There’s a quiet patch of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/hawthorn-vic-3122">Hawthorn</a>, between the bustle of Glenferrie Road and the curve of the Yarra, that rarely sees change, and even more rarely, new apartments. But that’s exactly where <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/pomeroy-pacific-quattro-corp">PQD</a> is planting Kooyongkoot: a deliberate, 18-residence answer to the question of what downsizers actually want.

“This is something this pocket of Hawthorn has never seen before,” says Fil Gacesa, head of sales at PQD. “<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/kooyongkoot-hawthorn-1-kooyongkoot-road-hawthorn-vic-3122">Kooyongkoot</a> will deliver just 18 large-scale apartments in the heart of Hawthorn. It is the true definition of resort-style living.”

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/59D7VxzltmM?si=1iCzRD7FRneKryfv" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

That scale is central to the story. It’s what allows for two dedicated lift cores, short corridors, and a generous lightcourt that draws natural ventilation and sunlight into every residence. It’s also what makes room for the sort of amenity usually confined to high-density towers: a fully equipped wellness centre with infrared and traditional saunas, yoga and pilates studio, cold therapy shower, and treatment room. There’s a golf simulator, car and dog wash stations, and extensive storage too, not bolted on, but baked in from the start.

But more than the checklist, it’s the design intent that carries weight. “This project has been many years in the making,” says Mark Pomeroy, Director of PQD. “Not just in planning, but in listening, to what our buyers and the local community are looking for”.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=102717 project_image_fid=355289]

That listening shows up in the materials, oak floors, natural stone, V-ZUG appliances, and in how space is handled. Penthouses feature private rooftop terraces with pools. Terraces and garden residences embrace outdoor connection. Inside, the layouts skew large and open, geared for hosting, not just housing.

Architecturally, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cera-stribley-architects">Cera Stribley</a>’s approach is grounded. There’s no reaching for spectacle here. Instead, the building offers a sculptural calm, anchored by landscaping from Eckersley Garden Architecture.&nbsp;

“We wanted to create spaces that feel expansive, serene, and meaningfully connected to daily life,” said founding partner Chris Stribley elsewhere.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=102717 project_image_fid=355304]

That sentiment, calm, connection, echoes in the location itself. Kooyongkoot sits just a short stroll from Central Gardens, Fairview Park, and the Rivoli Cinema. Tram lines and schools are close, but the street is tucked, quiet, and leaf-lined.&nbsp;

“Residents of Kooyongkoot will be a short stroll from Fairview Park, Central Gardens, and the Glenferrie Road retail strip," Gacesa notes, "but you're also cocooned in this peaceful pocket behind extensive landscaping by Eckersley Garden Architecture.”

Kooyongkoot is set for completion in late 2026.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=102717]

Staff Writer

The project that said no to compromise: Inside Kooyongkoot, Hawthorn

When long-time Ivanhoe locals Graeme and Catherine, decided it was time to downsize, they weren’t necessarily in a rush.&nbsp;

Like many in their stage of life, they had started thinking about apartment living, but anticipated making the shift in two to three years.

That timeline changed when they visited <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/new-apartments/candela-ivanhoe-40-upper-heidelberg-road-ivanhoe">Candela</a>, a new boutique development by <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/developers/salter-brothers">Salter Brothers</a>. The project ticked all the boxes they were looking for: location, quality design, and long-term lifestyle benefits, which prompted them to bring their decision forward.

“It was the right place at the right time,” they said. “We knew immediately it ticked all the boxes, and we didn’t want to wait.”

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Their decision to downsize was driven by a combination of practical needs and lifestyle considerations. Their existing home, while much loved, had become increasingly difficult to maintain. It spanned multiple levels, included extensive front and back gardens, and was starting to show the wear that comes with age.&nbsp;

They were looking for a more manageable lifestyle, one with less upkeep and more freedom. A brand-new apartment with no maintenance requirements and the ability to simply “lock up and leave” gave them peace of mind and a greater sense of control over their future.

Financially, the purchase made sense as well. The available stamp duty savings, strong price-to-value offering, and timing of the settlement suited their plans, making the transition smoother and more cost-effective. The apartment's design and inclusions further supported their choice.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=342 project_image_fid=357493]

The layout was both functional and flexible: three bedrooms, a butler’s pantry, a separate laundry, and a large open-plan living area. It gave them the freedom to host a family, accommodate guests, or set up a home office. The expansive balcony and elevated views added to the appeal, providing a sense of openness and connection to the outdoors.

“It just had a really good flow,” Catherine noted, something they found lacking in many other apartments they’d considered, particularly in the established market.

Candela’s boutique scale was another deciding factor. With a smaller number of residences and a top-floor penthouse position, the couple felt the development offered the privacy and space they were looking for, without feeling isolated.

“We liked that it wasn’t a huge development. It felt well-balanced, modern but still with a sense of community, not overwhelming,” they said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=342 project_image_fid=357508]

Equally important was the ability to remain in Ivanhoe, a suburb they know well and have deep roots in. After 46 years in the area, proximity to local parks, shops, and familiar faces mattered just as much as the apartment itself.

“We didn’t want to give up the community we’ve known for decades. Candela allowed us to upgrade our lifestyle while staying in the place we call home.”

With a Walk Score of 90, the village location supports a convenient, connected lifestyle. <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/ivanhoe-vic-3079">Ivanhoe</a> Station is just a eight-minute walk away, and the neighbourhood offers access to parks, cafes, restaurants, and schools along Upper Heidelberg Road, all within easy reach.

Beyond the apartment, the couple also saw value in the broader vision for Candela, one that integrates residential living with public spaces and local amenities.&nbsp;

The development introduces 58 new apartments as well as a mix of commercial and social spaces that integrate contemporary architecture with the suburb’s existing character.&nbsp;

At ground level, residents will find a charming café and a lifestyle wellness centre, perfect for unwinding and rejuvenating. Meanwhile, the rooftop garden offers a stunning vantage point for residents to enjoy breathtaking sunsets, host gatherings, or enjoy barbecues with family and friends. It's not just a place to live; it's a vibrant community where every moment is an opportunity to connect and create lasting memories.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=342]

Why Ivanhoe locals are choosing to downsize to Candela

Mark and Roy Makari are expanding their presence in Sydney’s South West with a second major proposal for Leppington, this time envisioning a 900-dwelling mixed-use development just 850 metres from their previously lodged tower trio on Fifth Avenue.

