For most new apartment buildings, the Owners Corporation starts life with little more than a bank account and the first quarterly strata levies.

At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/9-gay-street-castle-hill-9-gay-street-castle-hill-nsw-2154">9 Gay Street</a> in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/castle-hill-nsw-2154">Castle Hill</a>, it starts with around $7 million in reserve.

It's an unusual legacy of what was once one of Sydney's highest-profile apartment remediation projects. When the development, originally known as Skyview and built by disgraced developer Top Place, came under scrutiny by then NSW Building Commissioner David Chandler, an $11 million remediation bond was negotiated to ensure any building defects could be fully rectified.

The building underwent an 18-month remediation program, during which around $4 million of that bond was spent bringing the building up to the standard it should have been in from the outset.

After extensive inspections, all active rectification orders have been lifted. What's more, around $7.2 million remains secured for the Owners Corporation for the next 15 years.

In a twist few would have predicted, what began as a significant concern for purchasers has left the building with something almost unheard of in the apartment market: a multi-million-dollar financial reserve from day one.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=147685 project_image_fid=359136]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/equitifund-group">Equitifund</a> Executive Chairman Greg Huxley said the structure offers buyers a level of certainty that is difficult to replicate.

"The $11 million bond established for the Skyview Castle Hill development represents exceptional value, providing genuine financial security for purchasers," Huxley said.

"Unlike a standard insurance policy, this bond consists of real funds held in trust for the Owners Corporation, offering a tangible layer of protection and added peace of mind."

The apartments themselves have been designed with a focus on practical, contemporary living. Interiors feature Smeg appliances, stone benchtops, tiled living areas, carpeted bedrooms, 2.7-metre ceilings, floor-to-ceiling glazing, and ducted heating and cooling throughout.

Residents also have access to a range of shared amenities, including two rooftop barbecue areas, a swimming pool, children's playgrounds, secure building access, storage cages, and visitor parking.

The location continues to be one of the project's strongest drawcards. Castle Hill Metro Station sits virtually on the doorstep, providing direct connections across Sydney's expanding Metro network, while Castle Towers offers extensive retail, dining, entertainment, and service amenities within walking distance.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=147685 project_image_fid=359127]

The building, now named after its location at 9 Gay Street, comprises a diverse mix of one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments starting from just under $600,000.

Equitifund National Sales Director Ben Hamblett said demand in the Hills District continues to be driven by buyers seeking convenience and connectivity.

"Interest from both owner-occupiers and investors in Castle Hill remains exceptionally strong, with buyers consistently prioritising developments in close proximity to the Metro station and Castle Towers Shopping Centre," Hamblett said.

"There is a clear trend in the market, with purchasers seeking convenient access to transport and lifestyle amenities that support a seamless, low-maintenance way of living."

On top of the long-term protection afforded by the remaining $7.2 million bond, Equitifund is offering a limited-time stamp duty rebate on selected apartments.

Eligible purchasers can also secure finance options, including a 3.99 per cent two-year variable rate, loan-to-value ratios of up to 90 per cent, and interest-only lending options through EquitiCredit.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=147685]

Joel Robinson

Why this Castle Hill apartment building starts with a $7 million advantage

For much of the past few years, conversations about Australia's property market have centred on the rapid growth seen in Sydney, Brisbane, Gold Coast, and Perth. <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/melbourne-vic-3004">Melbourne</a> has followed a different trajectory.

That relative underperformance is now encouraging some buyers to reassess the city, particularly those willing to look beyond short-term market movements and focus on quality property in established locations, along with the long-term growth prospects of a city expected to overtake Sydney as Australia’s most populous.

John Bekiaris, Research &amp; Market Insights at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/equitifund-group">Projects by Equitifund</a>, said Melbourne's current position is attracting increasingly sophisticated purchasers.

"Melbourne continues to present one of Australia's strongest long-term investment stories," Bekiaris says.

"While other capital cities have experienced stronger recent growth, that relative underperformance is exactly what's attracting sophisticated counter-cyclical investors."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=1979 project_image_fid=363268]

Equitifund isn't just commenting on Melbourne's property market, it's investing in it.

The Sydney-headquartered capital partner has taken over the remaining apartments at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/victoriana-melbourne-20-queens-road-melbourne-vic-3004">Victoriana</a>, the recently completed glass-encased development opposite Albert Park Lake in Melbourne's tightly held St Kilda Road precinct.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a> and built by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/hickory">Hickory</a>, Victoriana places residents between one of Melbourne's most recognised parklands and the CBD, offering oversized two and three-bedroom apartments aimed at owner-occupiers seeking a genuine alternative to a traditional family home.

The development comprises 232 completed residences alongside a suite of resident amenities, including a 25-metre indoor swimming pool, gymnasium, landscaped entertaining areas, resident lounges, EV charging, secure basement parking and a concierge-style arrival experience.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=1979 project_image_fid=363229]

The apartments have been designed with owner-occupiers firmly in mind.&nbsp;Open-plan living and dining areas flow onto generous balconies framing views across Albert Park Lake, Fawkner Park, the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Melbourne skyline.

Kitchens feature Gaggenau appliances, stone benchtops and generous preparation space. Bedrooms include built-in robes, while bathrooms feature full-height textured tiling. Hardwood flooring and ducted air conditioning complete residences designed for long-term living.

Rothelowman's architecture takes its cues from the landscape opposite the site. Sweeping horizontal glazing references the movement of Albert Park Lake, while generous balconies and expansive glazing strengthen the connection between the apartments and the surrounding parklands. The result is a building designed to deliver the scale and amenity expected of luxury apartment living, while offering the larger floorplans increasingly sought by owner-occupiers.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=1979 project_image_fid=363284]

The location is one of Victoriana's defining characteristics. Positioned on Queens Road, residents are directly opposite Albert Park Lake and within easy reach of Fawkner Park, the Royal Botanic Gardens, South Melbourne, St Kilda Road and the CBD. With few comparable development opportunities remaining in the precinct, buyers are increasingly placing value on outlooks that are unlikely to be interrupted by future construction.

