartments continues to strengthen.

First look: Zurich targets North Sydney office conversion with 148-unit proposal above Metro station

Busy developer Aqualand Prestige has formally taken the next step in its expansion across Sydney's Lower North Shore, lodging a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) for its long-held Archer Street site in Chatswood.

The application covers <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/51-55-archer-street-chatswood-nsw-2067">51-55 Archer Street</a>, a 1,767 sqm amalgamated site on the eastern edge of the Chatswood CBD, where the developer is seeking approval for a 45-level mixed-use tower delivering 114 apartments, including a significant affordable housing component, alongside retail, commercial space and six basement levels of parking.

The SSDA marks the latest milestone for a project Aqualand has been quietly progressing over the past two years. The developer first secured the site for its Aqualand Prestige platform before undertaking an alternative design excellence process with PTW Architects, ultimately avoiding a formal design competition through the Housing Delivery Authority pathway.

The proposal has evolved considerably from Aqualand's original concept. The revised scheme has been designed around larger owner-occupier product, with an unusually high proportion of three and four-bedroom apartments, targeting the more affluent buyer profile, and downsizer, emerging across the North Shore.

<img alt="Archer St" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0171204c-5811-41b5-9b09-2335d1b7c3d0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%208.52.48%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=6YTuxfq.puZo7k2wbfgemcO5K3QfXYGQ" />

The 114-apartment mix comprises six studios, 27 one-bedroom apartments, 18 two-bedroom apartments, 50 three-bedroom residences and 13 four-bedroom homes. A quarter of the building will be dedicated to affordable housing, well above the mandated 15 per cent&nbsp;

PTW has structured the building vertically, with affordable housing across levels one to six, premium apartments through levels seven to 31, duplex skyhomes on klevels 32 to 43, a penthouse on level 44, and a rooftop plant level above. Six basement levels will provide resident parking and servicing.

The tower is proposed to reach approximately 154 metres, placing it among a growing collection of residential high-rises transforming Chatswood's skyline.

Rather than competing purely on height, PTW says the design has been driven by creating a slimmer tower capable of delivering significantly larger apartments.

"The primary objective of this project was to create a distinctive building that stands out from the recently approved or built structures in the Chatswood area," the design report states, noting the structural efficiency allows greater investment into apartment quality and resident amenity.

Residents would have access to more than 450 sqm of communal open space including landscaped gardens, swimming pool, rooftop entertaining areas, fitness spaces, community gardens, children's play areas and barbecue facilities.

A major focus of the design has been the public domain.

The ground plane has been opened up through landscaped terraces inspired by Willoughby's sandstone ridges, with native planting, public seating, artwork, retail activation and a series of gathering spaces intended to soften what has traditionally been a hard commercial streetscape.

The landscape strategy references Blue Gum forests once common throughout the area, while incorporating Indigenous storytelling, public art and lighting installations to strengthen the connection to Country.

Chatswood has been one of Sydney's busiest apartment markets over the past 12 months, with a steady pipeline of both new project launches and fresh development applications.

Hyecorp recently launched Celine, a 122-apartment development just along Archer Street, while Changfa and Huirong Group are progressing The Anderson, an 84-apartment project on Anderson Street.

Develotek recently secured approval for a 101-apartment tower on Pacific Highway, while Tian An LFD received the green light for Hammond Greens, its apartment development on the edge of the Chatswood Bowling Club.

Commercial property developer FiveX is also making its move into the residential market. Last month it lodged plans for a 61-storey tower with 490 apartments, which, if approved, would become one of the tallest residential buildings in Chatswood.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-fivex-targets-chatswood-skyline-with-61-storey-tower-after-north-sydney-plans">First look: FiveX targets Chatswood skyline with 61-storey tower after North Sydney plans</a>

Aqualand is also expanding its development pipeline following the launch of its luxury residential brand, Aqualand Prestige. The developer has delivered a string of high-end apartment projects across Sydney's affluent suburbs over the past decade, most recently AURA by Aqualand on Walker Street in North Sydney.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=292863]

It has since quietly assembled its next wave of projects.

Earlier this year Aqualand launched Boronia in Roseville, a boutique 111-apartment development on Larkin Street. The project is one of the first significant apartment developments to launch in the suburb ahead of what is expected to become one of Sydney's most active new housing precincts under the NSW Government's Low and Mid-Rise Housing reforms, which allow greater density around train stations.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152095 project_image_fid=373685]

The developer has also lodged plans for a two-tower, 413-apartment development on Herbert Street in nearby St Leonards, further strengthening its presence across the Lower North Shore.

Beyond that, Aqualand remains behind the final stage of Barangaroo, where plans will deliver a five-hectare mixed-use precinct comprising new homes, retail, hospitality and community facilities, alongside a new Metro entrance and more than two hectares of public open space, completing the Barangaroo precinct.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/central-barangaroo-development-takes-big-step-with-concept-proposal-approval">Central Barangaroo development takes big step with concept proposal approval</a>

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-aqualand-joins-st-leonards-apartment-party">First look: Aqualand joins St Leonards apartment party</a> 
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First look: Aqualand pushes ahead with Chatswood apartment tower as SSDA lodged for Archer Street

Mass timber is becoming an increasingly popular construction material in apartment developments, but Adelaide developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/otello">Otello</a> is taking the approach a step further.

At its new <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flowe-bowden-18-gibson-street-bowden-sa-5007">Flowe Bowden</a> development, the exposed cross-laminated timber (CLT) structure isn't just about reducing the building's environmental footprint. It also forms the foundation of a broader wellness strategy, influencing everything from indoor air quality and natural materials to the way residents move through and experience the building.

The 115-apartment mixed-use development, designed by Melbourne-based architecture practice Fieldwork, will occupy a prominent island site opposite Bowden Village Reserve, combining one, two and three-bedroom apartments with retail and a dedicated wellness destination.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375528]

Wellness isn't confined to a gym or shared resident facility at Flowe. Instead, Fieldwork embedded the concept into the building itself.

The development has been split into two residential wings connected by a naturally ventilated central breezeway, replacing traditional enclosed corridors with open-air walkways that improve natural light, encourage cross ventilation and create more opportunities for neighbourly interaction.