Project management and construction management firm Creative Vision filed the plans for the&nbsp;multi-building project at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/230-rickard-road-leppington-nsw-2179">230 Rickard Road, Leppington</a>. The proposal seeks to establish a new focal point for the precinct through a high-density, transit-oriented development supported by diverse land uses.

According to the Scoping Report prepared for the Department of Planning, the scheme includes around 900 apartments across multiple towers, including 135 dwellings designated for affordable housing. A mix of market and subsidised apartments will be supported by ground-level activation through retail and office space, a childcare centre, and a hotel, forming a comprehensive urban precinct.

<img alt="Mixed Use Development 230 Rickard Rd Leppington" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="34797362-f3dc-4d84-8235-2657fc5f3bde" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Plan.png?VersionId=Uzckrz9tUpDQl5lX1_WMhjnv16bsr8wG" />

The Design Report by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/studiosc-0">Studio SC</a> notes that the project “intends to deliver a high-quality, high-density built form that supports the vision for the Leppington Town Centre, integrating mixed-use outcomes and public domain upgrades.” The development is expected to be delivered in stages, although a precise timeline is yet to be confirmed.

The project will be assessed through a future State Significant Development Application, with the Scoping Report indicating the team will seek design excellence via a competitive process or through an expert design review panel. Early massing diagrams suggest a series of mid- to high-rise buildings framing a central landscaped spine, with emphasis on pedestrian permeability and public space.

The planning documentation flags a strong sustainability agenda, stating that the development will “respond to the urban heat island effect, incorporate water sensitive urban design, and prioritise active transport”.

<img alt="Mixed Use Development 230 Rickard Rd Leppington" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="369d7b54-1279-4cde-88ec-dcb215594414" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Podium_1.png?VersionId=QArL7B2kkLt63vl5xvL0FNV_ardAlez4" />

The proposal follows in the footsteps of the Makaris’ nearby Fifth Avenue site, where they’ve submitted plans for three towers comprising nearly 500 apartments, with 10 per cent dedicated to affordable housing. That project features commercial podiums, a childcare centre, and a new public park that would occupy more than a third of the site.

Both developments are situated within walking distance of Leppington Train Station and fall under strategic precinct plans promoting higher density housing. The town centre is undergoing substantial transformation, driven by state government planning reforms aimed at fast-tracking housing delivery.

Together, the two projects represent a combined ambition of nearly 1,400 new homes across just under two kilometres of central Leppington.

First look: 900-home mixed-use precinct planned for Leppington

Leading Australian integrated property development group, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aqualand-australia">Aqualand</a>, has released the signature penthouses crowning its landmark AURA by Aqualand precinct at 168 Walker Street in North Sydney, unveiling Il Magnate and La Divina as the largest and most luxurious penthouses in the suburb.

With prices anticipated to commence from $15 million, and each accompanied by a new Porsche Carrera 911 valued at over $500K, the residences mark the culmination of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/aura-by-aqualand-north-sydney-168-walker-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">AURA by Aqualand</a>’s decade-long journey and the beginning of its final sales chapter. 
&nbsp; 
Their release follows more than $850 million in record-breaking residential sales and the building’s completion and occupation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=358868]

The Richards Stanisich-designed 284 sqm Il Magnate and 224 sqm La Divina penthouses, collectively known as The Icons of AURA, are conceived as grand luxury homes rather than apartments, with expansive proportions, elevated materiality and curated identities that reflect their status as one-off residences.&nbsp;

Il Magnate features a grande master suite, complete with substantial walk-in dressing area and ensuite, three other bedrooms, second ensuite and another bathroom, powder room, open plan kitchen, scullery, substantial dining area and generous living room divided by a feature fireplace, and a multifunction wintergarden, which is ideal for a study and adjoining office breakout space. &nbsp;

Meanwhile, the La Divina residence offers the same amenities, sans the powder room, on a slightly smaller alternate floor plan configuration.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=358863]

Each occupies half of AURA by Aqualand’s topmost 28th level, comes with four secure car spaces and pairs sweeping Sydney Harbour panoramas with large-scale living spaces, refined detailing and a level of craftsmanship and amenity rarely offered in the North Shore market.&nbsp;

Penthouse residents will also receive Etymon’s ‘Black Key’ private concierge and lifestyle management service, an invitation only offering providing the ultimate in bespoke personalisation, including a range of everyday discrete services, from dinner party management, grocery deliveries, pet feeding or plants watered, dinners, snacks and coffee deliveries, event ticket sourcing, right up to organising travel visas and international airfares. Rarely seen in Australian properties, the service provides residents the benefits of living in a world-class luxury hotel-style home, akin to The Ritz, or the Waldorf Astoria.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=358862]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/richards-stanisich">Richards Stanisich</a>’s Director, Kirsten Stanisich, said the studio set out to craft residences that feel profoundly considered, contemporary and deeply connected to their setting.

“From the outset, we approached these penthouses with the sensibility of a grand Parisian residence - generous in scale, elegant in proportion and designed to feel more like a handcrafted home than an apartment," Stanisich said.

“Their elevated position and sweeping harbour outlook informed every decision, creating a rare connection between urban sophistication and natural calm. We shaped each space with expressive materiality, sculptural forms and bespoke detailing that invite touch and interaction.&nbsp;

“The result is a pair of residences defined by volume, light and an inherent softness - refined, flexible and deeply personal. These penthouses are unlike anything else in North Sydney, offering a sanctuary of true luxury framed by some of the city’s most remarkable views.”

For Aqualand’s Head of Sales &amp; Marketing, Alex Adams, the collaboration with Porsche underscores the shared ethos behind the residences.

“Aqualand’s collaboration with Porsche underpins both brand’s sharing an obsession with craftsmanship, design excellence, and enduring value," Adams said.