Greg Huxley, Founder of Equitifund, believes those qualities become even more valuable over time.

"Premium real estate has always rewarded buyers who take a long-term view," Huxley said.

"Victoriana represents the kind of asset that's increasingly difficult to recreate today, particularly in an established location like Queens Road."

He said rising construction costs are also changing the way buyers assess completed developments.

"When you combine an irreplaceable location with thoughtful architecture and premium finishes, you create something that becomes increasingly difficult to reproduce as construction costs continue to rise."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=1979 project_image_fid=363228]

According to National Sales Director Ben Hamblett, enquiry has been driven largely by Melbourne downsizers and buyers upgrading from smaller apartments.

"Interest in Victoriana continues to build, with strong buyer focus on the larger owner-occupier residences within the development," Hamblett says.

"Enquiry is increasingly driven by local buyers who recognise the rarity of what's on offer: park-facing apartments in an established neighbourhood where new development opportunities are becoming increasingly scarce. At Victoriana, the view is not just a feature; it's an appreciating asset in its own right."

He said interstate enquiry has also strengthened as buyers reassess Melbourne's position within the national property cycle.

"Melbourne currently stands as the most compelling entry point of any major Australian capital, and discerning buyers are beginning to recognise what those who move early always understand: the best opportunities are taken before the price rise confirms them."

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=1979]

Why now is the time to buy in Melbourne's premium apartment market

Developers and apartment buyers have a narrowing window of opportunity before Brisbane's Olympic infrastructure pipeline begins competing directly with residential construction, pushing up costs, tightening labour supply and making new projects increasingly difficult to deliver.

While Brisbane's apartment market continues to benefit from strong population growth and limited housing supply, industry research suggests the years leading up to 2027 could prove to be the most important period for developers looking to secure builders and buyers hoping to purchase before the next wave of price increases.

A new Colliers report, Brisbane 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Creating Solutions, highlights the scale of the challenge. While thousands of new homes are planned across South East Queensland, the Brisbane Olympic Athletes Village alone will deliver more than 10,500 beds during the Games before being converted into around 1,750 to 2,000 apartments. Equivalent to almost two years of typical inner-city apartment supply, the project will also absorb a significant share of the construction workforce and building materials.

The broader construction pipeline paints an even clearer picture.

Construction Skills Queensland's Horizon 2032 report forecasts Queensland's annual construction pipeline will average $69 billion over the coming years before peaking at $75 billion in 2027-28. Demand for construction workers is expected to increase by 17 per cent to almost 150,000 people, with the industry facing an annual shortfall of around 19,000 workers that could blow out to as many as 35,000 during the peak construction period.

The Olympic venues, athletes village and supporting infrastructure will account for billions of dollars worth of work across South East Queensland through to 2032, creating intense competition for labour at a time when Australia's residential construction sector is already under pressure.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150489 project_image_fid=373834]

Colliers Queensland Residential Director Andrew Scriven said the convergence of these projects is creating a clear window of opportunity for both developers and buyers.

"From 2027 onwards, the market will shift dramatically," Scriven said.

"Labour will increasingly be locked into government-led infrastructure and Olympic projects, which means private residential developments will face higher costs and tighter margins. The developers who move now are the ones most likely to get projects off the ground."

Scriven said the same dynamic would also affect buyers, with fewer apartment projects expected to launch once construction capacity tightens.

"If you're looking to change your lifestyle over the next five years, now is your window of opportunity to buy."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150713 project_image_fid=373827]

Developers are already positioning themselves ahead of that window.

Following the success of Monarch at Toowong, Consolidated Properties is preparing to launch two new Brisbane apartment projects in the second half of 2026. They include <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/gloriette-30-bedivere-street-yeerongpilly-qld-4105">Gloriette</a> at Yeerongpilly Green, a 25-storey tower within one of Brisbane's key Olympic precincts, and <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/castile-47-skyring-terrace-newstead-qld-4006">Castile</a>, a recently approved 25-storey riverfront development at 47 Skyring Terrace in Newstead.

Hutchinson Builders will deliver both projects, with early works already underway at Yeerongpilly and Newstead expected to commence later this year.

The timing comes as Brisbane's fundamentals continue to strengthen, with strong interstate migration, population growth and vacancy rates remaining below 1.5 per cent.

Colliers Queensland researcher Pragya Sharma said Greater Brisbane is forecast to require around 40,000 new apartments between 2021 and 2031.

"There's a real mismatch emerging between when housing is needed and when it will be feasible to build," Sharma said.

"As a result, the period leading up to 2027 presents a key window of opportunity for developers to secure approvals, funding and construction capacity, while buyers will have greater choice before supply constraints intensify."

Colliers research outlines a critical pre-2027 window to start residential projects before labour squeeze: now is the time to buy

Developers, buyers on watch in South East Queensland ahead of construction crunch: Colliers

It's taken less than nine months for developer Sherpa Property Group to sell out all 51 apartments in its <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flourish-oasis-palm-beach-7-9-sixth-avenue-palm-beach-qld-4221">Flourish Oasis</a> development in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/palm-beach-qld-4221">Palm Beach</a>, over a year before its anticipated completion.

&nbsp;

Located at 7-9 Sixth Avenue, the $67 million development has resonated strongly with both local owner-occupiers and downsizers seeking high-quality apartments within walking distance of the beach, dining precincts and everyday amenities.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=151449 project_image_fid=357458]

Christie Leet, Founder of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sherpa-property-group">Sherpa Group</a>, said the sell-out reflected both the strength of the Palm Beach market and the success of Sherpa's community-first approach to development.

