Nature Based Cities (NBC), the not-for-profit organisation focused on improving biodiversity and nature outcomes in urban development, has launched its latest industry design guidelines and accreditation framework, this time targeting precinct-scale residential communities.

The move extends NBC’s influence beyond its initial focus on medium and high-density residential developments. Several projects have already achieved NBC accreditation since the launch of its Medium &amp; High-Density Residential Guidelines in early 2025.

The expansion into masterplanned communities and new residential precincts reflects the growing need for stronger nature-positive benchmarks as Australia’s outer suburban growth corridors continue to expand at pace.

Paul Hameister OAM, NBC Founder and the Executive Chairman of Melbourne developer Hamton who itself leans heavily into nature and biodiversity in its developments, says the&nbsp;nature-first approach to mitigate the effects of climate change has become standard in other parts of the world such as the UK, but Australia is lagging.&nbsp;Australia’s environmentally sustainable design (ESD) rating tools have no minimum mandatory requirements for living landscapes.

“We’ve always wanted to do more, and we know other developers who want to do more, but the ESD rating tools just aren’t there,” Hameister says. “In Australia, you can have a five-green-star rated building that’s concrete and glass with not a blade of grass. 
 
“The focus is on reducing emissions, which is laudable, but there hasn’t been enough attention paid to protecting and re-establishing nature. We need both for the health of the environment and for communities.”

He says that having now&nbsp;made good progress in supporting developers of medium and high-density residential projects, NBC is now looking to bolster better nature-based decision-making and recognise developers of greenfield projects in the outer ring and large inner-ring brownfield precincts, who want to champion nature and living landscape as a defining feature.

Since 2022, the not-for-profit has sought to remove the roadblocks preventing developers from incorporating nature and living landscapes into their projects, shifting the conversation from the reduction of emissions and grey infrastructure, toward recognising nature as an essential infrastructure.

The New Communities Design Guidelines and Scorecard arm developers with the tools needed to deliver a nature positive outcome for their new communities. Intended to be adopted at the outset of the planning process, the guidelines are designed to help create communities that are cooler, healthier and more resilient while also enhancing social wellbeing and long-term economic value.&nbsp;

New Communities developers seeking accreditation will be independently assessed across a range of key criteria including ecology, tree canopy, biodiversity, and walkability. Once the masterplan is complete and submitted for approval, the scorecard is formalised based on proposed outcomes. Projects that meet the NBC criteria will receive either Commended or Exemplary accreditation outcomes, creating a clear benchmark for nature-positive new communities in Australia.&nbsp;

Janis Fischer, Director at Tract and NBC Advisory Council member, said the development of new communities in our suburbs can have a substantial impact on nature and biodiversity.

"By incorporating nature-based design principles at the inception of a project, developers and their design teams can achieve nature positive outcomes that are good for both people and the planet.’’&nbsp;

NBC accredited New Community projects will gain access to NBC branding and marketing tools to help communicate their nature-based credentials to purchasers and the broader market.&nbsp;

Joel Robinson

Nature Based Cities: A new Australian benchmark for developing nature-positive new communities

Apartment buildings are increasingly being designed around how people actually live day to day, not just how they want a building to look.

For buyers, that shift is showing up in practical inclusions that respond to changing habits. Work-from-home spaces, EV charging, wellness amenities, secure bike storage and parcel management are becoming part of the broader apartment conversation, reflecting a move toward buildings that reduce friction in everyday life.

Online shopping has become one of the clearest examples of that change.

Australians spent a record $82.6 billion online in 2025, with nearly one in four retail dollars now spent online. That has made parcel delivery a regular part of apartment living, rather than an occasional inconvenience.

For apartment residents, however, the delivery process can be less straightforward than it is for detached homes. Parcels may be left in lobbies, redirected to Post Offices, missed entirely, or placed under the responsibility of building managers and concierge teams.

That is why secure parcel infrastructure is increasingly being considered alongside more familiar apartment amenities.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-VjjLwoViX0?si=A3k7ws9NX35Uac7_" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

Australia Post Parcel Lockers offer one way to address the issue. When a parcel arrives, residents receive a notification through the AusPost app or SMS, then collect it using a QR code or one-time PIN. The parcel is kept secure, accessible and removed from common areas.

The broader Parcel Locker network now includes more than 1,500 locations across Australia, positioned at Post Offices, shopping centres, supermarkets, transport hubs and other accessible locations.

For new apartment projects, the relevance is clear. A building’s amenity offering is no longer only about lifestyle spaces, but also about convenience, security and functionality.

As buyer expectations evolve, secure parcel delivery is becoming part of the same design conversation as flexible working, sustainable transport and resident wellbeing.

It is one less thing for residents to worry about, and another example of apartment design adapting to the way Australians now live.

Apartment design is adapting to the way Australians shop

While school holidays and trips to Europe tend to define the winter property market, there's been no cold snap at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-walden-north-sydney-177-walker-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">The Walden</a> in North Sydney.

Developer-builder&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aland">ALAND</a> sold more than $35 million worth of apartments throughout June, including a $6.8 million apartment that now ranks among the highest apartment sales ever recorded in North Sydney.

SRM Residential agent Ben Stewart said buyer demand throughout June reflected a mix of improving market confidence and longer-term thinking from owner-occupiers.

"We're seeing strong demand from owner-occupiers who are taking a longer-term view," Stewart said.

"Many recognise the opportunity to secure an apartment in an iconic building and premium location while values remain attractive. They may initially lease the property, but the intention is to eventually move in themselves, rather than purchasing purely as an investment."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=367129]

Located at 177 Walker Street, The Walden will deliver 161 one, two, three and four-bedroom residences across a 30-storey tower designed by Rothelowman. Every apartment occupies a corner position, maximising natural light, cross ventilation and views across Sydney Harbour, the Opera House, Sydney Heads and the northern districts.

Rather than a traditional balcony, the residences feature winter gardens that seamlessly extend the open plan living areas, creating versatile spaces for relaxing or entertaining throughout the year. Floor-to-ceiling glazing draws in natural light while showcasing sweeping views from the building's elevated Walker Street position.

Every apartment features high-end Calacatta marble, bespoke joinery, and fully integrated appliances.

The larger residences have been planned with distinct entertaining and private zones, with many master suites positioned on corners to capture natural light and harbour views. Walk-in dressing rooms, freestanding baths and refined stone finishes reinforce the house-like feel that has resonated with downsizers and owner-occupiers.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6393]

Rothelowman Principal Ben Pomroy said the project was designed to make the most of its unique position overlooking the harbour.

"The Walden is a celebration of all things beautiful, curated for those who expect nothing less than exceptional," Pomroy says.

"Meticulously designed entertaining spaces and light-filled living areas that capitalise on capturing the natural beauty of Sydney's iconic harbour."

Residents will also have exclusive access to The Pavilion, a dedicated amenity building featuring a rooftop pool, wellness studio, gymnasium, sauna, concierge service, residents' lounge, private dining spaces and work-from-home facilities.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6402]

The project marks ALAND's first major luxury apartment development in Sydney's inner-city market after more than two decades delivering residential communities across Greater Sydney.

Founder and CEO Andrew Hrsto previously said the rarity of the Walker Street site made it an opportunity the company could not overlook.

"This is a rare opportunity to bring a truly exceptional project to life in one of Sydney's most iconic locations, and to showcase our craftsmanship and design expertise at a world-class level," Hrsto said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6383]

The Walden has been introduced to the market at a time when demand for living in North Sydney is at an all-time high. Billions of dollars have been invested in infrastructure, including the recently opened Victoria Cross Metro station, located just 300 metres from The Walden, providing residents with direct access to the Sydney CBD in just minutes.

Private investment has also transformed the area through the arrival of new retail and dining destinations, elevating the lifestyle offering in what was once considered primarily a commercial precinct rather than an aspirational residential address.

The Walden is currently under construction and is scheduled for completion in 2028.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134323]

ALAND records $35 million in sales in North Sydney as The Walden bucks quiet winter selling season

The long-awaited redevelopment of the former Eastlakes Shopping Centre site has reached a major milestone, with Conquest's plans for a new mixed-use precinct officially placed on public exhibition.