“Our penthouses are created for those who appreciate the finer details and expect the extraordinary at every touchpoint. Including a Porsche simply extends that experience beyond the residence - it’s a continuation of the lifestyle our buyers already live.”&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=292862]

Aqualand’s Managing Director, Jin Lin, said the penthouses represent both the pinnacle of AURA by Aqualand and an important design benchmark for the company’s future pipeline.&nbsp;

“These stunning penthouses reflect the purest expression of Aqualand’s design ambition," Lin said.

“The unparalleled design intent makes them not only the glistening crown of AURA by Aqualand, but the crown of North Sydney itself. They’re essentially a thank you gift to a burgeoning community that deserves this level of quality and architectural consideration.&nbsp;

“We’re leveraging the unrivalled standard set here as the foundation for what comes next, including our upcoming Anderson Street, Chatswood; 15 Blue Street, North Sydney and Central Barangaroo projects. Purchasers of these penthouses will essentially be living inside the blueprint of Aqualand’s future.

“These landmark residences demonstrate how far North Sydney has evolved and the strength of demand for highly curated, bespoke luxury homes. They’re more than penthouses, they’re legacy residences.&nbsp;

“With AURA by Aqualand now a thriving new precinct with residents well and truly settled, and our in-house world-class lifestyle amenity activated, Il Magnate and La Divina represent a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to secure an extraordinary piece of North Sydney’s future.”

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=30959]

Joel Robinson

Aqualand launches North Sydney penthouses with free Porsche Carrera 911

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/bokarina-qld-4575">Bokarina</a> Beach has quietly evolved into one of the Sunshine Coast’s most complete coastal lifestyle precincts, defined not just by proximity to the ocean, but by how residential living, local retail and everyday amenity are stitched together.&nbsp;

Gardner Vaughan Group’s <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/bask-bokarina-38-bokarina-boulevard-bokarina-qld-4575">Bask Bokarina</a> now represents the final residential chapter in that transformation.

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Over recent years, the Bokarina Beach precinct has taken shape as a walkable, community-oriented neighbourhood, anchored by beachfront access, Lake Kawana to the west, and a growing mix of cafés, specialty retail and public open space.&nbsp;

With Zinc Bokarina already delivered next door by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/gardner-vaughan-group">Gardner Vaughan Group</a> (GVG), Bask is the last opportunity to buy a brand new apartment within the precinct, effectively rounding out a fully formed coastal village.

GVG has positioned Bask to strengthen that lifestyle framework. Ten ground-floor retail spaces are planned beneath the residences, extending Bokarina Boulevard’s existing activity and reinforcing the area’s everyday convenience, from casual dining and coffee to local services, within a short walk of the beach.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=141609 project_image_fid=333359]

The residential component comprises 135 apartments across two buildings, Mydas and Caretta, with a clear shift toward larger three- and four-bedroom layouts and penthouses. That mix reflects a maturing buyer profile in Bokarina, where demand is increasingly led by owner-occupiers and active downsizers seeking space, permanence, and connection to place rather than short-term coastal accommodation.

Design and amenity have followed the same logic. Residents will have access to a heated plunge pool, gym, private dining room with a full kitchen, landscaped communal gardens with barbecues and a firepit, and a shared herb and vegetable garden, facilities intended to support daily use rather than resort-style turnover. Pet-friendly features, including a dog wash bay, acknowledge both buyer expectations and the area’s dog-friendly beach, located around 250 metres from the site.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=141609 project_image_fid=333366]

“Bokarina has become one of the Sunshine Coast’s most desirable beachside communities, and Bask represents the very last chance to buy new in this location,” GVG Director Sam Gardner said.&nbsp;

“Our focus has been to create spacious, functional apartments that meet the needs of locals who want to downsize without compromise, as well as those seeking a full-time coastal retreat.”

Positioned between the Pacific Ocean and Lake Kawana, Bask apartments have been oriented to capture outlooks toward the water or the Glass House Mountains, reinforcing the project’s connection to its natural surroundings. With parks, beachfront paths, hospitals, retail and public transport already in place, Bask arrives at a point where the broader precinct is no longer emerging, but established.

Construction is expected to complete in Q3 this year, with apartments ready to move into this Spring.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=141609]

Bask to complete Bokarina’s Sunshine Coast lifestyle precinct as final apartments are released

Nsw Budget

EXPERT OBSERVER

This week, the NSW government announced almost A$500 million towards boosting the uptake of electric vehicles. In its new <a href="https://www.nsw.gov.au/initiative/nsw-governments-electric-vehicle-strategy">electric vehicle strategy</a>, the government will waive stamp duty for cars under $78,000, develop more charging infrastructure, offer rebates to 25,000 drivers, and more.

Given the transport sector is Australia&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/6686d48f-3f9c-448d-a1b7-7e410fe4f376/files/nggi-quarterly-update-mar-2019.pdf">second-largest polluter</a>, it&rsquo;s a good thing Australian governments are starting to plan for a transition to electric vehicles (EVs).

But transitioning from cities full of petrol-guzzling vehicles to cities full of electric ones won&rsquo;t address all of the environmental and social problems associated with car dependence and mass manufacturing.

So, let&rsquo;s look at these problems in more detail, and why public transport really is the best way forward.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=7633 project_image_fid=32168]

<h2>Mounting disadvantage and health issues</h2>

EVs do have environmental advantages over conventional vehicles. In particular, they generate less carbon emissions during their lifetime. Of course, much of the emissions reductions will depend on how much electricity <a href="https://theconversation.com/climate-explained-the-environmental-footprint-of-electric-versus-fossil-cars-124762">comes from renewable sources</a>.

But carbon emissions are only one of the many problems associated with the dominance of private cars as a form of mobility in cities.

Let&rsquo;s start with a few of the social issues. This includes the huge amount of <a href="https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2013-11/apo-nid59916.pdf">space devoted to car driving</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.044">parking</a> in our neighbourhoods. This can <a href="https://theconversation.com/reclaiming-the-streets-we-all-can-have-a-say-in-the-new-normal-after-coronavirus-137703">crowd out other forms of land use</a>, including other more sustainable forms of mobility such as walking and cycling.

