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EXPERT OBSERVER
Recently the Bank has communicated extensively with the market.
This has included a major speech from the Governor to the Australian Business Economists; his the semi annual appearance at the House of representatives Standing Committee on Economics; and the August Statement on Monetary Policy.
So, it comes as no surprise that the Minutes of the August Board Meeting contain no surprises.
The Board confirms that it does “not rule out adjusting the current package if circumstances warranted”.
The package is highlighted by a 0.25% cash rate and a 0.25% target for the three year bond rate.
The condition for the three year bond target is somewhat looser than for the cash rate target with “progress towards the inflation target” compared with “confident that inflation will be sustainably within the 2–3 per cent target band”.
For that reason “it would be appropriate to remove the yield target before the cash rate itself is raised”.
This policy description has been used consistently since the Board minutes of the April meeting.
It is not entirely clear as to whether “remove the yield target” means abandon yield curve control or adjust the level of the target to, say, 0.40%.
In his appearance at the Parliamentary Committee he opined that the three year target of 0.25% was reasonable since he expected that the cash rate would hold at 0.25% for the next three years.
However, he was guarded as to whether he thought it likely that the 0.25% would hold for five years and therefore it was  not encouraging that the target of 0.25% would be extended to five years.
My preference would be that if in 2022 the Bank was still of the view that the cash rate was unlikely to hold at 0.25% for another three years it would be appropriate to lift the three year target rate to, say, 0.40% thus maintaining yield curve control without having to defend an unrealistic target.
Given that this current language is likely to be used consistently in the Minutes certainly through 2021 the Board can maintain its flexibility on whether to abandon yield curve control or set a different target rate.
Another issue for policy is the Australian dollar. The Governor stated last week that a lower dollar was helpful in boosting jobs through a lift in competitiveness.
With the Bank’s assumption that foreign borders would remain closed until mid- 2021 the benefit of a more competitive dollar is blunted somewhat in the near term.
However, he stated that any move to intervene to lower the dollar would be ineffective if the value of the dollar was in line with fundamentals.
In fact, in the Minutes we see “The Australian dollar had been broadly in line with fundamental determinants, such as commodity prices and interest rate differentials”.
With the outlook for commodity prices encouraging and interest rate differentials moving in a very narrow band the opportunity for a grossly overvalued AUD to emerge prompting some currency intervention seems unlikely.
Adopting a negative interest rate policy to lower the fundamental value of the dollar through a widening the yield differential has been described by the Governor as “ extraordinarily unlikely”.
I am always interested in the detailed economic discussion for insights from the Bank’s extensive liaison work with business.
In that regard “Information from the Bank’s liaison program indicated that the share of contacts expecting to freeze wages or to implement temporary wage cuts was higher than in the past”.
With wages growth being a key determinant of inflation that news will not be comforting for a central bank targeting a return to 2–3% inflation.
All three economic outlook scenarios – base; upside; and downside had inflation below 2% (upside 1.75%) by end 2022 with the downside scenario seeing inflation at 0.5% even by end 2022.
The conclusion was that “underlying inflation pressures would remain subdued for a considerable period”.
On business investment “information from liaison with businesses and recent surveys indicated that weakness in non- mining business investment over recent quarters would become more pronounced in the period ahead”….” Firms were prioritising their liquidity positions in response to uncertainty about future demand”….” many non-residential projects that had not yet commenced were on hold”.
Conclusion
The Bank’s forecasts put the policy debate in a difficult position.
What does “progress towards full employment“ mean?
If the unemployment rate has fallen from the forecast peak of 10% (we think that is too high – more like 8.5–9.0%) to 7% does that qualify as sufficient “progress” to tighten policy?
Yes, a three percentage point fall in the unemployment rate is significant but is it sufficient “progress”?
Surely there is a case for maintaining maximum policy stimulus if you are that far away from full employment and inflation has spent years outside the target band.
On the other hand, if the forecasts prove to be optimistic (and the downside scenario prevails) there should be a  debate around what other policy options might be considered effective.
Perhaps, as we move forward, that debate will merit more attention.
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BILL EVANS is Chief Economist for Westpac. 
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RBA's forecasts put policy debate in a difficult position: Westpac's Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The Westpac-Melbourne Institute Index of Consumer Sentiment fell 9.5% to 79.5 in August from 87.9 in July.
The scale of the fall comes as a major surprise. At 79.5, the Index is back near the extreme low of 75.6 seen back in April when Australia entered a national lockdown.
Since the July survey we have seen Victoria enter Stage 4 restrictions and evidence of some ‘hot spots’ in New South Wales. Under those circumstances it is certainly reasonable to have expected a sizeable fall in Consumer Sentiment.
However, collapsing to only 5.1% above the lows we saw in April when consumers were first confronted with a national lockdown may well prove to be a significant overreaction.
The biggest surprise was in NSW where sentiment collapsed by 15.5% – well in excess of the 8.3% fall in Victoria. Remarkably, the index in NSW has reached 77.8, below Victoria’s read of 78.
Even in Queensland, where cases have been largely eliminated, there was a fall of 8.1% putting the index in Queensland at 79.7, only slightly above NSW and Victoria.
The index in South Australia fell by 5.8% to 81.8 while only Western Australia was stable, falling by 1.5% to 85.9.
While some of the weakness in NSW and Queensland will reflect the direct economic drag from Victoria’s lockdown and the closure of interstate borders, the overall response seems disproportionate to the evidence on developments around the virus.
This emphasises the fear of the unknown.
Consumers across the nation appear to have been rattled by the developments in Victoria and fear that other states may also succumb to the ‘second wave’ outbreak.
NSW has seen several clusters although, after more than a month, there has been no evidence that these cases will develop into a Victorian-style disaster.
Queensland has seen even fewer cases and faces even more secure prospects.
Our view is that these fears are likely to have become overblown. While consumers are right to be concerned, virus risks still look low outside Victoria. Even in NSW new case counts remain well below the levels seen when Victoria’s outbreak started to ramp higher in the second half of June.
Certainly, the prospect of Victorian-style outbreaks taking hold across all of Australia seems remote. Fears across the nation will be lowered further as and when lockdown measures start to improve the situation in Victoria
Victoria’s progress in containing the virus with its current heavy lockdown policies will be much clearer by the first week in September when we conduct the next survey.
BILL EVANS is <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/Article/44613/14186/" target="_blank">Westpac's chief economist</a>
