Property developer One Living, backed by former Macquarie banker turned investment manager Chris Green’s investment firm, has unveiled plans to bring more institutional capital into housing to help address the national supply crisis.

The New York-based investor has focused his firm, GreenPoint Partners, on addressing the supply shortage hitting middle market housing in Australia.

It is backing the new One Living business to develop more than 1000 units along the eastern seaboard. The new firm is starting with a development on Mona Vale Road, on the border of Mona Vale and Pymble, in Sydney’s Northern Beaches, with around 140 apartments planned. They are eyeing off more sites across the city.

With cost pressures rising in the industry, One Living’s model is to be a vertically integrated developer-builder, so it can respond directly to the housing gap by removing the cost inefficiencies embedded in traditional residential delivery.

“We are building a platform designed to operate at scale and starting in a market where there’s a clear need for quality, attainable housing,” One Living joint managing director Joseph Scuderi said.

“It’s that missing middle – it’s that attainable end of housing… that’s what most Australians invest into and what Australians can actually afford.”

<img alt="Mona Vale" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="798dfa93-4941-4db6-a696-31e9dc18e81c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%202.31.50%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=mKBqi5C_DmeiXS.AtJkcR8LQIxqCqmFi" />

GreenPoint Partners brings years of experience assembling and scaling real estate operating businesses across major markets. And Green sees a big opportunity in Australia.

“For its size, sophistication and importance to the community, Australia’s living sector has remained largely under-institutionalised, which represents significant opportunity,” Green said. “GreenPoint identified that gap, assembled the right team, and is backing One Living to build a platform that is aligned to market needs.”

Green said being a builder-developer would give the company the capacity and flexibility it required to deliver reasonably-priced homes.

“We want it to be at that attainable level; not super high end luxury but at that attainable level,” he said.

<img alt="Mona Vale" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="74a5344a-4b26-4d4a-ada3-056b1220be77" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%202.32.15%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=vY8hXHO4reBMdO8ZXMWCNtGZJofUPQ3j" />

&nbsp;

One Living will undertake a component of affordable housing in its schemes, which it will own and operate, and it could also run build-to-rent on some sites.

Green praised local policy settings.

“The NSW government is being very supportive, strategic and pragmatic in terms of how do we generate more supply of housing,” he said. “We think it’s actually positive for development and the bit that’s been lacking at that attainable level is that it’s lots of relatively small private developers, whereas we want to create an institutional platform.”

One Living is also&nbsp;looking at high-density projects and could take on more institutional funding in the future.

“The way we will be able to achieve economies of scale is through size,” Green added.

Joel Robinson

One Living enters Sydney's new apartment market with Northern Beaches site acquisition

It's been several years since there's been an opportunity to buy a brand new townhome in Melbourne's coastal suburb of Mordialloc. Even apartment developments in recent times have been few and far between in the area.

Local developer LDS Property identified the gap in new housing, securing a site on White Street, directly opposite&nbsp;Woodlands Golf Club Mordialloc. They've recently launched&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-townhouses/wm-residences-mordialloc-102-white-street-mordialloc-vic-3195">WM Residences</a>, just 13 townhouses which they have already started building.

Projects by Buxton Director Heath Thompson, who is selling WM Residences, says the townhouses x that perfect middle ground be

"Mordialloc residents have had limited options to downsize within the suburb, often forcing them to look elsewhere despite long-standing ties to the area," Thompson says.

"With very little comparable new supply coming to market, projects like WM Residences are well placed, particularly as buyers look to capitalise on current conditions amid constrained supply."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134646 project_image_fid=6109]

The development, designed by regarded architecture firm&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/ewert-leaf">Ewert Leaf</a>,&nbsp;adopts a deliberately restrained architectural approach, focusing on simplicity, durability and liveability rather than overt design gestures.

The boutique scale is central to the offering. With only 13 three-bedroom residences, each home is configured to prioritise functional layouts and everyday use, supported by private terraces and secure two-car garages.

Ewert Leaf’s design response leans into a calm, neutral material palette. Interiors are defined by oak flooring, white walls and soft finishes, creating a consistent and understated backdrop. The approach avoids trend-driven detailing in favour of longevity, with an emphasis on natural light and spatial clarity.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134646 project_image_fid=6110]

Beyond aesthetics, the homes are designed to meet contemporary performance expectations. Each residence targets a minimum 6-star energy rating, incorporating double glazing, comprehensive insulation and all-electric Bosch appliances.

The project’s location supports a walkable coastal lifestyle, sitting within close proximity to Mordialloc’s foreshore, Main Street retail strip and the train station. Local cafés and dining venues, including Suburbia Deli and Hendriks Café, are within a short walk, reinforcing the area’s established neighbourhood character.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134646 project_image_fid=6116]

While <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/mordialloc-vic-3195">Mordialloc</a> is often defined by its beach and pier, the project taps into other areas of day to day living, offering easy access to local food, casual dining and transport, rather than positioning itself purely as a lifestyle retreat.

WM Residences reflects a continued trend across Melbourne’s coastal suburbs towards smaller-scale, design-led townhouse developments, particularly on infill sites where proximity to amenity is already established.

