<section data-scroll-anchor="false" data-testid="conversation-turn-48" data-turn="assistant" data-turn-id="request-WEB:55d7c6ac-8e6d-4881-ad49-0ed9bf66d1cc-23" dir="auto">
<p data-end="447" data-start="0">Melbourne’s apartment market entered 2026 with renewed momentum, but the recovery is uneven, policy-driven, and increasingly shaped by constrained supply.</p>

<p data-end="447" data-start="0">According to the RPM Apartments &amp; Townhomes Market Report (April 2026), apartments have begun to outperform detached housing on key metrics,yet that performance is occurring against a backdrop of falling approvals and a tightening development pipeline.</p>

<p data-end="904" data-start="449">At the end of 2025, Melbourne unit values reached a three-year high of $656,500, recording quarterly growth of two per cent. That figure edged ahead of the 1.8 per cent growth recorded in the house market over the same period, marking a notable shift in relative performance. While modest in absolute terms, the outperformance is significant given the sustained dominance of houses through much of the previous cycle.</p>

<p data-end="1420" data-start="968">This shift has been driven in large part by policy. The federal government’s expanded five per cent Deposit Scheme has had a disproportionate impact on apartment demand, particularly in Melbourne where the $950,000 price cap captures a large share of medium- and high-density stock.</p>

<p data-end="1420" data-start="968">As RPM notes, the scheme “heavily favours medium and high-density dwellings,” effectively accelerating demand in the apartment sector.</p>

<p data-end="1822" data-start="1422">The impact is most visible in buyer activity. Victoria recorded more than 43,000 new housing loans in Q4 2025, the highest quarterly volume since mid-2022 and one of the strongest results in over a decade. This lift was broad-based across all buyer types, with first home buyers, owner-occupiers and investors all returning to the market with greater confidence.</p>

<p data-end="2308" data-start="1876">This surge in demand has flowed directly into apartment pricing, particularly in Melbourne’s middle and outer rings. Middle-ring unit values reached approximately $757,500, a four-year high, while outer-ring units climbed to a record $650,000. Quarterly growth of 2.9 per cent and 2.5 per cent respectively significantly outpaced both the inner ring (0.8 per cent) and the broader house market.</p>

<p data-end="966" data-start="906">&nbsp;</p>

<p data-end="966" data-start="906"><img alt="RPM" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="4628dde5-ad63-4b03-b18e-77d0f750e2aa" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-04-24%20at%209.23.32%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=ig6mqc7Oz7UaszRuzULrGtLPUxGf4NJC" /></p>

<p data-end="2353" data-start="2310">&nbsp;</p>

<p data-end="2746" data-start="2355">The divergence between apartments and houses is also being shaped by affordability. Detached housing remains out of reach for many buyers, pushing demand toward apartments as a more accessible entry point into well-located suburbs. This is particularly evident among first home buyers and downsizers, both of whom are increasingly prioritising location, amenity and lifestyle over land size.</p>

<p data-end="3059" data-start="2748">At the same time, population growth continues to underpin demand. Victoria added more than 122,000 residents in the year to Q3 2025, with Melbourne attracting both overseas migrants and interstate movers, partly due to its relative affordability compared to other capitals.</p>

<p data-end="3115" data-start="3061">&nbsp;</p>

<p data-end="3115" data-start="3061"><img alt="Population" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="49e10567-a8b3-47c3-afbd-290f0bb62c49" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-04-24%20at%209.22.25%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=.2Drmko4TPh02X55JdF3mIC1EcG0ZfGl" /></p>

<p data-end="3207" data-start="3117">However, the most critical factor shaping the apartment market is not demand, it is supply.</p>

<p data-end="3663" data-start="3209">Apartment approvals across Greater Melbourne have fallen sharply, signalling a constrained pipeline of future stock. In Q4 2025, just 2,339 apartments were approved, down 20 per cent on the previous quarter and 47 per cent lower than the same period a year earlier. On an annual basis, 11,066 apartment approvals were recorded, an improvement on the previous year, but still well below medium- and long-term averages.</p>