The State Significant Development Application would transform the 1.7-hectare site at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/19a-evans-avenue-eastlakes-nsw-2018">19A Evans Avenue</a> into one of Sydney's largest urban renewal projects, delivering 736 apartments above a new shopping centre anchored by Woolworths, alongside specialty retail, dining, commercial space and new public open spaces.

The public exhibition marks the next chapter for the project after <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/conquest">Conquest</a> acquired the stalled Stage Two development from Crown Group, who completed the first stage across the road prior to their voluntary liquidation.

<img alt="First look: Conquest unveils plans for 736-home Eastlakes Shopping Centre redevelopment" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5fca22c5-d1ed-4e2c-8801-03f7df1eafc8" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/eastland%20podium.png?VersionId=uomwr41nF8CmLUZRDcu3mHQechlbxucS" />

&nbsp;

Designed by DKO Architecture, the proposal comprises four residential buildings ranging from 14 to 18 storeys above a two-level retail podium. The development would deliver 736 apartments, including 74 affordable homes, 215 Build-to-Rent apartments and 521 market residences. Provision has also been made for dual-key apartments, which could increase the total number of dwellings to 877.

At ground level, the shopping centre has been designed as the suburb's new meeting place, anchored by a full-line Woolworths and complemented by a curated mix of fresh food retailers, cafés, restaurants, health services and everyday convenience shopping. Generous pedestrian links and landscaped public spaces will connect the retail precinct through to Jack Mundey Reserve, creating a more walkable and connected neighbourhood.

Conquest CEO Michael Akkawi said the redevelopment was about far more than replacing a shopping centre.

"Eastlakes has been overlooked for too long, and this is the community’s moment. We are building a shopping centre and homes, a genuine heart for the suburb, and we genuinely want locals to help shape it."

"We enrich communities through the creation of homes, places, and experiences designed for life, built to last, and owner for generations. That starts with listening, so we warmly encourage everyone with a connection to Eastlakes to view the plans and share their thoughts."

<img alt="First look: Conquest unveils plans for 736-home Eastlakes Shopping Centre redevelopment" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="22f6fb20-54fb-4bd7-8a92-48fafdd00608" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/eastland.png?VersionId=cugp7s9hrMHGJJdYzkeAkrFoQgnF4GXf" />

DKO said the design had been shaped by the site's landscape setting and surrounding open space.

"Our vision for the site embraces its unique Bidjigal identity by blending the residential living with generous landscaping and a material palette inspired by the Bidjigal locality, and celebrating the panoramic views to Botany Bay and the wetlands reserves."

"Taking cues from Country, we seek to harmonise built form with the landscape and lightly touch the earth. By reconnecting, retaining and regenerating existing ecology, and weaving in natural elements, we can deepen our connection to Country."

The landscape strategy extends across the podium and rooftops, incorporating communal gardens, children's play areas, lawns, community gardens, family gathering spaces and extensive tree planting. New landscaped links will also strengthen the connection between the precinct and Jack Mundey Reserve, while publicly accessible open spaces have been integrated throughout the development.

The proposal builds on Conquest's broader placemaking strategy for the site. Through an ongoing partnership, local artist Joe Rashbrook has been appointed Urban Art Curator, working alongside young residents to transform the project's site hoardings into a public art gallery that allows the community to engage with the redevelopment before construction is complete.

Conquest has rapidly expanded its development pipeline since acquiring the Eastlakes site, with more than $6 billion worth of mixed-use projects now in planning across Sydney, including Stanmore, Castlecrag and Waterloo.

Conquest CEO Michael Akkawi said the redevelopment was about far more than replacing a shopping centre.

First look: ‘Far more than replacing a shopping centre’ as Conquest unveils 736-home Eastlakes redevelopment

Abadeen has lodged a State Significant Development Application (SSDA) for one of Mosman's largest apartment developments in recent years, seeking approval to transform the former Honeysuckle Garden and Midas site on Military Road into a 100-apartment mixed-use development.

The SSDA, lodged with investment partner Phoenix Property Investors, proposes around $230 million worth of new housing on the prominent <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/494-516-military-road-mosman-nsw-2088">494-516 Military Road</a> site.

The proposal comes as Mosman Council continues to progress its recently endorsed Masterplan, which identifies the precinct for increased housing density while maintaining the suburb's established character.

Designed by DKO Architecture, the development would comprise 100 apartments above ground-floor retail, with a rooftop wellness precinct including a gym, sauna, entertaining areas and landscaped communal spaces.

Rather than pushing to the full 12-storey height identified in Council's Masterplan, the proposal ranges between five and nine storeys, stepping down towards Hale Road. A tenth level would accommodate resident amenities rather than additional apartments.

The project has been designed to appeal to a broad range of buyers, from first home buyers and young professionals through to families and local downsizers looking to remain on the Lower North Shore.

<img alt="Mosman" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5dada03f-5b4c-43ba-ba62-2868add31440" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-27%20at%209.57.55%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=7LBy0B.Jo8_iWAFJsClcV7Q3UnXrv49r" />

Abadeen Executive Chairman Justin Brown said the apartments had been designed as genuine long-term homes rather than investor-focused stock.

"The apartments have been designed as genuine long-term homes, with efficient floorplans that maximise usable living areas, generous storage, natural light and strong connections between indoor and outdoor spaces," Brown says."

"We've focused on creating homes for a broad range of buyers, from first home buyers and growing families through to downsizers who want to remain in Mosman."

The rooftop wellness offering forms a key part of the proposal, with residents set to have access to a gym, sauna, outdoor entertaining spaces, communal dining areas, landscaped gardens and a multi-use recreation court overlooking Sydney Harbour.

<img alt="Mosman" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d37c2d6b-583a-4a0f-b7a9-9f46b893d2f4" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-27%20at%209.58.06%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=FPoa5FCm2RtzjhAh2w5FTWJbV6GHfY8D" />

DKO drew heavily on the site's natural and cultural history, undertaking a Connecting with Country process with local Aboriginal Elders to inform the architectural and landscape design.

Senior Associate Matthew Ritchard said the design sought to create a building that responded to both the site's landscape and its cultural significance.

"The architectural language of the project is a deep expression of Connecting with Country, where the materiality and colour palette serve as a bridge between the site's geological history and its future as a residential sanctuary."

The proposal also retains the site's established blue gum tree as the centrepiece of the communal landscaped gardens, while introducing activated retail fronting Military Road to strengthen the connection between Mosman and Cremorne villages.

If approved, the project would deliver 100 new homes within walking distance of shops, public transport, schools and local amenities, adding to the limited pipeline of new apartments on the Lower North Shore.

<h2>Project Snapshot</h2>

Project: Honeysuckle Garden Redevelopment

Address: 494-516 Military Road, Mosman

Developer: Abadeen and Phoenix Property Investors

Architect: DKO Architecture

Lead Architect: Matthew Ritchard

Value: $230 million

Residences: 100 apartments

Key features:

<ul>
	<li>
	Ground-floor retail
	</li>
	<li>
	Rooftop wellness precinct
	</li>
	<li>
	Gym and sauna
	</li>
	<li>
	Outdoor entertaining and BBQ areas
	</li>
	<li>
	Landscaped communal gardens
	</li>
	<li>
	Multi-use recreation court
	</li>
	<li>
	Retained mature blue gum tree
	</li>
	<li>
	Connecting with Country design process
	</li>
	<li>
	Harbour, CBD and Balmoral views from upper-level apartments
	</li>
</ul>

Abadeen Executive Chairman Justin Brown said the apartments had been designed as genuine long-term homes rather than investor-focused stock

First look: Abadeen plans 100 apartments on former Honeysuckle Garden site in Mosman

