Developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/bottega-property-group">Bottega House</a> has secured council approval for its first Brisbane project - a $270 million luxury residential development on an absolute riverfront site in leafy St Lucia.&nbsp;

The 15-storey project, known as <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/st-lucia-by-bottega-house-180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">St Lucia by Bottega House</a> , will occupy a prime north-facing site at 178-180 Macquarie Street, directly fronting the Brisbane River in the established inner-west suburb known for its rowing clubs, golf courses and sprawling University of Queensland campus.&nbsp;

St Lucia by Bottega House will feature a suite of amenities including dedicated wellness spaces, a mineral pool and cold plunge. The project has been positioned to attract affluent owner-occupiers seeking high-quality, house-sized apartments.&nbsp;

Bottega House has been set up by co-directors Nick Malloch, Louis Mennes and Craig Marsh.

Malloch said the project drew inspiration from its Brisbane River setting and leafy inner-west surrounds, while responding to the demands of discerning locals looking to transition from freestanding homes into apartment living.&nbsp;

"With an expansive river frontage and lush green surrounds, we knew we had to create something special that reflects the natural beauty of the location while offering residents masterfully crafted homes," said Malloch.&nbsp;

"Our intent was to complement the project's quiet, private setting by introducing residences that offer a calm retreat and sanctuary from the everyday. The result is a harmonious blend of architecture, interiors and amenity that emphasises wellbeing, comfort and beauty without excess."&nbsp;

Malloch added that project consultants had been carefully selected in alignment with Bottega House's commitment to care, quality and attention to detail. The design team includes architects <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a>, interiors practice <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and landscaping by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/urbis">Urbis</a>.&nbsp;

Three-bedroom apartments are expected to start around $5 millio. Selling agents Keenan &amp; Byrne said the pricing strategy for the project was anticipated to achieve upwards of $25,500 per square metre.&nbsp;

The project's development approval this week follows the success of Bottega House's inaugural Queensland project - a 22-storey collection of full-floor sky homes at Broadbeach on the Gold Coast which included the sale of a two-storey penthouse at a record price for a beachside residence.&nbsp;

St Lucia by Bottega House is expected to launch to market in November, with construction anticipated to be completed mid 2029.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=151826]

Joel Robinson

Bottega House to make Brisbane debut with St Lucia riverfront apartment development

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sherpa-property-group">Sherpa Property Group</a> is advancing its affordable apartment model into Brisbane with the acquisition of another site at Cordelia Street in South Brisbane for $27 million.

Sherpa, which has a $1.7 billion pipeline across Southeast Queensland, intends to bring a cohort of apartments exclusively for first homebuyers into its proposed 186-apartment project to be built at 2 Cordelia Street.

The Sherpa model has already been incredibly well received from their Gold Coast projects, where Sherpa Group set aside a number of apartments exclusively for first homebuyers.

The new $320 million project marks Sherpa Group's second development in Brisbane, following its $255 million Symphony project, also on Cordelia Street, which is currently under construction.

Symphony will deliver 146 apartments across 28 levels, offering a mix of one, two and three-bedroom apartments. With 114 already sold, construction by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/lps-group">LPS Group</a> is scheduled for completion in 2028.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7574 project_image_fid=351654]

Sherpa Founder, Christie Leet, said the company was excited to be venturing into Brisbane for its second residential project.

“We’re big believers in the future of Brisbane as we lead into the 2032 Olympics and beyond,” Leet said.

“The success of Symphony has guided us into what will be our second project and we look forward to submitting our plans with council soon so we can deliver yet another quality project to the inner city residential market.

“Our Flourish model has been very well received both in Brisbane and the Gold Coast, and we’re excited to be able to offer some of these apartments again exclusively to first homebuyers to help get them into the property market.

“The model has been extraordinarily well received in our previous projects and it is something we are committed to moving forward.”

2 Cordelia Street will be designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/hal-architects">HAL Architects</a> &amp; Finegrain and will include Sherpa’s signature residential amenities including pool, gym, recreation, wellness and work from home spaces.

The project will feature ground-floor commercial space, creating a vibrant amenity for residents and the surrounding community.

A development application will be lodged with Brisbane City Council in August on the code compliant site and will be launched to the market early 2027.

Sherpa acquires new site for second Brisbane apartment tower

One of North Sydney's best-known commercial buildings could become hundreds of new homes, with insurance giant Zurich Australia lodging a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) to transform 5 Blue Street into a mixed-use residential development above North Sydney Station.

Rather than demolishing the existing building and starting again, Zurich is proposing an adaptive reuse project that would convert the landmark office building into a 15-level residential development delivering 62 apartments, 86 affordable co-living dwellings, activated retail and significant upgrades to the Blue Street Plaza.

The proposal reflects a growing trend of commercial property owners repositioning ageing office assets into residential housing as Sydney grapples with housing supply shortages and changing workplace demand.

<img alt="Zurich" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0bba7d12-06dc-4375-aad7-238c94b21ac5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%2010.42.05%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=NJl5oLAEBDGuPmY3RnyliKODjMc8lvRh" />

Located directly above North Sydney Metro and train station, the 3,051 sqm site occupies one of the most strategically positioned parcels of land on Sydney's Lower North Shore.

Designed by fjcstudio, the proposal seeks to retain and adapt much of the existing structure while creating a contemporary residential address that better connects with the public domain surrounding North Sydney Station.

The application proposes two basement levels, ground floor retail, affordable co-living accommodation across the podium levels, and apartments above, while preserving and enhancing the publicly accessible Blue Street Plaza.

Rather than pursuing maximum apartment numbers, Zurich has opted for a housing mix heavily weighted towards larger owner-occupier residences.

The proposal includes 62 build-to-sell apartments comprising 12 one-bedroom, 19 two-bedroom, 29 three-bedroom apartments and two premium penthouses. It also incorporates 86 affordable co-living dwellings, which would be managed in perpetuity by a Community Housing Provider.

That balance between traditional apartments and affordable housing reflects the NSW Government's push to increase housing diversity around major transport infrastructure.

The proposal has been lodged concurrently with a rezoning application, with Zurich arguing the site is ideally positioned to support additional housing given its immediate proximity to public transport, employment and services.

"The proposal aims to respond to the housing challenges facing Sydney through the delivery of diverse housing types in a highly accessible location," the design report by fjcstudio states. It also seeks to improve pedestrian amenity through upgrades to Blue Street Plaza while creating a high-performing residential building that responds to the surrounding context.