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Consumer sentiment collapsed in August especially in NSW: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
I have never seen a more uncertain economic outlook than we currently face both domestically and globally.
Nevertheless it is important to try to set out a framework for assessing the outlook. In this note we take the unusual approach of looking at the prospects of the states and build the national picture up from the individual states.
Victoria has entered Stage 4 lockdown which is likely to continue until mid-September.
Developments in Victoria have been rapid. When the government released its economic forecasts on July 23 the underlying assumption was that Stage 3 lockdown in Victoria would ease from mid-August.
That assumption was in line with our original figuring where we assumed that activity in Victoria had lifted by 1.5% with the gradual reopening of the economy between early June and the renewed lock down in early July. We expected that the renewed lock down would "lose" that 1.5% through July and August.
Using the same underlying assumption as the government, which assumed a reopening by mid-August we expected growth to lift in the second half of the quarter by 1.5% for a flat growth result for Victoria.
Hours worked data subsequently indicated that, both in Victoria and nationally, the recovery in June was indeed faster than that 1.5% estimate – nearer 4%.
Hours worked had collapsed by 12% in April/May highlighting the impact of the original lock downs across the country.
The introduction of Stage 4 restrictions in Melbourne and regional Victoria (Stage 3) can be expected to see activity fall below the April/May levels ("only" Stage 3 across the whole state) losing that 4% gain in July plus a further 5% through the September quarter (this forecast is based on the official guidance that jobs affected over that six week period will total around 250,000 – or around 10% of the existing workforce).
In total we now expect the Victorian economy to contract by 9% in the September quarter.
Note that the base fall of 12% in April/May represents the extreme initial response to a shutdown from "normal" activity levels.
This forecast is consistent with activity in the Victorian economy contracting by 16% over the June and September quarters. (7% in the June quarter and 9% in the September quarter) taking activity below that low point in April/May.
With the Stage 4 restrictions now likely to stay in place for most of September Victoria's recovery will be delayed until the December quarter when we expect the 9% loss in the September quarter to be partially reversed (growth of 6%) as the state moves from Stage 4 through to Stage 2.
Bill Evans is Westpac's economic spokesman and the head of economic research
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Global and domestic economic outlook never been more uncertain: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The theme around the economic outlook from both the July Board Minutes and the Governor’s speech, which was delivered 90 minutes after the release of the Minutes, is best summarised by the conclusion in the Minutes “Economic conditions had stabilised and the down turn had been less severe than earlier expected” .
However, appropriately, the outlook hinged on developments around the virus both domestically and globally. The Board concludes, “However the nature and speed of the economic recovery remained highly uncertain”.
Perhaps the best “summary” of the degree of positive surprise to the Board is set out in the Minutes when the Board refers to the Bank’s original forecast of a 20% reduction in hours worked in the June quarter.
Having fallen by 9.5% in April and a further 0.7% in May, hours worked recovered by 4% in June (not known at the time of the Board meeting) resulting in the overall fall being only around a third of the Board’s original expectations.
From my perspective the most interesting insights in the Minutes and the Speech are around the discussion of policy options.
The Minutes discuss “How the elements of the Bank’s March policy package could have been configured differently” ­– setting a lower cash rate (say 0.1%) or purchasing more bonds than necessary to achieve the target bond rate.
The Board concluded that there was “no need to adjust the package of policy measures in Australia in the current environment”.
The policies which were considered included: “negative interest rates; foreign exchange intervention; the purchase of private sector assets; and direct government financing”.
The conclusion was “all such options entail significant costs and involve very difficult trade offs and, for some policies, there are legitimate questions about their effectiveness”.
These issues were covered in more detail in the Governor’s speech.
He quickly dismissed negative interest rates confirming the Board’s view in the Minutes as being “extraordinarily unlikely”. He accepted that the main potential benefit was “downward pressure on the currency” (in the Q and A he did extol the benefits of a lower currency) but referred to a dislocation of the supply of credit and “encourage people to save more”. Unfortunately, as with the last time he referred to negative rates (November last year) he did not provide any detail to the dynamics he had in mind.
In contrast, he spent a great deal of time discussing direct government financing partly, I expect, because Stan Fischer ( Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve during the Janet Yellen period) “recently argued that central bank financing of government spending may be appropriate in some circumstances” provided there are strong safeguards to avoid the inflation problem which might result  from printing money. That could be done principally through the central bank determining the degree of financing – not the government. While recognising this argument he dismissed money printing for Australia since the government was able to finance itself in the market on very favourable terms, therefore maintaining fiscal discipline.
The practice of QE which the RBA now embraces is considered different because the RBA only buys in the secondary market and the government is committed to paying interest to the RBA rather than just issuing an “IOU” to the RBA which might threaten its profits; its contribution to government revenue and, potentially, requiring a recapitalisation. In the Fischer model that policy is close to printing money where the central bank has control of the process.
While I felt that the arguments around negative rates were not developed there were some serious arguments against intervention in the FX markets. These arguments against intervening (including when the AUD is broadly in line with fundamentals) are complicated by “financial risks to the public balance sheet” and “complicate international relationships”.
While these assessments are fairly definitive he did conclude that “the Board has not ruled out future changes while” recognising that there are limitations to what more can be achieved through monetary policy”.
He clearly supported the use of fiscal policy maintaining that the government’s balance sheet is sound with low debt ratios compared to most countries.
With interest rates at record lows “the public balance sheet is well placed to smooth out the shock to private incomes and support the economy through the pandemic”.
The speech and the Minutes present unified cases for steady policy while still leaving the door slightly ajar for further stimulus if absolutely necessary.
In the Q and A I reminded the Governor of the final words in a recent speech from Deputy Governor Debelle which concluded “ the Reserve Bank will maintain the current policies to keep borrowing costs low and credit available, and stands ready to do more as the circumstances warrant.” I asked for some clarity on “do more” but, given the theme of the speech, did not make any progress.
The key to any future policy developments might lie with the Australian dollar – certainly the Governor was particularly enthusiastic in his admiration for a low AUD.
Bill Evans is the chief economist at Westpac 
 