Recovery

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EXPERT OBSERVER
Regional area index data for SA4 regions produced by CoreLogic is showing early signs of improving housing market conditions, predominately across Sydney and Melbourne and with some level of improvement in the areas where values previously recorded comparatively large falls.
Over the three months to July 2019, national dwelling values continued to decline, falling by -0.5%, however, the monthly rate of decline has been slowing right throughout 2019 with no change in values throughout the month of July.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/8/30/SA4%203.JPG" alt="">
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/8/30/SA4%204.JPG" alt="">
The improvement in market conditions was more evident across the combined capital cities, while the combined regional markets have seen the magnitude of declines trend higher throughout 2019.
The improvement in housing market conditions is largely being driven by a slowing rate of decline in values in Sydney and Melbourne throughout 2019 with increases over the past two months.
Melbourne is the only city where values increases occured over the past three months (0.1%) while a several cities recorded slower rates of decline. Dwelling values remained lower than when at their peak across all 46 capital city SA4 regions; the magnitude of declines varied greatly from city-to-city and within the individual capital cities.
While values are now lower than their peak across all SA4 regions, 13 individual regions have either recorded an increase in value or avoided declines over the past three months.
Analysis of the 13 regions where values did not fall over the past three months where in areas that have previously seen comparatively large value declines from their peak. To July 2019, Sydney dwelling values have fallen -14.7% from their peak.
Over the past three months, seven Sydney regions have avoided falls and Baulkham Hills and Hawkesbury (-15.7%), Inner West (- 15.9%), North Sydney and Hornsby (-15.4%) and Sutherland (-16.7%) have each recorded larger overall falls than the Sydney benchmark.
It is a similar story for Melbourne, four SA4 regions have avoided value falls over the past three months, two of which were the Inner East and Inner South which have seen some of the largest overall declines of all Melbourne regions, down - 15.0% and -14.4% from peak respectively. Outside of regions of Sydney and Melbourne, Hobart and Adelaide’s North have also recorded an increase in values over the past three months.
Only 15 of the 46 capital city SA4 regions have recorded falls in excess of 1.0% over the past three months.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/8/30/SA4%201.JPG" alt="">
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/8/30/SA4%202.JPG" alt="">
Several combined regional markets are not showing the same early signs of a market recovery that was visible for the capital city markets. Furthermore, some regional markets have seen significant overall declines. For the capital cities, Mandurah in Perth experienced the largest overall decline in values (-35.7%), while three regional markets have recorded larger total falls.
Of the 42 regional SA4 areas, 16 have either recorded an increase in values or no decline over the past three months which is greater than the 13 amongst the capital cities.
The reason for the declining regional values, and with little to no real signs of an improvement, is more to do with the fact that most of the larger regional markets continue to record value falls.
What is interesting is that some of the markets that have recorded significant value falls over recent years have actually recorded value increases over the past three months. Most of these are located in Qld: Townsville, Cairns, Central Qld and Mackay-Isaac Whitsunday while Outback SA has seen the largest value increase over the three months despite values being more than 20% below their peak.
Unlike the capital city SA4 regions, two regional markets have managed to avoid declines with values sitting at record-highs. These regions are West and North West Tas and South East SA. The more populous regional markets continued to record value falls over the past three months with areas like Townsville, Cairns, Richmond-Tweed, Toowoomba and Launceston and North East the main exceptions.
Larger regional areas such as Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, Geelong, Illawarra and Bunbury have continued to see values fall. Overall early signs are emerging to suggest that the housing market has stabilized, however, this evidence is much more prevalent in capital cities than regional markets.
Within the capital cities, the research concluded that improved conditions are mainly being driven by Sydney and Melbourne and interestingly, in many instances it is those areas where values have recorded larger declines over recent years that are showing the largest improvement.
Over the coming months it will be interesting to see if the improvement continues and whether it spreads from Sydney and Melbourne to other capital cities and regional markets.
CAMERON KUSHER is the head of research for the Australian branch of CoreLogic
Kusher regularly posts on the <a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/news" target="_blank">CoreLogic website</a>.
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ckusher-ujnxiKuFQs

Regional markets have seen the magnitude of declines trend higher throughout 2019: CoreLogic's Cameron Kusher

<html><body>
EXPERT OBSERVER
The performance of the housing market can vary dramatically from region to region, but also across the different product types and value ranges. 
Splitting the market into quartiles can provide a better understanding of which sectors are firing and which ones are lagging.
In Sydney and Melbourne its clearly the prestige end of the market that is driving the strongest capital gains, with values up 4.2% and 4.6% over the September quarter across the top quartile of the market.
This was also the sector that recorded the largest decline during the down phase, with Sydney’s top quartile properties remaining 13.6% below their previous peak while Melbourne’s top quartile properties are still 11.9% below their peak.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/10/4/Lawless%20dwelling%20values%201.JPG" alt="">
Brisbane is showing stronger growth conditions across the middle to lower valued properties where values are 0.8% and 0.7% higher over the quarter.
During the downturn the middle to lower priced segments of the market were also more resilient to falls than the top end.
Similarly, Adelaide is showing better resilience to falling values across the more affordable end of the market while the top quartile records the largest declines over both the quarter (down 1.2%) and cumulatively (down 3.5% since peaking). The opposite is true in Perth were the high end of the market has been a little more resilient to falling values.
While each of the broad valuation cohorts has recorded a sustained drop in values, the reduction has been less severe across Perth’s top quartile where values are down 16.5% since peaking compared with a 27.8% decline across the lower quartile.
Hobart has been one of the strongest markets over the past few years, however with affordability constraints becoming more pressing, the lower quartile properties are showing a better performance relative to more expensive properties.
The lower quartile saw a 1.4% rise in housing values over the September quarter after posting a smaller loss relative to the top quartile.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/10/4/Lawless%20dwelling%20values%202.JPG" alt="">
Darwin’s housing market has been doing it tough since 2014, however the September quarter has seen the lower and middle quartiles actually record a subtle increase in housing values while the upper quartile continues to record heavy loss.
All three of the broad valuation cohorts have recorded material declines in values since peaking, demonstrating the broad based declines across Darwin's housing market.
Canberra’s upper quartile housing is the only broad housing segment across the capital cities where values were at a record high at the end of the September quarter.
Values are rising across all three of the broad market segments, however it’s the top quartile where growth is strongest.
The different performances of the housing market across broad valuation groups highlights how diverse conditions can be below the surface.
Factors such as housing affordability, lending policies, market cycles and local economic and demographic conditions can have a significant baring on market activity
TIM LAWLESS is the CoreLogic head of research
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tlawless-5VLUrbAk9s