"Rather than treating wellness as something that only happens on the ground floor, our response integrates it throughout the building, which led us to ask what it really means to design a healthy building," Fieldwork Director Quino Holland said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375531]

The building's architecture also reflects Bowden's industrial heritage. The lower podium references the area's historic brick and sandstone buildings, while the upper levels transition to exposed CLT, allowing the timber structure to become a defining feature throughout the apartments and shared spaces.

The use of mass timber sits alongside a range of sustainability initiatives, including a fully electric, gas-free design, rooftop solar and a targeted 5 Star Green Star rating.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375524]

Inside the residences, the focus remains on natural, durable materials. Blackbutt engineered timber flooring, exposed CLT ceilings, porcelain surfaces and warm timber joinery create a calming interior palette, while low-VOC finishes and responsibly sourced materials have been selected to improve indoor air quality.

Kitchens have been designed as the centrepiece of each apartment, featuring porcelain island benchtops, timber-look cabinetry and brushed steel tapware, with layouts that maximise natural light and ventilation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375530]

The more traditional interpretation of wellness comes in the form of Level Eleven, a two-storey wellness club spanning the ground floor, mezzanine and first floor.

The facility will include a gym, yoga and reformer Pilates studios, Finnish and infrared saunas, magnesium hot and cold plunge pools, and dedicated recovery spaces. Unlike many residential wellness facilities, Level Eleven will also operate commercially, allowing the broader Bowden community to access the venue while giving residents exclusive membership benefits.

The ground floor has also been designed around everyday living. A café overlooking Bowden Village Reserve will activate the street frontage, while a bike workshop with tool storage, co-working space and dog wash has been incorporated to support daily routines and encourage interaction between residents.

"Flowe brings together my two biggest passions, creating places and creating healthier lives," Otello founder Daniel Harris said.

"We wanted to create something Adelaide hasn't seen before, a genuinely healthy building, where the way you live is lifted without even trying."

Flowe is positioned directly opposite Bowden Village Reserve and within walking distance of Bowden Railway Station and the Adelaide Entertainment Centre, placing future residents just minutes from the Adelaide CBD while remaining connected to one of the city's most established urban renewal precincts.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=152022]

Otello launches wellness-focused Flowe Bowden with Adelaide-first mass timber apartment design

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

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First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

Not all apartment amenities are immediately visible.

Swimming pools, gyms, rooftop terraces and residents' lounges have long featured on buyers' wishlists, but as the way Australians live has changed, so too have the features that make apartment living more convenient.

Increasingly, buyers are placing value on the practical aspects of day-to-day life. Fast internet, EV charging, secure bike storage, flexible workspaces and parcel management are becoming just as relevant as lifestyle amenities, reflecting changing habits and expectations.

Online shopping has been one of the biggest drivers of that shift.

Australians spent a record $82.6 billion shopping online in 2025, with almost one in every four retail dollars now spent digitally, making parcel deliveries a routine part of everyday life rather than an occasional convenience.

For apartment residents, however, receiving those deliveries isn't always straightforward.

Without someone home to accept a parcel, deliveries can be redirected to a nearby Post Office, left in building foyers or common areas, or require building management to temporarily store packages. As apartment living continues to grow across Australia's cities, parcel management has become an increasingly important consideration for both residents and developers.

Australia Post's Parcel Locker network is one response to that shift.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KPZ9j5FRdsQ?si=Qztc1dNP3ZvEIUhb" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

Rather than relying on home delivery, eligible parcels can be directed to a nominated Parcel Locker, where they're securely stored until collected. Once a parcel arrives, residents receive a notification through the AusPost app or SMS and can retrieve it using a one-time code or QR code at a time that suits them.

The network has expanded to more than 1,500 locations nationwide, with Parcel Lockers positioned at Post Offices, shopping centres, supermarkets, transport hubs and, increasingly, within or alongside residential developments.

That growing presence reflects a broader change in how apartment buildings are being planned.

Developers are increasingly considering the operational side of apartment living alongside traditional lifestyle amenities. Just as secure mailrooms, bicycle storage and EV charging have become more common inclusions, parcel management is emerging as another feature that supports everyday convenience.

It also helps preserve the arrival experience within a building. Carefully designed lobbies and communal spaces can quickly become cluttered when deliveries accumulate, while secure parcel solutions reduce the likelihood of missed deliveries or parcels being left unattended.

For buyers comparing apartments, these everyday details are becoming part of the decision-making process.

Location, floorplans and finishes remain fundamental, but the features that simplify daily life are carrying greater weight than they once did. As online shopping continues to shape consumer behaviour, secure parcel delivery is increasingly becoming another amenity worth looking for.