<p data-end="3710" data-start="3665">&nbsp;</p>

<p data-end="3710" data-start="3665"><img alt="Apartment approvals" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="12f2e7bc-fe01-40c0-80b5-9e829b279d98" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-04-24%20at%209.21.56%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=5mnIXkXGoDgIJdAFhA0alm0cSKzEytqZ" /></p>

<p data-end="4035" data-start="3712">This decline reflects a broader contraction cycle that has been underway since 2020. As RPM notes, “apartment approvals appear to be sliding back into a downward trend,” with developers increasingly focused on launching and completing existing projects rather than initiating new ones.</p>

<p data-end="4519" data-start="4037">The reasons are well understood. Construction costs have risen more than 20 per cent since 2021, driven largely by labour shortages and material price escalation. At the same time, financing conditions have tightened, with lenders requiring higher contingencies and taking a more cautious approach to risk. Combined with recent interest rate rises, these factors have made feasibility more challenging, particularly for higher-density projects.</p>

<p data-end="4910" data-start="4521">This dynamic is creating a disconnect in the market. Demand for apartments—particularly at the more affordable end—is strengthening, while the pipeline of new supply is weakening. In the short term, this may limit the number of new projects coming to market. Over the medium term, however, it is likely to support price resilience and potentially further outperformance relative to houses.</p>

<p data-end="5296" data-start="4912">There are some signs of policy-driven supply response. The introduction of Victoria’s Mid-Rise Code, which streamlines approvals for four- to six-storey developments, is expected to improve delivery in well-serviced middle-ring locations. However, this is unlikely to materially offset the broader decline in apartment approvals in the near term.</p>

<p data-end="6044" data-start="5747">Despite the positive momentum at the end of 2025, the outlook for 2026 has become more complex. Two interest rate rises early in the year have already impacted consumer confidence, while broader cost pressures, particularly energy and fuel, are feeding through to construction and development costs.</p>

<p data-end="6206" data-start="6046">“Victoria’s built form market ended 2025 on a high, but early 2026 rate rises quickly reversed the momentum,” RPM notes.</p>

<p data-end="6548" data-start="6208">The implication is that while apartments are currently outperforming houses, the trajectory of that outperformance will depend on how these competing forces evolve. Policy support and affordability are clearly working in favour of apartments, but constrained supply and rising costs are likely to shape the pace and nature of future growth.</p>

<p data-end="6858" data-start="6550">What is increasingly clear is that apartments are playing a more central role in Melbourne’s housing market. As population growth continues and affordability pressures intensify, higher-density housing is becoming not just an alternative to detached homes, but a primary solution to the city’s housing needs.</p>
</section>


Joel Robinson

Units lead Melbourne price growth as apartments outperform houses: RPM

<p>Brunswick is set for some of its largest apartments ever delivered with the upcoming new development Frith &amp; Howarth, where the apartments are around 20 per cent larger than what has come before it in the sought-after suburb.</p>

<p>Developer Young Group focused its design on Frith &amp; Howarth around size and scale, but within a boutique building, to create a mini neighbourhood within the mid-rise development. There are just 24 apartments in the mid-rise building on Victoria Street, a short walk to Brunswick Station and the cafe and dining strip along Sydney Road.</p>

<p>“We spent hours comparing what’s currently on the market so we could offer genuine points of difference,” Young Group says, pointing to room sizing, storage, and functional planning as key drivers behind the design.</p>

<p>All of the two-bedroom apartments in the building have been snapped up, with just the large three- and four-bedroom apartments, with the biggest floorplans and best outlooks, remaining.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=134317 project_image_fid=354139]</p>

<p>Apartments open directly into open-plan living zones where full-height glazing draws light deep into the apartment. Sliding doors extend the space outward to terraces, many oriented toward the adjacent park or back toward the city skyline.</p>