<img alt="Zurich" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="36082e15-c636-4481-bb68-5a5f6443fe39" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%2010.41.36%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=5P6VD.fvmqjQfIG3TWWMRXxQWiQBjeFB" />

Rather than replacing the commercial building, fjcstudio has developed a design that works with the existing structural framework above the rail corridor, an approach that significantly reduces demolition while allowing the site to be repositioned as a mixed-use residential precinct.

The existing structural constraints have informed much of the building's design, including its relationship with Blue Street and surrounding public spaces.

The building has been designed as a slender tower rising above a clearly defined podium, with vertically expressed façades intended to reduce the perceived bulk while reinforcing North Sydney's emerging skyline.

According to fjcstudio, the architectural language responds directly to the surrounding commercial towers while maintaining a finer grain expression more closely aligned with the neighbouring Lavender Bay streetscape.

The tower incorporates articulated façade elements, landscaped podium edges and recessed upper levels to soften its appearance and improve pedestrian amenity below.

A significant component of the proposal is the revitalisation of Blue Street Plaza.

The existing public space has long served as one of the primary pedestrian connections between North Sydney Station, Greenwood Plaza and Blue Street, yet its role is expected to become even more important following the opening of Sydney Metro.

Zurich's proposal seeks to strengthen that role by improving landscaping, introducing new retail frontages, enhancing pedestrian permeability and creating more active edges throughout the day and evening.

Ground floor retail would wrap the plaza, while separate residential and co-living entries have been designed to improve wayfinding without reducing street activation.

Landscape design has been integrated throughout the podium and public realm, softening what is currently one of the most heavily urbanised parts of North Sydney.

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fjcstudio has carefully oriented apartments towards Sydney Harbour and the CBD while using privacy blades and articulated façades to minimise overlooking between neighbouring buildings.

Large framed openings along the western elevation maximise harbour outlooks, while the eastern apartments have been angled towards the south-east to improve privacy from neighbouring development.

The project forms part of the continuing transformation of North Sydney from a predominantly commercial CBD into a genuine mixed-use city centre.

Since the completion of Victoria Cross Metro Station, developers have increasingly shifted their attention towards residential projects capable of leveraging the area's unparalleled transport connectivity.

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FiveX recently lodged plans for a 61-storey, 490-apartment tower that would become one of the tallest residential buildings in North Sydney if approved.

Aqualand continues to expand its Lower North Shore presence following the completion of AURA on Walker Street and its recent St Leonards and Roseville proposals.

Developers are also progressing projects throughout Walker Street, Miller Street and the Victoria Cross precinct as demand for well-located owner-occupier apartments continues to strengthen.

First look: Zurich targets North Sydney office conversion with 148-unit proposal above Metro station

Busy developer Aqualand Prestige has formally taken the next step in its expansion across Sydney's Lower North Shore, lodging a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) for its long-held Archer Street site in Chatswood.

The application covers <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/51-55-archer-street-chatswood-nsw-2067">51-55 Archer Street</a>, a 1,767 sqm amalgamated site on the eastern edge of the Chatswood CBD, where the developer is seeking approval for a 45-level mixed-use tower delivering 114 apartments, including a significant affordable housing component, alongside retail, commercial space and six basement levels of parking.

The SSDA marks the latest milestone for a project Aqualand has been quietly progressing over the past two years. The developer first secured the site for its Aqualand Prestige platform before undertaking an alternative design excellence process with PTW Architects, ultimately avoiding a formal design competition through the Housing Delivery Authority pathway.

The proposal has evolved considerably from Aqualand's original concept. The revised scheme has been designed around larger owner-occupier product, with an unusually high proportion of three and four-bedroom apartments, targeting the more affluent buyer profile, and downsizer, emerging across the North Shore.

<img alt="Archer St" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0171204c-5811-41b5-9b09-2335d1b7c3d0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-22%20at%208.52.48%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=6YTuxfq.puZo7k2wbfgemcO5K3QfXYGQ" />

The 114-apartment mix comprises six studios, 27 one-bedroom apartments, 18 two-bedroom apartments, 50 three-bedroom residences and 13 four-bedroom homes. A quarter of the building will be dedicated to affordable housing, well above the mandated 15 per cent&nbsp;

PTW has structured the building vertically, with affordable housing across levels one to six, premium apartments through levels seven to 31, duplex skyhomes on klevels 32 to 43, a penthouse on level 44, and a rooftop plant level above. Six basement levels will provide resident parking and servicing.

The tower is proposed to reach approximately 154 metres, placing it among a growing collection of residential high-rises transforming Chatswood's skyline.

Rather than competing purely on height, PTW says the design has been driven by creating a slimmer tower capable of delivering significantly larger apartments.

"The primary objective of this project was to create a distinctive building that stands out from the recently approved or built structures in the Chatswood area," the design report states, noting the structural efficiency allows greater investment into apartment quality and resident amenity.

Residents would have access to more than 450 sqm of communal open space including landscaped gardens, swimming pool, rooftop entertaining areas, fitness spaces, community gardens, children's play areas and barbecue facilities.

A major focus of the design has been the public domain.

The ground plane has been opened up through landscaped terraces inspired by Willoughby's sandstone ridges, with native planting, public seating, artwork, retail activation and a series of gathering spaces intended to soften what has traditionally been a hard commercial streetscape.

The landscape strategy references Blue Gum forests once common throughout the area, while incorporating Indigenous storytelling, public art and lighting installations to strengthen the connection to Country.

Chatswood has been one of Sydney's busiest apartment markets over the past 12 months, with a steady pipeline of both new project launches and fresh development applications.

Hyecorp recently launched Celine, a 122-apartment development just along Archer Street, while Changfa and Huirong Group are progressing The Anderson, an 84-apartment project on Anderson Street.

Develotek recently secured approval for a 101-apartment tower on Pacific Highway, while Tian An LFD received the green light for Hammond Greens, its apartment development on the edge of the Chatswood Bowling Club.