Parcel delivery is joining the apartment amenity checklist

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GUEST OBSERVER
Market sentiment has turned more positive, in part because participants realise that the US economy remains solid and as China concerns abate. 
Strong US jobs growth in February boosted risk sentiment and reduced recession fears. 
The RBA remained on hold as expected. Q4 GDP data showed that the economy recorded a strong finish to 2015. 
We still expect further RBA rate cuts, but the data are challenging this view and risks are skewed toward policy easing occurring later than we forecast. 
China nominated a 6.5-7% GDP growth target for 2016. 
INTEREST RATE STRATEGY 
Yields finished higher after a white knuckle ride for the Australian front end last week. 
Risk-on sentiment globally helped push yields higher. 
Focus to remain on higher funding costs as a major bank announced a rise in investor housing loan rates. 
CURRENCY STRATEGY 
The USD is struggling as the data pulse remains strong, but Fed rhetoric remains dovish. This, together with the solid GDP outcome in Australia, is keeping the AUD elevated. 
The sustainability of these AUD levels will depend on the market volatility remaining subdued. 
COMMODITY STRATEGY 
Low prices induce supply response in copper. 
Iron ore supported by hope of further policy support in Chinese steel sector. 
Investor demand for gold remains robust. 
<a href="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2011.50.39%20AM.png" target="_blank"> Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2011.50.39%20AM.png" alt="" width="794" height="547">
RBA ON HOLD… 
As widely expected, the RBA kept the cash rate on hold at 2 percent last week. The Bank continued to take a positive view of the Australian economy, noting that “the expansion in the non-mining parts of the economy strengthened during 2015”. 
We interpreted two small changes to the Governor’s statement as slightly on the dovish side. First, the Bank noted that low inflation “would” provide scope to ease further rather than its prior reference to “may”. Secondly, the AUD was characterised as “has been adjusting” versus “has continued its adjustment”. Clearly, the Bank would still prefer a lower AUD which has subsequently pushed higher to USD0.74. The Bank would likely become more vocal on the currency again if the activity data started to soften. 
…WHICH WAS JUSTIFIED BY Q4 GDP 
The slightly more dovish tone from the Bank, however, came before the strong Q4 GDP print. Not only did Q4 GDP surprise on the upside at 0.6% q/q, upward revisions meant that growth over the year was well above expectations at 3 percent. The Bank had been flagging the potential for GDP revisions and this rate of growth helps to square the apparent disconnect with the strong labour market data last year.
<a href="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2011.57.35%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2011.57.35%20AM.png" alt="">
The Bank would have been heartened by the pick-up in household spending. A key feature of the Bank’s forecasts is a strengthening in household spending to slightly above the long-run average of 3 percent. Household consumption grew 2.9 percent y/y in Q4. 
Housing construction also remained strong (+2.2 percent q/q; 10 percent y/y) in Q4. A significant backlog of work is supporting activity at record levels, especially in the key Sydney and Melbourne markets but lower approvals numbers suggest this growth impetus will wane.
<a href="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2011.59.05%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2011.59.05%20AM.png" alt="">
Meanwhile, business investment fell as expected. Engineering construction drove the quarterly fall as resources projects, particularly LNG, continued to approach completion. But the news on the investment front was not all one-way traffic, with both machinery &amp; equipment spending and non-residential building rising solidly in Q4, the latter despite falling building approvals and a shrinking backlog of work. 
Overall, there were plenty of positives in the national accounts. Growth continues to broaden beyond the mining sector, and the pick-up in consumer spending will be particularly encouraging for the RBA. As such, the economy is on a much firmer footing than previously envisaged. 
WE STILL EXPECT FURTHER RATE CUTS 
Despite the improvement in the economy over the second half of 2015, we continue to expect further RBA rate cuts this year. Our call for the first rate cut to occur in May, however, is being challenged by the incoming data. 
We maintain that the contribution to growth from property market activity – not just housing construction – will ease over 2016. Dwelling construction directly added .ppt to Australia’s GDP growth in 2015 but this is unlikely to be sustained. While the level of building activity will remain high, the fall in residential building approvals over the past year suggests that the impetus to growth will wane (Figure 3).
<a href="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2012.07.56%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2012.07.56%20PM.png" alt="">
 
There are also risks around household spending. While household consumption strengthened over 2015, this was against a weak income backdrop and was heavily assisted by a sharply lower saving ratio (Figure 4).
<a href="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2012.09.02%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2012.09.02%20PM.png" alt="">
Presumably, the falling saving ratio can be partly attributable to a ‘wealth effect’ amid strong dwelling price growth. But this is expected to wane this year amid slower house price growth (and as equities have weakened). Some of the savings decline, however, will reflect consumption smoothing, with evidence of this particularly in the mining states of WA and Queensland that ran up savings during the commodity price boom. 
More timely data on retail sales (released last week) show that spending has been soft in recent months, with no growth in December and a modest 0.3 percent m/m rise in January. 
With unemployment expected to remain around 5¾– 6 percent, spare labour market capacity will continue to weigh on wages growth. In all, it is difficult to see household consumption accelerating further from here. Consumption growth falling below the RBA’s expectations would certainly increase the likelihood of further rate cuts.
Surveyed business conditions have moderated in the early months of 2016, indicating some slowing in non-mining activity. Ahead of the important NAB survey tomorrow, however, Ai Group’s surveys for February continued to show some consolidation in aggregate at above-average levels (Figure 5). Business confidence may be further weighed down by the negative global sentiment in February.
<a href="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2012.24.05%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/7/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-07%20at%2012.24.05%20PM.png" alt="">
Overall, the incoming data on the Australian economy has remained OK and, for now, allays any concerns about the renewed strength in the currency. China’s target of 6.5–7 percent GDP growth for 2016, coupled with slightly higher budget deficit, lending and money supply growth targets, will also help to further calm anxiety about that economy. 
The rate cut we have pencilled in for May is less than two months away so clearly the risks are skewed towards further RBA policy easing kicking off later than we expect. Markets are only pricing one full rate cut for this year. 
Despite weak wages growth, we can’t rule out being surprised on the upside by household spending. There is room for household saving to fall further to support stronger-than-expected consumption. Housing markets have commenced 2016 in a relatively positive fashion, with auction clearance rates rebounding in Sydney and Melbourne, while price growth has stabilised at solid rates. If these early indicators translate into a second wind for building approvals, the risks would be to the upside for housing construction. Moreover, the RBA would likely be uncomfortable reducing the cash rate further in the face of ongoing strength in house price growth. 
Working in the opposite direction, however, are that the global growth backdrop remains fragile, our interest rates continue to look ‘high’ in a world where negative rates are more commonplace, and creeping upward pressure on actual lending rates in Australia is likely to remain from higher funding costs and tighter capital requirements. 
Stay tuned.
Daniel.Gradwell is economist in ANZ's Australian Research unit and can be contacted <a href="https://www.anz.com/personal/" target="_blank">here</a>.
 