With construction commenced prior to its market entry, the project aligns with a growing preference among buyers for developments with visible progress and defined delivery timeframes.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134646]

WM Residences fills gap in Mordialloc townhouse market

&nbsp;

Developer GURNER™ Group has revealed $1.65 billion in residential sales nationally across the 12 months to December 2025, driven largely by the continued momentum of its Docklands wellness-focused precinct, Elysium Fields.

The sales result was generated across seven projects in Victoria and New South Wales, headlined by Elysium Fields, GURNER™’s $2.75 billion mixed-use precinct planned for Harbour Esplanade in Docklands.

The project has recorded more than $500 million in sales across the first three towers, equating to around 580 apartments sold.

The first tower, Helios, has now sold out of its 240 private residences, with GURNER™ preparing to release a premium penthouse collection comprising 15 three-bedroom penthouses in coming weeks.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370975]

Elysium Fields is being developed on the long-held 20,000 sqm Docklands site at 208-226 Harbour Esplanade, which had remained undeveloped for more than two decades prior to GURNER™ taking over the project around four years ago.

Construction has now commenced across four towers ranging between 18 and 30 storeys, with Hamilton Marino and Maxcon appointed as builders.

Once complete, the precinct is expected to comprise around 1,100 residences, alongside retail, hospitality and public realm uses integrated throughout the site.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370981]

Designed by Fraser &amp; Partners in collaboration with GURNER™ Design House, the project has been positioned around the developer’s broader focus on wellness-led residential living.

“We don’t sell apartments. We create a true luxury lifestyle that simply doesn’t exist elsewhere in the market today,” Founder and Executive Chairman Tim Gurner said.

“To deliver that requires an extraordinary level of detail, coordination and discipline across multiple verticals, from design and hospitality through to wellness and service.”

“We’ve always believed that living extends far beyond the physical residence. It’s about how you feel the moment you arrive, how you live day-to-day, and the ecosystem that supports that.” 
[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370977]

The project’s design places a heavy focus on landscaping, wellness amenities and biophilic design principles.

Plans include around 3,700 sqm of landscaped gardens and open space throughout the precinct, alongside a retail and dining offering spanning approximately 5,000 sqm.

The broader public realm strategy centres around what GURNER™ describes as the “Path of Life”, an urban forest and landscaped pedestrian environment intended to connect the various buildings and wellness spaces across the precinct.

The apartments themselves will incorporate a range of wellness-focused inclusions, including purified air and water systems, circadian lighting, antimicrobial surfaces, and optional in-home wellness upgrades.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370980]

Gurner said the company’s experience through its Saint Haven wellness clubs had directly informed the residential offering now being incorporated into Elysium Fields.

“We’re seeing a clear global shift toward longevity, performance and proactive health,” Gurner said.

“Our role is to deliver that in a way that feels seamless, highly private and beautifully resolved within the environments we create.”

A large component of the wellness offering is planned through the resident amenity and health facilities proposed within the precinct.

That includes plans for bathing and recovery facilities spread throughout the towers, incorporating mineral pools, saunas, steam rooms, flotation therapy, red light therapy and wellness lounges.

The developer is also seeking approvals for what it describes as a “reverse ageing medical clinic” within the precinct.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370978]

According to project information released by the group, the proposed facility would include cryotherapy, IV infusion therapy, infrared and dry saunas, PEMF beds, MRIs, DEXA scans, brain scans and blood analysis services.

Within the first tower, Helios, residents will also have access to a dedicated amenity offering known as the Sky Private Club.

The upper 15 levels of the building will include private lounges, dining spaces, rooftop amenities and optional private wellness studios integrated within residences.

The Helios tower itself comprises 260 apartments ranging between 60 sqm and 300 sqm, including a collection of penthouses.

That includes a planned two-storey penthouse spanning around 600 sqm with uninterrupted bay views.

The Elysium Fields precinct is being delivered in partnership with Digital Harbour Holdings, a consortium that includes the Liberman family, which controls the development rights across the Docklands site.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144441 project_image_fid=370979]

The sales result comes as GURNER™ continues expanding its national development pipeline beyond Victoria.

“We have a strong pipeline across Australia and are now focused on scaling into key markets including New South Wales and Queensland, while continuing to build on our Melbourne base,” Gurner said.

“We currently have more than $3 billion in the market, growing to over $5 billion by October, and expect to materially outperform last year in the 2026 calendar year.”

The result also reflects the continued strength of the upper-end apartment market in Melbourne, particularly for owner-occupier-focused product with large-scale amenity and lifestyle offerings.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=144441]

Record result anchored by the Group’s “utopian” Elysium Fields precinct – defying market headwinds in Docklands.

Elysium Fields drive Gurner to $1.65 billion in apartment sales over 2025

National Australia Bank (NAB) will fund <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/palmera-residences-gold-coast-18-garfield-terrace-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Palmera</a>, a $1 billion, 52-level luxury residential tower being developed by Central Equity in one of the Gold Coast’s most tightly held coastal locations at Northcliffe.