Commercial property developer FiveX is also making its move into the residential market. Last month it lodged plans for a 61-storey tower with 490 apartments, which, if approved, would become one of the tallest residential buildings in Chatswood.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-fivex-targets-chatswood-skyline-with-61-storey-tower-after-north-sydney-plans">First look: FiveX targets Chatswood skyline with 61-storey tower after North Sydney plans</a>

Aqualand is also expanding its development pipeline following the launch of its luxury residential brand, Aqualand Prestige. The developer has delivered a string of high-end apartment projects across Sydney's affluent suburbs over the past decade, most recently AURA by Aqualand on Walker Street in North Sydney.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=292863]

It has since quietly assembled its next wave of projects.

Earlier this year Aqualand launched Boronia in Roseville, a boutique 111-apartment development on Larkin Street. The project is one of the first significant apartment developments to launch in the suburb ahead of what is expected to become one of Sydney's most active new housing precincts under the NSW Government's Low and Mid-Rise Housing reforms, which allow greater density around train stations.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152095 project_image_fid=373685]

The developer has also lodged plans for a two-tower, 413-apartment development on Herbert Street in nearby St Leonards, further strengthening its presence across the Lower North Shore.

Beyond that, Aqualand remains behind the final stage of Barangaroo, where plans will deliver a five-hectare mixed-use precinct comprising new homes, retail, hospitality and community facilities, alongside a new Metro entrance and more than two hectares of public open space, completing the Barangaroo precinct.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/central-barangaroo-development-takes-big-step-with-concept-proposal-approval">Central Barangaroo development takes big step with concept proposal approval</a>

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-aqualand-joins-st-leonards-apartment-party">First look: Aqualand joins St Leonards apartment party</a> 
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First look: Aqualand pushes ahead with Chatswood apartment tower as SSDA lodged for Archer Street

Mass timber is becoming an increasingly popular construction material in apartment developments, but Adelaide developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/otello">Otello</a> is taking the approach a step further.

At its new <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flowe-bowden-18-gibson-street-bowden-sa-5007">Flowe Bowden</a> development, the exposed cross-laminated timber (CLT) structure isn't just about reducing the building's environmental footprint. It also forms the foundation of a broader wellness strategy, influencing everything from indoor air quality and natural materials to the way residents move through and experience the building.

The 115-apartment mixed-use development, designed by Melbourne-based architecture practice Fieldwork, will occupy a prominent island site opposite Bowden Village Reserve, combining one, two and three-bedroom apartments with retail and a dedicated wellness destination.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375528]

Wellness isn't confined to a gym or shared resident facility at Flowe. Instead, Fieldwork embedded the concept into the building itself.

The development has been split into two residential wings connected by a naturally ventilated central breezeway, replacing traditional enclosed corridors with open-air walkways that improve natural light, encourage cross ventilation and create more opportunities for neighbourly interaction.

"Rather than treating wellness as something that only happens on the ground floor, our response integrates it throughout the building, which led us to ask what it really means to design a healthy building," Fieldwork Director Quino Holland said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375531]

The building's architecture also reflects Bowden's industrial heritage. The lower podium references the area's historic brick and sandstone buildings, while the upper levels transition to exposed CLT, allowing the timber structure to become a defining feature throughout the apartments and shared spaces.

The use of mass timber sits alongside a range of sustainability initiatives, including a fully electric, gas-free design, rooftop solar and a targeted 5 Star Green Star rating.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375524]

Inside the residences, the focus remains on natural, durable materials. Blackbutt engineered timber flooring, exposed CLT ceilings, porcelain surfaces and warm timber joinery create a calming interior palette, while low-VOC finishes and responsibly sourced materials have been selected to improve indoor air quality.

Kitchens have been designed as the centrepiece of each apartment, featuring porcelain island benchtops, timber-look cabinetry and brushed steel tapware, with layouts that maximise natural light and ventilation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152022 project_image_fid=375530]

The more traditional interpretation of wellness comes in the form of Level Eleven, a two-storey wellness club spanning the ground floor, mezzanine and first floor.

The facility will include a gym, yoga and reformer Pilates studios, Finnish and infrared saunas, magnesium hot and cold plunge pools, and dedicated recovery spaces. Unlike many residential wellness facilities, Level Eleven will also operate commercially, allowing the broader Bowden community to access the venue while giving residents exclusive membership benefits.

The ground floor has also been designed around everyday living. A café overlooking Bowden Village Reserve will activate the street frontage, while a bike workshop with tool storage, co-working space and dog wash has been incorporated to support daily routines and encourage interaction between residents.

"Flowe brings together my two biggest passions, creating places and creating healthier lives," Otello founder Daniel Harris said.

"We wanted to create something Adelaide hasn't seen before, a genuinely healthy building, where the way you live is lifted without even trying."

Flowe is positioned directly opposite Bowden Village Reserve and within walking distance of Bowden Railway Station and the Adelaide Entertainment Centre, placing future residents just minutes from the Adelaide CBD while remaining connected to one of the city's most established urban renewal precincts.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=152022]

Otello launches wellness-focused Flowe Bowden with Adelaide-first mass timber apartment design

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

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First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

Not all apartment amenities are immediately visible.

Swimming pools, gyms, rooftop terraces and residents' lounges have long featured on buyers' wishlists, but as the way Australians live has changed, so too have the features that make apartment living more convenient.

Increasingly, buyers are placing value on the practical aspects of day-to-day life. Fast internet, EV charging, secure bike storage, flexible workspaces and parcel management are becoming just as relevant as lifestyle amenities, reflecting changing habits and expectations.

Online shopping has been one of the biggest drivers of that shift.

Australians spent a record $82.6 billion shopping online in 2025, with almost one in every four retail dollars now spent digitally, making parcel deliveries a routine part of everyday life rather than an occasional convenience.

For apartment residents, however, receiving those deliveries isn't always straightforward.

Without someone home to accept a parcel, deliveries can be redirected to a nearby Post Office, left in building foyers or common areas, or require building management to temporarily store packages. As apartment living continues to grow across Australia's cities, parcel management has become an increasingly important consideration for both residents and developers.

Australia Post's Parcel Locker network is one response to that shift.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KPZ9j5FRdsQ?si=Qztc1dNP3ZvEIUhb" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

Rather than relying on home delivery, eligible parcels can be directed to a nominated Parcel Locker, where they're securely stored until collected. Once a parcel arrives, residents receive a notification through the AusPost app or SMS and can retrieve it using a one-time code or QR code at a time that suits them.

The network has expanded to more than 1,500 locations nationwide, with Parcel Lockers positioned at Post Offices, shopping centres, supermarkets, transport hubs and, increasingly, within or alongside residential developments.