"The sell-out of Oasis is a fantastic outcome and reinforces the strong demand we're seeing for thoughtfully designed apartments in lifestyle locations," Leet said.

"From the outset, our vision was to create a development that genuinely enhanced the Palm Beach community while providing residents with exceptional homes and wellness-focused amenities.

"We've been incredibly encouraged by the level of local support throughout the campaign, 72.5 per cent of buyers are locals, with a significant proportion of purchasers choosing Oasis as their future home rather than an investment."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=151449 project_image_fid=357463]

Construction is now progressing following development approval, with trusted builder LPS Group delivering the project and completion anticipated in Q3 2027.

Oasis forms part of Sherpa Group's successful Flourish collection, which has become recognised for its focus on wellness, community and elevated coastal living.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=151449 project_image_fid=357469]

Residents will have private access to a rooftop amenity space featuring a pool, gym, sauna, steam room, hot and cold plunge pools, spa and barbecue facilities.

"The success of Oasis demonstrates that buyers continue to prioritise quality, location and lifestyle," Leet said.

"We are proud to have delivered a project that has resonated so strongly with the market and look forward to bringing Oasis to life for our future residents."

Sherpa recently launched <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flourish-soleira-palm-beach-1150-1160-gold-coast-highway-palm-beach-qld-4221">Flourish Soleira</a>, its third instalment of the Flourish brand in Palm Beach following Flourish Oasis and <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/amargo-6-12-sixth-avenue-palm-beach-qld-4221">Flourish Amargo</a>.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=151449]

Sherpa sells out Flourish Oasis in booming Palm Beach

Urban Property Group's <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/la-vera-macquarie-park-94-talavera-road-macquarie-park-nsw-2113">La Vera</a> is leading the next phase of Macquarie Park's residential evolution, with the new apartment development set to become the first of several new apartment projects in the precinct to complete.

The 169-apartment building has now topped out ahead of its scheduled completion in the third quarter of 2026, as new residential investment continues to reshape one of Sydney's largest employment hubs into a true mixed-use precinct.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134951 project_image_fid=368645]

Cox Architecture has designed La Vera to capture the best of its unique positioning on Talavera Road, orienting the building towards Lane Cove National Park.&nbsp;The building features a sculpted northern façade with flowing curves inspired by the surrounding landscape, while its city-facing elevation adopts a more structured architectural expression to maximise skyline views.

"The vision for the project was to conceive a building that adopted an organic and curvilinear form to the northern portion that faces the Lane Cove National Park," <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">Cox Architecture</a> Director Felipe Miranda said.

"The residents that reside in the northern portion of the building benefit by having beautifully crafted curved balconies that speak to the natural context and heighten the relationship of their internal living spaces to the external balconies."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134951 project_image_fid=358802]

La Vera offers a diverse mix of one, two, three, and four-bedroom configurations, with prices currently starting from $740,000. Buyers so far have been a mix of Sydney-based investors,&nbsp;metro commuters, owner-occupiers and downsizers from surrounding North Shore suburbs.

Both investors and owner-occupiers have been drawn to La Vera's proximity to Macquarie University, Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie Centre and the Sydney Metro, infrastructure that supports both strong rental demand and a convenient lifestyle for residents.

The apartments feature full-height glazing, timber flooring throughout living areas, stone kitchen benchtops, SMEG appliances, floor-to-ceiling bathroom tiling and ducted air conditioning.

Residents will have access to a rooftop recreation level featuring a swimming pool, sauna, barbecue facilities and landscaped relaxation areas, complemented by additional communal space at ground level. Many apartments enjoy uninterrupted views across Lane Cove National Park, reinforcing the project's connection to its natural setting.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134951 project_image_fid=364551]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a>, a family-owned developer and builder with nearly four decades of experience, holds a 4.5-star iCIRT rating and was Australia's first developer to introduce 10-Year Latent Defects Insurance (LDI). La Vera is the first apartment development in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/macquarie-park-nsw-2113">Macquarie Park</a> approved to offer the additional insurance protection, alongside a five-year warranty on SMEG appliances.

Urban Property Group CEO Patrick Elias said the additional protection reflects changing buyer expectations in the off the plan market.

"Consumers are a lot more weary and a lot more concerned in buying off the plan than they ever have been. Having LDI is a tool to portray the confidence that we have in our product, and a confidence we want buyers to share," Elias said.

Following completion of the building later this year, buyers will move into their apartments well before Christmas.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134951]

La Vera closes in on completion as Macquarie Park continues residential transformation

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

&nbsp;

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

For the first time in a long time, Australia's inflation story is starting to look more like a landing than a fight.

The latest Consumer Price Index figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics showed annual inflation eased to four per cent in May, down from 4.2 per cent in April. On the surface, that might not seem like a major move. Inflation remains above the Reserve Bank's target range and some categories continue to record stubborn price growth.

But the significance of this result lies less in where inflation sits today and more in what it means for where interest rates are likely heading next.

The biggest takeaway is that inflation continues to move in the right direction.

Markets had been bracing for another sticky result after a period where progress appeared to stall. Instead, headline inflation came in softer than expected, helped by falling fuel prices and easing transport costs. Annual transport inflation halved from 6.6 per cent in April to 3.3 per cent in May, while automotive fuel prices fell 11.9 per cent during the month following lower oil prices and the impact of reduced fuel excise measures.

While petrol prices don't solve Australia's affordability challenges, they are one of the most visible and immediate costs for consumers. Falling fuel costs feed through the economy quickly, helping ease pressure on household budgets and business operating expenses.