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RBA minutes and governor’s speech closed the door on any further stimulus, for now: Westpac's Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The drop in confidence reverses all of last month’s impressive gain, taking the Index back to the weak levels seen in May but still leaving it 16% above April’s extreme low of 75.
The timing of the survey is relevant. It covered the week in which the lock down was announced for Melbourne but the survey closed before the news of a significant cluster was reported for Sydney.
Sentiment has been rocked by the resurgence in Coronavirus cases over the last month. After averaging about ten a day through late May and early June, new cases have lifted significantly, running at close to 200 a day in the July survey week.
These increases have been almost exclusively in Melbourne prompting the state government to reinstate lockdowns for the city and several regional areas, and the closure of Victoria’s state borders – measures that were announced in the first half of the survey week.
Daily responses suggest these announcements were followed by a slight firming in sentiment in the second half of the week.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2020/7/15/Consumer%20sentiment.jpg" alt="">
It is of some concern that the survey pre-dates the news of a significant cluster of cases in Sydney which emerged last weekend – a day after the end of the survey.
State readings underscore the importance of virus-related developments: Victoria’s sentiment index plunged 10.4% in July but sentiment across the rest of the nation showed much milder declines (down 4.5% on a combined basis).
While milder, the weakness in other states is also likely to be linked to the outbreak in Victoria, reflecting concerns about the virus spreading interstate and spill-over effects on the wider economy.
The component detail shows the renewed COVID threat hit consumer expectations for the year ahead hard but also significantly undermined medium-term expectations for the economy.
The ‘economy, next 12mths’ sub-index recorded the biggest decline, slumping 14% in July to be 25% below pre-COVID levels – that compares to the 40% drop during the ‘first wave’ of the virus in March-April.
The ‘economy, next 5yrs’ sub-index recorded a sharp 10.3% fall.
This is disconcerting as medium- term expectations for the economy held up reasonably well during the initial COVID shock – only falling 5.1% in March–April – and were slightly above pre-COVID levels in June.
Bill Evans is the chief economist at Westpac 
 