The project, launched recently by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/central-equity">Central Equity</a>, one of Victoria’s largest private residential developers, comes at a time when construction funding for large residential developments has become increasingly competitive as lenders tighten exposure to the sector.

Multiplex has been appointed the builder, and construction is now underway.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365784]

Since its first project, Central Equity has delivered more than 85 residential developments with a combined end value exceeding $8 billion.

Palmera reflects Central Equity’s growing focus on the Gold Coast luxury apartment market and continues a relationship between Central Equity and NAB that dates back to the late 1980s, when the bank funded one of Melbourne’s earliest inner-city residential towers at a time when high-rise apartment living in the CBD was largely unproven.

“NAB’s funding of Central Equity’s $36 million CBD development in the late 1980’s to the financing of the billion-dollar tower today highlights the long-term relationship between the two organisations in delivering major residential projects” said Central Equity Founder and Chairman Eddie Kutner.

He said NAB’s early support was instrumental in helping establish the company’s development model.

“When we commenced our first residential tower in the late 1980s the concept of funding off-the-plan apartments was still largely untested in Australia,” Kutner said.

“NAB recognised the opportunity early and supported the project when others were uncertain. That relationship has now continued for more than 37 years across many developments.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365771]

Central Equity was established in 1987 when Melbourne’s CBD and Southbank precinct were still dominated by warehouses and commercial buildings. Fewer than 100 residents lived in Southbank at the time, and large-scale residential development in the inner city was not widely considered.

Recognising changing demographics and lifestyle preferences, the company began developing high-rise residential projects designed to bring permanent residents into the city centre.

Central Equity has provided accommodation for approximately 40,000 residents across Melbourne’s CBD and Southbank, while also incorporating supporting infrastructure including essential lifestyle facilities like retail spaces, childcare facilities and neighbourhood activity centres.

Central Equity has spent many years assembling the Palmera development site on the corner of Garfield Terrace and Frederick Street in Northcliffe, creating a supersite of around 3,300 sqm.

The developer said the Palmera apartment tower reflects its long-term view of the Gold Coast as a growing and increasingly diversified economy.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365768]

Supported by infrastructure including the light rail network, major road upgrades expanded education, hospital and medical facilities and continued expansion at the Gold Coast Airport with more international and domestic flights.

Positioned in the tightly held Northcliffe precinct, the 52-level tower will deliver 347 apartments, targeting buyers seeking a high-end coastal lifestyle, from downsizers to interstate investors.

Designed by Marchese Partners with interiors by DBI, Palmera has been conceived as a next-generation residential offering, featuring a collection of oversized apartments, with premium three-bedroom residences offering sweeping northern views stretching from Surfers Paradise through to Burleigh Heads.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=108274]

NAB funds $1 billion Surfers Paradise apartment development, Palmera

Two years after completing one of the newest developments in North Sydney, developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aqualand-australia">Aqualand</a> is turning its attention to the rapidly evolving St Leonards apartment market.

The developer, which completed AURA by Aqualand on North Sydney's Walker Street, has lodged plans for a 5,918 sqm site at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/33-37-herbert-street-st-leonards-nsw-2065">33-37 Herbert Street, St Leonards,</a> seeking approval for a pair of residential towers rising above a shared podium opposite Royal North Shore Hospital.

The proposal forms part of the broader transformation underway across the St Leonards-Crows Nest precinct, where former industrial and commercial sites are increasingly being redeveloped into high-density mixed-use projects tied to major transport infrastructure.

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2cc428cf-fe70-4cac-9cd5-264ad53af62c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.56%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=otKSnHtbjAvAddOnovyXQMgcAwE6DMe1" />

According to the planning documents, the site sits “within the St Leonards–Crows Nest Strategic Centre, identified by the NSW Government as a key area for accommodating future jobs and housing across Sydney.”

The proposal has been designed by fjcstudio, formerly FJMT Studio, and is being progressed through the State Significant Development pathway due to its scale and affordable housing provision.

The scheme would comprise 413 apartments, including 46 affordable housing units, alongside retail and commercial uses fronting Herbert Street. The project would also include communal open space, landscaping, a swimming pool, gymnasium, children’s play areas and podium-level resident amenities.

Planning documents show the development would consist of a part-13, part-39 storey tower form positioned above a four-storey podium.

“The development comprises a unified podium that activates the street interface, and two setback towers to accommodate new housing supply while maintaining an appropriate human scale at ground level,” fjcstudio noted in its Design Report.

The northern and southern towers have been shaped to respond to the surrounding skyline while also limiting overshadowing impacts to nearby public open space, particularly Talus Reserve.

The design report said the differing tower heights were intended to “contribute to a varied skyline while responding to the surrounding built form context and solar access considerations.”

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="36da62dc-ff9e-41f2-a7e3-7be38373751c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.45%E2%80%AFAM_0.png?VersionId=Mo6Rp2r.XRLTzIfg_PEEpw8NepDH8UBs" />

The site sits directly opposite Royal North Shore Hospital and within walking distance of both St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

While the site itself sits just outside the formal Crows Nest Transport Oriented Development boundary, the planning documents repeatedly reference its alignment with the broader TOD objectives reshaping the Lower North Shore.