The ABS data also showed headline inflation is now sitting at its lowest annual level in several months, reinforcing the broader trend that price growth is gradually moderating.

That trend is important because it aligns with what many economists and lenders have been saying for the last month.

Prior to this week's inflation data, ANZ, NAB and Commonwealth Bank had all shifted their forecasts, now believing the Reserve Bank had likely reached the peak of the interest rate cycle. Following the May inflation release, ANZ reaffirmed that view.

In its latest economic update, ANZ said it expects quarterly trimmed mean inflation to come in at 3.7 per cent for the June quarter, slightly below the Reserve Bank's forecast of 3.8 per cent. Importantly, the bank said that outcome, when combined with slowing economic activity, "supports our view that the cash rate has peaked".

The Reserve Bank has spent the better part of three years attempting to bring inflation under control through higher interest rates. If Australia's major banks are correct and rates have now peaked, the conversation shifts from how much higher rates could go to when they might begin coming down.

Westpac's caution comes from underlying inflation. The trimmed mean, the measure most closely watched by the Reserve Bank, increased from 3.4 per cent to 3.6 per cent annually. Housing inflation remains elevated at 6.5 per cent, reflecting ongoing increases in rents, electricity costs and new dwelling construction.

Electricity prices remain particularly problematic, rising 21.1 per cent over the past year following the removal of government rebates.

Housing construction costs are also showing signs of renewed pressure. ANZ noted new dwelling costs rose 0.9 per cent in May and are now running at an annualised pace of 8.6 per cent over the past three months. Builders continue to face higher labour, fuel and material costs, a reminder that inflationary pressures have not completely disappeared.

Housing affordability has deteriorated largely because of higher interest rates rather than higher property prices alone. Even modest reductions in mortgage rates would improve borrowing capacity, increase buyer confidence and reduce repayment pressure on existing homeowners.

While August is far from a certainty, the latest inflation result has strengthened the view that the next move in rates is more likely to be down than up. For borrowers, buyers and the development sector, that alone represents a significant shift from the conversation that dominated much of the past two years.

The inflation result the property market was waiting for

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Apartments in Melbourne, Dubbo, the NSW Central Coast, Newcastle and the Gold Coast are at the peak of the market cycle according to analyst firm Herron Todd White's property clock for units in October.
Apartments in Dubbo, the NSW Central Coast, Melbourne and the Gold Coast were at the peak of the market cycle for September.
<a href="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%2010.22.36%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%2010.22.36%20AM.png" alt="">
 
In June HTW reported the apartment market for central Melbourne had started to soften during the first part of 2016.
The continued Melbourne peak clock placement comes despite the high level of losses especially across the Melbourne metropolitan council region.
The highest proportion of loss making resales over the quarter have been locaed in the inner city Melbourne CBD (19.2%), Murrindindi (12.5%) and Stonnington (10.7%), according to the latest CoreLogic Pain and Gain report.
Over the year the median Melbourne apartment resale loss moved from $28,125 to $39,950 in the latest quarter.
Some 9.3% of Melbourne units resold at a loss over the June 2016 quarter.
 
 
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

Melbourne apartments at market peak: HTW property clock

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<div id="post-body-9168898991581718703" class="post-body entry-content">
<div>The ABS produced its muchly awaited revised first home buyer numbers yesterday. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>As flagged previously, the numbers are a bit lower than previously reported, although the month to month movements remained broadly consistent with what we have already seen. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The statistics more or less confirm what we already knew: that there are fewer first homebuyer loans being written than there were in the lead up to the financial crisis (though actually not that many fewer Australia-wide). </div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/10/12/B1.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><img src="/images/2016/10/12/B1.jpg" alt=""></div>
 <div>Unfortunately the figures don't shed any light on how many first-time buyers have elected to buy an investment property instead of a home (which the NAB survey implies more than accounts for the downward shift in first homebuyer numbers). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>And nor does these series cover first homes bought without finance i.e. for cash, thanks to the so-termed 'bank of Mum and Dad'.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Unlike Britain, Australia doesn't have agonizingly high rates of inheritance tax, and thus in my opinion inequality is likely to increase in favour of those lucky folks with wealthy parents. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Sydney effect</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Drilling down to the state level, not at all surprisingly the impact of higher prices on first homebuyers has been felt most keenly in Sydney. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Not that we actually needed a graph to confirm this! Even the majority of middle-aged peeps have given up trying to buy homes in the more desirable suburbs, while investors have practically been running riot since mid-2012. </div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/10/12/B2.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
 <div class="separator"><img src="/images/2016/10/12/B2.jpg" alt=""></div>
 Elsewhere there doesn't seem to me to have been all that much of a change. <div>Loan sizes revised down</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The data for the average first homebuyer loan size has been revised down for recent years, although the chart patterns still tend to mirror the averages for non-first homebuyers. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>One interesting observation here is that the average first homebuyer loan size over the past ten years has not increased at the same rate as median house prices. </div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/10/12/B3.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
 <div class="separator"><img src="/images/2016/10/12/B3.jpg" alt=""></div>
<div> </div>
<div>You could read any number of things into this statistic (and no doubt people will!). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>For example, the figures could support the recently held argument that parents are tipping in far greater deposits than they were during 2008 and 2009, being the period when the first home owners grant (FHOG) was doubled. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It has to be said that the divergence does seem to begin at the right time for that to be the case.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Anyhoo, here are the figures at the state level, which I've just tidied up on a 3mMA basis to smooth out some of the jagged edges (the chart'd give you a headache otherwise). </div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2016/10/12/B4.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
 <div class="separator"><img src="/images/2016/10/12/B4.jpg" alt=""></div>
 <div>First homebuyers look to be steadily gearing up again in Queensland, and particularly in Tassie of late, as the Hobart market tightens and rents rise.  </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In 2014, first homebuyers in Western Australia were taking on larger loans on average than anywhere in the country. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>And in 2015, the Northern Territory became the very epicentre of first homebuyer extravagance. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>This is no longer the case - in either location. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blogger</a>. 
His latest book is <a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="post-footer"> </div>
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