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Rate cuts still likely, but ANZ says doom and gloom takes a back seat

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GUEST OBSERVER
With debate raging over who wins and who loses with proposed major changes to negative gearing, attention also falls on which Australian suburbs are most likely to suffer.
The Australian Financial Review recently discussed the “Top 10 suburbs set to suffer under negative gearing plan”. The Australian soon joined this scare campaign. Mandurah in Western Australia, where I spent a recent weekend, is on the AFR’s list.
When I grew up this was a lazy holiday town at the entry to an inlet. It’s now one of Australia’s fastest-growing suburbs with a 50-minute train connection to central Perth. Within walking distance of the town centre is a cluster of relatively recent medium-density mixed-use developments on or near the waterfront. The dolphins and crabs are prolific and opportunities for swimming, boating and kayaking are at everyone’s doorstep.
Unlike most outer suburban developments, the housing is relatively dense – mostly about four to five storeys high, with a couple of blocks up to ten storeys. This is a highly walkable neighbourhood with generous public space. Shops and cafes line much of the ground floor.
<h2>Built density but lacking intensity</h2>
This is not far from the kind of urban development we need a lot more of in Australian cities – places that encourage people to walk to work, shopping and recreation; where densities are high enough to support a good range of shopping and public transport.
The main problem here is that while the built density is relatively high, the population density is less than your average suburb.
The AFR article suggests this is the kind of place that is “set to suffer”, yet these parts of Mandurah already suffer from an occupancy rate that locals estimate at 20%. The empty housing has had a spillover effect into empty shops and offices, empty streets and parks, and poor public transport.
The public space is bereft of vitality (and the safety that comes with it); beaches, parks and walkways are largely empty even on a warm February weekend. While there is lots of built density, there is little intensity of public life. The streets are lined with empty shops used as billboards for real estate and financial services.
<div class="enlarge_hint">While much of this is holiday housing, it is within commuting distance of a major city. How much of it is going to waste simply because those who own it can profit from making a loss under the current negative-gearing rules?</div>
<h2>Bringing empty housing onto the market</h2>
While curbing negative gearing would ease house prices in the short term, in the longer term suburbs like this are set to benefit because it will surely bring much of this empty housing onto the market. Then the synergies of higher-density mixed-use development within reach of good public transport will begin to come into play.
As more residents live within walking distance, more amenities will become viable. The more people walk or cycle, the better the health and transport outcomes.
Ultimately, this is the kind of vibrant walkable city we need to build more of to achieve serious reductions in CO2 emissions – places where we can live great and healthy lives with less reliance on cars.
It is impossible to say how much this production of empty architecture is a function of negative gearing since it also goes hand-in-hand with neoliberal markets and high disparities of wealth. However, the curbing of negative gearing will have a significant impact in getting empty housing onto the market.
This in turn could go some way to reversing this cycle of emptiness – bringing life to the shops, offices, streets, parks and public transport.
<h2>‘Positive gearing’ across Australia</h2>
This is not just a benefit to places like inner Mandurah. It also applies to other empty suburbs and even high-density inner-city neighbourhoods. Southbank and Docklands in Melbourne come to mind as places that produce largely empty buildings – density without intensity.
Negative gearing produces an underutilisation of urban space. The imperative to curb it has important implications for the future of Australian cities.
And this raises a further question – why stop there? If we are looking for new tax revenues that will help to balance the budget, curb CO2 emissions and increase the productivity and vitality of cities, then why not tax the underuse of urban space? Perhaps we could call it “positive gearing”.
Kim Dovey is professor, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Melbourne and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kim-dovey-107660" target="_blank">here</a>.
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How negative-gearing changes can bring life back to eerily quiet suburbs

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GUEST OBSERVER
After Labor announced proposed changes to negative gearing and the capital gains tax discount, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull told parliament that the policy would administer two contradictory shocks, massive shocks, to the residential housing market. 
They are proposing to remove from the market for established dwellings one-third of demand. All investors would be gone. When I say all investors, I mean all investors.
That assertion was questioned by some listeners at the time, including The Guardian’s Katharine Murphy.
Does the prime minister’s claim stack up?
<h2>Not all property investors negatively gear</h2>
Data is not directly available on what proportion of home purchases are made by investors. Data on new home lending from The Australian Bureau of Statistics' Lending Finance figures indicates that between one-third and half of new lending is to investors. And ABS census data shows that just under a third of existing properties are owned by investors.
But not all of them negatively gear. Some do not borrow, and others do not borrow enough to be negatively geared: that is, their rental income is greater than the expenses and loan interest. The tax stats show us that about two-thirds of all housing investors are negatively geared. This suggests that around 20% of housing buyers are negatively geared investors.
<h2>Investor demand for housing will reduce – but not disappear</h2>
Labor’s proposed changes will reduce the after-tax returns on property investment.
Although negative gearing has attracted more attention, Labor’s proposed changes to capital gains tax will have a bigger impact on returns. Reducing the discount from 50% to 25% will increase the effective tax rates on capital gains, bringing the tax rates closer to those that apply to other sources of investment income such as rental income and bank interest.
Labor’s proposed changes to negative gearing will also have an impact. Under the policy, investors who make rental losses – because their rental income is less than their costs, including loan interest costs – will no longer be able to write-off those losses against wage and salary income. But for people investing in new housing there will be no change: they will still able to write-off losses against all forms of individual income.
For most investors in existing properties, the changes to negative gearing mainly affect the timing, not the amount, of tax deductions. Losses can still be deducted against investment income, including subsequent capital gains. But negative gearing may lose some of its psychological appeal. While there is no hard research for Australia, some investment advisors have warned against placing too much emphasis on tax breaks (particularly tax breaks on wages) and not enough on the financial returns to the investment.
Together these policies will reduce investor demand for housing. Indeed, one of Labor’s stated aims of the policy is to make it easier for first home buyers to get into the market.
Some investors will switch to other investment opportunities that offer higher post-tax returns. Others might choose to spend more and invest less. But some will also continue to invest in the housing market, and either borrow less, or simply accept a lower return on investment.
The extent to which investors will vacate the property market will ultimately depend on how much post-tax returns fall, and how sensitive is investor demand for property to changes in returns (what economists would call the “elasticity of demand”).
Our estimates suggest that the changes in effective tax rates from Labor’s policy are relatively modest.
Consider an investor in the top tax bracket, paying 45 cents in the dollar on their marginal income and earning a 6% nominal return on their property (half from rental income, half from capital gain). Let’s say the investor buys a property and then sells it after seven years.
Effective tax rates calculate how much tax is paid on the profit made by the taxpayer. If the investor buys the property outright, the effective tax rate will increase from 33% to 35% under Labor’s policy. If the same investor borrows 40% of the house value then effective tax rates increase from 19% to 22%. And for a negatively geared investor borrowing 80% of the property value, the effective tax rate changes from 5% to 9%.
<a href="/images/2016/03/9/image-20160307-30467-5ajcud.JPG" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/9/image-20160307-30467-5ajcud.JPG" alt="">
 