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Westpac consumer sentiment drops as new COVID-19 cases shake confidence: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
As expected, the Reserve Bank board kept its policy settings unchanged at the Board meeting in July.
The assessment in July confirms the theme in the June Board meeting (“it is possible that the depth of the downturn will be less than earlier expected”) with, “Conditions have stabilised recently and the downturn has been less severe than earlier expected”.
However, as with June, the outlook is described as “highly uncertain”.
On August 7, the Bank will release its revised forecasts out to December 2022 (extended from June 2022 in May).
We will be interested in how this more positive assessment channels into the forecasts.
From a policy perspective the most interest will be in the assessment of the medium term outlook.
We assess that the Bank expects it is extraordinarily unlikely to see the need to adjust policy settings in 2021.
But recall that in its “upside scenario” in the May Statement on Monetary Policy the Bank assessed an unemployment rate of 5% by June 2022. Such an improvement in the unemployment rate would probably see it considering a move in its three year bond target at that time since it confirmed today ”the yield target will remain in place until progress is being made towards the goals of full employment and inflation”.
The unemployment rate in the base case is forecast to be six and a half per cent by June 2022 – down from nine per cent in December 2020.
That nine per cent  is likely to be reduced (Westpac is currently at eight per cent) reflecting the “less severe” near term conditions but I would be surprised if the Bank has seen enough evidence around the growth risks to lower the base  unemployment forecast in June 2022, particularly given the Governor’s understandable caution around the virus both domestically and internationally.
Growth through to December 2020 is also likely to be revised up from minus six per cent to nearer Westpac’s forecast of around minus four per cent.
But that will be largely offset by a considerable reduction in the 2021 growth forecast of six per cent (Westpac’s forecast is three per cent).
Evidence that the Bank may adjust its 2021 forecasts downwards comes through the Governor’s observation that “As some businesses rehire workers as demand returns, others are restructuring their operations”.
Of considerable interest will be the Bank’s assessment of the level of activity in the economy by end 2021 relative to the end of 2019. Current forecasts are for activity to be only around 0.4 percentage points below that level.
Westpac is more cautious at around 1.2 percentage points but both estimates will have activity more than five percentage points below trend over those two years.
And, of course, bear in mind that those forecasts in May assumed an AUD at USD 0.64 over the forecast period. Readers will be aware that Westpac expects the AUD to lift to USD 0.72 by December 2020 and to USD0.76 by end 2021.
Markets have been expecting that the Governor might comment on the AUD’s current level which is above USD 0.695.
However, while I am sure that he would like a lower AUD there is not much point in criticising its level if he has no intention of addressing the issue through policy. Policies such as negative interest rates and/or unsterilized intervention have been variously described as extraordinarily unlikely.
The Statement today clearly signalled steady policy except with respect to targeting the three year bond rate “will do whatever is necessary to ensure bond markets remain functional and to achieve the yield target for three year AGS”.
That statement implies that the Bank has adequate commitment to add to the AUD 40 billion it has already purchased, although only around a quarter was purchased in the two – three year maturity range.
Those purchases were in a year when the Budget deficit lifted from “balance” to a deficit of (we forecast) AUD 95 billion. This year (2020/2021) we expect the deficit to balloon to AUD 240 billion, making for a more active RBA, specifically if domestic and global growth surprise to the upside or market stability falters.
The Deputy Governor Guy Debelle seemed more flexible by ending his speech to the Economic Society last week with, “the Reserve Bank will maintain the current policies to keep borrowing costs low and credit available, and stands ready to do more as the circumstances warrant”.
Candidates for those “circumstances” range from a rampant AUD to another global crisis.
Bill Evans is the chief economist at Westpac
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The RBA expects it is extraordinarily unlikely to see the need to adjust policy settings in 2021: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
This week we received important updates to the state of Australia’s labour market.
In times of economic crisis the labour market, quite rightly, attracts more attention than any other economic series.
The most indelible imprint that recessions make on economies is the legacy of high sustained unemployment.
Following the recession of the early 1980’s it took six years for the unemployment rate to return to its pre-recession level; after the early 1990’s recession it took fifteen years; and the 4% unemployment rate we enjoyed in the lead up to the Global Financial Crisis has never since been achieved – nearly thirteen years later.
On June 18 the ABS reported that the unemployment rate had jumped to 7.1% in May – the highest since October 2001.
Employment decreased by 227,700 following a 607,400 reduction in employment in April.
The unemployment rate would have been much higher if not for a number of factors:
Over the April-May period 623,600 people left the labour force (that is employed or actively looking for work and available for work) – largely, we expect, due to displaced workers being discouraged with the prospects of finding work; complications around school closures or the physical limitations of looking for work during a shutdown.
Without these people leaving the workforce the unemployment rate would have been 11.3%.
In May over 360,000 did not work at all but were categorised as “employed” because they still had an attachment to their employer (reasons include being stood down for less than four weeks; insufficient work; or no work available).
This represents a reduction from 750,000 in April as some workers who had been stood down transitioned to actually losing their jobs.
In May nearly 1.2 million did some work, but worked fewer hours than usual.
BILL EVANS is Westpac’s economic spokesman and the head of economic research
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How the government responds to unemployment will be crucial to COVID-19 recovery: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
Remarkably, consumer confidence is now back around pre-COVID levels, having recovered all of the extreme 20% drop seen when the pandemic exploded in March–April.
Confidence has clearly been buoyed by Australia’s continued success in bringing the Coronavirus under control, which has in turn allowed for a further easing in social restrictions over the last month.
The Index is now only 2% below the average in the preceding September to February period. Note that sentiment was already on the weak side prior to the COVID shock with the Index through this earlier period showing a persistent excess of pessimists over optimists. With the unemployment rate set to remain elevated; extensive restrictions staying in place and the economy facing permanent structural change it would be surprising if the recent upward momentum continues and is able to sustain a stable level of confidence which is above that previous period.