That growing presence reflects a broader change in how apartment buildings are being planned.

Developers are increasingly considering the operational side of apartment living alongside traditional lifestyle amenities. Just as secure mailrooms, bicycle storage and EV charging have become more common inclusions, parcel management is emerging as another feature that supports everyday convenience.

It also helps preserve the arrival experience within a building. Carefully designed lobbies and communal spaces can quickly become cluttered when deliveries accumulate, while secure parcel solutions reduce the likelihood of missed deliveries or parcels being left unattended.

For buyers comparing apartments, these everyday details are becoming part of the decision-making process.

Location, floorplans and finishes remain fundamental, but the features that simplify daily life are carrying greater weight than they once did. As online shopping continues to shape consumer behaviour, secure parcel delivery is increasingly becoming another amenity worth looking for.

Parcel delivery is joining the apartment amenity checklist

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Brisbane's GPO Hotel Fortitude Valley, a popular icon in the Fortitude Valley nightlife scene, is up for sale.
CBRE Hotels has launched an expressions of interest campaign for the hotel on behalf of the Lantern Hotel Group. The EOI campaign closes March 31.
The hotel, sporting Victorian Italianate style architecture, is located at 740 Ann Street on a 956sqm corner site.
The freehold building earns $329,052 per annum, with fixed 3.5% annual increases. It is leased until 2019 with four 10-year options.
The zoning is flexible for future uses as retail, residential or office. There is potential for increased density subject to council approvals.
The listing agents are Glenn Price, Daniel Dragicevich and Darren Collins of CBRE.
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Brisbane's Fortitude Valley hotel on the market

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Chinese developer Yuhu Group is considering an early release of second stage sales after its first project in Sydney - The Miller at North Sydney - saw all four top-floor penthouses being snapped up last weekend in stage one. 
All stage one contracts have so far exchanged hands, with sold prices for the four top-floor penthouses starting at $3 million and all going to local buyers. A 72 sqm two-bedroom north-east facing apartment sold for $1.5million, also to a local buyer, said a media release.
The $200-million residential project at 221 Miller Street was launched by Yuhu Group on March 19. The tower will have 21-storeys comprising 183 apartments and 100 serviced apartments.  
Ray White Projects is marketing the release of apartments.
Ray White Projects director Eddie Mansour said this was a strong sign for the Sydney market.
“Although there is a lot of speculation that the market is slowing, the quick sell out of our first release shows that there is still significant strength in the Sydney market, and high demand for quality apartments within the city,” he said.
“Interest in The Miller has been from a combination of both offshore and local buyers, with the first release of marketing material generating notable interest.”
The second release of apartments is scheduled for May, but the group may consider an earlier release after the response it got over the weekend.
Construction will commence mid-2016 with an expected completion date in 2018.
For more information, <a href="https://yuhugroup.com.au/221MILLER" target="_blank">click here</a>.
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Yuhu's The Miller residential tower in North Sydney secures stage one sell out 

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Illawarra in NSW has seen reasonable growth in the past 12 to 18 months in all sectors and there is a sense in the market that it will continue, particularly in the below $600,000 section of the market, according to recent sales and agents’ advice, say Herron Todd White in their March property clock.
Affordable housing has had a blip from the lows of late 2011 to 2012 but there are few suburbs in the general Illawarra area where it is possible to get something in the sub $400,000 range.
<a href="/images/2016/03/16/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-16%20at%209.27.30%20AM.png" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Click to enlarge</a>
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In the south, across the Shellharbour LGA there are some older houses under $450,000 but these are getting harder to come by as well. This is a big change from three years back when properties could be purchased for under $300,000. The postcode to look for here is 2529.
As usual it is always the lower end of the market that moves first and sees the better percentage increase in value. Never forget the low end of a market in the better located suburbs. You will generally be a clear winner when the whole market moves.
The mid range has remained strong during the past year and the $700,000 to $850,000 range has a bit more strength, depending on the suburb of course. This is the second home buyer’s sector and those who bought four years ago have seen some genuine increases, particularly around the northern beaches. Suburbs such as Figtree, Keiraville, Balgownie, Fairy Meadow, Corrimal, Woonona and Towradgi have experienced some good growth in values in this time. The postcode to look for here is 2519.
Above $900,000, the depth of buyers drops off, but there is still reasonable activity and some good strength. Over $1 million there are some good sales but it is generally thinly traded and tending to be harder to find bargains. The major influences in this sector are interstate investors and Sydney buyers looking for an upmarket house close to the beach but within commuting distance of Sydney. Bulli, Thirroul, Austinmer, Coledale and Stanwell Park are all attractive to this buyer sector.
Kiama and Minnamurra are also included in the southern parts of the region, with a good deal of holiday house buying pushing the market.
Let’s look at some of the good long term growth sectors in the Illawarra market.
In our view this lies in the lower ranges, affordable ($600,000 to 700,000) in a desirable location i.e. north or close to Wollongong CBD.
For units, we see CBD units close to the beach, university or hospital in the range of $350,000 to $450,000 as being a good bet for the future.
What offers the average buyer the best chance of growth over the medium term?
Pick up an older home in a good location....(close to Wollongong, Shellharbour or the beach) where the majority of the value is in the land... worst house in the best street etc. Don’t go for the new project home in a fringe location - remember that only the land increases over time, not the improvements – a tried and true adage in real estate. Forget about having all the mod cons when buying your first house – buy a shack on the best land you can. It will serve you well in the long term. Remember the 60/40 rule.
If someone called our office looking to spend a reasonable amount of money but didn’t want to sit on the property forever, we would direct them to inner suburbs close to employment centres, whether Wollongong, Shellharbour or Kiama LGAs.
The average buyer profile in this sector is mixed and includes investors and first home buyers, but increasingly we see small builders and amateur developers invading the market. 
Overall, the Illawarra property market has remained quite buoyant especially in the low and mid ranges, with the prestige markets tapering off. The outlook for the Illawarra property market appears to be in a steady but not spectacular growth mode. If interest rates rise there will be some fallout and values may ease. 
As an illustration, Property Observer found two examples of recent sales in the region:
 
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1. A four-bedroom house at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-nsw-berry-121385030" target="_blank">4 Womack Close Berry NSW 2535</a> (above) sold for $710,000 recently.
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/main-3.jpg" alt="" width="677" height="508">
2. A two-bedroom apartment at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-apartment-nsw-fairy+meadow-121939174" target="_blank">3/138 Carters Lane Fairy Meadow NSW 2519</a> sold recently for $345,000.
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Illawarra likely to see growth in below $600,000 properties: HTW