And any changes in post-tax returns under Labor’s policies may be swamped by annual fluctuations in property prices. As the Commonwealth Bank of Australia Chief Executive Ian Narev recently noted:
I can tell you having a $400 billion home loan book – your assumptions on unemployment and what’s happening in global interest rates will dwarf whatever assumptions you’ve got on the modelling about the impact of negative gearing by a factor of… I can’t tell you the number but it’s a big number.
<h2>A massive shock?</h2>
Under Labor’s policy, other passive investments that generate capital gains, such as shares, will also be subject to a more stringent tax treatment. Other investments that will be relatively more attractive after the change – for example, superannuation and bank deposits – have a very different profile of risk, return and liquidity.
No-one can ever perfectly predict investor behaviour. Ultimately, there are a whole host of factors that people take into account when investing in property, including rental returns (particularly for the one third of positively geared investors), risk perception, familiarity with the asset class and ability to obtain bank finance. In our opinion, modest changes in tax treatment are unlikely to change the decision-making calculus for the majority of investors.
Indeed, looking at other countries with less generous tax treatment for investment properties – US, Canada, Germany and France, for example – there is still plenty of investor activity in housing.
Given the evidence we have seen, it is overreach for the prime minister to say that Labor’s policy will drive away all investors away.
Danielle Wood is fellow, Australian Perspectives, Grattan Institute and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/danielle-wood-147710" target="_blank">here</a>.
John Daley is chief executive officer, Grattan Institute and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-daley-1870" target="_blank">here</a>.
Both are authors for The Conversation.
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Negative gearing changes won't mean all investors depart market

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According to CoreLogic RP Data research analyst Cameron Kusher, currently private sector housing credit stands at $1.536 trillion; a 7.3% year-on-year increase to January 2016. Mr Kusher said.
 “Housing credit has done nothing but expand over the period shown (refer adjacent graphs).” 
Mr Kusher makes note of the fact that historically, credit is expanding at a slow annualised pace. “Of course this is a function of the fact that with low interest rates households are paying back credit faster as well as the value of outstanding credit is so much higher than in the past. Housing credit has been expanding at annual rate of between 7.0% and 7.5% for the past 15 months,” he says. 
Click to enlarge
<img src="/images/2016/03/3/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-03%20at%2012.24.21%20PM.png" alt="">
Since January 1991, housing credit data has been split between houses and units with investor housing credit typically increasing at a faster pace than owner occupier credit. Over the past year investor housing credit increased by 7.9% which is its slowest annual pace of growth since February 2014; well down on the recent peak rate of growth of 11.0%pa.
Meanwhile, owner occupier credit growth is recorded at 6.9%pa which is its fastest annual rate of growth since October 2010. Between 1991 and 2015, investor housing credit has increased from 16.0% of total housing credit to 35.8%, highlighting how popular housing investment has become since the early 1990’s. 
Mr Kusher said, “Late in 2014 the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) provided guidelines to lenders that annual investor housing credit should not expand by more than 10%pa. These changes were largely implemented from the middle of last year. Given this it would seem there is some scope for lenders to ease their policies on investment lending and lift the level of lending for investment purposes given credit growth is now well below 10% per annum.” 
The latest housing finance data to December 2015 (which tracks the value of new lending) shows that following a large fall over the second half of 2015, investor lending has started to pick-up a little. Meanwhile the value of housing loans to owner occupier has continued to trend higher. 
Mr Kusher said, “Given the tentative signs of a pick-up in investor demand in the housing finance data, investor housing credit growth now well below 10%pa and home values still rising, why wouldn’t investor demand ramp back up?” 
Mr Kusher cites several reasons why investor demand may not rebound and starts with investors. 
“This group is now facing not only higher mortgage rates due to the out of cycle lift in mortgages rates by lenders last year but they are also experiencing an average of 30 basis points higher mortgage rates because they are an investor (due to the higher capital requirements for investment loans implemented by APRA in 2015). Secondly, he notes that the home value growth phase in Sydney and Melbourne is now very mature having run for almost 4 years, perhaps there is some concern as to how much longer it can run.” 
<a href="/images/2016/03/3/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-03%20at%2012.25.14%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/3/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-03%20at%2012.25.14%20PM.png" alt="">
“Elsewhere value growth is and has been moderate with values falling in Perth and Darwin. With potential concerns of a slowing of value growth, rental yields are virtually at historic lows with rental rates unchanged over the year with each acting as a potential disincentive. Alternatively, investors may still be attracted to housing because total returns are still substantially higher than all other asset classes. 
“The Federal Opposition has signalled changes to negative gearing rules and it is unclear as to how investors will react to the policy should Labor be elected. Arguably the proposed changes to negative gearing may bring forward investment purchases due the grandfathering provision included in the Labor policy; but there is also the argument that the uncertainty in taxation policy relating to housing may act as a disincentive to prospective investors. There is still significant mortgage market competition so despite the recent increases in mortgage rates if borrowers are prepared to shop around they can still get extremely competitive home loan rates.” 
“We anticipate that from here there may be a bit of a pick-up in investment borrowing largely because mortgage rates remain low and housing returns are much stronger than most other asset classes. Although a pick-up in investment activity is a possibility, it is unlikely that the annual rate of housing credit growth will return to or breach its 10% pa limit,” Mr Kusher said.
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ckusher-ujnxiKuFQs