Expensive properties are driving the market rebound: Tim Lawless

<html><body>
Sales results from 195 projects representing a sample of 23% of active apartments surveyed across Perth, Brisbane, The Gold Coast, Sydney and Melbourne study areas. 
2,300 projects monitored across all stages of potential new supply.
Data in the second quarter of 2020 (April to June) represents the first full quarter of COVID-19 trading in Australia following measures introduced in March to contain the virus.
Impact on off the plan sales can be seen with the clearance of available stock dropping to 10% as a national average. Whilst this represents a 5 percentage point drop on the previous quarter (which registered 15%), the speed of sale for the quarter remains comparable to the average over the last 18 months (10%).
Prior to COVID19 the apartment market was showing signs of momentum on the back of wider housing market growth. The first signs of impact from COVID-19 are visible in the second quarter, although demand levels have remained at similar levels seen this time last year in Q2 2019 data. 
New Apartment Rents
Data from the Urbis Rental Tracker shows well located new apartments continue to attract a premium over the wider market rent but have also been impacted in the short term by restricted people movement and economic challenges.
New product rents peaked in February in most markets nationally.  Rapid drops in rent were seen in March (6%) and April (3%) as inner-city markets were hit by a halt to in-migration and a spike in listings (average listing volume is 14% up on this time last year).  However, this quickly stabilised in June and July indicating the rental market has been able to adjust to supply and demand conditions rapidly. 
New Apartment Supply
New Project Launches have continued to decline, enabling existing stock to be absorbed. Only 23 new projects launched nationally in Quarter 2 2020 – compared to 60 projects a year ago in Quarter 2 2019.
Data for the first half of 2020 follows a continued downward trend. If the current rate of launches were to continue for the remainder of 2020 this would bring the annual total to around half the volume of projects launched in 2019, which was already half the average of the previous four years.
With the volume launching, in marketing and under construction all diminishing, market attention switches to absorbing newly completed stock. This offers buyers the advantage of viewing the finished product and suits those residents seeking a move in the short term. Owner occupiers were the most active purchaser group in each state surveyed in the quarter.
Across all projects there is an overall reduction in volume selling of 8% compared to this time last year with further reductions in volume to come given the declining launch rate.
Change in volume of apartments selling nationally by project status
While the apartment market adjusts to changing conditions, any associated reduction in housing delivery impacts upon economic activity in the short term and housing supply and affordability in the longer term.  Therefore, we expect stimulus and innovation to be in focus in the year ahead as industry and government seek to sustain housing production throughout the cycle.
This presents opportunities to stimulate build to rent housing supply and more diverse tenure options that help meet the absorption of current stock and affordability needs of customers.
The Melbourne market
Like the national results, speed of sale dropped in Melbourne from 11% of available stock clearing in Q1 2020 to 9% in Q2 2020 as prices held firm.
The apparent resilience of the market, much like the people of Melbourne will continue to be tested throughout the lockdown periods of 2020.
The supply story in Melbourne was mixed for the quarter. The volume of new project sales launches continued to trend down, with only 6 new projects launched in the quarter, compared to a quarterly average of 19 throughout 2019. However, approvals increased in the quarter to levels last seen in Q4 2018.
This bucking of the trend on approvals reflects the proactive response from government in fast-tracking shovel ready projects and the confidence of the development industry in Melbourne’s future.  This is encouraging for supporting future supply as the market recovers ground from the pause on demand placed by border and movement restrictions.
We expect further engagement will benefit housing delivery in this part of the cycle to drive economic activity in the short-term and speed up Melbourne’s response to future changes in demand.
National Build to Rent Insights
There has been an inverse between the build to sell apartment pipeline and that for Build to Rent, with build to sell supply declining and build to rent gaining momentum. 
We have seen decreasing rates of sale of available stock (exacerbated by COVID 19), leading to the increasing supply in apartments. 
Developers are shifting to Build to Rent, as an option to diversify their portfolio and reduce financial risk, while also moving sights quicker while there is minimal traction in the build to sell market.
APARTMENT SALES DOWN IN Q2 BUT SHOWING SIGNS OF RECOVERY New Apartment SalesSales results from 195 projects representing a sample of 23% of active apartments surveyed across Perth, Brisbane, The Gold Coast, Sydney and Melbourne study areas. 2,300 projects monitored across all stages of potential new supply.Data in the second quarter of 2020 (April to June) represents the first full quarter of COVID-19 trading in Australia following measures introduced in March to contain the virus.Impact on off the plan sales can be seen with the clearance of available stock dropping to 10% as a national average. Whilst this represents a 5 percentage point drop on the previous quarter (which registered 15%), the speed of sale for the quarter remains comparable to the average over the last 18 months (10%).Prior to COVID19 the apartment market was showing signs of momentum on the back of wider housing market growth. The first signs of impact from COVID-19 are visible in the second quarter, although demand levels have remained at similar levels seen this time last year in Q2 2019 data. New Apartment RentsData from the Urbis Rental Tracker shows well located new apartments continue to attract a premium over the wider market rent but have also been impacted in the short term by restricted people movement and economic challenges.New product rents peaked in February in most markets nationally.  Rapid drops in rent were seen in March (6%) and April (3%) as inner-city markets were hit by a halt to in-migration and a spike in listings (average listing volume is 14% up on this time last year).  However, this quickly stabilised in June and July indicating the rental market has been able to adjust to supply and demand conditions rapidly. New Apartment SupplyNew Project Launches have continued to decline, enabling existing stock to be absorbed. Only 23 new projects launched nationally in Quarter 2 2020 – compared to 60 projects a year ago in Quarter 2 2019.Data for the first half of 2020 follows a continued downward trend. If the current rate of launches were to continue for the remainder of 2020 this would bring the annual total to around half the volume of projects launched in 2019, which was already half the average of the previous four years.With the volume launching, in marketing and under construction all diminishing, market attention switches to absorbing newly completed stock. This offers buyers the advantage of viewing the finished product and suits those residents seeking a move in the short term. Owner occupiers were the most active purchaser group in each state surveyed in the quarter.Across all projects there is an overall reduction in volume selling of 8% compared to this time last year with further reductions in volume to come given the declining launch rate.Change in volume of apartments selling nationally by project statusWhile the apartment market adjusts to changing conditions, any associated reduction in housing delivery impacts upon economic activity in the short term and housing supply and affordability in the longer term.  Therefore, we expect stimulus and innovation to be in focus in the year ahead as industry and government seek to sustain housing production throughout the cycle.This presents opportunities to stimulate build to rent housing supply and more diverse tenure options that help meet the absorption of current stock and affordability needs of customers.The Melbourne marketLike the national results, speed of sale dropped in Melbourne from 11% of available stock clearing in Q1 2020 to 9% in Q2 2020 as prices held firm.The apparent resilience of the market, much like the people of Melbourne will continue to be tested throughout the lockdown periods of 2020.The supply story in Melbourne was mixed for the quarter. The volume of new project sales launches continued to trend down, with only 6 new projects launched in the quarter, compared to a quarterly average of 19 throughout 2019. However, approvals increased in the quarter to levels last seen in Q4 2018.This bucking of the trend on approvals reflects the proactive response from government in fast-tracking shovel ready projects and the confidence of the development industry in Melbourne’s future.  This is encouraging for supporting future supply as the market recovers ground from the pause on demand placed by border and movement restrictions.We expect further engagement will benefit housing delivery in this part of the cycle to drive economic activity in the short-term and speed up Melbourne’s response to future changes in demand. National Build to Rent Insights There has been an inverse between the build to sell apartment pipeline and that for Build to Rent, with build to sell supply declining and build to rent gaining momentum. We have seen decreasing rates of sale of available stock (exacerbated by COVID 19), leading to the increasing supply in apartments. Developers are shifting to Build to Rent, as an option to diversify their portfolio and reduce financial risk, while also moving sights quicker while there is minimal traction in the build to sell market. 
 
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Apartment sales showing signs of recovery: URBIS