We have also seen more even confidence levels in the major states as restrictions begin to be eased extensively across the country. Victoria lagged NSW in May with an 8.4% lift compared to 23%. However in June confidence in Victoria has jumped by 11.7% (to 94.9) compared to 4.8% in NSW (95.5). Overall confidence is now at comparable levels across both states.
While the monthly gains are impressive, the Index is still relatively weak by historical standards – in pessimistic territory overall and down 7% on a year ago. The general picture is of continued intense pressure on family finances and concern about the near- term outlook for the economy but with firming optimism around prospects for finances in the year ahead and the economy’s medium term outlook.
The contrast between that medium-term outlook in this recession and the last recession in the early 1990s is important. This component of the Index is around 50% higher than the average over a long four years in that earlier period. Respondents are confident that they can see eventual better times ahead whereas in the early 1990s there was a pervasive mood of despair for years.
Bill Evans is an economic spokesman and researcher at Westpac.
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Consumer sentiment back near pre-COVID-19 crisis levels: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
With the unemployment rate unlikely to fall below 6% and central banks unconvinced about any urgent need to be pre-emptive the cash rate target is likely to hold at 0.25% at least until end of 2023. However the RBA can remain an effective force in the Policy debate through its management of the three year bond yield target.
On Tuesday the Reserve Bank Governor Lowe made a major speech where he outlined the Bank’s key economic forecasts.
These forecasts are based on the Bank’s central outlook for the policy response to the Covid Crisis whereby domestic shutdowns are gradually eased through the June and September quarters and “mostly removed by late in the year”.
Westpac released forecasts on March 31 where the central outlook for the Crisis was similar to the Bank’s central view.
We are encouraged that our forecasts are broadly in line with the forecasts the Governor released in his speech. Westpac forecast that the economy would contract by around 9.5% in the first half of 2020 (RBA minus 10%); the economy would contract by 5% over 2020 (RBA minus 6%); the unemployment rate would lift to 9% by end June (RBA 10%); implying that growth would bounce back by 4–5% in the second half of 2020, (RBA similar).
We do however differ with the RBA’s forecast for growth in 2021 with the RBA forecasting 6–7% and Westpac at 4%.
It appears that, next year, we are heading for a repeat of the last few years when RBA growth forecasts were consistently significantly above our own forecasts. That bullish view is despite the observation that “the twin health and economic emergencies that we are experiencing now will cast a shadow over our economy for some time to come”.
The other key observation was around the outlook for interest rates. The Governor indicated that he expected the three year bond target to remain in place for a “number of years”.
He also reiterated that the cash rate target would not be lifted before the three year bond yield target was lifted.
The choice of the three year bond target rate as the same as the cash rate target is strategic since it sends a clear message that if the Bank is prepared to purchase three year bonds at the overnight cash rate it is reasonable to expect that it is comfortable with the cash rate holding at 0.25% for the full three years.
This does not mean that it cannot lift the rate for the bond yield target. A higher target rate would imply that the Bank now expects the cash rate to be lifted within the three year window therefore signalling an appropriately tighter monetary policy.
A lift in the target rate would see the market’s timing for the cash rate increase brought forward and the arbitrage between swap markets and the bond rate would pin point that expected timing.
BILL EVANS is the <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/Article/42804/16785/" target="_blank">Chief Economist at Westpac</a>
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RBA likely to hold cash rate at 0.25% till 2023: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The Westpac-Melbourne Institute Index of Consumer Sentiment plunged 17.7% to 75.6 in April from 91.9 in March.
This is the single biggest monthly decline in the forty seven year history of the survey, taking the Index beyond GFC lows to levels only seen during the deep recessions of the early 1990s (64.6) and early 1980s (75.5).
However, it is pertinent to note that the lows in previous recessions were reached after one to two years of continuous deterioration compared to the one month collapse we have seen here. Certainly we cannot rule out the Index dropping below the historic low of 64.6 we saw in November 1990.
The details of the survey which are discussed below are all very disturbing and reflect the large shocks to jobs and spending. However the most surprising message is the collapse in confidence in the housing market.
The survey comes after an extremely turbulent month in which the Coronavirus outbreak has evolved from serious concern to full-blown pandemic. Confirmed cases globally have soared from around one hundred thousand at the time of the last survey to nearly two million currently. In Australia, the number of cases has surged from just 76 a month ago to around 6,500.
Australian governments have instituted widespread shutdowns on movement and social activity that have effectively banned many forms of economic activity.
While the drop in confidence this month is severe, it could well have been worse. Despite the bleak and threatening backdrop, Australia’s pandemic experience to date has been much less debilitating than that of the hardest hit areas abroad.
The number of cases is high but has not overwhelmed Australia’s health system, with recent evidence showing a clear slowing in new cases that indicates policy measures are working to contain the spread.
These developments give some support to our view that the Australian economy will lift in the December quarter following three consecutive quarters of economic contraction.
We have also seen a swift and effective response from governments, highlighted by the Federal government’s $130 billion JobKeeper Payment scheme.
Westpac has estimated that without the Payment the unemployment rate would have soared to 17% by the end of June compared to a peak of 9% with the Payment scheme.
Note that previous recessions saw the unemployment rate peak at 11.2% (early 1990s) and 10.4% (early 1980s).
All five component sub-indexes fell in April. By far the biggest falls were in the near term outlook for the economy and in attitudes towards spending – reflecting the immediate effects of the shut-down.
The ‘economy, next 12 months’ sub-index recorded a spectacular 31% drop (the biggest monthly fall on record), taking it to 53.7. That compares to a low of 53.2 during the GFC and lows during previous recessions of 34.2 (early 1990s) and 42.1 (early 1980s).
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist at Westpac Banking Corporation
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Consumer sentiment plunges in April: Bill Evans