Will investor housing demand pick-up again? Cameron Kusher

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The stunning success of the land release of rural residential lots on Bowral's historic Retford Park estate, has ensured the longtime home of James Fairfax can be preserved in perpetuity for community access.
Some 71 of the 79 lots offered since the November launch have been snapped, with the upcoming lots priced between $365,000 and $810,000 through Nigel Napoli of <a href="https://retfordparkestate.com" target="_blank">Savills Residential Projects.</a>
The housing lots of Retford Park Estate sits either side of historic Retford Park house, the home of James Fairfax, the former chairman of the now ailing publishing company that bears his family name.
Buyers have come looking for a tree-change, especially from the Illawarra region and Sutherland Shire, Nigel Napoli said.
With land sizes from 1000 sqm to 4.8 hectares, there are set be another 81 building block released over the next six months on the outskirts of Bowral.
The 1880s Italianate residence that is well hidden amid the extensive gardens was bought by James Fairfax in 1964 for £15,000.
James Fairfax set about decorating Retford Park House with advice from designer Leslie Walford with the garden undertaken by English landscape architect John Codrington.
The pool, pool pavilion and aviaries were designed by Melbourne architect Guilford Bell. Over the years, architect Espie Dods added architecturally sympathetic extensions to the home. 
The Retford Park homestead will be preserved in perpetuity for the community with some funds from the neighbouring residential development being directed into a trust which will pay for the long-term upkeep of the home and gardens, the project director Allen Robinson advised.
Philanthropic James Fairfax had envisaged the concept for the past four decades.
"I think Retford Park is an important part of the heritage of the Wingecarribee Shire area and provision has been made in my will for the house and the immediate surrounding land, including the garden, to be left in trust to be viewed by future generations," Mr Fairfax told me in 2009. 
Listed on the register of the national estate since 1980, Retford Park was built as a summer retreat for the Hordern retailing family. It takes its name from the village in Nottinghamshire, the northern England town from where Anthony and Ann Hordern immigrated in 1825.
The grounds have many heritage oaks, an enduring association with the Hordern's retailing business, whose emblem was an oak tree under which were the words "While I live, I'll grow".
<a href="https://sydneyaerialphotography.com" target="_blank">Photo credits go to Tim Mooney</a>.
 
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Retford Park rural residential lots underpinning the Bowral heritage estate's future

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Almost everyday there's a new contradictory report backed up with data and opinion on Sydney's anticipated price direction. Who to believe? The spoiler or spruiker? What to do with your life?
The likelihood is no-one really knows, especially given the negative gearing doubt, but owner occupiers should thoughtfully proceed with caution in this low interest rate environment, while investors will continue t weight up their chase for yield without emotion.
Estate agent John McGrath recently advised that at the end of housing booms, buyers can get a bit obsessed with timing.
"They often hold off believing (or rather, hoping) prices will fall and this delays their purchase," he said, suggesting it comes at a potential cost.
He says after being in the game for 32 years that buying the best property you can afford, when you can afford it; and holding it for the long term is always the best play.
"Believe me, time in the market is much more important than timing the market when you buy," he suggested.
True, but overpay and then sell during the dips Sydney has periodically recorded in recent years, and it's a costly loss. 
Recently $2.62 million secured a Woollahra terrace that sold at $2.7 million in 2007, which provides delicious conversation at the home buyers' house warming.
At Rose Bay, a Harry Seidler-designed penthouse sold last week for around the same $5.6 million price bought it for a decade ago.
The 2/20 Ian Street, Rose Bay apartment sold on Friday ahead of a planned auction through 1st City agents Alexander Gold and Rod Fox.
 
There are plenty of near backward prices undermining another adage that Sydney property doubles every seven years.
The more recent housing cycles have necessarily seen this adage adapted to every 10 years.
But I saw a Macquarie Street, Sydney CBD apartment sell recently at $2 million, having been bought off the plan in 1999 at $1.01 million.
Nationally only 32 percent of homes are currently reselling at double or more than their purchase price, typically owned for 17 years.
Cameron Kusher at CoreLogic RP Data did some research on the decade to January 2016, finding home values across the combined capital cities increased by 72 percent which suggests values aren't doubling over the decade.
If we look at the split between houses and units, house values are 73 percent higher compared to 64 percent increase in unit values.
Although combined capital city home values haven’t doubled over the past decade, the previous decade was quite a different story.
Between January 1996 and January 2006 combined capital city home values increased by 151 percent with house values up 159 percent and unit values 110 percent higher. B
Taking a look at value growth across individual capital cities shows a diversity in results as Melbourne was the only capital city housing market where home values doubled over the past decade.
Home values in Sydney and Darwin have each recorded increases of more than 75% over the past decade.
Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart and Canberra increased by less than 50%. 
But over the 10 years to January 2006, home values more than doubled across every capital.
It all suggests the days of rapid value rises are behind us, or or at least for most of us.
This article was first published in the Saturday Daily Telegraph.
 
 
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It's taking longer to double your property price

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<h3 class="post-title entry-title">GUEST OBSERVER</h3>
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Headline immigration slows 
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<div>The January <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3401.0Main+Features1Jan%202016?OpenDocument" target="_blank">Overseas Arrivals &amp; Departures</a> figures revealed that permanent immigration into Australia continued to slow into the beginning of 2016, with a net +268,400 permanent and long term arrivals now tracking more than a third below the peak.</div>
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<div>There were some 13,610 permanent departures in January, the highest on record, although ABS research shows that most "permanent" departures actually return to our shores within a year.</div>
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 <div>The composition of immigrants continues to shift away from New Zealanders and Britons, and towards permanent settlers of Asian origin, now accounting for a record 57.7 per cent share over the past 12 months.</div>
 <img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1w0a3JXsOt8/VtzVO6qsuFI/AAAAAAAAbsk/Ua4W6MM6LoA/s640/ARR6.jpg" width="640" height="350"> Record high 7.5 million arrivals <div>Despite the soft headline figures those hoping for a significant decline in Australian population growth are likely to be disappointed, with the wider picture being that population growth will probably only slow from extremely strong to strong. Indeed, after accounting for the rapid growth in student visas, total population growth in Australia is probably already rising again. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In the year to January the number of short term arrivals blazed past 7.5 million for the first time in recording another strong +8.6 per cent rolling annual increase.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The number of short term departures is still creeping up, but a much more sedate pace, implying an exchange rate driven rebalancing. </div>
 <img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XRjxdNt05RE/VtzVN3S-ucI/AAAAAAAAbsY/SUn_byjPb0I/s640/ARR3.jpg" width="640" height="338"> <div> </div>
<div>There was a huge increase in the number of holiday makers to Australia in the year to January of +442,000 taking the annualised total up to a fresh high of 3.57 million, while an additional +119,400 folk came to visit friends &amp; family, taking the total for this category up to a record 2.04 million. </div>
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<div>The key reason that population growth is unlikely to slow is the vast projected boom in international students. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>There were some 55,000 education arrivals in January, by a huge margin the biggest January on record, and it seems to be a nailed on certainty that 2016 will be the greatest ever year for the enrolment of international students. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>More relaxed visa rules mean that many thousands of these students will end up becoming permanent residents in time. </div>
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<div class="separator">Last, but certainly not least, the explosion in visitors from China has virtually torn the roof off, with an astonishing +57.3 per cent increase from January 2015.</div>
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 <div>Naturally the most popular month in the calendar year for Chinese visitors will be February, due to the lunar year. The raw original data show that Chinese visitors in that month have ramped up at an astonishing pace:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Feb 2012 - 66,500</div>
<div>Feb 2013 - 110,400</div>
<div>Feb 2014 - 104,400 </div>
<div>Feb 2015 - 164,400</div>
<div> </div>
<div>It seems likely that Febuary 2016 was another record-breaker, but we'll have to wait another month for the official confirmation of that. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The wrap</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The full suite of figures appear to tie with DIBP forecasts of population growth bottoming out at somewhere close to 300,000 per annum, before increasing strongly over the remainder of the decade. It is important to note that most of the population slowdown has been in mining and resources regions - the largest capital cities have barely experienced any slowing at all to date. Evidently the composition of immigration moving forward will be very different, with Asia being the key driver of population and tourism growth. --- Chinese iron ore, coke and rebar futures have all hit limit up during today's trade, while crude might even get back to $40. Nice to see. A few mining stocks are going ballistic. </div>
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Asian century tees off in Australia: Pete Wargent