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GUEST OBSERVER
The announcement of stage 4 restrictions in Victoria marks a new, and depressing, stage in Australia’s response to COVID-19.<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/brendan-coates-154644"></a>
The new measures will close non-essential retailers and most <a href="https://theconversation.com/victorias-child-care-shutdown-is-a-hard-blow-for-working-mothers-143837">child-care centres</a> across Melbourne, and impose stringent controls on industries such as meatworks and construction. The Victorian government estimates the measures will stop a further <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-03/victoria-coronavirus-cases-up-429-more-businesses-forced-to-shut/12517344">250,000 workers</a> from travelling to work.
The Victorian economy will probably be <a href="https://theconversation.com/eradicating-the-covid-19-coronavirus-is-also-the-best-economic-strategy-136488">better off</a> with this sharper, hopefully shorter lockdown than persisting with Stage 3 restrictions for many months.
The federal government has taken the sensible step of announcing pandemic leave disaster payments of $1,500 for those Victorians that need to isolate for 14 days. But it will need to do more to help Victorian businesses and households make it safely to the other side.
Victoria was already struggling before stage 4
Even before Sunday’s announcement of Stage 4 restrictions, economic activity in Melbourne was back down to similar levels to the first shutdown. Movement around the city, as measured by the number of times people used Apple Maps to get directions, was about half its February level.
By comparison, in Perth (where the virus has been effectively suppressed) drivers were out and about a little more than in February. Sydney was more or less back to normal, with a slight dip at the end of July as people curtailed their movements a little. Across all three cities public transport use remains dramatically below its normal levels, with Melbourne much further away from normal than Sydney and especially Perth.
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/350806/original/file-20200803-14-nshjlb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="">
Movement in three cities.
The number of jobs in Victoria was <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/D90A6BA872BC19D7CA25854F008214D1?opendocument">7.3% lower</a> in mid-July than in mid-March, a deeper fall than any other state. In inner Melbourne, the number of jobs was down nearly 10% from mid-March levels. Eight of the ten federal electorates hardest-hit by job losses are now in Victoria. Without JobKeeper, the picture would be much worse.
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/350808/original/file-20200803-16-18cxz7a.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="">
Jobs in three states.
Under the new restrictions on workplaces in Melbourne, employment in construction, manufacturing and retail will plummet. These industries employ about 900,000 Victorians between them. Not all of these people will be thrown out of work, but many will.
JobKeeper and JobSeeker are needed even more
The federal government should reconsider <a href="https://theconversation.com/bowing-out-gracefully-how-theyll-wind-down-and-better-target-jobkeeper-143011">its plans</a> to begin winding back JobKeeper and JobSeeker payments after September. JobKeeper is set to fall from A$1,500 to A$1,200 for full-time workers, and to A$750 for part-timers. And JobSeeker falls from $1,215 to $815 a fortnight.
These income-support programs were absolutely necessary in March when Stage 3 restrictions were imposed. They are even more necessary now, as Stage 4 restrictions put an even tighter clamp on economic activity, stretching many businesses to breaking point and throwing more Victorians out of work.
The “<a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-get-both-jobkeeper-and-jobseeker-143109">tapering</a>” of these support payments clearly cannot happen from late September, as currently scheduled.
By the end of September Victoria will hopefully be out of Stage 4 restrictions. But at best Melbourne will be back to Stage 3, the same level of restrictions for which the federal government to introduced the JobKeeper and the JobSeeker schemes.
The eligibility rules for JobKeeper should also be reconsidered.
Some businesses whose revenue did not fall enough to qualify for JobKeeper in March will now take a bigger hit. Other companies that qualified in March but saw a rebound in June will be excluded by the current rules from receiving JobKeeper beyond September.
The federal government COVID-19 <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-03/federal-government-to-create-disaster-payment-coronavirus-leave/12518580">“disaster payment” </a> should help address the crucial problem of those without paid leave entitlements being forced to choose between self-isolating and going to work to pay their bills. But the scheme is palliative rather than preventative, since it only applies in states once community transmission has ramped up to disaster levels.
Two-speed economy
The diverging fortunes of Victoria and the rest of Australia gives new meaning to the term “<a href="https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/02_Resources_boom.pdf">two-speed economy</a>”.
The federal government may be reluctant to do what’s needed just for one state, given the recovery is progressing elsewhere, but that would be a mistake. Victoria accounts for one quarter of the national economy. There is no “<a href="https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/victoria-to-help-foot-the-bill-in-state-of-disaster-20200802-p55hrl">moral hazard</a>” here. No state is going to allow thousands of its citizens to catch a deadly virus on the expectation the federal government will turn on the fiscal taps.
The federal government should waste no time wrangling over who pays the costs of getting through the crisis. Trying to split the bill with Victoria will take valuable time, and only concentrate costs on the state hardest hit by the crisis.
Last week the federal government finalised arrangements to borrow A$15 billion through <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-government-has-just-sold-15-billion-of-31-year-bonds-but-what-actually-is-a-bond-143598">issuing 31-year bonds</a>. These bonds have a fixed interest rate of 1.94%, below the bottom of the Reserve Bank’s inflation target band.
 
That means investors buying the bonds were willing to lend money to the federal government and most likely get back less, in inflation-adjusted terms, three decades from now. And investors were queuing up to buy them. In fact the government could have sold <a href="https://www.aofm.gov.au/program/forthcoming-transactions/pricing-new-june-2051-treasury-bond">A$37 billion worth</a>, rather than A$15 billion.
The federal government should use this ample fiscal firepower to ensure Victorians get through this crisis. Australia’s economy won’t recover unless Victoria does too.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/143840/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/brendan-coates-154644">Brendan Coates</a>, Program Director, Household Finances, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/grattan-institute-1168">Grattan Institute</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/matthew-cowgill-729072">Matthew Cowgill</a>, Senior Associate, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/grattan-institute-1168">Grattan Institute</a>
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/australia-wont-recover-unless-victoria-does-too-the-federal-government-must-step-up-143840">original article</a>.
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Australia won't recover unless Victoria does too

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Gone are the days when economic policy was adjusted once each year by the government in the budget and fine-tuned once each month at meetings of the Reserve Bank board.
The coroanvirus means we haven’t had a budget in <a href="https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/josh-frydenberg-2018/media-releases/2020-21-budget-announcement">more than a year</a>. What the Reserve Bank has done to interest rates means its monthly board meetings matter less.
Governor Philip Lowe reaffirmed this week that monetary policy was <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2020/sp-gov-2020-07-21">on hold</a> for the foreseeable future. The bank’s cash rate is as low as it can go (actually well <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2020/images/sp-dg-2020-06-30-graph03.gif">below</a> its 0.25% target) and the bank will only intervene in the bond market if it has to in order to keep bond rates low (which it doesn’t — the demand for even the rush of new bond issues is <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/record-australian-government-bond-auction-coronavirus-covid-19/12158390">much bigger</a> than the supply).
It has lobbed the ball to Frydenberg’s side of the court.
The only situation in which it might be brought back into play is if the government ran into funding problems, of which there is no sign whatsoever.
Holding the racket
The treasurer’s problem is sequencing, and we will are likely to get hints on how he’ll play it in the <a href="https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/josh-frydenberg-2018/media-releases/update-economic-and-fiscal-outlook">economic statement</a> to be released today.
The first challenge was to limit the damage to the economy from the initial shock near the start of the year — to stop a vicious cycle of weaker spending, plummeting investment and soaring unemployment.
These self-reinforcing crises required a circuit breaker.
The emergency stimulus provided through Jobkeeper and Jobseeker has been a great success at putting a floor under incomes and demand.
The government ensured a basic income for people whose jobs were axed or at risk, kept hundreds of thousands attached to their jobs and bolstered household incomes despite a massive loss of activity. It gets a tick.
But these emergency measures will not get the economy going again once the crisis has eased.
Some argue they will stand in the way of a recovery if they keep people ensconced on benefits or attached to firms without futures.
A tricky transition
Phase two will require genuine fiscal stimulus: not a security blanket of the kind we have had, but a direct injection of money that will spark a new wave of investment and employment.
The trick is to sequence it properly.
The announced tapering of <a href="https://theconversation.com/bowing-out-gracefully-how-theyll-wind-down-and-better-target-jobkeeper-143011">JobKeeper</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-get-both-jobkeeper-and-jobseeker-143109">JobSeeker</a> will cut incomes and cut jobs as firms pay people less and realign staff levels in line with lower subsidies.
The government believes it has got it right, but it is forecasting an 80% drop in JobKeeper payments between September and the end of the year. It might not be a <a href="https://theconversation.com/whatll-happen-when-the-moneys-snatched-back-our-looming-coronavirus-support-cliff-138527">cliff</a> but it is still a very steep slope that will need to be matched by a sharp recovery in economic activity.
It needs to be ready to revise the timetable as needed. Its current projections look like a best case scenario.
An unknowable stage two
The second stage will involve a good deal of spending on infrastructure. But, especially without certainty about immigration, it is hard to tell what will be needed.
The pandemic will have changed the way we work and play. It is not yet clear whether people take advantage of remote working and move out of congested cities. it is not yet clear what it will mean for digital health, digital education and digital shopping.
An even-harder stage three
The final stage will involve structural reforms; alterations to tax settings, regulations and industrial relations. Which is where it gets really hard. It will require not only sequencing but getting agreement across the political divide.
No civil society can base its economic and social structures on the mere desire for efficiency. Fairness and social justice matter just as much, and they can best be guaranteed if the measures are pulled together as a package with trade-offs that protect the values that matter to Australians.
That’ll be Frydenberg’s biggest challenge. The future doesn’t need to be rushed out this week, or in the October Budget, but in the months to come it’ll have to take shape.
 