<p>Kitchens sit within this central space, anchored by sculptural island benches that reference the building’s faceted exterior language. Storage is integrated across multiple layers, overhead cabinetry, concealed joinery, and, in larger configurations, dedicated sculleries or butler’s pantries.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=134317 project_image_fid=354137]</p>

<p>The penthouse is the largest ever offered in Brunswick. The penthouse measures nearly 400 sqm all-up, with 242 sqm of internal space complimented by a further 149 sqm of terraces.</p>

<p>It spans the whole top floor and has four bedrooms, four bathrooms, and parking for four cars.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=134317 project_image_fid=354133]</p>

<p>Low maintenance resident amenity has been created in the form of a landscaped rooftop, complete with&nbsp;vegetable plots, outdoor cooking areas, and aflresco dining spaces, designed as a place for neighbours to gather outside of their homes.</p>

<p>“To enable connection with neighbours, generous rooftop gardens with communal spaces and outdoor cooking areas offer a chance to develop a sense of community,” says John Patrick, Principal of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/landscape-architect/john-patrick-landscape-architects">John Patrick Landscape Architects</a>.&nbsp;</p>

<p>“Private open spaces with a selection of native and exotic plantings and gorgeous city views on the rooftop create a high-end aesthetic, with a low maintenance lifestyle. The perfect balance, so that residents can enjoy a serene living space.”</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=134317 project_image_fid=354134]</p>

<p>Sustainability is embedded at both the building and apartment level. <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/frith-howarth-288-290-victoria-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Frith &amp; Howarth</a> is one of only a small number of all-electric residential developments in Brunswick, supported by solar infrastructure, EV-ready parking, and high-performance glazing. These measures sit alongside less visible systems such as rainwater reuse and high-grade insulation, reducing long-term operational costs while maintaining consistent internal conditions.</p>

<p>Positioned within walking distance of Brunswick Station, Route 96 trams, and established retail along Sydney Road and Barkly Square, the development balances access to transport with proximity to open space, a combination that has become increasingly difficult to secure in inner-city sites.</p>

<p>“These exquisite homes are nestled in a culturally diverse neighbourhood, with parklands and nature right on your doorstep,” says Young Group.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134317]</p>


Frith & Howarth to deliver Brunswick’s largest apartments

<p><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/prince-parade-by-mirvac-brunswick-701-park-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Prince &amp; Parade</a> in Brunswick is entering its final stages of construction, with the removal of the project’s last tower crane and the unveiling of the building’s full façade marking a significant milestone ahead of completion this coming spring.</p>

<p>The Park Street development, designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/bates-smart">Bates Smart</a>&nbsp;and Mirvac Design with landscaping by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/landscape-architect/jack-merlo">Jack Merlo</a>, is now largely structurally complete, with internal works progressing across the 169-apartment project opposite Princes Park.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/mirvac-construction">Mirvac Construction</a> Project Manager Sam Payne said the latest update reflects a transition from structure to refinement.</p>

<p>“Since our last update, all façade panels have been installed and the scaffolding and gantry has come down, unveiling the building in its full form for the very first time,” Payne said.</p>

<p>“A significant milestone was reached this month with the removal of our final tower crane, signalling the completion of major structural works and a pivotal step forward in the building’s transformation.”</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=4802 project_image_fid=366856]</p>

<p>Apartments are now well advanced internally, with joinery completed to level eight and tiling to level six, alongside the delivery of a prototype apartment used to set the benchmark for the remaining residences.</p>

<p>This next phase coincides with the release of a completed furnished residence, styled by MCM House, and the introduction of private buyer tours, giving purchasers a clearer understanding of the finished product ahead of settlement.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/prince-parade-by-mirvac-brunswick-701-park-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Prince &amp; Parade</a> will comprise 169 one to four-bedroom apartments, with completion targeted for early spring. Interiors focus on natural materials and muted tones with two design schemes, while kitchens and bathrooms adopt a restrained palette anchored by stone, timber and textured finishes.</p>

<p>Bates Smart Director Jeffery Copolov said the project reflects a shared design direction centred on liveability and sustainability.</p>