“The site is located adjacent to St Leonards Station and in close proximity to Crows Nest Metro which is within the Crows Nest Transit Orientated Development Accelerated Precinct which has been identified by the NSW Government to support housing delivery,” the Design Verification Statement noted.

According to fjcstudio, the project has been designed to respond to the broader transition occurring across St Leonards, where increasing residential density is being concentrated around transport infrastructure and employment hubs.

“The broader precinct is undergoing significant change, with a mix of existing mid-rise buildings and newer high-density developments,” the report stated.

“Recent and approved projects indicate a consistent shift toward taller built form, typically organised as tower-and-podium typologies with more active ground levels.”

The proposal includes close to 6,000 sqm of retail and commercial space across the ground floor and podium levels, designed to create a more activated street edge along Herbert Street.

Aqualand’s plans would also introduce a landscaped podium shared between the two towers, with communal open space in the form of a podium rooftop designed to support resident interaction and improve urban greening outcomes. The scheme would also introduce pocket parks at the northern and southern ends of the site, including a landscaped area at the corner of Herbert and Ella streets designed to improve pedestrian amenity and soften the streetscape.

&nbsp;

The proposal is being progressed through the NSW Government’s Housing Delivery Authority pathway, which was introduced to accelerate housing supply across the state. The application was declared State Significant Development in April 2025 following an expression of interest process.

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="faf6d97d-2671-454f-b85a-fe1c6a7be608" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.49%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=diVd28OBVr5.YV.7prrOz.uAanwwwm7a" />

St Leonards has been particularly active with new developments in recent weeks. Developer SP Setia’s <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-sp-setia-targets-st-leonards-skyline-with-40-storey-tod-tower">plans for a new 42-storey tower</a> recently went on exhibition through the same pathway, while <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">Stockland’s 52-storey tower proposal</a> was also recently unveiled.

Aside from the St Leonards project, which is expected to take around nine months to move through the approvals process ahead of a potential 2027 launch, Aqualand is also preparing to launch Boronia, a new apartment project in Roseville comprising around 111 apartments on Larkin Street.

The developer also has approvals in place for the next stage of the Barangaroo precinct, which will feature new residential, retail, hospitality and community uses, alongside a new metro entry across the five-hectare site.

More than 50 new retail destinations are planned for Central Barangaroo, alongside a 270-metre-long boulevard connecting Hickson Park to Nawi Cove. Together with Harbour Park, more than 50 per cent of the precinct will comprise public open space and parkland.