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/warren-hogan-530397">Warren Hogan</a>, Industry Professor, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-technology-sydney-936">University of Technology Sydney</a>
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/frydenbergs-three-stage-economic-recovery-is-abominably-hard-to-get-right-142841">original article</a>.
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Frydenberg's three-stage economic recovery is abominably hard to get right

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GUEST OBSERVER
What do <a href="https://bicyclensw.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/966-0320-Summary-of-Principles-for-Good-Bike-Infrastructure-070520.pdf">bike paths</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/city-temperatures-and-city-economics-a-hidden-relationship-between-sun-and-wind-and-profits-116064">walk-friendly streets</a> have to do with economic recovery from a pandemic-induced <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-will-the-coronavirus-recession-compare-with-the-worst-in-australias-history-136379">recession</a>? How could removing a car parking space <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-13/every-study-ever-conducted-on-the-impact-converting-street-parking-into-bike-lanes-has-on-businesses">benefit a local business</a>? Instead of considering such questions, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101486">building roads for cars</a> is often seen as the obvious answer to “kick-start” the economy.
In this article, we explain how cycling and walking infrastructure is a better investment for recovery. Every kilometre walked or cycled has an <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2008.11.001">economic</a> <a href="https://www.atap.gov.au/mode-specific-guidance/active-travel/5-estimation-of-benefits">benefit</a> by reducing traffic congestion and vehicle operating costs, improving health and the environment, and saving on infrastructure spending. It’s <a href="https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/physical-activity/publications/2008/economic-analyses-of-transport-infrastructure-and-policies-including-health-effects-related-to-cycling-and-walking-a-systematic-review">estimated</a> every dollar invested in cycling infrastructure may reap up to five dollars’ worth of benefits.
In Australia, however, walking and cycling only receive between <a href="https://bicyclensw.org.au/lagging-behind-the-pack-correction/">0.1%</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/cycling-and-walking-are-short-changed-when-it-comes-to-transport-funding-in-australia-92574">2%</a> of transport budgets.
A sustained lack of investment is one reason only <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/7DD5DC715B608612CA2581BF001F8404?OpenDocument">5% of trips to work</a> in Australia are by foot or bicycle. Yet the majority of city journeys are <a href="https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/-/media/ProgramsandProjects/PlanningHealthyEnvironments/Attachments/vhtransch3.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=BD49C15BA932B97CF11275C5EE7CEA85A17176F3">short enough to walk or cycle</a> for most people.
With <a href="https://theconversation.com/cars-rule-as-coronavirus-shakes-up-travel-trends-in-our-cities-142175">people now shunning public transport</a>, our roads are becoming even more congested. In a win-win scenario, walk-friendly and bike-friendly <a href="https://healthyactivebydesign.com.au/design-features/movement-networks">design</a> can improve driving conditions, because fewer vehicles clog the roads. So instead of just building roads, is now not the time also to invest in <a href="https://healthyactivebydesign.com.au/design-features/movement-networks">proper</a> walking and cycling infrastructure?
 
Road building versus path building
Road building is typically <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101486">depoliticised</a> and so is widely <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101486">seen as a legitimate way</a> to stimulate economic growth. But simply building more roads may not reduce traffic or speed up journey times in the long term.
Road building leads to more traffic through <a href="https://theconversation.com/do-more-roads-really-mean-less-congestion-for-commuters-39508">induced car use</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101486">car dependence</a>. If the default option for short journeys is driving, <a href="https://theconversation.com/rethinking-traffic-congestion-to-make-our-cities-more-like-the-places-we-want-them-to-be-111614">congestion ultimately gets worse</a> as the population grows.
Australians make <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyreleasedate/7DD5DC715B608612CA2581BF001F8404?OpenDocument">three-quarters</a> of all trips to work by car. Most have no passengers.
Yet more than half of car journeys in cities are <a href="https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/-/media/ProgramsandProjects/PlanningHealthyEnvironments/Attachments/vhtransch3.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=BD49C15BA932B97CF11275C5EE7CEA85A17176F3">shorter than 5km</a>. These trips would be <a href="https://www.atap.gov.au/mode-specific-guidance/active-travel/5-estimation-of-benefits">well suited to walking and cycling</a>. <a href="https://healthyactivebydesign.com.au/design-features/movement-networks">Safe and enticing</a> walkable streets and cycling paths are key to inducing this swap.
Australia has already committed billions of dollars to <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/first-look-inside-sydney-s-3-billion-northconnex-tunnel-20200622-p554zh">road-building</a> projects as well as community infrastructure to “<a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=301290454378292&amp;ref=watch_permalink">grow out of the COVID-19 recession</a>”. Ultimately, though, if we want less traffic, we need to invest more of this money in walkable streetscapes and safe separated bike paths.
This investment will increase walking and cycling, leading to the many benefits that flow from these behaviours. And enticing people out of their <a href="https://theconversation.com/to-get-people-out-of-cars-we-need-to-know-why-they-drive-27279">comfy cars</a> for short journeys will result in fewer trips by car.
 
What transport budgets tell us
Comparing Australian budgets to other countries’ investment in active transport modes, we’re not doing well. Budgets would have to increase at least tenfold to achieve the United Nations recommendation that <a href="https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/31600/download?token=jJbDKsE3">20% of the transport budget</a> be invested in “non-motorised transport”.
And many countries have moved rapidly to commit major investments to cycling and walking since COVID-19. For example, <a href="https://static.rasset.ie/documents/news/2020/06/draft-programme-for-govt.pdf">Ireland</a> recently committed <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2020/06/15/former-bike-shop-owner-soon-to-be-irelands-prime-minister-secures-1-million-a-day-for-5-years-boost-for-walking-and-cycling/#bd04c8a5c012">billions of euros</a> to walking and cycling infrastructure, equivalent to 20% of its transport budget.
Considering our lack of investment, it’s easy to see why Australia is car-dependent. This is despite Australia having both great <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692314001951">weather</a> and <a href="https://bicyclensw.org.au/big-country-wider-car-lanes/">wide roads</a> to accommodate increased space for cycling and walking.
An equity issue
<a href="https://profile.id.com.au/australia/car-ownership">Many</a> Australians, for reasons of disadvantage, disability or age, may not have access to a car. The typical cost of owning a car is <a href="https://www.savings.com.au/car-loans/ongoing-car-costs">A$300 per week</a>. Increasing spending on walking and cycling infrastructure will therefore improve equity by helping low-income earners and others who need inexpensive mobility.
Poor active transport infrastructure disproportionately disadvantages women. They cycle less than men and report a need for the safety of separated cycleways among other infrastructure.
Poor infrastructure also <a href="https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/relationship-between-transport-and-disadvantage-austr">limits</a> children, older adults and people living with a disability from accessing the services they need. Many older Australians depend on public transport and on the quality of the walking environment around their homes and their most common destinations.
On average, <a href="https://www.budgetdirect.com.au/car-insurance/research/car-accident-statistics">three people a day die</a> on Australian roads. Fewer car trips would help reduce the road toll. Similarly, increased investments in separated spaces for cycling and walking, as well as lower speeds on local streets, will reduce collisions between cars and bikes, as well as pedestrian-motorist conflicts.
COVID-19 provides a unique opportunity
COVID-19 has led to a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/apr/22/bicycles-are-the-new-toilet-paper-bike-sales-boom-as-coronavirus-lockdown-residents-crave-exercise">boom</a> in bicycle sales, <a href="https://t.co/uzUch4mVEH?amp=1">reduced</a> speed limits, wider footpaths, <a href="https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/media-releases/new-pop-up-cycleways-to-help-us-get-back-to-work-and-school">pop-up</a> bicycle <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/car-parks-out-footpaths-and-cycling-lanes-in-as-city-prepares-for-post-covid-commuters-20200507-p54qrp">lanes</a>, increased walking and <a href="https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.13405">new cyclists</a>. Some of this has come about following <a href="https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/6736341/why-city-needs-to-be-put-on-a-road-diet/?cs=4464">calls</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-dBhS2mhOX6y8aH6MWYfg1J483Bz8o8j/view">for</a> “<a href="https://www.spaceforhealth.org/">Space For Health</a>”.
We should “<a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=301290454378292&amp;ref=watch_permalink">grow out of the COVID-19 recession</a>” by building back better through investment to sustain this increase in walking and cycling. Our call to action is therefore:
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/347548/original/file-20200715-27-3i49wz.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="A call to action for COVID-19 Walking and Cycling Infrastructure Investment"> 
While Australia’s cities have invested in walking and cycling during the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s less than some <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2020/02/10/prime-minister-boris-johnson-pledges-5-billion-in-new-cash-for-buses-and-bicycle-infrastructure/#8b1ff706df6f">other</a> countries have invested. For example, Paris has accelerated the installation of <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2020/04/22/paris-to-create-650-kilometers-of-pop-up-corona-cycleways-for-post-lockdown-travel/#13d8daa654d4">650km</a> of cycleways by removing <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2020/04/22/paris-to-create-650-kilometers-of-pop-up-corona-cycleways-for-post-lockdown-travel/#13d8daa654d4">72% of its on-street parking</a>. Scotland is proposing to “<a href="https://www.livingstreets.org.uk/media/5413/walk-back-better-national-walking-strategy-delivery-forum-statement.pdf">Walk Back Better</a>” from COVID-19
It is good to see investment in Australian cities increasing. But now is the time to help kick-start our COVID-19 recovery by investing more in walking and cycling, and to reap the many benefits for the Australian community.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/142176/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/matthew-mclaughlin-346591">Matthew Mclaughlin</a>, PhD Candidate, School of Medicine and Public Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/trevor-shilton-306978">Trevor Shilton</a>, Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/curtin-university-873">Curtin University</a>
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/cycling-and-walking-can-help-drive-australias-recovery-but-not-with-less-than-2-of-transport-budgets-142176">original article</a>.
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Cycling and walking can help drive Australia's recovery