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[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360965]

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[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360981]

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[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360966]

Higher in the building, a rooftop pavilion and private dining suite sit alongside resident lounge, barbecue and outdoor dining areas, opening towards panoramic views across the ocean, city and hinterland.

“Buyers are no longer just looking for an apartment, but a lifestyle where they can relax, reset, and enjoy a balanced way of living,” Hirsch &amp; Faigen Director of Sales Matt George said.

Interest to date has come from established owner-occupiers and interstate lifestyle purchasers, including buyers planning a future move to the Gold Coast. Many are coming from larger homes and want to reduce ongoing maintenance without giving up space for family and guests, privacy, two car spaces or the ability to entertain at home.

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[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360969]

Much of that daily life can also take place beyond the building without requiring a drive. Kurrawa Beach and Pratten Park are an easy walk from Surf Parade, while Pacific Fair, Oracle Boulevard, The Oasis, restaurants, cafés, entertainment and public transport are also within walking distance.

The Eveleigh is Hirsch &amp; Faigen's fourth Gold Coast development since entering the market in 2021, following The Hemingway at Palm Beach, The Emerson at Kirra and Yves at Mermaid Beach. Each of the preceding projects sold out before completion.

“Broadbeach had been on our radar throughout our time operating on the Gold Coast,” the developer said. “Following our projects in Palm Beach, Kirra and Mermaid Beach, Broadbeach represented the natural next step for the business.”

The Surf Parade site brought together proximity to the beach, protected coastal outlooks and walkability to dining, shopping and recreation. Hirsch &amp; Faigen also identified the street as an emerging premium residential address, with enough separation from Broadbeach's busier destinations to retain a quieter environment at home.

The Eveleigh is now under construction by Maxcon, with completion forecast for mid-2028. Three-bedroom residences are currently available from $2.87 million.

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Joel Robinson

The Eveleigh brings house-like apartments to Broadbeach

A long-stalled Campbelltown development site is back in play, with new plans for 139 apartments set to supersede a mixed-use scheme approved almost a decade ago but never built.