<p>“Blending Mirvac and Bates Smart’s focus on wellness and sustainability, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/prince-parade-by-mirvac-brunswick-701-park-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Prince &amp; Parade</a> offers a new kind of conscious, elevated living in Melbourne’s inner north,” Copolov said.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.urban.com.au/new-apartments/prince-parade-by-mirvac-brunswick-701-park-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Prince &amp; Parade</a> presents Mirvac's third parkside collaboration with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.urban.com.au/architects/bates-smart">Bates Smart</a>&nbsp;in Victoria.&nbsp;Their previous collaborations delivered two of the city’s landmark apartment buildings: The Melburnian opposite Kings Domain and The Eastbourne on Fitzroy Gardens.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=4802 project_image_fid=366857]</p>

<p>A key focus of the development is its landscape-led amenity offering. The central courtyard, spanning around 600 sqm, will feature established trees and planting grown off-site, alongside communal lawns and seating areas designed for everyday use.</p>

<p>Development Manager James Gardner said the outdoor spaces are central to the project’s lifestyle positioning.</p>

<p>“<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/prince-parade-by-mirvac-brunswick-701-park-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Prince &amp; Parade</a> isn’t just a home, it’s a complete lifestyle offering, and the resident amenity is just one example of the elevated living experience the soon-to-be-complete building will be known for,” Gardner said.</p>

<p>The courtyard connects to a series of shared indoor and outdoor spaces, including a residents’ lounge, dining room, library and secondary west-facing garden area, designed as extensions of the apartments themselves.</p>

<p>Located directly opposite Princes Park and around four kilometres from the CBD, the development places residents within one of Melbourne’s most established inner-north precincts, with access to open space, transport and the retail and hospitality offerings of Brunswick and Carlton.</p>

<p>With façade works complete and landscaping and final finishes now underway, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/prince-parade-by-mirvac-brunswick-701-park-street-brunswick-vic-3056">Prince &amp; Parade</a> is moving into its most active construction phase, with permanent services and external works to be finalised in the coming months ahead of completion in spring.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=4802]</p>


Mirvac’s latest landmark, Prince & Parade Brunswick, enters final construction phase

<p>Boutique Perth developer ADC has unveiled its latest project.</p>

<p>The developer, which focuses on bringing apartments to some of Perth's most premium inner-city and riverside suburbs, has launched <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/mos-lane-mosman-park-46-manning-street-mosman-park-wa-6012">Mos Lane</a>, 68 luxury apartments and townhouses in the heart of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/mosman-park-wa-6012">Mosman Park</a>.</p>

<section data-scroll-anchor="true" data-testid="conversation-turn-124" data-turn="assistant" data-turn-id="request-69e027bc-1530-839b-a316-e9dad2cbd4d9-34" dir="auto">
<p data-end="496" data-start="78">Alongside the one-, two-, three- and four-bedroom apartments, the development will also include five two-level townhomes and two luxe penthouses. ADC is also introducing a significant retail offering for residents through Mos Lane Village, which will feature a wellness studio, fish and chips shop, barber, and florist, adding a layer of amenity not typically found in the predominantly residential Mosman Park area.</p>

<p data-end="876" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="" data-start="498">Construction has already commenced on the project, which sits just a short walk from the Swan River, Mosman Park Bowls Club, and Mosman Park Golf Course.</p>

<p data-end="876" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="" data-start="498">House Agency Directors Tom House and Lachlan McDonald say they are fielding the majority of buyer interest from local downsizers, as well as buyers with a long-standing affinity for Mosman Park.</p>
</section>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=148957 project_image_fid=364591]</p>

<p>Mos Lane will comprise two buildings; Samson House and Manning House, which have been designed by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/nelson-koo">Nelson + Koo</a>, an emerging design consultancy specialising in the masterplanning and design of mixed use places and spaces.</p>

<p>The two buildings adopt distinct architectural responses to their surroundings. Manning House references the strong roof forms of nearby homes, with floorplates oriented to maximise light and long-range views, while Samson House is organised around a central atrium designed to bring daylight deep into the building and create a greater sense of openness.</p>