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GUEST OBSERVATION
As Australia begins to plot a recovery strategy from the first recession in the country in decades, the Morrison government needs to examine what has worked well in the past.
Crises require strong leadership, national cohesion and a framework for carrying out recovery efforts on a grand scale.
As such, there is a case to be made for a new Commonwealth agency to lead the recovery effort, built on the model of the Department of Post-War Reconstruction that helped Australia emerge from the turmoil of the second world war.
<h2>In December 1942, Prime Minister John Curtin established the Department of Post-War Reconstruction. Even though the war was still raging, its task was to begin planning and coordinating Australia’s transition to a peacetime economy.</h2>
The department brought together a talented group of officials, many of them from the new discipline of economics, to advise the government. Its establishment reflected the efforts to which the Commonwealth government went after the war to professionalise the Australian public service.
The department did not have a large staff. It was devised as a policy department that would coordinate the work of other agencies. The treasurer, Ben Chifley, was appointed the first minister for post-war reconstruction. H. C. “Nugget” Coombs, one of Australia’s “seven dwarfs”, named for their diminutive stature, was his first departmental secretary.
One of the major successes of the department was its contribution to the full-employment policy, a goal set by post-war governments to achieve a higher standard of living and regular employment for all Australians after the war.
To that end, the department helped establish a new employment agency, the Commonwealth Employment Service, to match workers with jobs. It also helped overhaul the social welfare system and create the pharmaceutical benefits scheme.
Full employment became a bipartisan policy goal throughout the economic “golden age” from the end of the war to the 1970s. The policy was so popular that even the smallest deviation from it, such as during the “credit squeeze” of 1960-61, almost cost the Menzies government re-election.
The Department of Post-War Reconstruction didn’t succeed in pushing through sweeping new federal powers for reconstruction in a 1944 referendum. Nonetheless, it found ingenious ways to foster Commonwealth-state cooperation, for instance, through section 96 grants (which provided federal funding to the states on terms and conditions set by the Commonwealth), and the federal funding of housing, hospitals and later universities in the states.
New Commonwealth-state bodies were also devised to support the coal and aluminium industries. The Commonwealth and NSW state Joint Coal Board, for example, completely revamped the almost moribund NSW black coal industry. A revived and mechanised NSW coal industry became internationally competitive and a significant export earner for Australia by the 1970s.
On the international front, Chifley and Coombs supported Australia’s participation in the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, which reinvented the global financial system based on fixed exchange rates with the US dollar as a reserve currency. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were also established at the time.
Chifley and Coombs supported the new international arrangements because they understood the revival of the global economy was essential for Australia’s own prosperity. As they hoped, the Bretton Woods system, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Marshall Plan for western Europe all laid the global foundations for Australia’s domestic recovery.
<h2>How a post-pandemic agency might work</h2>
The federal government has already trialled a new policy-making agency during the COVID-19 pandemic with its “wartime” National Cabinet, which featured federal and state governments and their agencies working as one.
There are many ways a new economic recovery agency could build on the cohesion demonstrated by the National Cabinet and advise the Commonwealth government on rebuilding the economy.
Specifically, it could help replicate Curtin’s achievement in 1942 by advising on comprehensive reform of the Commonwealth-state taxation system. This process is already under way with several states calling for the substitution of land taxes for stamp duties.
A post-COVID-19 agency could also be involved in the revamping of the welfare system (post-JobKeeper/JobSeeker) to cope with the higher levels of unemployment and under-employment.
The agency could advise or coordinate a strategy for new infrastructure to create jobs, such as the building of hospitals, public housing and a transition to cleaner energy. Another possibility would be a return to independent petroleum refining, similar to Billy Hughes’s Commonwealth Oil Refineries that operated from 1919-52.
And a new agency could advise on reviving other major industries, such as tourism, the airlines, the higher education sector and even the banking system. During the Global Financial Crisis, the Rudd government had to underwrite loans to the banks and guarantee bank deposits. A major intervention may again be required.
Creating a Department of Post-War Reconstruction was considered by some to be the “boldest experiment” the country took after the war. And as a result, Australia’s post-war recovery was a remarkable success. This is what we need now – another bold experiment, in the spirit of bipartisanship.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/137899/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
David Lee is an Associate Professor of History at UNSW
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What we can learn from the successes of post-war reconstruction: David Lee