There are the financial and mental health costs of <a href="https://theconversation.com/australian-city-workers-average-commute-has-blown-out-to-66-minutes-a-day-how-does-yours-compare-120598">congestion</a>, as well, with Australian city workers spending, on average, 66 minutes getting to and from work each day. <a href="https://www.bitre.gov.au/statistics/safety">Injuries and fatalities on roads</a> are also increasing, and <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11524-009-9433-9">inactivity and isolation</a> associated with driving can impact our physical health.

Car-dependent cities also contribute to <a href="https://trid.trb.org/view/1154961">disadvantage for people who don&rsquo;t have access to cars</a>, and uneven <a href="https://apo.org.au/node/449">financial vulnerability</a> associated with the high costs of car ownership and use.

Indeed, some of these problems could be made worse &mdash; for instance, subsidies for EVs could end up favouring wealthier people who can afford new cars.

<h2>Mining for resources</h2>

A mass global uptake of EVs will generate major environmental problems, too. Most concerning of these is the use of finite mineral resources required for their construction, and the environmental and labour conditions of their extraction.

This was recently highlighted in a <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions">recent report by the International Energy Agency</a>. As the agency&rsquo;s executive director Fatih Birol said, there&rsquo;s a

<blockquote>
looming mismatch between the world&rsquo;s strengthened climate ambitions and the availability of critical minerals that are essential to realising those ambitions.
</blockquote>

Minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and copper are key ingredients required to make EVs.

As the report noted, EVs use double the amount of copper than conventional vehicles. EVs also require considerable amounts of lithium, cobalt and graphite that are hardly required at all for conventional vehicles. And it expects demand for lithium to grow 40-fold between 2020 and 2040, driven by EV production to meet climate targets.

<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408077/original/file-20210624-13-12t8z1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" /></a>

<figcaption>There are better ways to cut transport emissions than greater uptake of electric vehicles. Shutterstock</figcaption>
</figure>

There is <a href="https://www.afr.com/policy/energy-and-climate/speed-of-green-energy-shift-triggers-supply-alarm-20210506-p57pi5">considerable discussion</a> of Australia&rsquo;s natural advantage as a supplier of some of these minerals, as we have large reserves of lithium and rare-earth metals beneath parts of the continent.

But before governments and mining bodies rush to exploit these reserves, they need to ensure much more is done to avoid the injustices perpetrated against Traditional Owners and their lands and heritage. The recent appalling <a href="https://theconversation.com/rio-tinto-just-blasted-away-an-ancient-aboriginal-site-heres-why-that-was-allowed-139466">destruction at Juukan Gorge</a> by Rio Tinto&rsquo;s iron ore operation is just one example of this.

<a href="https://theconversation.com/critical-minerals-are-vital-for-renewable-energy-we-must-learn-to-mine-them-responsibly-131547">Mining also has its own environmental problems</a>, such as land clearing and associated biodiversity loss, the pollution and contaminants it produces, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/arent-we-in-a-drought-the-australian-black-coal-industry-uses-enough-water-for-over-5-million-people-137591">intensive water use</a>.

The conditions of extracting these critical minerals in other parts of the world are dire. There&rsquo;s the oppressive working conditions <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/dec/18/how-the-race-for-cobalt-risks-turning-it-from-miracle-metal-to-deadly-chemical">in cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, the conflict over <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/14/electric-cost-lithium-mining-decarbonasation-salt-flats-chile">Indigenous rights in Chile&rsquo;s lithium mining areas</a>, and environmental destruction associated with <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2015/apr/15/rare-earthenware-a-journey-to-the-toxic-source-of-luxury-goods">mining rare earth minerals in China</a>.

<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="Lithium mine with brine pools" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=565&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=565&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408075/original/file-20210624-21-1nlr7vh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=565&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" /></a>

<figcaption>Mining for rare-earth metals such as lithium comes with enormous environmental impacts. Shutterstock</figcaption>
</figure>

<h2>Broadening ideas about transport</h2>

To focus on these problems is not to suggest the new policies on electric vehicles are unimportant, or that they don&rsquo;t stand to have some positive environmental impact.

The point is private EVs are not a solution to the combined challenges of reducing our urban environmental footprints and making better cities for all, and that they have their own problems.

Instead, we should develop a good mass public transport system with extensive and frequent coverage. Alongside urban development with a more even distribution of jobs, services and opportunities, investing in better public transport could reduce car dependence in our cities.

This would have a range of environmental and social benefits: making more space available for people instead of machines, extending the benefits of mobility to people who can&rsquo;t or don&rsquo;t drive, and reducing demand for finite minerals.

Even fossil-fuelled public transport has fewer emissions than conventional car travel. Data from the <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter8.pdf">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> shows the most fuel-efficient buses and trains generate less than half the carbon emissions per passenger kilometre of fuel-efficient cars. Of course, public transport powered by renewables will be even better.

<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="Trams on Swanston Street" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/408072/original/file-20210624-15-1chlrge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" /></a>

<figcaption>Melbourne&rsquo;s tram network is the biggest in the world. Shutterstock</figcaption>
</figure>

But as things stand, we are far from having such a city. The benefits of good public transport and public services are <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1068/a140008g">unevenly distributed across our cities</a>.

In Sydney, for example, there are significant investments in new public transport infrastructure in some parts of the city, such as <a href="https://www.sydneymetro.info/west/project-overview">Metro West</a> and the recently completed North West Metro. There are <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/entire-nsw-rail-network-to-go-green-by-2025-smaller-ferries-to-go-electric-20210610-p58013.html">welcome commitments to reduce emissions</a> in that sector, too.

But we&rsquo;re a long way from planning new developments and redevelopments to make public transport a viable alternative to cars. The <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-18/western-sydney-urban-sprawl-lesson-for-other-australian-cities/100072140">lack of public transport infrastructure in newly constructed, master-planned</a> estates on Sydney&rsquo;s urban fringe is the most glaring example.

Ultimately, it&rsquo;s important that a transition to electric vehicles doesn&rsquo;t dominate the discussion we need to have about urban transport.