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Australia has a serious housing affordability problem, according to Richard Holden, professor of economics at UNSW Australia Business School.
"Since 1997 price-to-income and price-to-rent ratios have nearly doubled," he recently wrote in the Australian Financial Review.
"Since 1995, price-to-income ratios have grown 50 per cent more than the OECD average."
He said the undisputed facts were Sydney's price to income ratio of 12.2 makes it the second least affordable city in the world, behind Hong Kong. Melbourne ranks fourth.
"It turns out that London and San Francisco are cheap by comparison."
</div>
<div>In June 2015 he wrote a report for the McKell Institute called Switching Gears, which suggested that certain changes to negative gearing could have a positive impact on housing affordability, the federal budget, job creation and growth.</div>
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<div>"The ALP last week announced a policy that essentially adopts this recommendation." </div>
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<div>He said it respected existing investment arrangements and provided a smooth transition away from negative gearing of existing dwellings, rather than an abrupt disruption that would come from either capping or eliminating it.</div>
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<div>"Modifying negative gearing along the lines of my McKell plan is the market-based, incentive-driven approach to solving our housing affordability problem.</div>
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<div>"It addresses the skewed tax incentives in the current regime, and it uses the power of markets to tackle the housing affordability problem.</div>
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<div>"Perhaps that is why is has been met with general approval from economists like Saul Eslake and Warwick McKibbin, former politicians like Jeff Kennett, and business leaders like Jillian Broadbent."</div>
<div> </div>
<div>When I wrote the report I imagined that a pro-market, pro-incentive, fiscal conservative like Malcolm Turnbull would smile on the plan.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>"Instead, it has been welcomed by the Labor Party and Mr Turnbull has booed it," Richard Holden said.</div>
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Malcolm Turnbull should embrace my negative gearing policy: Richard Holden

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GUEST OBSERVER
Last week's GDP print was a strong result, considering the global backdrop. 
Australia's economy grew at an above-trend pace of 3.0% y-o-y over 2015, despite falling commodity prices and China's slowdown. 
Monetary policy deserves much of the credit. Cuts to interest rates over the past four years and a significant fall in the AUD have been the key supports for growth.
 Low rates have lifted housing prices and construction, which is feeding through to a positive wealth effect on consumer spending. 
The lower AUD is supporting strong export growth, particularly of tourism and education services to Asia. At the same time, inflation is low and set to remain so. Despite these positive growth stories, the RBA may still need to cut further to keep inflation on target. 
We have long been optimists on the Australian growth outlook. A key part of this story has been our belief that monetary policy is powerful and has been well managed. 
In short, when the mining boom was at its peak, in 2011, monetary policy settings were very tight, which held back the non- mining sectors and kept inflation contained. This meant that there was then significant scope to loosen settings when the mining boom ended, thereby rebalancing and lifting growth. The RBA cut its cash rate from a peak of 4.75% in 2011 to 2.00% and the AUD has fallen from US105 cents to under US75 cents. 
The cut in interest rates supported a 30% rise in housing prices since mid-2012. 
The combination of rising housing prices and low interest rates drove new building approvals to record highs in H2 2015. Last week's GDP numbers provided evidence that rising housing prices are also delivering a positive wealth effect, with the household saving rate falling from 9.1% to 7.6% over the past year. Although income growth has slowed, due to slower wages growth, rising housing prices and greater certainty about employment prospects are seeing households choose to spend more of their disposable income, particularly on services. The pick-up in the service sector is, in turn, driving a pick-up in employment. 
The lower AUD has also supported growth by improving Australia's competitiveness. In particular, and perhaps surprisingly to some observers, this is supporting a strong rise in net services exports. Inbound tourism and international student enrolments have picked up strongly, particularly from Asia. At the same time, Australians are also choosing to take fewer international trips. 
Net services exports have gone from being a drag on the economy of around 0.75ppts of GDP, four years ago, when the currency was high, to contributing around 0.5ppts to GDP growth over the past year. Without this swing, GDP growth of 3.0% in Q4 would be under 2.0%. Importantly, the lift in net services exports has nothing to do with the housing boom. So the rebalancing of growth is not just a shift from mining to housing. Services exports are being driven by Asia's increasing demand for tourism and international education services, helped along by the lower AUD. 
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This great rebalancing act provides strong evidence that Australian monetary policy works.
However, the rebalancing story is not over yet and nor is the role of monetary policy. Although local growth has been solid in recent years, it has not been rapid enough to absorb all of the available spare capacity. The transition from mining- to non-mining-led growth has left GDP growth at a below-trend average of 2.4% over the past three years (even with the 3.0% y-o-y print in Q4).
Although the unemployment rate has fallen from 6.3% to 6.0% over the past year, it is still well above its full employment level of 5.25-5.5% and has been for four years. As a result, wages growth is weak. Indeed, even the state with the strongest economic conditions, New South Wales, is yet to see a pick-up in wage growth. Combined with low global inflation, this has meant that underlying inflation is now at the bottom edge of the RBA's 2-3% target band.
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A number of near term challenges to growth also remain. Mining investment still has further to fall. Global commodity prices also have declined further since last year and over-supply in many markets is set to keep them low. Global growth is below trend and the Asian economies are being held back by weak global trade. 
Australia's housing boom is also cooling, much as it should, given the already substantial run-up in housing prices and residential construction. However, the end of the housing boom means it is unlikely that household consumption will continue at the same strong pace observed late last year. 
The other challenge is the AUD. As we described above, the AUD has been a key driver of the rebalancing act and a key support for growth recently. But low global inflation, further expected rate cuts from the ECB and Bank of Japan and the markets’ doubts about whether the US Federal Reserve will hike again this year, have meant that speculative positions have turned long on the Australian dollar. 
The currency has climbed from its low point of US69 cents in January to now trading around US74 cents. A higher Australian dollar is unhelpful for the rebalancing story and likely to put further downward pressure on already low underlying inflation. 
So although the growth performance is impressive, given the global backdrop, the question is: will there be enough growth to keep inflation on target? At the same time, local financial conditions have been tightening, not loosening, as the AUD has moved higher and the cash rate has been steady while inflation has fallen (meaning real interest rates have increased). Effective mortgage and business lending rates have also been lifted in recent months, despite a steady RBA cash rate, as a result of regulatory changes and higher global funding costs. 
Just to keep the same effective financial conditions settings as delivered the strong H2 GDP growth performance the RBA may have to cut further. Thankfully, with a cash rate at 2.00% and inflation low the RBA has scope to cut further to keep Australia's great rebalancing act underway. Our central case sees another 25bp cut from the RBA around mid-year (Q2). 
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Loose monetary policy is rebalancing growth: HSBC's Paul Bloxham