<p>At ground level, the inclusion of five townhomes introduces a typology more commonly associated with Mosman Park’s established streets, each with private courtyards and direct frontage, offering a transition between traditional housing and apartment living.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=148957 project_image_fid=364103]</p>

<p>Interiors have been led by Melbourne-based Hecker Guthrie, with an emphasis on practical, long-term liveability. Residences incorporate sculpted joinery, generous storage and flexible multi-purpose rooms that can adapt to changing household needs, whether for working from home, guest accommodation or additional living space.</p>

<p>Material selections draw on a restrained palette of textured stone, timber and neutral tones, with options for lighter or darker schemes. Detailing such as fluted glass, full-height joinery and integrated appliances is intended to balance functionality with a more refined residential finish.</p>

<p>Outdoor spaces are a consistent feature across the development, with balconies and terraces designed for dining and entertaining, and larger apartments incorporating outdoor kitchens. Orientation has been considered to allow residents to choose between morning or afternoon sun, while mature street trees and landscaped communal areas contribute to a softer streetscape.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=148957 project_image_fid=364107]</p>

<p>Shared amenities are positioned to support both day-to-day convenience and occasional use. These include a private dining room with a caterer’s kitchen, alfresco entertaining areas, and a bookable guest suite for visiting friends and family. Additional practical features such as a resident workshop, storage facilities, car and pet wash areas, and concierge-style services for cleaning and dry-cleaning collection reflect a focus on usability.</p>

<p>Positioned between the Swan River and Cottesloe Beach, and within reach of schools such as Iona Presentation College and St Hilda’s Anglican School, the development is aimed at a broad buyer group, from downsizers seeking a lower-maintenance alternative to larger homes, through to local residents looking to remain in the area in a different housing format.</p>

<p>Mos Lane represents one of the more significant additions to Mosman Park’s limited pipeline, combining new housing supply with a village-style retail centre in a suburb where opportunities for large-scale redevelopment are relatively constrained.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=148957]</p>


Living village precinct set for Mosman Park as ADC launches Mos Lane

<p>An entity linked to I&amp;D Group Founder Ivan Filipović has filed plans for a new residential development at 188–202 Swan Street in Cremorne, targeting a prominent site within the tightly held Swan Street activity corridor.</p>

<p>The proposal seeks to redevelop the consolidated Swan Street landholding into a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/188-202-swan-street-cremorne-vic-3121">high-density mixed-use project</a>, replacing a series of existing commercial buildings with a significantly scaled residential outcome. The planning submission positions the development as a response to increasing demand for housing in well-connected inner-urban locations, particularly within established activity centres.</p>

<p>Plans outline the construction of a 14-storey building delivering 165 apartments above a four-level basement, alongside a ground-floor retail and commercial offering designed to activate the streetscape. A key feature of the scheme is a new north–south pedestrian link connecting Swan Street to Railway Place, intended to “enhance permeability and provide an active, publicly accessible connection through the site.”</p>

<p><img alt="First Look: Plans lodged for Ivan Filipović-linked Cremorne apartment project on Swan Street" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7332a8f8-dd2b-483d-b86e-320658838c84" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/cremorne.png?VersionId=cXm8vAaRdHh.LpYVbecrRkjckgu9mtAF" /></p>

<p>The development will retain part of the existing built form at 198–200 Swan Street, while the remainder of the site will be cleared to accommodate the new structure. Basement levels will provide 196 car spaces and 113 bicycle spaces, with vehicle access from Railway Place. Communal amenity is distributed across the building, including a shared outdoor area on Level 1 and a rooftop terrace for residents.</p>

<p>Ground level uses include retail tenancies fronting Swan Street and the pedestrian link, a residential lobby, and a flexible commercial space positioned to support community-oriented uses. The planning report notes this space “could be offered as a flexible space within the development for community groups,” supporting short-term or longer-term occupancy arrangements.</p>