First look: Aqualand joins St Leonards apartment party

Interest Rates

<html><body>
EXPERT OBSERVER
The coronavirus has pushed economies and interest rates into downward spirals.
New Zealand’s Reserve Bank pushed its cash rate from 1.00% to 0.25% on Monday, and the US Federal Reserve cut its benchmark rate to zero on Sunday, making Australia’s cut of 0.25 points from 0.75% to 0.50% earlier this month seem tame by comparison.
Australia’s Reserve Bank is highly likely to cut again on Thursday as part of a promised series of “<a href="https://theconversation.com/reserve-bank-and-government-prepare-fresh-emergency-measures-as-markets-tumble-133780" target="_blank">policy measures</a>”, but it has already said that 0.25% will be the <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2019/sp-gov-2019-11-26" target="_blank">effective lower bound</a> for the cash rate (meaning the point at which there’s no benefit to further cuts) leaving it staring into the abyss of so-called unconventional monetary policy.
It will outline what it will do after 0.25% is reached on <a href="https://theconversation.com/reserve-bank-and-government-prepare-fresh-emergency-measures-as-markets-tumble-133780" target="_blank">Thursday</a>, but in the meantime a series of clues suggest its thoughts are changing.
In <a href="https://theconversation.com/now-we-know-the-reserve-bank-has-spelled-out-what-it-will-do-when-rates-approach-zero-127697" target="_blank">November</a> Governor Philip Lowe indicated that after the bank’s short term cash rate had reached the effective lower bound, the bank would buy longer-term government bonds. That would force money into the hands of the investors who owned them in a process known as “<a href="https://theconversation.com/now-we-know-the-reserve-bank-has-spelled-out-what-it-will-do-when-rates-approach-zero-127697" target="_blank">quantitative easing</a>”.
But more recently it is talking about borrowing an idea from the Bank of Japan’s book called “<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-21/quicktake-q-a-what-s-a-yield-curve-and-why-s-boj-targeting-it" target="_blank">yield curve control</a>”.
What is yield curve control? And how does it differ from quantitative easing?
<h2>It isn’t simply buying bonds</h2>
Yield curve control would involve the bank announcing targets for long-term yields on government debt instruments such as the 5 or 10-year bond, and then intervening in debt markets to buy until the target rates are achieved.
This would control the yield on government bonds, hence the name “<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-21/quicktake-q-a-what-s-a-yield-curve-and-why-s-boj-targeting-it" target="_blank">yield curve control</a>”.
Both quantitative easing and yield curve control involve the same basic tactic (pushing out or creating money in order to buy bonds) but to different ends: yield curve control focuses on achieving a targeted level for interest rates, while quantitative easing is aimed at increasing the stock of money in the economy.
Why might the bank prefer yield curve control over the traditional approach to quantitative easing that has been used in much of the world during and since the global financial crisis?
<h2>It’s more like what we are used to</h2>
First, yield curve control’s approach of targeting specific interest rate is more similar to conventional monetary policy.
The bank has plenty of experience in setting and publishing the cash rate and measuring the impact on the economy. There is less risk of it either over or under shooting its target.
Previous work by the bank has calculated that adjusting the 10-year nominal interest rate is 40 times as effective at lowering firms’ cost of capital as a similarly sized cut in the cash rate.
This leaves the bank with plenty of ammunition after short-term rates hit the effective lower bound and can no longer be adjusted.
<h2>And it lets others do the work</h2>
The second reason to prefer yield curve control is that if the bank’s stated target for long-term interest rates is seen as credible, it will need to buy less than it would have to achieve lower interest rates.
So credible have its short-term cash rate announcements become that it now needs to do little more than make them and watch the market trade at changed rates, although it stands ready to trade itself in order to change the rates if needed.
It’s instructive to compare recent cash rate announcements with the early ones in the 1990s.
These days the bank simply says it has “decided to lower the cash rate”.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/320963/original/file-20200317-60932-1t5xr77.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/320963/original/file-20200317-60932-1t5xr77.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
It used to say it “will be operating in the domestic money market” to reduce the cash rate.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/320961/original/file-20200317-60906-6nqvbm.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/320961/original/file-20200317-60906-6nqvbm.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Government bonds are the lifeblood of the financial system and right now Australia has relatively low levels of government debt.
An approach which requires fewer bonds to held by the Reserve Bank and more held privately will keep down government debt and help steady financial markets.
<h2>It’s good, but it mightn’t be enough</h2>
As it happens, yield curve control might not be sufficient on its own.
The interest rate on 10-year bonds are already low - at about 1% - and so even there there isn’t much room to cut.
While negative interest rates are possible and exist in several other countries (yes, investors really are prepared to invest their money with the government for a negative return) the bank is unlikely to want to is unlikely to want to introduce them here.
Ultimately, if it needs to do more than get bond rates to near zero per cent, it’ll need to come up with something new, but yield curve control will buy it time.
We’ll know more on <a href="https://theconversation.com/reserve-bank-and-government-prepare-fresh-emergency-measures-as-markets-tumble-133780" target="_blank">Thursday</a>.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/133223/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/isaac-gross-737430" target="_blank">Isaac Gross</a>, Lecturer, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/monash-university-1065" target="_blank">Monash University</a>
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/yield-curve-control-the-reserve-banks-plan-for-when-cash-rate-cuts-no-longer-work-133223" target="_blank">original article</a>.
Main image: Shutterstock
</body></html>

jrobinson-rf4aSBido9

'Yield curve control': the Reserve Bank's plan for when cash rate cuts no longer work