The new proposal for 28 Cordeaux Street would deliver 116 market and 23 affordable apartments in a part 14-storey building, bringing a substantial new project into a Campbelltown market where new apartment supply remains limited.

Plans have been filed over the 3,092 sqm corner site at Moore-Oxley Street, around 600 metres from Campbelltown Railway Station and the city-centre retail core.

The site already carries a mixed-use residential approval dating to 2016. Doroch Architects has now been engaged on a larger replacement scheme, which is progressing as a State Significant Development Application following a Housing Delivery Authority determination in August 2025.

The apartment mix comprises 39 one-bedroom, 72 two-bedroom and 28 three-bedroom residences. Two-bedroom apartments make up just over half of the project, while three-bedroom homes account for 20 per cent.

<img alt="First look: New 139-apartment plans revive long-stalled Campbelltown city centre site" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="136dd5b9-3791-4da6-9e31-76f533f5b4de" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Campbelltown%20da2.png?VersionId=LgOSy9nwf5u.MGswBBwaGGxuX8QpHSl_" />

Of the 139 apartments, 23 will be delivered as affordable housing under the in-fill affordable housing provisions of the Housing SEPP. The affordable component represents 15 per cent of the residential gross floor area and will be managed by a registered Community Housing Provider.

Doroch has sought to break the scale of the building into two distinct elements, with a masonry podium of around four storeys establishing the street edge before the residential tower steps back above.

The corner position has shaped that approach. Cordeaux Street faces toward the commercial and civic centre, while Moore-Oxley Street leads into the lower-scale residential neighbourhood to the south, and the design verification report describes the site as "bridging the commercial core to the north and established residential areas to the south."

The podium will be expressed predominantly in face brick, while the upper levels shift to brushed and grooved concrete cladding with darker metal detailing. Recessed sections, deep balcony edges and landscaping break down the upper form, with an approximately 11.8-metre setback to the northern boundary addressing the adjoining St Peters Anglican School.

<img alt="First look: New 139-apartment plans revive long-stalled Campbelltown city centre site" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c8b3d2d3-c561-4bfc-a5d9-a68c0c10dac1" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Campbelltown%20da1.png?VersionId=AeAEyJU02Gk2k5noUj2StziCvdQ7fW4B" />

Campbelltown has been starved of new residential developments in the last decade.

The only other notable development set to come to market this year is ALAND's Queen Square, a mixed-use precinct on over two hectares that will comprise apartments above a vibrant ground-level retail and hospitality dining precinct.

First look: New 139-apartment plans revive long-stalled Campbelltown city centre site

First Look: Sherlock Construction pitches apartments for low-rise Deception Bay

Queensland builder-developer MAYD has revealed the first look at its major North Kirra beachfront development, lodging amended plans that reduce the number of apartments and increase the proportion of larger residences.

The project is planned across a substantial 4,742 sqm amalgamated site spanning seven lots at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/2-6-pacific-parade-bilinga-qld-4225">2-6 Pacific Parade</a> and 27-33 Golden Four Drive in Bilin​ga, directly opposite Nor​th Kirra Beach.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/mayd-group">MAYD</a> secured the site for $32.5 million in 2025, in what was one of the Gold Coast's largest property transactions of the year.

The development will be delivered across two stages, with the first stage carrying an estimated gross realisation value of around $360 million.

The latest amendments seek to reduce the overall apartment count and shift the project further toward the owner-occupier market, with larger residences designed for buyers wanting considerably more space than traditionally offered in a beachfront apartment.

The residential mix will include townhomes, oversized two-bedroom apartments, substantial three-bedroom residences and four-bedroom homes.

MAYD has appointed Cera Stribley to lead the architecture and interiors, with the Melbourne-based design practice drawing on the beachfront setting through a series of ocean-facing terraces and heavily landscaped balconies.

Strong horizontal forms and curved balconies will define the exterior, with subtropical landscaping integrated throughout the building to soften the built form and increase the connection between the residences and the beachfront.

The project will also include an extensive collection of resident wellness and lifestyle facilities, continuing the broader shift across the Gold Coast's luxury apartment market toward larger homes supported by resort-style amenity.

<img alt="MAYD" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d1bcbb05-e659-4b47-8bd4-1e595315e2ad" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-27%20at%202.05.03%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=jj0XEud1X1DuLt7_KyElhjMdZGOXmLHP" />

MAYD Founder Todd Mould said North Kirra was increasingly appealing to buyers attracted to the more established, lower-density character of the southern Gold Coast.

"North Kirra presents one of the most compelling luxury residential opportunities currently emerging in Australia, combining absolute beachfront with the character and authenticity that buyers are increasingly seeking, and the same sense of tight-knit community that defined Burleigh and Currumbin perhaps 10 or 15 years ago," Mould said.