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GUEST OBSERVER
The digital divide continues to narrow in Australia but important divisions persist, and there are clear disparities between different groups in their use of the internet.
It’s a pattern that’s been apparent for some time and it has been confirmed by an analysis of data on the household use of technology released last week by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. 
First, the good news. The research found 85 percent of Australians aged 15 and older were internet users and that 86 percent of Australian households had internet access in 2014-15 (up from 83 percent two years previous and 67 percent in 2007-08).
The digital divide 
The kicker in these figures is that as more and more Australians are online, the disadvantage of being offline grows. So as the divide narrrows, it gets deeper.
Meanwhile, teachers assume their students have unrestricted access to the internet and set homework accordingly; businesses assume their customers are internet users and shape their offerings online; and governments shift resources to digital provision of information and opportunities to interact. 
But household access to the internet is not spread evenly across Australian states and territories. At one end of the scale, 94 percent of ACT households enjoy an internet connection while at the other, only 82 percent of Tasmanian and South Australian households have access. 
Those living in major cities are more likely to have access than those in rural and remote Australia; 88 percent of households in our major cities have access. This falls to 82% for those living inner regional and 79 percent for those in outer regional and remote, or very remote, areas. 
While two thirds of low-income households have access, 98 percent of the highest-income households have an internet connection. And it’s not just access that is affected by income. 
Of the lowest-income households, 44 percent have a tablet in the home, compared to 76% of the highest-income households. The mean number of devices used to access the internet in the lowest-income households is four compared to seven in the highest. 
This is important because these devices enable individuals in the household to access the internet simultaneously. Homework can be done while someone else plays games while that night’s cook looks up recipes online.
Education counts
The more highly educated you are, the more likely you are to be an internet user; 96 percent of those with a bachelor degree or higher use the internet. As educational attainment falls, this proportion decreases, down to 77 percent for those with Year 12 or below. 
Internet use by employed Australians is 93 percent; for unemployed only 70 percent. 
Age is still a key factor in internet use. Just over a half of Australians aged 65 or over use the internet while the corresponding figure of those aged 15-17 is 98.6 percent. The big drop-off in use is between those aged 55-64 (81 percent) and those in the oldest age group.
There are indications that older Australians who do use the internet are not deriving the benefits of younger users. Surprisingly, internet users aged 25-34 are twice as likely as those aged 65 or more to access health services online (32 percent to 16 percent). 
The story is the same for regional and remote Australia. The further you get from physical health services, the less likely you are to use the internet to access online health services.
This pattern is repeated for formal education online. Of internet users living in a major city, 27 percent accessed formal education online compared to 21 percent living inner regional, 20 percent in outer regional and 17 percent who are remote or very remote areas. 
Working from home
Using the internet to work from home is strongly related to income. While just under a third of employed persons living in a low-income household worked from home via the internet, 62 percent of those in the highest-income households teleworked. 
The regional pattern was also interesting. Those living in major cities or in rural and remote Australia were equally likely to telework (46 percent) compared to 38 percent living in inner regional Australia and 35 percent in outer regional Australia. 
Addressing the digital divide and fostering digital inclusion remains a challenging and important public policy issue in Australia. The Go Digi Project, a collaboration between Infoxchange and Australia Post, have designated 2016 the National Year of Digital Inclusion.
Telstra along with partners the Swinburne Institute and the Centre for Social Impact are developing the Australian Digital Inclusion Index to be launched later this year. This is an attempt to better understand who is not engaging online and how that might be remedied.
So there is a lot happening in this space.
As more and more resources shift online and connectivity becomes the norm for most Australians, the disadvantage faced by those not online or those with limited access, increases. And as faster broadband is rolled out via the national broadband network, the relative disadvantage of those on more modest connections will increase.
Just as importantly, building the digital capacity of disadvantaged Australians to enable them to take full advantage of online resources remains a critical issue. We must ensure that those with the most to gain from the digital revolution are able to fully engage with the online world.
Australia's connection to the internet continues to grow but there are still 1.3 million households not online.
Scott Ewing is senior research fellow, Swinburne University of Technology, and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/scott-ewing-13314" target="_blank">here</a>.
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