<html><body>
EXPERT OBSERVER
Today, the Reserve Bank released a Statement which was aimed at addressing liquidity issues in the Australian financial market.
The liquidity policies were aimed at both the government bond market and the bank funding markets.
Earlier in the day, we saw aggressive policy changes from both the US FOMC and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
The RBA Governor’s Statement noted that the Reserve Bank “stands ready to purchase Australian government bonds in the secondary market”.
The Statement indicated that the action was aimed at supporting the smooth functioning of the bond market.
At a recent Conference, on March 11, RBA Deputy Governor Debelle noted that “at the moment we don’t see material disruptions in financial markets. If that were to change we obviously have the capacity to act in the market like we did back in 2008 in terms of ensuring sufficient liquidity to the market. We don’t see the need for that now, but obviously if circumstances change, that might also need to change”.
Clearly from the RBA’s perspective the circumstances have changed. So this action in the bond market is targeted at boosting liquidity in a market that is seen as a “key pricing benchmark for the Australian financial system”.
Other liquidity based policies which were announced include one month; three month; and six month or longer repo operations to support liquidity in bank funding markets.
This action in the bond market is not the Quantitative Easing policy which we have been anticipating will be adopted when the overnight cash rate reaches 0.25% (defined by Governor Lowe as the zero lower bound at a speech on November 26).
In explaining its proposed approach to Quantitative Easing Deputy Governor Debelle pointed out at the same Conference, “So we would talk about the likely future path of interest rates – what is generally known as forward guidance – and to validate that we would be operating in the bond market as necessary to keep government bond rates, or the risk free curve, consistent with our outlook for interest rates".
It is interesting that the Bank’s first foray into the bond market is based on liquidity but we do not expect that the Quantitative Easing approach has been shelved.
The Governor's statement today also indicated that: "further policy measures to support the Australian economy" will be announced on Thursday March 19.
Those policy measures are expected to include a lowering of the overnight cash rate from 0.50% to 0.25%.
Quantitative Easing, along the lines described by the Deputy Governor, is also expected to be announced. This would involve the RBA targeting a particular outlook for the risk free curve.
The Governor’s Statement also noted that the RBA and the AOFM are in close liaison. Recall that during the Global Financial Crisis the AOFM purchased a range of mortgage backed securities. A repeat of that successful exercise is also likely to be announced.
Last year Westpac raised the issue of the RBA adopting a similar policy to the Bank of England to support small businesses and households while supporting banks’ funding at a time of excessively low interest rates.
Under the arrangement the RBA would lend long term funds to the commercial banks at a rate close to the overnight cash rate with the funds being tied to loans to business and households.
We understand that in this current crisis a key priority is about ensuring that good companies stay afloat until the crisis has passed and in turn that companies are able to retain their employees.
The Government’s Fiscal Stimulus Package addressed these issues but we think that the monetary authorities, in conjunction with our unquestionably strong banking system, can also play a role.
BILL EVANS is the <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/Article/42581/14186/" target="_blank">chief economist for Westpac</a>.
This article was first published on <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/Article/42581/14186/" target="_blank">Westpac IQ</a>.
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RBA to cut cash rate to record low 0.25% and announce QE: Westpac's Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
This week the Reserve Bank of Australia did something everyone expected and the US Federal Reserve did something almost nobody expected. Both are revealing.
At its monthly meeting Australia’s central bank cut official interest rates by 25 basis points to a record low of 0.5%.
The Fed cut rates by 50 basis points – not at a regular meeting but “off cycle” – in response to the COVID-19 crisis, which looks likely to become a global pandemic.
The Reserve Bank of Australia’s announcement of its <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2020/-20-06" target="_blank">decision</a> made it seem COVID-19 was the main, if not only, reason it was cutting rates.
In reality, the bank was always going to cut rates sooner rather than later. Australia’s economic growth remains sluggish on a per capita basis, wage growth is still hovering about 2%, unemployment is 5.3% and inflation has been below the 2-3% target band for Philip Lowe’s entire time as governor (since September 2016).
The US economy, by contrast, is doing better on all these measures. Unemployment is at its lowest rate in several decades. Wage growth is <a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/wage-growth">above</a> 3.6% on an annual basis.
That makes the US rate cut far more revealing about the Fed’s view on the economic effects of COVID-19.
The Fed’s Open Market Committee is worried. US stock markets responded to the announcement by <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/business/stock-markets-today">dropping about 3%</a>, before recovering the next day.
One tool in the box
There is a narrative in Australian business circles, among certain commentators – and voiced by former treasurer Peter Costello – that the Reserve Bank’s interest rate cuts no longer do anything to spur investment and growth because rates are already so low.
Moreover, the argument goes, by cutting rates the central bank sends a negative message about the state of the Australian economy.
The hard truth is the economy is in bad shape.
Interest-rate cuts alone won’t solve the problem. But it is the tool the Reserve Bank has at its disposal. There is also good reason, as I <a href="https://theconversation.com/vital-signs-does-monetary-policy-work-any-more-126579">wrote late last year</a>, to believe the normal transmission mechanisms of monetary policy are still working.
As almost every mainstream economist has said, prior to the COVID-19 outbreak the Australian economy needed significant fiscal stimulus rather than the balanced-budget fetishism of the current Coalition government (and, to be fair, also the current Labor opposition).
We are now going to see some targeted stimulus because of COVID-19, but that won’t address the Australian economy’s pre-existing problems.
Sending a message
Curiously enough, the critique of the Reserve Bank of Australia just mentioned applies quite well to the US Federal Reserve’s decision to cut rates dramatically – and do so off-cycle.
The Fed cut its rate range from 1.5%-1.75% to 1.0%-1.25%. Doing so used up a lot of its remaining monetary policy ammunition.
And the virus crisis is not just a demand-side problem where consumers aren’t spending. It’s also a supply-side problem where businesses are unable to produce what consumers might be willing to buy. No rate cut can repair global supply chains disrupted by mass factory closures in China.
What the Fed definitely did do is send a message that the virus crisis is going to be a really big deal. That helps create its own vicious cycle of beliefs on the demand side as consumers respond to the rate cut by increasing precautionary savings and cutting back on spending.
So the Fed used some of its limited ammunition in a way unlikely to be very effective, and has freaked out markets and consumers. Oops.
A time to borrow and spend
Coming back to Australia, it will be important to unpack both the Reserve Bank’s monetary response and the federal government’s fiscal response. How much is a response to COVID-19 and how much to the underlying weakness of the Australian economy?
The real fear is that too little will be done, especially with fiscal policy, to address that underlying economic weakness.
There is some hope, now the prospect of a budget surplus has essentially evaporated, the Coalition government will be free to do what it should have been doing all along – making long-term investments in the Australian economy.
Let’s not forget the government can borrow for 10 years at 1% in nominal terms – a negative interest rate when adjusted for inflation. Debt markets will essentially pay us to borrow from them. That is a rare opportunity to make smart investments that will pay huge dividends in years to come.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/132970/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-holden-118107">Richard Holden</a>, Professor of Economics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-1414">UNSW</a>
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/vital-signs-australian-and-us-rate-cuts-underline-seriousness-of-the-coronavirus-crisis-132970">original article</a>.
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Australian and US rate cuts underline seriousness of the coronavirus crisis: Richard Holden