What's going down with first home buyers? Pete Wargent

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<h2>An SMSF can lease an asset of the fund – such as business equipment or machinery – to a related party of the fund. This is known as an in-house asset.</h2>
An in-house asset is a loan to – or an investment in – a related party of your fund or an asset subject to a lease to a related party.
A related party of your fund can include fund members, trustees, their relatives and any companies and trusts these related parties control or influence. Employers who contribute member benefits for you or another member of your super fund are also related parties.
It’s important to remember that in-house assets can’t be more than 5 percent of the total market value of fund assets.
If your SMSF holds an in-house asset, the value of all of your funds’ assets needs to be determined at the end of the income year. The valuation enables you to test whether the market value of the in-house assets exceed 5% of the funds’ total assets at the end of a year of income.
<h2>Certain events will affect the percentage of in-house assets and there are also some exceptions to the in-house asset rules.</h2>
Your SMSF must also ensure that the lease of business equipment or machinery complies with the sole purpose test and is made on a commercial ‘arm’s length’ basis.
Can an SMSF sell a collectable or personal-use asset to a related party?
Yes – collectables and personal-use assets held in an SMSF can be sold to a related party. For items acquired:
<ul>
<li>after 1 July 2011, the sale must be made at market price as determined by a qualified, independent valuer</li>
<li>before 1 July 2011 and sold before 1 July 2016, an independent valuation is not required, however, the sale must be made on an arm's length basis.</li>
</ul>
All sales to related parties that occur on or after 1 July 2016 must be supported by an independent valuation.
What is the time limit for providing requested documents to my SMSF auditor?
You must provide requested relevant documents to your SMSF auditor within 14 days of the request being made.
If you fail to do so, you will be in breach of a statutory time period in section 35C (2) of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993.
Where a statutory time period is exceeded by more than 14 days, your SMSF auditor is required to report the contravention to the ATO via an Auditor Contravention Report.
What is my preservation age for accessing super benefits?
Your preservation age is the minimum age at which you can access your preserved super benefits without meeting another condition of release. It is based on your year of birth.
Your preservation age will be 55 if you were born before 1 July 1960.
If you were born after 30 June 1960, you will have a higher preservation age of:
<ul>
<li>56 – if you were born between 1 July 1960 and 30 June 1961</li>
<li>57 – if you were born between 1 July 1961 and 30 June 1962</li>
<li>58 – if you were born between 1 July 1962 and 30 June 1963</li>
<li>59 – if you were born between 1 July 1963 and 30 June 1964</li>
<li>60 – if you were born after 30 June 1964 
</li>
</ul>
To access your preserved super in the 2015-16 income year, you must have turned 55 before 1 July 2015.
Your preservation age is relevant to the following conditions of release:
<ul>
<li>reaching preservation age and retired with no intention to work again in the future</li>
<li>reaching preservation age and starting a transition-to-retirement income stream.</li>
</ul>
What happens if TRIS payments exceed the maximum annual payment limit?
A transition-to-retirement income stream (TRIS) can be paid to a member who has reached their preservation age even if they have not retired. However, strict annual payment conditions apply. The minimum annual payment amount depends on the member’s age and the maximum annual payment amount is 10 percent of the member’s account balance. 
If payments are outside the allowable limits, the TRIS is automatically taken to have ceased for income tax purposes from the start of the financial year in question. This means your fund cannot claim a tax exemption on the income from the account supporting all the payments. It also means all payments made during the financial year will be treated as a lump sum and taxed at the individual’s marginal tax rate, unless the payments are unrestricted non-preserved benefits.
Can an SMSF purchase shares in a private company?
An SMSF is prohibited from acquiring assets from a related party. There are limited exceptions, including market listed shares, business real property or in-house assets (where the value of all in-house assets does not exceed 5% of total fund assets).
In recent communications, we have described situations where an SMSF purchases the shares of a private company for the purpose of channelling franked dividends to the SMSF instead of the company’s original shareholders.
If the private company is a related party of the SMSF, the purchase would be a prohibited acquisition and a breach of section 66 of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SISA) would occur.
How are unrestricted non-preserved benefits related to a condition of release?
The most common conditions of release for paying benefits to a member are when the member has:
<ul>
<li>reached their preservation age and retires</li>
<li>reached their preservation age and begins a transition-to-retirement income stream</li>
<li>turned 65 (even if they haven't retired)</li>
<li>died</li>
</ul>
When you meet a condition of release with no cashing restrictions, your preserved benefits become unrestricted non-preserved benefits (UNPB).
Under the rules for voluntarily cashing benefits, UNPBs may be cashed at any time. 
Can you set up an SMSF with a corporate trustee? 
Under paragraph 19(3)(a) of the SISA, the trustee of the fund must be a constitutional corporation pursuant to a requirement contained in the governing rules.
This means you need to set up a company incorporated under law and obtain a certificate of registration in order to have the company act as trustee of a fund. Registering a company incurs immediate costs and there is also an annual fee depending on the purpose of the fund.
The company must be registered before the SMSF is established.
How do I amend my SMSF annual return?
To amend your SMSF annual return you need to resubmit the whole return and answer ‘yes’ in Section A question 5.
You cannot request amendments by:
<ul>
<li>writing to us with the correct details</li>
<li>submitting a partially completed SMSF annual return</li>
<li>submitting a Request for an amendment of an income tax return form.</li>
</ul>
Can I make salary-sacrificed contributions to my SMSF and at the same time access retirement money to make mortgage payments?
There are very limited circumstances when you can access your retirement savings early. Strict criteria must be met to do so.
A release on compassionate grounds must be applied for through the Department of Human Services. In these circumstances, superannuation savings will only be released to make mortgage payments if you do not have the financial capacity to pay and your mortgagee is threatening to repossess or sell your home.
If you are voluntarily salary sacrificing into your super fund, instead of paying your mortgage, you will not qualify for compassionate grounds because you have the financial capacity to make your mortgage repayments by accessing your employment income.
You are only able to withdraw super under severe financial hardship if you have received Australian Government income support payments continuously for 26 weeks and are unable to meet reasonable and immediate living expenses. Payments from your super fund are limited to a maximum of $10,000 every 12 months.
Improper early access to your super is illegal – there are severe consequences for you and your fund if you access your super before you are legally entitled to do so. These include disqualification of trustees, the fund being made non-complying, imposition of administrative penalties, and prosecution.
Any money accessed illegally will also be assessed as income for the individual and taxed at the applicable marginal tax rate.
Can an SMSF take out insurance on a cross-insurance basis?
Regulations that came into operation on 1 July 2014 do not allow SMSFs to provide insurance for a member unless the insured event is consistent with one of the following conditions of release:
<ul>
<li>death</li>
<li>terminal medical condition</li>
<li>permanent incapacity</li>
<li>temporary incapacity.</li>
</ul>
<h2>The Explanatory Memorandum associated with the amended regulations makes it clear that the proceeds of an insurance policy must be released to the member who is the insured under the policy. This means that cross-insurance arrangements where the proceeds of an insurance policy are paid to someone other than the insured under the policy are not permitted.</h2>
Does the temporary budget repair levy apply to SMSFs?
The Temporary Budget Repair Levy started on 1 July 2014. It is a 2 percent levy that applies if your income is taxed at the highest marginal tax rate. Super fund tax rates that match the top marginal tax rate for individuals have been increased by 2 percent. These tax rates are:
<h2><a href="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%209.25.33%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></h2>
<img src="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%209.25.33%20AM.png" alt="">
For more information from the ATO, <a href="https://www.ato.gov.au" target="_blank">click here</a>.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Property 101: Can equipment owned by the SMSF be leased to other members of the same SMSF?