Our challenge is to simultaneously reduce the carbon footprint of different forms of transport, while also thinking much more broadly about the sustainability and justice of the system of mobility that&rsquo;s so central to daily life in our cities.<img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/163247/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" />

&nbsp;

This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/cramming-cities-full-of-electric-vehicles-means-were-still-depending-on-cars-and-thats-a-huge-problem-163247">original article</a>.

This week, the NSW government announced almost A$500 million towards boosting the uptake of electric vehicles

max.kwok_55688

Cramming cities full of electric vehicles means we’re still depending on cars — and that’s a huge problem

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An absolutely wild $8.63 billion in stamp duty and land transfer duty receipts was raised over the year to September for the NSW Government, according for the Office of State Revenue (OSR). 
This is a totally unprecedented windfall for any state or territory in Australia.
Note how annual stamp duty receipts (red line) have remained above $8.6 billion even in the face of lower volumes (dotted blue line) this year.
Simply, this is due to higher dwelling prices in Sydney. 
<a href="/images/2016/12/NSW.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title"><img src="/images/2016/12/NSW.jpg" alt=""></h3>
<div id="post-body-5759172691898837383" class="post-body entry-content">
 <div> </div>
<div>NSW's budget surged into a massive $4.7 billion surplus in 2015-16.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>This result was miles ahead of forecasts and leaves the state Government with net debt of less than zero.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The state government is now in a cash positive position for the first time ever.  </div>
<div> </div>
<div>To complete the virtuous circle, billions of these funds need to be rolled into urgently required infrastructure projects, not least to plug the hole that will be left by declining housing construction from 2018 forth. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>With commodity prices recovering, financial markets have priced in a change in the outlook, with Australia's 10 year government bond yield now sitting back at 2.37 percent, having slumped quite sharply since May. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blogger</a>. 
His latest book is <a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>.
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

Stamped out NSW duties

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The NSW government has handed down the state budget for 2019-20, which contains a record-breaking spending of $93 billion on infrastructure over the next four years to 2022-23.
Treasurer Dominic Perrottet’s third NSW Budget sees more than half of this figure go toward road and rail, $55.6 billion for road and transport projects.
Other major expenditures are, $10.1 billion for over 40 new and upgraded hospitals and $7.3 billion towards over 190 new and upgraded schools.
The Property Council's William Power said Treasurer Perrottet’s third budget "delivers on the Government’s election commitments and provides a solid foundation for future economic, job and productivity growth through a $93 billion infrastructure investment, however it’s a budget that reflects tightened purse strings necessitated by a slower residential housing market.”
“Sydney and NSW will always grow but we must invest in the right infrastructure in the right places so that we grow well – this budget does this and supports new and growing communities with much needed social infrastructure,” Mr Power said.
Minister for Regional Transport and Roads Paul Toole said some of the highlights from the 2019-20 Budget included:
<ul>
<li>$1.5 billion over four years for the Pacific Highway upgrade program towards completion of the Woolgoolga to Ballina upgrade which is on track to progressively open to traffic in 2020, and to progress the Coffs Harbour bypass.</li>
<li>$1.2 billion over four years to continue work on existing Princes Highway projects, including the Albion Park Rail bypass, the Berry to Bomaderry Upgrade, the new Nowra Bridge, and the Batemans Bay replacement bridge. Additionally, there is a further $322 million over four years, as part of the Government’s commitment to upgrade the Princes Highway between Nowra and the Victorian border.</li>
<li>Commence work to duplicate the 31-kilometre section of the Great Western Highway between Katoomba and Lithgow, delivering a safer, faster trip over the mountains.</li>
<li>$44.3 million to continue sealing the most remote highways in NSW, the Silver City and Cobb Highways.</li>
<li>$145 million for upgrades on the Newell Highway, including overtaking lanes, pavement upgrades.</li>
<li>$38 million to progress the new Regional Rail Fleet including construction of a rail maintenance facility in Dubbo.</li>
<li>$373 million to improve road safety including a significant increase in investment through the Road Safety Plan 2021 targeting high risk areas with a regional focus. </li>
<li>Start of the $250 Seniors Travel Card in January 2020.</li>
</ul>
Road and Transport Infrastructure?
<ul>
<li>An undisclosed amount of funding is going towards the Sydney Metro City and Southwest rail, which will connect Crows Nest, Victoria Cross, Barangaroo, Martin Place, Pitt Street and Waterloo, opening in 2024</li>
<li>$6.4 billion is going towards the Sydney Metro West rail, which is planned to provide an underground network between the Sydney CBD and the Greater Parramatta area, with construction starting in 2020 and an estimated completion date in the second half of the 2020s</li>
<li>An undisclosed amount of funding is going towards the North South Metro Rail Link - Stage 1, which is planned to connect St Marys to the upcoming Western Sydney Aerotropolis and the Western Sydney International (Nancy-Bird Walton) Airport, with completion predicted for 2026</li>
<li>$695 million is going towards technology upgrades to reduce congestion</li>
<li>$450 million towards 12 pinch points at intersections along major arterial roads and regional links around Sydney</li>
<li>$1.3 billion towards improving the roads in Western Sydney, which includes: <ul>
<li>$404 million towards upgrading The Northern Road between Narellan and Penrith</li>
<li>$145.3 million towards planning and preconstruction costs for the M12 Motorway</li>
<li>$561 million towards the Parramatta Light Rail Stage 1</li>
<li>$107 to the M4 Smart Motorway to improve trip reliability and road safety</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>$1 billion over five years towards fixing regional bridges, which includes: <ul>
<li>$500 million for the Fixing Country Bridges program</li>
<li>$500 million for the Fixing Local Roads program</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Education infrastructure
Over $6 billion is planned to go towards school-related infrastructure over the next four years, which includes:
<ul>
<li>$917.4 million towards building eight schools and upgrading 32 government schools, which will go to future schools or existing schools located in: <ul>
<li>Ashtonfield</li>
<li>Belmont</li>
<li>Bungendore</li>
<li>Byron Bay</li>
<li>Coffs Harbour</li>
<li>Jerrabomberra</li>
<li>Jesmond</li>
<li>Kingscliff</li>
<li>Lake Cathie</li>
<li>Lennox Head</li>
<li>Murwillumbah</li>
<li>Newcastle East</li>
<li>Nulkaba</li>
<li>Old Bar</li>
<li>Pottsville Beach</li>
<li>Queanbeyan</li>
<li>Rutherford</li>
<li>South Nowra</li>
<li>Speers Point</li>
<li>Tamworth</li>
<li>Tweed Heads</li>
<li>Wagga Wagga</li>
<li>Wangi Wangi</li>
<li>Wauchope</li>
<li>Wollongong</li>
<li>Worrigee</li>
<li>Yass</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>$500 million towards the construction, extension or upgrading of non-government schools</li>
<li>$79.6 million over four years towards a new TAFE Western Sydney Construction Hub to be built near the Western Sydney Airport</li>
<li>$61.7 million over four years towards constructing eight new TAFE Connected Learning Centres located in Byron Bay, Nelson Bay, Bateman’s Bay, Jindabyne, Nambucca Heads, Hay, Cobar and West Wyalong</li>
</ul>
Health infrastructure
Over $10 billion is planned to go towards health-related infrastructure over the next four years, which includes:
<ul>
<li>Over $4.4 billion for the upgrading and construction of 29 hospital and health facility projects. Some areas receiving this funding are located in include:</li>
<li>Albury</li>
<li>Bankstown</li>
<li>Blacktown</li>
<li>Bowral </li>
<li>Campbelltown</li>
<li>Concord</li>
<li>Cooma</li>
<li>Dubbo</li>
<li>Eurobodalla</li>
<li>Gosford</li>
<li>Goulburn</li>
<li>Grafton</li>
<li>Griffith</li>
<li>Inverell</li>
<li>Lidcombe</li>
<li>Lismore</li>
<li>Liverpool</li>
<li>Macksville</li>
<li>Maitland</li>
<li>Manning</li>
<li>Mount Druitt</li>
<li>Mudgee</li>
<li>Nepean</li>
<li>Randwick</li>
<li>Ryde</li>
<li>Shellharbour</li>
<li>Shoalhaven</li>
<li>St George</li>
<li>Tumut</li>
<li>Tweed</li>
<li>Wagga Wagga</li>
<li>Westmead</li>
<li>Wyong</li>
</ul>
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Where is NSW spending its record $93 billion infrastructure budget