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Australia’s fifth largest bank, ING, has cut fixed rates to as low as 2.49 per cent on its 3-year fixed rate.
This is currently the lowest fixed rate on the RateCity.com.au data base.
ING has shaved all of its 1- to 5-year owner-occupier rates by up to 0.35 per cent and investor rates by up to 0.40 per cent.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2020/3/5/Ratecity%20ING%201.JPG" alt="">
Since the RBA announced the 0.25 per cent cash rate cut on Tuesday, a total of four lenders have lowered their fixed rates.
BankVic is hot on the heels of ING, today cutting its fixed rates to now offer 2- and 3-year year loans as low as 2.50 per cent.
RateCity.com.au research director Sally Tindall said other lenders were likely to chase after ING in a bid to hold market share.
“The fixed rate war continues with the nation’s fifth largest lender now playing hard-ball in the fixed rate space,” she said.
“With ANZ, and now ING, offering market-leading rates, we expect other banks will start sharpening their prices in a bid to remain competitive.
“Fixed rates are a great tool to get new business in the door, particularly in this environment of record low rates. But with one more cash rate cut still likely, we probably haven’t seen the bottom of fixed or variable rates just yet,” she said.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2020/3/5/Ratecity%20ING%202.JPG" alt="">
Almost 50 lenders have announced variable rate cuts, following Tuesday’s RBA decision.
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ING has slashed fixed rates to a new market low

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As the effects of the coronavirus continue to threaten the economy, the US Federal reserve has lowered interest rates to limit further impact. 
The Federal Reserve has lowered its key Fed Funds rate by 0.5 percent, the first unscheduled emergency rate cut since 2008, taking it to a range of 1-1.25 per cent. 
An openness to further easing has been signalled as G7 finance ministers and central bankers commit to use all appropriate policy tools to support growth in the face of the COVID-19 threat. 
The Fed is likely to cut rates by at least another 0.5 percent in the months ahead. And we continue to see the the likelihood of an RBA cut again next month <a href="/expert-insights/finance/rba-cut-interest-rates-at-march-meeting-to-record-low-0-5-per-cent">following the March cut</a>.
RBA Governor Philip Lowe cited the coronavirus nine times <a href="/expert-insights/finance/rate-cut-given-coronavirus-rba-governor-philip-lowes-march-2020-meeting-statement">in his brief meeting announcement</a>.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2020/3/4/Global%20interest%20rates.jpg" alt=""> 
AMP Capital chief economist Shane Oliver says monetary and fiscal policy easing is necessary to help minimise some of the worst economic fall out from the coronavirus outbreak (including liquidity and insolvency problems) and speed the eventual recovery.
"However, we still need to see signs that the coronavirus outbreak is coming under control – with eg a peaking in the daily number of new cases beyond China or say antivirals being successfully deployed.
"At present the daily number of new cases are still trending up in numerous countries outside China so it’s premature to say with much confidence that we have seen the low point in share markets.
NAB now expect the Fed to cut rates by 25 basis points at its March and April meetings.
"We are tentatively pencilling in 25bps at each of these meetings, which would take the fed funds target range to 0.5 to 0.75%," NAB advised.
"For now, we are assuming that the Fed will keep the fed funds rate at this level through our projection period (to 2021) but the risks around this are skewed towards it being more aggressive in the near term (but with a risk of partial reversal of the rate cuts further out assuming growth recovers in the second half of this year)."
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US Fed cuts funds rate by 0.5 per cent to help combat coronavirus economic threat

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ANZ have completed a clean sweep of the big four banks who have now all passed on the official RBA rate cut.
ANZ group executive Australia retail &amp; commercial Mark Hand said the decision by the Reserve Bank to reduce the cash rate to historically low levels highlights the significant impact the outbreak of COVID-19 is already having on the global economy.
“While there were a range of factors considered in making this decision, ANZ is prepared to play its role in supporting both our customers and the broader economy through this period of uncertainty", Hand said.
“Customers wanting to increase the money in their pocket each month can contact us to decrease their monthly minimum payments. We also have competitive fixed-rates available for those looking to lock in these historically low rates."
Westpac went first, <a href="/expert-insights/finance/westpac-first-of-the-big-four-to-cut-rates-in-full-after-rba-cut">cutting within minutes</a> of the announcement, having been the last in to action in October.
CBA followed Westpac's cut about half an hour later, then NAB, and now ANZ.
CBA are the most likely to face scrutiny, not passing on the rates until March 24.
Westpac will pass the week earlier on March 17, while ANZ and NAB will be passing on the rate cut on March 13.
St George, Bank of Melbourne and Rams have also announced their intention to pass on the full cuts to customers.
Athena, Homestar, Reduce Home Loans, and Loans.com remain the only home lenders to pass on the cuts immediately.
 