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/65870/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
Since settlement, Australian cities have been shaped and reshaped by history, infrastructure, natural landscapes and – importantly – policy.
So, have our cities changed much in the last 30 years? Have consolidation policies had any effect? Have we contained sprawl? Yes, probably and maybe, according to our newly published research.
<a href="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%209.06.15%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%209.06.15%20AM.png" alt="">
<h2>Reviving the centre</h2>
The great Australian baby boomer dream of home ownership caused our cities to spread out during the second half of the 20th century. Urban fringes expanded with affordable land releases, large residential blocks and cheap private transport. 
By the 1980s, across Australia’s cities, the urban fringes were ever-expanding. Inner areas had become sparsely populated “doughnut cities”. 
By the end of that decade urban researchers, planners, geographers and economists began to warn of looming environmental, social and housing affordability problems due to unrestrained sprawling growth. 
Governments responded swiftly, focusing policy attention on urban consolidation through programs such as Greenstreet and Building Better Cities. Concerned individuals formed groups such as Smart Growth and New Urbanism to promote inner-city development and increased urban density.
Since this time, large- and small-scale policy interventions have attempted to repopulate the inner- and middle-urban areas. The common policy goal has been to encourage more compact, less sprawling cities. Subdivision, dual occupancy, infill development, smaller block sizes, inner-city apartments and the repurposing of non-residential buildings have all been used.
<h2>Mapping the changes</h2>
In a newly published paper, we map the changing shape of Australia’s five largest mainland cities from 1981 to 2011. 
Across each of these cities, which together are home to 60 percent of Australians, there has been substantial, suburbanisation and re-urbanisation. In the last 20 years this has resulted in a repopulation of inner cities. 
In Melbourne’s case, the return to the inner city has been particularly pronounced in the last decade. Here, the population jumped from around 3,000 to 4,000 people per km². 
<a href="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%209.04.57%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/10/12/Screen%20Shot%202016-10-12%20at%209.04.57%20AM.png" alt="">
Melbourne may well be the exemplar for inner-city rebirth. More than any other Australian city it demonstrates the 30-year turnaround from inner-city decline to densification. 
Between 1981 and 1991 Melbourne became a classic “doughnut city”: population declining in inner areas, density increasing in the middle-ring suburbs, and growth steady in the outer suburbs. For example, in the inner 5km ring there was a decrease during this time of almost 200 people per km². 
From 1991 to 2001, even though growth was still focused on the middle and outer areas, the inner area began to be repopulated. Overall, between 1981 and 2011 there were approximately 1,500 more people per square kilometre living in the inner 5km ring.
Over the last decade, greenfield development, infill and urban regeneration have increased urban density throughout Melbourne.
While the turnarounds in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth have been less marked than in Melbourne, they are all no longer “doughnut cities”. This means that where people live in these cities has changed. 
Australia’s cities are now more densely populated – and we are much more likely to live in inner areas than we were 30 years ago.
<h2>A result of government policy?</h2>
We can probably attribute the changes in where urban Australians live to government consolidation policies. 
The policy focus throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s was based on incentives to repopulate inner and middle areas. 
Policies were changed from 2000 to increase population density across whole metropolitan areas. State and territory strategic plans aimed to promote urban consolidation, with a focus on the inner city. 
State and territory plans now focus much more on specific zones throughout the whole of the city, including former industrial areas and surplus government land. New housing development occurs within these defined zones, particularly around transport and areas with urban-renewal potential. 
South Australia’s 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide targets growth in “current urban lands”, along major transport corridors and hubs. Similarly, the Plan Melbourne – Metropolitan Planning Strategy plans to establish the “20-minute neighbourhood”, contain new housing within existing urban boundaries, and focus development in new urban renewal precincts.
The map visualisations reinforce the scale of this absolute growth across each of the five major Australian cities over the last 30 years. 
<h2>Have we contained sprawl?</h2>
Our research would suggest urban-consolidation policies have slowed but not prevented sprawl, especially in the faster-growing cities like Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney. 
So, have we reached the point at which our cities are full? How can we accommodate future population growth? And do we need to focus our attention on new urban areas? 
Containing and, more importantly, controlling sprawl may present the next big challenge.
Neil Coffee is senior research Fellow in Health Geography, University of South Australia and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/neil-coffee-301251" target="_blank">here</a>.
Emma Baker is associate professor, School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Adelaide and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/emma-baker-172081" target="_blank">here</a>.
Jarrod Lange is senior research consultant (GIS), Hugo Centre for Migration and Population Research, University of Adelaide and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jarrod-lange-301835" target="_blank">here</a>.
All are authors for The Conversation.
 