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Australia has a sound and credible macroeconomic policy framework: Glenn Stevens

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In making serviceability assessments of borrowers, most ADIs currently use a methodology in which they calculate the borrower’s Net Income Surplus (NIS).
Computing NIS is a multi-faceted calculation, with a number of different inputs, and for which the relative importance of each input is not always clear.
Assessing the relative prudence of NIS assessments across ADIs can therefore be problematic, as it can be difficult to determine the extent to which one conservative assumption outweighs another less- conservative assumption, and apparent minor differences in methodology can sometimes have a significant impact on the overall outcome.
To assess and compare lending standards across ADIs, one technique used by APRA has been a Hypothetical Borrower Exercise (HBE).
In early 2015, APRA asked a number of the larger ADIs to provide their serviceability assessments for four hypothetical mortgage borrowers — two owner-occupiers and two investors — using their policies in place as at 31 December 2014. This allowed APRA to compare the lending decisions of ADIs based on identical borrower characteristics. Importantly, it also allowed APRA to disassemble assessments into their component parts. In May 2015, APRA outlined some results and conclusions from the first HBE.<a href="https://www.apra.gov.au/Insight/Pages/insight-issue1-2016#mortgagefn1"> </a>
To test how lending policies had changed in response to APRA’s scrutiny, APRA ran a second HBE in late 2015, based on the policies ADIs had in place as at 30 September 2015. By asking the same population of ADIs to assess the same four hypothetical borrowers, not only could APRA compare across ADIs, it could also compare the same ADI at two different points in time.
The four charts below relate to the four calculation components for one of the hypothetical borrowers — in this case, a ‘typical’ investor. The blue bars show the results for December 2014, while the red dots show the September 2015 results for the same lender. Each chart is sorted with the most conservative lender for that particular component (as at September 2015) on the left, and the least conservative on the right.
<div id="chart" class="resize">
<h4>Chart A - Income recognised (less tax and haircuts)</h4>
Percentage of gross pre-tax income
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<div class="resize"><a href="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart1.gif" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div class="resize"><img src="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart1.gif" alt=""></div>
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<div class="resize">Bars represent individual lender data </div>
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<h4>Chart B - Minimum living expense assumptions</h4>
Percentage of borrower pre-tax salary income 
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<div><a href="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart2.gif" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
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<div>Bars represent individual lender data</div>
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<h4>Chart C - New mortgage</h4>
Interest rate used in serviceability assessment
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<div><a href="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart3.gif" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div><img src="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart3.gif" alt=""></div>
<div>Bars represent individual lender data (Click to enlarge image)</div>
<div id="chart">
<h4>Chart D - Existing mortgage</h4>
Interest rate used in serviceability assessment
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart4.gif" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/2016-insight-issue1-mort-chart4.gif" alt="">
Bars represent individual lender data The current interest rate on the existing mortgage debt is 5.2%
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Chart A shows income recognised, as a percentage of gross pre-tax income.  While the assessment of PAYG salary income has usually remained the same between the two periods, a number of lenders have applied larger haircuts (i.e. discounts) to less stable sources of income such as overtime, bonuses, commissions, investment dividends and rental income.
Chart B shows minimum living expense assumptions as a percentage of pre-tax salary income.  Some lenders have made quite large changes to this component of their NIS assessment.  This impact has typically arisen from two main sources:
<ul>
<li>considering borrower-declared expenses where these are greater than calculated benchmarks; and/or</li>
<li>scaling living expense assumptions in line with income.</li>
</ul>
Chart C shows the interest rate used in the serviceability assessment for this new mortgage. Various lenders have increased that rate in response to APRA’s December 2014 letter, in which APRA stated that prudent serviceability policies should incorporate a ‘serviceability buffer of at least 2 percent above the loan product rate, with a minimum floor assessment rate of 7 percent.
Chart D shows the interest rate used in the serviceability assessment for an existing mortgage commitment. Here, the changes are even more dramatic than for Chart C, as at the time of the first HBE a number of ADIs were not using any serviceability buffer on existing debt.
These four components combine to calculate NIS. Whilst there was little overall change in NIS for the lenders that were already relatively conservative in December 2014, lenders that were the least conservative in December 2014 generally reported a significant drop in calculated NIS using their September 2015 policies. These changes had the effect of tightening the spread of calculated NIS from the most to the least conservative ADI. Overall, the maximum loan sizes reported by ADIs for the four hypothetical borrowers declined by, on average, around 12 per cent for investors and 6 per cent for owner-occupiers. (Note that this does not imply actual loan sizes are falling across the board; indeed the average size of loans continues to rise.)  
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
APRA’s HBEs have proven a simple but effective tool for examining the impact of changes to residential mortgage lending policies during 2015.  
Overall, debt serviceability assessments now appear to be both more prudent and more consistent across ADIs, relative to December 2014.  APRA will continue to engage ADIs on this issue in 2016 to assess whether the observed improvements in sound underwriting practices are maintained. APRA will also be examining the extent to which loans are able to be approved outside an ADI’s own (tightened) policy parameters.
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Property 101: APRA's loan serviceability methodologies 