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The NSW Budget indicates that the softening housing market has wiped out $10.6 Billion in expected stamp duty since 2017 but the Budget has no stimulation for the housing market.
The NSW Budget is a well -rounded document that continues the government’s roll out of city shaping infrastructure with $93 Billion committed to key projects.
The positive commitment to infrastructure is offset by a loss of $10.6 Billion in expected stamp duty due to the soft housing market.
The major commitment to infrastructure should underpin the urban growth across the state with a major focus on public transport growth that should occur around rail stations and in city centres.
The housing development industry is getting mixed signals from government on where development should occur and this is eroding confidence within the industry. 
Confusion exists over the ‘missing middle’ code, the future of spot rezoning, affordable housing levies and the impact of lifting the cap on infrastructure levies. 
Resolution is needed on these areas so that the current slow-down can be reversed.”
While housing construction is down the budget papers do point out that this is partly off-set by the large infrastructure construction commitment and a swing by some developers towards commercial office projects. 
Unfortunately for the budget these projects do not contribute stamp duty to the Treasury.
The Budget Statement (P 2-4) states that apartment commencements fell 22 per cent within the final quarter of 2018 and then states ‘Expectations for ongoing strong population growth and a stabilisation in house prices from late 2019 should encourage the commencement of more projects. 
How conditions in the housing market evolve over the next 12 months will be important for dwelling investment and household consumption.’ 
The budget included a proposal to drive reform of Federal Financial Relations with a review from a NSW perspective.
On major rail infrastructure projects the Sydney Metro West will receive $6.4 Billion over 4 years to fast track construction.
 These large rail infrastructure projects in Minister Andrew Constance’s portfolio are important locations for Sydney’s growth.
Western Sydney is a big winner in the budget with Stuart Ayres portfolio receiving $561 million for 2019-20 towards the Parramatta Light Rail, $404 million to upgrade the Northern Road, $286 million for Westmead Hospital, $196 million for Nepean Hospital. $108 million for Campbelltown Hospital.
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The Minister for Planning and Public Spaces, Rob Stokes, had smaller financial commitments including $113 million to create connected communities and $162 million to upgrade government-owned land and buy new land for public parklands as well as for increasing tree canopy across Sydney.
The NSW Budget demonstrates that the state’s finances are in a strong position but the reduction in expected stamp duty is warning signal that the housing market has problems in years ahead. 
The Urban Taskforce believes that the NSW Government needs to have a plan to ensuring the softening housing market is managed back into a strong position that handles population growth and continues the large number of jobs the industry generates.
CHRIS JOHNSON is the Urban Taskforce CEO
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cjohnson-8xfqfuuCSq