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Density, sprawl, growth: how Australian cities have changed in the last 30 years

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Breen Property has announced that its Shearwater Landing residential estate at Greenhills Beach, has sold out.
<a href="https://shearwaterlanding.com.au/" target="_blank">The 13 hectare North Cronulla house and land development site</a> in Sydney’s Sutherland Shire was marketed through Savills.
Tom Breen, executive chairman of Breen Property said that the site had been remediated, re-contoured and re-engineered to produce 160 large, environmentally sensitive, master-planned home sites, with 27 enjoying views over the Pacific Ocean.
Selling prices for the 160 home sites were from just under $1 million to $3.4 million per lot with the lots ranging in size from 550 sqm to over 1,000 sqm.
The beach front sites were all in excess of 785 sq m.
Savills director of residential projects, Nigel Napoli, said throughout the sales process there had been over 5,000 enquiries for the 160 home sites. 
“From the fencing around the site being erected, to opening the doors of the display suite for the first time, buyers have been queueing up to secure their chosen home-site for their future dream home,” said Mr Napoli.
<img src="/images/2016/10/12/image001.jpg" alt="" width="568" height="758">
More than 90 percent of purchasers were local to the Shire.
“Most of the purchasers grew up in the area, and now that they have young families, they want to build their dream home, right by the beach, in the area they grew up in,” added Peter Coulton, Savills selling agent.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Savills secure sellout of Shearwater Landing, Sutherland Shire land offering

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A Chinese development company has snapped up a Clayton South mixed-use site for $10,980,000.
CBRE negotiated the sale of 1380-1388 Centre Road on behalf of Elco Foods.
The 6,378sqm site is an industrial building utilised by the food importer.
The sale price represents a land rate of $1,722 per sqm – a strong result linked to growing demand for strategically located landholdings capable of townhouse or mixed-use development.
There were nine offers at the conclusion of the campaign, five of which were from Asian parties.
CBRE noted larger scale townhouse development opportunities are extremely popular in the market at present, driven by the big four banks’ willingness to provide funding for this sector and the rapid growth in median house prices in the middle and outer suburbs placing affordability pressures on free standing dwellings.
Cedar Woods is completing a significant townhouse development called Jackson Green in Clayton South.
Abacus Property Group has recently sold a major landholding on Browns Road for $51.5 million to a Chinese buyer.
Director of Elco Foods, Emmanuel Kotis had a valuation in May 2015 at $4.9 million.
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Chinese developer secures Clayton South townhouse site

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Around three quarters of all residential sales in Bathurst are between $300,000 and $500,000, according to Herron Todd White’s latest monthly market report.
The property advisory firm noted a correlation between the sale price and the average income in the area.
It advised the majority of home owners are able to service mortgages at these prices.
The size to which dwellings can be built is determined by this limitation in relation to the cost of construction.
In this bracket properties range from slightly dated 60 year old three bedroom, one bathroom dwellings to modern brick veneer four bedroom dwellings with an en suite.
At $500,000 such a dwelling could comprise over 200 square metres of living area alone.
An example would be a four bedroom home at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-nsw-bathurst-123592886" target="_blank">6 McLean Street</a> (pictured above) that is for sale for $519,000.
HTW noted a new limitation is then reached in that there is a point when a dwelling can be too large for practical purposes.
"That corresponds with why the majority of properties at $600,000 or more comprise small acreage," the report said.
At the moment anything under $300,000 is being snapped up as soon as it is available. The reason that there are not as many sales in this price bracket is because fewer become available. Although new dwellings continue to comprise a large percentage of sales, this is influenced by the lack of listings that are currently becoming available in established areas.
"This would also skew the areas of higher activity, but not necessarily the level of change in value," the HTW report said.
"This is further influenced by the personal circumstances of purchasers determining the time frame available to allow location to be as important a determinant as the need for accommodation."
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Property supply lacking as demands increase in Bathurst: HTW