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SPONSORED POST
Sydney developer Longton Property Group has started construction on its $300 million Avantra apartment development in Mascot.
Delivered by construction company Built, Avantra covers an 8,762 square metre site, and will consist of 328 apartments along with ground floor retail. 
The development comprises two multi-storey buildings surrounding a courtyard garden. 
The project, in its final release, will herald smart apartments along with its own social media called iCommunity. 
The aim is all residents are part of a virtual neighbourhood that allows them to share information. 
This system will post regular updates on news, weather or finance, which residents can access either on their phones or iPads, or on an electronic noticeboard in each lobby.  
Each Avantra apartment will also have a home automation system managed by an iPad, with which residents can control lighting (standard package), open and close blinds and other features (upgrade package). Entry will be via fingerprint locks. 
Services such as shopping and house cleaners can be managed from within the apartments with the myiButler app.
Internal size of studios in Avantra are 60m² by 61m², one-bedroom plus MPR units are 75 m² by 82m², two-bedroom plus MPR units are 100m² by 127m² while three-bedroom plus MPR unit is 154 m². 
The interior designer behind Avantra, Richard Archer of Archer + Wright, said a crucial factor in the design is that residents feel connected to their building. 
“You don’t want it to feel as if you’re going back to this massive building that you have no connection with,” he said. 
Avantra is near to Mascot Station, close to shopping areas and just kilometres from Sydney CBD.  
Residents are expected to move in by December 2017. The project is now open for further registration of buying interest.  
Historically an industrial area, Mascot has benefited from its proximity to Sydney Airport and CBD, as well as Sydney’s beaches, to become a hub of residential and commercial activity. The rapid replacement of 1950s terraced houses with multi-unit dwellings is fast transforming this area. 
Longton Property Group director Winnie Pi said Avantra “sees the perfect blend of an iconic industrial past with contemporary city living."
"The exterior of the residential buildings portray an urban aesthetic that works in sync with the already established suburb of Mascot," she added.
Longton Property Group is an Australian subsidiary of a Chinese company, and has developments around Sydney worth up to $500 million.
Its two earlier projects Futra, a 55-apartment block in Mascot, and The Uptown in Roseville, a $200 million joint venture with Chinese developer Chiwayland, also incorporated integrated technology.
For more information, <a href="https://www.avantra.com.au" target="_blank">click here</a>.
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Construction starts on smart Avantra apartments in Sydney's Mascot

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GUEST OBSERVER
Brisbane has outperformed Sydney and Melbourne in a new Australian index that measures innovation performance at a suburb level.
The index is designed to help policymakers better understand the characteristics that make some locations more innovative than others.
Brisbane has five areas in the top 10 of the innovation index in 2014, substantially more than the much larger state capitals of Sydney (three) and Melbourne (two). At the same time, areas in the other states capital cities don’t even feature until position 28.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/image-20160322-32291-1fxszd5.jpg" target="_blank"> Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/image-20160322-32291-1fxszd5.jpg" alt="">
<h4>Figure 1. BCEC Innovation index for Australia: 2014, by SA3 regions</h4>
The index is a composite of a number of indicators for both inputs to and outputs from innovation. Measures include patents, trademarks, new business entry and business R&amp;D investment (all relative to the size of the workforce), as well as the share of postgraduate qualified graduates and the ratio of research institutes to the resident population. Each of these measures either a direct innovation activity or a factor that supports innovation activities.
The index highlights the importance of location and agglomeration. The most innovative regions are usually in the largest cities and are typically near other innovative regions and relevant infrastructure that supports innovation such as business districts, universities and research institutes, as can be seen in Figure 1 above.
<h2>Proximity matters</h2>
Innovation is embedded in places. The co-location of the right mix of people, physical capital and infrastructure is key to developing new ideas and transforming them into commercial successes.
A new report from the Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre finds innovation is a local phenomenon where for a host of complex and interacting reasons, certain places and regions are doing better than others.
Innovations build on existing knowledge. Cities are the mechanism which facilitates the creation and dissemination of knowledge leading to better innovation performance. Universities increase the innovation performance of surrounding areas through direct research and innovation outputs and by improving the human capital of workers. Similarly, city centres and surrounding areas attract highly-skilled graduates.
While internet-based communication connects people in even the most remote locations with the rest of the world, when developing an innovation, these communication technologies largely complement regular face-to-face interaction rather than replacing it. It is easier to connect, share ideas and build trust with a neighbour than a person or business who is far away.
Other countries have recognised how important location is for innovation and developed place-based innovation policies.
EU countries and regions are required to have national or regional “Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation” in order to access European structural and investment funds to support research and innovation. EU cohesion policy involves a process for tailoring innovation policies to local regions, including policies for scientific R&amp;D, practice-based innovation and adoption and diffusion of knowledge and innovations.
Australia is almost twice the area of the European Union. Place-based policies are particularly important in Australia with its large distances between cities and larger distances to the rest of the world.
Place-based innovation policies are not completely new in Australia. Queensland’s “Smart State” strategy between 1998 and 2007 attempted to boost knowledge-based industries through investment in infrastructure, education and training, research programs and industry incentives. While it is difficult to measure the success of these policies the strategy may help explain the high ranking of areas in Brisbane in BCEC’s innovation index (See Table 1).
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/image-20160322-32309-veax6t.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/image-20160322-32309-veax6t.jpg" alt="">
<h4>
Table 1. Ranking of SA3 regions by 2014 BCEC Innovation index for Australia 
</h4>
<h2>International collaboration and innovation</h2>
While innovation is a local phenomenon, international collaborations can bring benefits to businesses in the form of greater exposure to new ideas, world leading advances in technology, and commercialisation opportunities.
Yet OECD comparisons show that only 7.7 percent of innovation-active businesses in Australia engage in collaborations with international partners in the United States, Asia or Europe - well below the OECD average of 17.9 percent (Figure 2).
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/image-20160322-32300-1bushko.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
 <img src="/images/2016/03/23/image-20160322-32300-1bushko.jpg" alt="">
<h4>Figure 2. Share of innovation-active firms engaged in international collaborations: OECD, 2012-13</h4>
Australia is a long way from innovation centres such as London, Tokyo, Shanghai and the Silicon Valley, of course. Australia is also far away from large cities in countries that are (relatively at least) closer to home, like Singapore or Auckland. And Australian cities are also far away from each other.
This means the knowledge inputs crucial to innovation do not diffuse easily within and to Australia, something that may be a particular constraint to innovation in Western Australia given its relative isolation.
Yet paradoxically, no more than 3.6% of Australian businesses cite access to knowledge as a barrier to innovation. This suggests - rightly or wrongly – that the majority of businesses rely on national knowledge partnerships for research and development activities.
It is difficult to square this circle, other than to speculate that some businesses in Australia perhaps “don’t know what they don’t know” – in other words, it is difficult for firms to recognise knowledge gaps as a barrier to innovation, because they simply don’t know what they haven’t learned or invented yet.
Successfully positioning Australia for an “ideas boom” may require a policy approach that addresses the unique constraints of Australia’s economic geography. In absence of such a tailored policy approach, innovation may be more expensive and difficult to achieve in Australia, discouraging R&amp;D investment and limiting the potential for an “ideas boom”.
 