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The start of the Perth dwelling market recovery comes at an unfortunate time. In early 2020, the Perth dwelling market had four consecutive months of dwelling value increases, which is the longest stretch of capital growth since 2014.
The Perth dwelling market has a long road to recovery. By the end of April, the house market in Perth was -19.1% below its peak value at June 2014. Unit values have taken a larger hit, down -26.9% below the record high at July 2013.
Prior to COVID-19, most indicators for Western Australia were moving into an upswing. Unemployment had fallen from 6.9% to 5.2%, jobs growth was trending higher, population growth had bounced back to the highest level since 2014, housing supply was contained, and state final demand crept above the decade average.
But instead of momentum continuing from the trend seen at the start of the year, the onset of COVID-19 places it at the cusp of another downswing.
According to the 28-day rolling change in the daily hedonic index, Perth dwelling values have started to fall again. However, value falls have been mild at -0.2%. So far, Melbourne has seen the largest decline in property values in the wake of COVID-19, but even in Melbourne the change is less than 1%.
Weekly payroll data from the ABS, which provides an early preview of labour force conditions, shows job losses across WA have been slightly less severe than that across the rest of the country. The decline in payroll jobs across the state was 5.8% between the 14th of March and 2nd of May, as opposed to 7.3% Australia wide.
Perth has less exposure to industry sectors that have been heavily impacted by COVID-19, with 8.6% of the local workforce employed with the accommodation and food services and arts and recreation services sectors, compared with 9.1% nationally.
Despite heighted economic uncertainty, consumer sentiment levels have been improving. This is in line with a flattening of the curve and relaxation in social distancing policies, especially those specific to housing, new listing numbers are trending higher from their record lows.
Importantly, total listing numbers haven’t trended higher and are at the lowest level in ten years for this time of the year.
The trend towards a rise in new listings and consistently low total listings implies newly listed stock is being absorbed quickly by the market. As of late May, total listings were down 34.7% on where they were at the equivalent period in 2019.
Total listings across Perth counted in the 28 days to May 24th were just 13,962. Though this is a continued headwind to the real estate sector, it may be preserving stability in dwelling values.
What was once a drag on property could be a source of market stability
The strong link between mining and prosperity across WA created boom and bust conditions between 2011 and 2019. This extended to the property market. As mining investment declined significantly following a steel glut in China, job losses and resident departures across the state have left values in a downswing for years.
According to industry reporting, 2020 was the year mining investment would move through a trough, creating more jobs, and subsequent housing demand across WA. In fact, we were already seeing improving labour market and demographic trends through late 2019 and early 2020.
The past few weeks have seen an increasingly optimistic outlook for the mining sector because of a recovery in the Chinese economy. Some high frequency indicators such as coal consumption, traffic congestion and home sales suggest economic activity across China is at 90% of where it was pre-COVID-19.
Unlike recent tensions over trade in beef and barley, China is actually working to reduce barriers to iron ore imports, which is a major source of revenue for WA mining. The reason for rising iron ore demand is that Chinese steel producers expect a rise in government stimulus and infrastructure to spur production (which uses iron ore as an input).
This has contributed to a relatively strong rise in the value of iron ore and plans from some of Australia’s largest miners to boost production. Even without the relatively strong position of mining export commodities, work on mine sites may have been buoyed by long-term contracts and the relatively high liquidity of mining companies.
The mining sector has not been completely untouched by COVID-19. Some operations have been suspended, or capacity has been reduced in an effort to reduce the threat of infection at work sites. This is reflected in mining sector payroll job losses across WA, of 6.4% between the 14th of March and the 2nd of May.
However, mining companies remain optimistic. BHP signalled steel production over 2020 may even be slightly higher than in 2019 if a second outbreak of COVID-19 could be avoided.
Renewed vitality in the mining sector, and the subsequent boost to economic activity, is likely to provide some insulation in demand for the Perth property market. This would make the impending downturn less severe than it may otherwise have been.
Another key factor that should support housing demand across Perth is the sheer affordability of housing. At the end of April 2020, the median value of a house was recorded at just over $465,000 which was the lowest of any capital city.
The blend of affordable housing options and the expectation for more resilient economic conditions is a good recipe for Perth’s housing market to outperform.
ELIZA OWEN is the Head of Research Australia for CoreLogic
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The interrupted upswing in Perth: CoreLogic's Eliza Owen

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
Following times of crisis, real estate is traditionally the first to bounce back.
COVID-19 bears striking similarities to the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1919, when despite the media creating fear and hysteria through alarmist headlines, capital city housing prices didn’t fall at all. They boomed in 1919 and then continued to rise by more than ten per cent each year until 1921.
After the national recession (1990-91) and after the GFC (2008-09), it was the real estate market that most quickly saw a return to pre-crisis activity and values.
Why? Because everyone needs a roof over their head  - be that as an owner occupier or a tenant, a business owner or employee, an educator or student, a surgeon or a patient. Be that as a grower or manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer.
I see no indication that this crisis, this pandemic, will be any different. And look what the federal government has done in light of COVID-19? It has stepped in to look after the real estate market as an asset class. I haven’t seen any similar level of intervention in other asset classes, including the share market.
I look at the stages we have already gone through since the first suggestion of COVID-19 affecting the real estate industry some six or seven weeks ago, and what is still to come.
For some perspective, the coronavirus pandemic was confirmed to have reached Australia on January 25, 2020. The first death in this country was recorded om March 1st. On 24th March, realestate.com.au reported that ‘Every day is changing in the wake of coronavirus and it is becoming clear that the property market will not be immune.’ On 12th April, it reported ‘The coronavirus pandemic is having a catastrophic effect on Australia’s economy. While it’s still too soon to tell what damage has extended to the property market, it will unlikely come out unscathed.’
Stage 1 - Outbreak. Taking away of freedom.
Our federal and state governments introduce necessary rules and guidelines to restrict the spread of COVID-19.
Stage 2 - Acceptance
We are adapting to the new way of doing things. Businesses are adapting and pivoting, but initial acceptance turns to ‘get me out of here’ as the novelty wears off. (Staff gravitate back to the office environment, for example). Real estate transactions still occur as people still want and need to buy, sell and rent. Rules around inspections change. Auction go virtual. The real estate industry responds and the better the leadership, the more continuity is ensured and the more fluidly this this carries us through the peak crisis period. We are now starting to see a light at the end of the tunnel.
Stage 3 - Return to ‘normal’. Almost there.
This is ahead of us. It is a re-entry into life as we knew it. It will be complex to navigate, and business leaders and employees alike have critical roles to play in restructuring and moving forward. Courage, confidence, compassion and above all, great leadership, are required.
Stage 4 - The ‘new’ normal
There is a need to re-imagine the old, to bed down new or adapted strategies, and thrive. Businesses won’t go back to what they knew before the pandemic. They will reinvent themselves to be more resilient.
The real estate industry has got this.
We are at the cusp of the positive phase but stage 3 will not be a ‘bang, bang, bang’ like stage 1. This will be more gradual – over three to six months rather than a matter of weeks.
In the medical landscape, the focus is on the flattening of the curve. In the real estate landscape, we look to the upward curve of positive indicators.
This COVID-19 pandemic is going to give us a ‘new normal’ but those trends will shape the way we live and work.
Nothing will change the need for a roof over our heads.
Share market losses and recessions are not necessarily predictors of property declines. Confidence will drive economic recovery, and real estate activity will be significant as ‘flight to safety’ sees property offering better options in comparison to other asset classes given the low interest rate environment and the fiscal policies put in place by governments in response to COVID-19. (Relief packages, stimulation packages, funding and support)
One of the most googled questions right now is: How will coronavirus affect house prices?
Some markets may experience this more than others, with a decrease in values – but not at alarmist levels. I do not believe we’ll see significant drops or forced sales across the board.
Right now, around one-third of the world’s population is living under some sort of lockdown. Only public health indicators will bring an ‘end’ to the pandemic.
Three factors determine the severity of economic downturn: the degree of isolation and social distancing expected; how long these things go on for; and monetary and fiscal policies.
Australia is in a good space. As is New Zealand.
While no sector of the economy is being spared from COVID-19 impact, real estate is Australia’s biggest industry and its greatest contributor to employment. It represents more than 13 per cent of GDP, which is why those leaders who must manage and plan the economic and policy response to this pandemic will keep their focus firmly on real estate.
Housing is Australia's single largest asset class. Residential property outperformed all other investment types, including shares, over the past 20 years.
Real estate makes the economy stable, has tangible value, provides jobs and is an income generating asset. Real estate exists to provide shelter. Real estate will be a major pillar of recovery.
And when we come out the other end, our leaders – across government, real estate and other sectors, will be even better prepared for any crisis of the future.
MICHAEL DAVOREN is the Managing Director at RE/MAX Australia
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All roads lead to real estate: RE/MAX's Michael Davoren

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Firstly, small businesses in bushfire-affected communities will be able to operate from portable offices without council approval, under the latest bushfire recovery initiative from the NSW Government.
Deputy Premier and Minister responsible for Disaster Recovery John Barilaro said the changes will ensure regional business owners can continue to earn an income, employ local residents and support local economies.
Planning and Public Spaces Minister Rob Stokes implemented changes to the State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) Amendment (Bushfire Response) 2020, which will enable any existing business that has sustained damage in the bushfires to operate from a portable office, such as a shipping container, for up to two years.
“This may only be a small change, but it’s one that will have a significant operational impact for the many small business owners across the State who have been devastated by these fires,” Mr Stokes said.
This initiative follows changes to allow temporary accommodation like caravans and storage containers to be on property for up to two years without council approval.
The NSW Government is also waiving Planning Reform Fees, worth an average of $320, and is issuing free BASIX certificates which usually cost $50, for bushfire-affected residents who need to rebuild their properties.
Minister for Finance and Small Business Damien Tudehope said small businesses were incredibly resilient and encouraged bushfire-affected enterprises to look into this new initiative.
“We’re committed to doing all we can to help small businesses affected by bushfire not only survive this difficult time, but thrive into the future,” Mr Tudehope stated.
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