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The residential property market in the Illawarra has gone from strength to strength since 2013 with no particular price point or location being left out, according to Herron Todd White’s latest monthly market report.
The property advisory firm said that all purchaser types have been affected, from first home buyers, investors focused on returns to prestige buyers. Demand from buyers has shifted south from Sydney into the Illawarra and even the Shoalhaven has come out of a long market slump.
PriceFinder reports that the most active price ranges for house sales in the Illawarra during the 2016 financial year vary for the different Local Government Authorities. The highest volume of house sales in the Wollongong LGA was 420 sales in the $600,000 to $700,000 range. One example would be a three bedroom home at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-nsw-wollongong-122458686" target="_blank">96 Rowland Avenue</a> (pictured above) that was recently sold for $620,000.
The most house sales in the Shellharbour LGA was between $400,000 and $500,000 with 292 sales.
Kiama’s LGA has the highest range with 68 sales in the $700,000 to $800,000 range while the Shoalhaven LGA has the lowest with 756 house sales between $300,000 and $400,000.
Affordability and availability is the key to the most favoured price points. When a property is deemed affordable it has the broadest market including first home buyers and mum and dad investors. The more common types of property will also become available to the market more often, leading to higher volumes.
The least amount of activity in the Illawarra is, not surprisingly, the prestige market. While this market has been relatively strong over the past three years, there is still a limited amount of activity, mainly due to a limited amount of supply of this property type to the market.
Prestige properties in the Wollongong, Shellharbour and Kiama LGAs tend to be in the $2 million plus price bracket while this drops to $1.5 million in the Shoalhaven LGA and is limited to beach front or large acreage style properties.
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Illawarra property market strength continues to shine: HTW

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Over 2016, the residential property market in Newcastle and the Hunter has exhibited mixed performance throughout the different areas of Newcastle, Hunter, the Upper Hunter and Port Stephens, according to Herron Todd White’s latest monthly market report.
The property advisory firm says that these locations are in substantially different stages of the property cycle, which could be described as two speed.
Upsizers are the dominant force in the marker, this being the 30 to 40 year age group with not enough room in the current home to accommodate new additions to the family.
The report said Singleton is still experiencing declining prices with little to no positive change expected in the near future.
"There are very little to no investors prepared to lose money, nor could they easily obtain finance if they wanted to," the report said.
Agents have commented that purchasing in the area is limited to a needs only basis with their vendors accepting losses.
Purchasers are upsizing at a discounted price point due to the oversupply of property within the market. The price point for a typical four bedroom, two bathroom home ranges between $400,000 and $500,000. An example would be a four bedroom home at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-nsw-singleton-123245166" target="_blank">19 Benjamin Circuit</a> (pictured above) that is for sale for $459,700. It came on for sale in August at $480,000.
Suburbs surrounding Maitland, including Chisholm, Thornton, Gillieston Heights and Clifftleigh, are experiencing a substantial increase of new residential housing development. This market is seeing a combination of investors competing with first home buyers who can still obtain their grants for newly built residences.
On average a typical newly built four bedroom, two bathroom property would be within a price point of between $500,000 and $600,000.
Herron Todd White notes that Port Stephens leans more towards a specific investor profile.
"Port Stephens, with higher rates of investors and holiday accommodation, is also experiencing high demand for land for new residential development. Agents have stated that purchasers are looking for properties that can be knocked down due to the limited amount of new land available."
The price point which is most favoured within the Newcastle patch is the 30 to 40 age group of second home buyers and upsizers. This demographic is purchasing their next home within the price point of approximately $500,000 to $700,000 which will purchase the extra bedroom and second bathroom within the desirable 20 minutes of the Newcastle CBD.
Specifically it is the well performing suburbs of Hamilton, Mayfield, Lambton, Adamstown and Charlestown where capital growth for 2016 is between 5.3% and 10.5%.
There is a combination of factors as to why this price point and demographic is the most active, which also goes hand in hand with why the Newcastle property market is at peak levels. Investors are continuing to experience difficulty entering the market due to lending restrictions, even though there is confidence in property growth.
First home buyers are having very little success securing a property as the lower end of the market is also in high demand from the same 30 to 40 years age group of buyers who have the skills and experience to extend and renovate.
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Mixed price performances in Hunter, with Singleton still in decline: HTW

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This year has been a strong period for the ACT property market with most Canberra suburbs recording a median price growth, according to Herron Todd White’s latest monthly market report.
The property advisory firm says that active sections of the market include standard housing at the entry level price points in some Canberra fringe and outer suburban locations.
Generally purchasers are looking for large blocks within established suburbs that provide access to good education and employment services.
Entry level price point for this style of housing ranges between $450,000 and $550,000. Most homes within this section of the market provide three and four bedroom accommodation, generally built circa 1975 and in many cases are ready for some renovation and upgrading. An example would be a three bedroom home at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-nsw-queanbeyan-122913366" target="_blank">34 Brereton Street</a> (pictured above) that is for sale for $549,000.
Inner suburban locations in Canberra’s north and south set a higher price point at generally $1 million plus. This section of the market is also relatively buoyant with families looking to move up the property ladder with their second or third purchases.
Again block size, location and proximity to schools and other services are the main drivers. This section of the market ranges from $1 million to around $2.5 million. Market activity for property in the $3 million plus price point is slower, although transactions have still been recorded at the higher levels throughout 2016.
Herron Todd White noted that property prices in medium density areas is impacted by strong supplies.
"Price points in the medium density market range from $250,000 to $300,00 for a one bedroom unit recently constructed in a fringe Town Centre location, to $400,000 to $500,000 for a centrally located unit in Canberra’s inner north or inner south," said the report. "Both investors and owner occupiers are active, however strong supply within the medium density market has had an impact on activity."
With similar results expected for next year, this year’s hottest suburbs include entry level areas on the fringe of the ACT right through to prestige suburbs in Canberra’s inner south.
Domain senior economist Andrew Wilson says that pinpointing the strongest suburbs is trickier in Canberra than it is in other cities.
The nation’s capital is home to a compressed market, with a higher entry point in affordable suburbs and a lower entry point in prestige suburbs, when compared to Sydney and Melbourne, Dr Wilson says.
“When the market rises, it rises as a whole. Most suburbs will record price growth in 2016.”
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