"With Gold Coast Airport on its doorstep, it also offers a level of accessibility that broadens its appeal across almost every market demographic."

The project comes as the southern Gold Coast continues to attract an increasing share of high-end apartment development and buyer activity.

Kirra in particular has emerged as one of the region's more tightly held beachfront markets, with its relatively low-density character, established surf and hospitality scene and proximity to Gold Coast Airport differentiating it from the higher-density markets further north.

Mould said those characteristics had informed the approach MAYD and Cera Stribley had taken to the project.

"We've worked closely with Cera Stribley to create a vision that is deeply connected to its surroundings," he said.

"Inspired by the coastline itself, the architecture has been shaped around space, privacy and resort-style living, creating a collection of homes that reflects the next generation of luxury on the southern Gold Coast."

MOTIV Managing Director Carly Cottam, who has been appointed to market the project, said buyer attention had continued to move south along the Gold Coast.

"Purchasers who may once have defaulted to Broadbeach, Main Beach or Surfers Paradise are increasingly recognising the value of a genuine beachfront location that offers lower density, strong amenity and a more established sense of community," Cottam said.

"Kirra has a powerful combination of growing demand and genuine scarcity. Beachfront supply is inherently constrained, the area remains relatively low density, and buyers are increasingly placing a premium on locations that feel established, uncrowded and authentic rather than heavily developed."

Cottam said the proximity to Gold Coast Airport was also proving increasingly important for interstate and second-home buyers.

"Being minutes from Gold Coast Airport makes it particularly compelling for interstate buyers, frequent travellers and second-home purchasers who can access an authentic coastal lifestyle almost immediately after stepping off a flight."

The acquisition takes MAYD's active development portfolio to more than $500 million, with the North Kirra project representing one of its largest undertakings to date.

MAYD is targeting an early 2027 launch.

First look at MAYD's North Kirra mixed-use precinct

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Castle Hill, the longtime hub of the Hills District, has been one of the major beneficiaries of Sydney's Metro expansion, with improved connectivity helping drive continued population growth, development and buyer demand across the Hills District.

But despite that growth, the suburb has seen relatively few major new apartment projects brought to market over the past 18 months.

Hills District developer Reve Group is looking to fill that gap with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/nova-r-ve-castle-hill-2-garthowen-crescent-castle-hill-nsw-2154">Nova Rêve</a>, a major new mixed-use precinct on the corner of Garthowen Crescent and Old Castle Hill Road, a short walk from Castle Hill Metro Station and Castle Towers.

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The project will comprise three residential towers alongside a hotel, restaurants, cafes and a skybar, more than 1,600 sqm of ground-floor retail and almost an acre of landscaped gardens.

It represents the largest project undertaken by Reve Group, the development arm of the Kassis family, which has been building across the Hills District for more than 30 years through Kassis Homes.

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Nova Rêve also represents a significant step up from the family's first apartment development, Grand Rêve, which was delivered nearby on Garthowen Crescent.

Grand Rêve introduced larger, house-like apartment layouts and premium inclusions including Wolf and Sub-Zero appliances to the Castle Hill market.

Nova Rêve takes that approach to a precinct scale, combining the residential component with hospitality, retail and substantial public and resident landscaping.

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Reve Group Managing Director Sam Kassis said the project reflected the family's three decades of building in the Hills, which has evolved from trophy homes on quarter-acre blocks to larger-scale apartment development.

"Grand Rêve was our first apartment project here and it showed us what this pocket of Castle Hill could be. Nova Rêve is the refinement of that idea: not just apartments, but a place the whole suburb can use," Kassis said.

A key part of that approach is the hotel, which has been designed to operate as an amenity for the wider Castle Hill community rather than solely hotel guests.

It will include restaurants, cafes, skybars and all-day dining, alongside conference and event facilities catering to business functions, community groups and private events.

At ground level, more than 1,600 sqm of shops and cafes will open onto the surrounding streets and landscaped areas.

Almost an acre of gardens designed by Land and Form Studios will run through the precinct, incorporating pathways, seating, barbecue areas and children's play spaces.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152737 project_image_fid=377680]

Reve Group's Romio Georges said creating an active ground plane had been central to the planning of Nova Rêve.

"There are gardens with pathways, barbecues, seating and play areas, shops and cafes opening onto the street, and a hotel with restaurants and a skybar that anyone in Castle Hill can walk into," Georges said.

The project's elevated position on one of Sydney's highest ridgelines will also provide apartments with outlooks toward the Sydney skyline, surrounding parkland and the Blue Mountains.

More than 80 per cent of the apartments will occupy corner positions, with Turner responsible for both the architecture and interiors.

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Bill Evans

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