NSW Budget has little to help the housing sector: Chris Johnson

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Not much was focus was given to first home buyers in the New South Wales Budget given Premier Gladys Berejiklian already announced her housing affordability package which officially starts July 1.
The housing affordability package outlined first home buyers will receive a number of exemptions following announcements made in the NSW Budget handed down this week.
First home buyers wont have to pay stamp duty on homes up to $650,000 from July.
Stamp duty will be reduced for properties valued between $650,000 and $800,000
Affordability measures also include a $10,000 grant for first home buyers who are building a house, given the total value of the house and land does not exceed $750,000.
A $10,000 grant is also available for existing properties valued up to $600,000.
Some 75,000 homes under construction will be completed in the next financial year in the budget. 
John McGrath said NSW State Budget stamp duty cuts and grants for young buyers will "ultimately raise property prices due to higher competition."
But with Sydney and Melbourne at their peak pricing, McGrath suggests softening market conditions might balance out any price effect from greater first home buying activity.
'Especially if there are fewer investors in the market due to tighter lending restrictions," he said.
CoreLogic quoted recent ABS statistics showing that first home buyer activity in NSW hit a record low of 7.5 percent of new owner occupier mortgages last September and had increased only marginally since then to 8 percent in March this year.
"The long term average is 17 percent, so we’re a long way off that.
"I am concerned by the good initiative be funded largely by disincentivising investor activity and foreign ownership."
Jane Fitzgerald, NSW Executive Director of the Property Council said extra taxes on housing supply means extra cost for buyers and more expensive homes.
"The budget confirms that with an increase of 9.6 percent in residential property stamp duty revenue in 2016/17, the rivers of gold flowing from property taxes will fund essential services and programs next year and beyond," she said.  
"It also now suggests that significant additional costs could be imposed on the supply of the average home. 
"By 2020 that could add a billion dollars to the cost of delivering new homes in NSW. 
"Sydney’s housing supply pipeline ground to a halt less than a decade ago under the burden of excessive infrastructure taxes, so widening the net risks a repeat of recent history."
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

NSW Budget incentives for first home buyers 

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GUEST OBSERVER 
The Premier and Treasurer should be applauded for the record infrastructure spend and strong fiscal outcome in the NSW State budget, but needed to do more to ensure the dollars matched the rhetoric on the Government’s housing affordability plan.
The NSW built environment is being transformed by the Berejiklian Government’s $73 billion infrastructure spend and future generations will benefit enormously from this investment.
But, in a budget that trumpets an upgraded surplus of $4.5 billion this year, $2.7 billion next – and solid surpluses in the out years – it is disappointing to find that half a billion dollars of new taxes could be imposed on the property industry to fund the extra infrastructure investment foreseen in the government’s housing affordability plan.
For the first time, today’s budget papers revealed the Government expects to collect more than half a billion dollars from the property industry over the next four years to fund state infrastructure needed to support increasing housing supply. 
At the end of the day extra taxes on housing supply means extra cost for buyers and more expensive home.
Surely with the state budget so far in the black this impost could be avoided.
Budget papers stated that the expansion of State Infrastructure Contribution Scheme (SICs) to 10 new areas announced in the recently released NSW Government housing affordability plan would raise an additional $545 million in revenue.  
These additional costs were on top of the announcement as part of the Government’s housing affordability plan that the Local Infrastructure Growth Scheme would be closed in 2020 with a potentially significant cost shift to the property industry of almost $400 million.
The budget confirms that with an increase of 9.6 per cent in residential property stamp duty revenue in 2016/17, the rivers of gold flowing from property taxes will fund essential services and programs next year and beyond.  It also now suggests that significant additional costs could be imposed on the supply of the average home. 
By 2020 that could add a billion dollars to the cost of delivering new homes in NSW. 
Sydney’s housing supply pipeline ground to a halt less than a decade ago under the burden of excessive infrastructure taxes, so widening the net risks a repeat of recent history. 
The Property Council is very keen to work with the NSW Government to ensure this scenario does not play out. 
The strong surplus delivered in Treasurer Perrottet’s first budget was a terrific result that should be applauded along with the $72.7 billion infrastructure spend.
On infrastructure investment, overall economic management and managing the bottom-line the Premier and the Treasurer score 10 out of 10 but on improving housing affordability there are still questions to be answered. 
The Government needs to take serious care to ensure that secondary policy decisions, such as the cost shifting the new SICs envisage, do not torpedo the primary policy objective of improving housing affordability in this state. 
It was pleasing to see that the budget papers confirm that wholly or majority owned companies who were positively contributing to housing supply in NSW would be exempt from the foreign investment taxes imposed in last year’s budget and that the exemption would be backdated to June last year.
These were a direct tax on housing supply and the Premier and the Treasurer are to be congratulated for acknowledging and fixing this so quickly.
Jane Fitzgerald is NSW Executive Director of the Property Council,and can be <a href="https://www.propertycouncil.com.au/" target="_blank">contacted here</a>.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Strong NSW Budget should go further to tackle housing affordability crisis

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GUEST OBSERVER
The NSW Budget demonstrates good economic management but the housing construction sector must continue to perform.
The main risk to the very positive NSW Budget is the outlook for the housing market.
Budget Paper No 1, Section 3.4 states ‘The largest risk to the forecasts, both to the upside and the downside, is the outlook for the housing market...’
The Budget indicates that stamp duty from the housing sector is $8.8 billion for 2015 – 16, $9.6 billion for 2016 – 17 and predicted to be $9.6 billion for 2017 – 18.
These are massive inputs to the Budget amounting to 31% of the state’s taxation revenue.
The Budget treads a delicate path between actions to help with housing affordability while continuing to boost housing supply.
The Urban Taskforce is concerned that there are a number of trends in the planning system that could upset this balance and slow down housing supply and therefore reduce stamp duty revenue.
The Budget initiatives on housing affordability are to help first home owners by eliminating or reducing stamp duty but the former Governor of the Reserve Bank, Glenn Stevens, has raised concerns that the saving may simply flow into higher house prices.
Glenn Stevens, in his report to the NSW Government on housing affordability, also cautioned another initiative in the NSW Budget where a levy is to be added on stamp duty for foreign investors as this could slow down housing supply.
Other risks to the forecasts for the housing market include the growing trend of Sydney councils of adding 10-15 percent levies on new housing on new housing developments to provide for affordable housing.
The Urban Taskforce believes this has the flow on effect of inflating the price of the other 90 percent of housing in the development, making these homes more costly and unaffordable to buy, or it will make projects unfeasible and therefore reduce supply.
The continuing confusion over local council amalgamations is also a risk to effective planning decisions being made.
The allocation of $14 million in the Budget and $40 million over the next 40 years to housing affordability should ensure that the Office of Housing Coordination and the Housing Delivery staff in the Department of Planning and Environment will be able to unlock key projects that are caught up in the planning system.
The $123 million allocated to the Parramatta Road Urban Amenity Improvement Program is a positive input to help drive the renewal of this corridor. 
The high investment in infrastructure of $72.7 billion over 4 years is an important initiative to underpin population growth in the state and particularly in Sydney. The investment in the Sydney Metro is particularly important.
The allocation of $12.5 million ($70.6 million over 4 years) to accelerate major project assessments is also very positive.
Overall the Budget demonstrates that NSW is being well managed in terms of finance. Most of the Budget items were released before the Treasurer’s speech.
The Urban Taskforce is keen to work with the NSW Government to ensure that the economic and jobs boost coming from a vibrant housing market continues into future years.
 