Alan Duncan is director, Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre and Bankwest Research Chair in Economic Policy, Curtin University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/alan-duncan-100759" target="_blank">here</a>.
Rebecca Cassells is associate professor, Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/rebecca-cassells-127690" target="_blank">here</a>.
Steven Bond-Smith is research fellow, Bankwest-Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/steven-bond-smith-243423" target="_blank">here</a>.
All are authors for The Conversation
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Location, location, location: what’s holding back an Australian ideas boom

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GUEST OBSERVER
More Australians than ever before owned a rental property and those relying upon negative gearing dropped, according to the latest ATO Taxation statistics release.
The 2013-14 year ATO taxation return statistics show a drop to 1.257 million people (or 62 percent) declaring a net rental loss out of the 2.03 million persons that own an investment property.
The total amount of net rental loss declined from $12.04 billion to $10.97 billion which shows that more rentals across Australia were being positively geared than ever before.
There is a year on year decrease in the loss made by a rental with lower interest rates supporting this outcome. 
In the past 12 months, Australia has seen a substantial rise in the number of individuals with a rental interest, which is mainly due to the increase of middle Australia into the residential market.
In terms of additional investors, the numbers of individuals with a rental interest and a taxable income between $37,000- $80,000 has increased by 8,872 over the year, with those in this taxable income bracket hitting 707,282 individuals with a net rental interest.
The largest volume increase in overall investors came through an additional 42,362 individuals in the $80,001- $180,000 taxable income bracket. Middle Australia is clearly buying into residential property and this is the largest increase in net rental interest over the year. This taxable income group makes up 34.7 percent of all individuals with a net rental interest.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.00.10%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.00.10%20PM.png" alt="" width="727" height="312">
In 2013-14 there was also a:
• 12.9 percent increase or a 9,029 additional individuals in the $180,001- $250,000 taxable income bracket with a net rental interest.
• 10.3 percent increase or a 5,023 additional individuals in the $250,001- $500,000 taxable income bracket with a net rental interest.
• 12.4 percent increase or a 1,431 additional individuals in the $500,001- $1,000,000 taxable income bracket with a net rental interest.
• 18.5 percent increase or an additional 729 individuals in the over $1,000,000 taxable income bracket with a net rental interest.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.13.08%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.13.08%20PM.png" alt="">
There has been a clear growth in the number of lower to middle income earners that have joined the investment ranks over the past several years with those earning over $80,000 growing the largest in terms over the 12 month period.
Although the percentage increases in net rental interest at the higher taxable income ranges are the largest, their actual additional numbers are quite small compared to the lower taxable income brackets. The scale of investment in these higher taxable income brackets would be expected to be much greater than at the lower end.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.15.00%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.15.00%20PM.png" alt="">
Total property investors increased by almost 67,000 persons over the year to surpass the 2 million mark for the first time. With an eye on retirement, 29,600 of these additional new investors were aged between 40-59.
In particular, low interest rates have seen Rent Interest deductions decline by around $1.08 billion on the previous year which reduces the number of investors making an annual loss on a property.
Also contributing to the positive gearing position, there was an increase in the total Gross Rental Return from all properties by around $2.19 billion compared to the previous year.
By age, younger investors are still the most likely to rely upon negative gearing with 82 percent of all property investors aged between 18-29 declaring a net rental loss.
All age groups except those over 70 saw a decline in the net rental loss with positively geared investment increasing across the age groups as investors get closer to retirement.
Some 13 percent of all persons across the country earning a taxable income under $80,000 had a rental property, whereas 26 percent of those earning over $80,000 per year had a rental interest. The likelihood of owning a rental increases as wages increase with 40 per cent of all those earning $500,000 -$1 million having a rental interest.
In vast numbers those earning in the lower tax brackets make up the largest proportion with a rental interest.
By income, 767,000 those declaring a taxable income under $80,000 made up 61 per cent of total net rent losses, with an average Net Rent Loss of $7,351 in the year.
Other Rental Deductions, which include deductable expenses on rental properties such as repairs, maintenance, cleaners, tradeswork, insurances and other costs paid out by investors to maintain a property, climbed by almost $1.4 billion from $16.99 billion to $18.38 billion over the year. 
Over the past 20 years the Other Rental Deduction category which reduces taxable income has grown from $4 billion to $18 billion per year, so there is clearly a shift in investment patterns around the repairs and maintenance which is beneficial for tenants, jobs and the economy.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.16.22%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.16.22%20PM.png" alt="">
The rise in Other Rental Deductions shows that despite average Net Rental Losses declining, there is an increasing propensity from all investors to plough some of the gains from lower interest rates back into the property. With the negative gearing concession being a motivating factor, the increase in Other Rental Deductions provides incentive to maintain the rental yield by putting money back into keeping the tenant happy in a more competitive rental market.
With average rents starting to flatten in 2013-14 as growth that corresponded to rapidly rising property values in the previous decade subsides in parts of the country, the Other Rental Deduction investment is clearly supporting and sustaining the yield.
This increase in Other Rental Deductions by way of investment in Australian property stock would be a supporting boost for the base level trades and maintenance services on upkeep and would have provided a significant boost to jobs across these areas.
What generally has been overlooked when considering the ATO Taxation statistics in previous years is the increasing value to the economy for the trades, cleaners, gardeners, plasterers, chippies, sparkies, plumbers and others that come from the property investor that pays out when things break, need repair or maintained.  
What hasn’t been factored into account is that there has been strong growth in the numbers of those small handy trades that comprise a significant part of the property and construction workforce.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.17.38%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.17.38%20PM.png" alt="">
The increase in foreign investment in residential real estate is becoming apparent in the 2013-14 year with an 82 percent increase in non resident investment in residential real estate compared to the previous years.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.18.44%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%2012.18.44%20PM.png" alt="" width="1120" height="726">
Nicholas Proud is principal of <a href="https://propertyanalytics.com.au" target="_blank">Property and Construction Analytics Australia</a>.
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Middle Australia is buying into residential property 