 
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ANZ the last of the big four banks to pass on the full rate cut

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NAB has become the third of the 'big-four' banks to declare that they will pass on the interest rate cuts announced today by the RBA. 
Westpac were the <a href="/expert-insights/finance/westpac-first-of-the-big-four-to-cut-rates-in-full-after-rba-cut">first of the big four to pass after the RBA announcement</a>. 
For the fourth cut in a row, Athena Home Loans <a href="/expert-insights/finance/athena-first-to-cut-interest-rates-after-march-rba-cut">cut first, in full</a>. They've now passed on every RBA rate cut.
St George, Bank of Melbourne, and Rams have also announced their intention to pass on the cuts to customers, bringing to total number of financial institutions doing so to 12. 
Athena, Homestar, Reduce Home Loans, and Loans.com remain the only groups to have made the decision 'effective immediately,' with other lenders scheduling their cuts for between the 4th and the 24th of March.
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NAB third of the big-four banks to announce interest rate cuts

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Commonwealth Bank have followed Westpac by passing on the full RBA cut in full to their customers.
They've passed on the full 25 basis points, effective March 24.
Westpac were the <a href="/expert-insights/finance/westpac-first-of-the-big-four-to-cut-rates-in-full-after-rba-cut">first of the big four to pass after the RBA announcement</a>. 
For the fourth cut in a row, Athena Home Loans <a href="/expert-insights/finance/athena-first-to-cut-interest-rates-after-march-rba-cut">cut first, in full</a>. They've now passed on every RBA rate cut.
“In responding to this latest official interest rate cut we have examined the important role we play in supporting the Australian economy and the unique set of circumstances facing the country", Commonwealth Bank's group executive for retail banking services Angus Sullivan said.
“We also recognise the importance of managing the business sustainably for the long term and balancing the needs of borrowers and depositors.
"We will continue to review our pricing and make further adjustments as required.
“Today’s announcement means our SVR for Owner Occupied customers, with Principal and Interest repayments, will be one of the lowest on record.”
New Standard Variable Rates
<ul>
<li>Owner Occupied Principal and Interest Standard Variable Rate home loans reduced by 0.25% per annum (p.a.) to 4.55% p.a.</li>
<li>Investor Principal and Interest Standard Variable Rate home loans reduced by 0.25% p.a. to 5.13% p.a.</li>
<li>Owner Occupied Interest Only Standard Variable Rate home loans reduced by 0.25% p.a. to 5.04% p.a.</li>
<li>Investor Interest Only Standard Variable Rate home loans reduced by 0.25% p.a. to 5.39% p.a.</li>
</ul>
 
 
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Commonwealth Bank second of big four to cut rates in full after RBA cut

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Westpac are the first of the big four banks to cut following the RBA cutting the official cash rate to 0.5 per cent.
They acted within four minutes of the RBA announcement, passing on the full 25 basis point cut to their variable home loans.
The changes will take effect on 17 March.
Westpac <a href="/expert-insights/finance/westpac-the-final-big-four-bank-to-fail-to-pass-on-full-rate-cut">were last to cut in October</a>, the last time the RBA cut rates, when they cut 15 basis points.
Sally Tindall, research director at <a href="http://ratecity.com.au/">RateCity.com.au</a>, said Westpac should be commended for passing on a full cut to their variable rate customers.
"Hopefully this will prompt the other big four banks to follow suit", Tindall said, adding the average Westpac home loan customer would save around $55 a month or $662 a year. 
<div>
<div>“Some banks may choose not to pass on the full cut, due to pressure on their profit margins. Variable rate customers should call their bank and find out what they intend to do.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>“If borrowers aren’t happy with the cut their bank is passing on, they can choose to take their business walking.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>“Switching lenders in this competitive environment is likely to secure a far bigger cut than the 0.25 per cent on offer from the RBA.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>“A number of smaller lenders have already committed to cutting their rates by the full 0.25 per cent, sending variable rates to a new low of 2.44 per cent,” she said.</div>
</div>
 
 
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Westpac first of the big four to cut rates in full after RBA cut

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Athena Home Loans have again been the first to cut rates following the RBA's official rate cut at the March meeting.
The online lender has passed on the full 25 basis point cut.
“For the fourth time in a row, Athena has immediately passed on the full RBA rate cut to all customers", Athena chief executive Nathan Walsh said.
"None of the 12 largest home loan lenders have done this.
"This is money that should be in the pockets of Aussie families."
Since the RBA began cutting rates back in June 2019, Athena have passed on each of the 25 basis point cuts in full. Their owner occupier rate for principal and interest mortgage holders is now at 2.59 per cent.
The 12 largest home lenders took an average of two weeks pass on the cuts to customers over the last three RBA rate cuts in full.
This delay has cost borrowers over $350M, and costs over $2 billion in annual excess interest costs.
In a recent survey, only 18% of respondents were confident their lender had passed on the recent rate cuts in full.
Some 64% of respondents who did not receive the full cuts are now considering a switch to a lender that passed on the rate cuts in full.
Walsh said customers should be putting their bank to the test
"If they don't drop your rate in full, then drop your bank", Walsh said.
"The savings opportunity is too important to be short-changed."
 
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