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Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Positive NSW Budget- but housing construction a risk: Chris Johnson

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There's not going to be much news for the first home buyers within Tuesday's NSW state government budget.
That's because the Premier Gladys Berejiklian has already announced her housing affordability package which officially starts July 1.
It was a valiant effort, but one I felt without convincing reasoning for the major policy of relief for the first home buyer.
It had the impression of the state government being seen to do something under the weight of all the recent unaffordability headlines.
The NSW Government’s solution for housing affordability sees stamp duty abolished on all houses and apartments up to $650,000 and reduced stamp duty relief for homes up to $800,000.
The valid fear is the government's well intentioned measures could prove counter-productive and lead to an increase in prices if first home buyers who hold off during June, then rush into the market in July.
Indeed the Starr Partners agency quickly noted vendors seeking to prise more of of their offerings by asking their estate agents to list their homes for slightly more, given that first home buyers will soon have more to spend. 
"When first home buyer grants were introduced a few years ago, we saw the same thing," Douglas Driscoll, the Starr Partners chief noted.
Though it's unlikely to impact too deeply in Sydney’s inner and middle-ring suburbs as just 20 per cent of detached housing stock and 33 per cent of unit stock fall within the $650,000 price threshold for stamp duty exemptions.
No suburbs within a 25km radius of the CBD have a median house price under $650,000, while just 38 have median unit prices under the figure which has not been indexed.
CoreLogic noted across in the entire Sydney metropolitan area just 25 per cent of dwelling sales over the past year were at a price of $650,000 or less.
The measure will encourage higher update of apartments given their pricing.
As Driscoll said the affordability crisis is a Sydney issue, not a state wide issue so regional NSW first home buyers are set to benefit the most from the measure.
It will take a big rise in first time buyer demand to prop up the overall housing market, filling any gap by fewer investors should they exit in the market.
There was an historic four percent low of NSW housing finance commitments to owner occupier first home buyers in recent calculations compared to 46 percent of lending to investors. 
Young first home buyers who don't wish to rush the market after July 1 will no doubt seek out the Federal Budget's simple superannuation top-up scheme that offers generous tax breaks.
The Federal Government's headline housing measure also kicks in from July 1 when the first-home buyer can start to salary sacrifice into their super account.
Withdrawals for home purchasing, taxed at marginal tax rates less a 30 percent offset, will be allowed from 1 July 2018.
This article first appeared in The Daily Telegraph.
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Not much not already announced for first home buyers in NSW budget 

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Taxing foreign buyers, rather than any new hand outs to first home buyers, was the focus of the NSW State Government budget.
Treasurer Gladys Berejiklian said she wanted to be "cautious" when dealing with the property market given revenue growth was under pressure.
The State Government is not tipping any Sydney property market correction, just a likely easing.
The state budget didn't raise or lower property taxes, other than the much anticipated new taxes on foreign investors.
All foreign property investors in NSW will be hit with a 4 percent stamp duty surcharge when buying homes and apartments and face an ongoing extra 0.75 per cent land tax surcharge on their residential property holdings. It will mostly affect off the plan purchasing.
Treasurer Gladys Berejiklian said she was confident the extra taxes would not deter foreign buyers given other states had similiar measure. It is likely to come from the estimated 6000 annual purchasers made by foreign buyers from today.
"Economists say it is an inelastic market," she said, when asked if there could be any impact on the state's revenue and international standing. It follows similiar taxes in Victoria and Queensland.
Berejiklian's second state budget anticipates a slowing in stamp duty revenues from record levels of revenue from home sales.
But they will still get $8,777 million in the next financial year, then $9,124 million in 2017-2018.
"I don't apologise for be very cautious when it comes to the property market," she said.
Residential transfer duties are tipped to grow at 4.4 percent annually over the next four years, "significantly more subdued than the pace seen in recent years."
There was 13.6 percent growth in the current budget year, and a stunning 40 percent growth when the boom was its most "robust" in 2013.
The NSW State Budget officially revealed an extra $835 million in stamp duty revenue will come from foreign buyers over the next four years.
It also expects $166 million in over the next four years from land tax on foreign investors.
NSW land tax revenues are forecast to rise at a faster rate than stamp duty revenues.
Land tax on investors will yield 8.1 percent higher revenue every year for the next four years, taking revenues from $3,136 million this year to $3,761 million in 2019-20..
The housing boom longevity is not being assumed by the NSW Treasury who suggest price growth was "moderating."
Transfer duty represents 29% of state government revenue. Land tax represents 11%.
The budget papers noted there was potential downside risk of a decline in the broader housing market.
On the upside was "the impact of low, and possibly even lower interest rates leading to stronger housing construction and consumer spending," the budget papers advised.  
There was no change to NSW first home buyer grants in the state budget with the January 2016 reduction from $15,000 to $10,000 triggering a smaller govenment outlay.
Just $96 million was spent on the first home new home scheme this year, down on the $115 million in the 2014-15 year. The first home exemptions and concessions are estimated to sit at $88 million next financial year.
"We are doing every thing we can for first home buyers," Berejiklian said.
"The key thing is to continue to focus on supply," she added noting that there had been record levels of 70,000 new home construction in the year to April.
"We are spending on infrastructure in local areas conducive to housing." 
She anticipated any of the much-speculated glut in new Sydney apartments would contribute to housing affordability by putting "downward pressure on prices." 
"I appreciate the challenges people go through to get into the market."
She also signalled her concern at the Federal Labor's negative gearing tax policy. 
"Without being over dramatic I am concerned that the election of a Shorten government will jeopardise conditions in NSW," she said.
This article was first published by The Daily Telegraph. 
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