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GUEST OBSERVER
The weekly ANZ/Roy Morgan consumer confidence rating fell by just 0.4 points (0.3 percent) to 116.0 in the week to March 20.
 Confidence is up 4.1 percent over the year and above the average index value of 112 since 2014.
Higher home prices: The Bureau of Statistics reports that Australian home prices rose by 0.2 percent in the December quarter to stand 8.7 percent higher over the year.
Fewer people in homes: The estimated number of people per home continues to fall, dropping from 2.491 to 2.488 in the December quarter.
The consumer confidence figures have implications for finance providers, retailers, and companies dependent on consumer and business spending.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%204.56.43%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%204.56.43%20PM.png" alt="">
What does it all mean?
Headed into a period dominated by the Federal Budget and a possible double-dissolution election, Aussie consumers are in good shape. All the key components of the confidence survey are above short-term averages.
And indeed the outlook for family finances over the coming year – a lead indicator of spending – remains positive.
The key question is how confidence evolves over the next few weeks. The Aussie dollar is near US76 cents, interest rates are at generational lows, trend unemployment is at 26-months lows and petrol prices are just above the lowest levels recorded in six years. So there are few reasons to be negative.
The Bureau of Statistics has released data on home prices for the December quarter. However the better measures on home prices are those produced by CoreLogic RP Data and it’s worth noting that March quarter data will be released in just over a week, on April 1.
From 2011 to early 2014, the average number of people in Aussie homes rose – a rare development over the past century in Australia. But with more homes being built in recent years and rental conditions easing, more Gen Y (or Millennials) have been moving out of home. As a result the number of people per home is again shrinking, serving to soak up the increased supply of new homes.
What do the figures show?
Consumer confidence
The weekly ANZ/Roy Morgan consumer confidence rating fell by 0.4 points (0.3 percent) to 116.0 in the week to March 20. Confidence is up 4.1 percent over the year and above the average of 112 since 2014. Three of the five components of the index rose in the latest week:
The estimate of family finances compared with a year ago was up from +10 to +11;
The estimate of family finances over the next year was down from +35 to +27;
Economic conditions over the next 12 months was up from -2 to +2;
Economic conditions over the next 5 years was up  from +7 to +9;
The measure of whether it was a good time to buy a major household item was down  from +32 points to +31 points.
Residential property prices
The Bureau of Statistics (ABS) has released its Residential Property Price indexes.
“The price index for residential properties for the weighted average of the eight capital cities rose 0.2 percent in the December quarter 2015. The index rose 8.7 per cent through the year to the December quarter 2015.
The capital city residential property price indexes rose in Melbourne (+1.6 percent), Brisbane (+1.6 percent), Adelaide (+0.9 percent), Canberra (+2.8 percent), Perth (+0.5 percent) and Hobart (+2.5 percent) and fell in Sydney (-1.6 percent) and Darwin (-1.8 percent).
Annually, residential property prices rose in Sydney (+13.9 percent), Melbourne (+9.6 percent), Canberra (+6.0 percent), Brisbane (+4.2 percent), Hobart (+3.5 percent) and Adelaide (+3.3 percent) and fell in Darwin (-3.2 percent) and Perth (-2.9 percent).
The ABS notes that as at December 2015 there were 9.62 million homes in Australia. On average there were 2.488 people per home, down from 2.491 in the September quarter.
“The total value of residential dwellings in Australia was $5,885,967.2m at the end of December quarter 2015, rising $31,557.1m over the quarter.
The mean price of residential dwellings rose $800 to $612,100 and the number of residential dwellings rose by 38,700 to 9,615,800 in the December quarter 2015.”
What is the importance of the economic data?
The ANZ/Roy Morgan weekly survey of consumer confidence closely tracks the monthly Westpac/Melbourne Institute consumer sentiment index but the former measure is a timelier assessment of consumer attitudes and is now closely tracked by the Reserve Bank.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)  provides quarterly data on residential prices. The figures provide further perspectives on the state of the housing purchase sector.
<a href="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%204.58.09%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/Screen%20Shot%202016-03-22%20at%204.58.09%20PM.png" alt="">
What are the implications for interest rates and investors?
CommSec doesn’t expect any change in the cash rate for the foreseeable future. Underlying inflation remains at the bottom of the 2-3 percent target band but should lift over 2016.
The Reserve Bank believes that the aspects of the consumer confidence surveys dealing with family finances are the most important. The good news for retailers is that Aussie consumers believe finances are better than a year ago and likely to remain in good shape.
The fall in the number of people per home most probably reflects lower growth in rents and the lift in homebuilding, especially the shift to apartment living. But the drop in the number of people per home is one factor serving to alleviate concerns of a potential oversupply developing of new homes.
Craig James is the chief economist at <a href="https://www.comsec.com.au/default.aspx" target="_blank">CommSec</a>.
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Contented consumers; Fewer people in homes: CommSec's Craig James

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Port Macquarie (postcode 2444), the coastal town north of Sydney, saw median rent drop more than 5.13% to $370 per week for all rental properties advertised in the 30 days up to the first week of February, according to rent.com.au.
The coastal town still made it to the top five of the most-searched regional locations list compiled by <a href="https://rent.com.au" target="_blank">rent.com.au</a>, and was also more affordable in terms of renting compared with surrounding suburbs. 
The median rent of surrounding suburbs Fernbank Creek, North Shore, Riverside, Thruster and Lake Innes was $395 per week for the quarter ended September, though there was no data available for the previous 90 days.
The lowest rental for the 30 days was $190 per week for a one-bedroom dwelling, while the maximum was $800 for a five-bedroom place.
The average days on market for all rental properties advertised in Port Macquarie in 90 days till February 8 was 29 days, five days less than the previous quarter. 
There were a total of 130 rental properties advertised in Port Macquarie within the above-mentioned 30 days, up 39 from the previous 30 days. Of the 130, there were 77 houses and 53 apartments.
There are a total of 4,949 rental properties in Port Macquarie, which is 30% of all properties there (ABS, Census Data, 2011). 
Houses make up an overwhelming majority (84.9%) of Port Macquarie, with only 15.1% apartments, according to ABS data. 
Property Observer found a couple of dwellings as examples around the median price range:
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/w640-h393-8875477_1_pi_160302_044341.jpeg" alt="">
A three-bedroom house at <a href="https://www.rent.com.au/property-house-port+macquarie-2444-1694744" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">96 Koala Street</a> (above) has a rent of $400 pw.
<img src="/images/2016/03/23/image9.jpg" alt="">
A three-bedroom unit at <a href="https://www.rent.com.au/property-unit-port+macquarie-2444-1686644" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">4/131 Bridge Street</a> (above) is available for $380 pw.
The ASX-listed Rent.com.au Ltd achieved a record 615,405 unique visitors to its website in January, followed by more than 610,000 unique visitors in February.
Landlords are able to list their property for free in a limited time offer on <a href="https://www.rent.com.au/" target="_blank">rent.com.au</a>. 
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