<p><img alt="First Look: Plans lodged for Ivan Filipović-linked Cremorne apartment project on Swan Street" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8208bf7b-cc67-485d-ad0f-1d73a74c907f" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/cremorne%20lane.png?VersionId=69ctjC0txXv0zCHy7qQUpJyGwvPAT7gw" /></p>

<p>The site sits within the Swan Street Major Activity Centre, surrounded by a mix of retail, hospitality, and emerging residential development, and directly opposite tram services along Swan Street. East Richmond Station is located to the south, providing strong rail connectivity, while the broader Cremorne precinct continues to evolve as a mixed-use hub.</p>

<p>I&amp;D Group, founded by Ivan Filipović, is regarded as one of Victoria’s largest formwork contractors, partnering with major construction firms across large-scale public and private developments. The Swan Street proposal signals a move into development-backed opportunities tied to strategic inner-city sites.</p>


First Look: Plans lodged for Cremorne apartment project on Swan Street

Credit Crunch

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<div>There were nervous onlookers aplenty as APRA Chairman Wayne Byres prepared to speak in Sydney last week on prudential lending standards and sound lending practices.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>They needn't have been quite so fearful, in the event, as Byres reassured markets that while heightened scrutiny had uncovered some displeasing practices, most of the heavy lifting has already been done with regards to tighter lending standards.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>For subscribers to our market reports, a number of familiar themes raised: tightening standards have been applied incrementally over a period of several years (rather than overnight as often assumed), a new focus on comprehensive credit reporting to better capture pre-existing debt commitments of borrowers, and some very useful analysis of lower loan-to-value ratios and the decline of interest-only loans. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>While much has been made of a potential 'credit crunch' - mainly by interests hoping to see a credit crunch, it must be said - Byres reiterated how in aggregate annual credit growth has continued to track at 'very healthy' levels, especially for owner-occupiers at about 8 per cent.<br><br>Of course, there are many unknowns about how this will all play out from here. Some parts of the housing market will fare well where demand from homebuyers is high, and others will struggle where the opposite holds true.<br><br><em>Caveat emptor.</em>
</div>
<div><em> </em></div>
<div><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Computer says no credit crunch</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>As Byres was busy adjusting his tie pre-speech in Sydney, financial markets were digesting the latest housing finance figures for the month of May.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Supporting what Byres would go on to say in his speech, there was a seasonally adjusted <em>increase </em>in the number of mortgages written across all loan categories, defying market expectations, and a corresponding increase in the total value of lending.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The 'trend' figures are still shaping lower, but at $31.9 billion the seasonally adjusted housing finance figures were pointing to anything but a credit crunch, especially for the homebuyer cohort.</div>
<p> </p>
<div class="separator"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9qcKV8e6VMk/W0WgxdkJlzI/AAAAAAAArAU/_QoKjOjlLjACVEwN5shP6yjjT1cHkehbgCLcBGAs/s640/HF1.jpg" width="640" height="364" data-original-height="785" data-original-width="1378"></div>
<div class="separator"> </div>
<div>The average loan size for both first homebuyers ($344,600) and non-first homebuyers ($412,000) also hit a record high in May - both in monthly and rolling annual terms - so it appears that those borrowers able to commit to a loan have not seen borrowing capacity trimmed as much as feared, at least in aggregate. </div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NeN8sCx2QBU/W0WkChZvp7I/AAAAAAAArAo/b4bh7Uixy3olAUp0eP05tBZDUfIqmftmQCLcBGAs/s640/HF2.jpg" width="640" height="368" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="1388"></div>
<p><br><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Where to from here?</span></strong><br><br></p>
<div>Clearly no credit crunch in these figures, then, but my sense is that everyone would feel a bit happier with the world if the household debt to disposable income ratio was seen to be no longer rising from its present level of 1.9x. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>APRA has played its part in tightening lending standards for investors, rapidly reducing the stock and flow of interest-only loans (meaning more Aussies paying are now down their debt), and ensuring that new borrowers are stress-tested with what are very significant mortgage rate buffers. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It's interesting to consider momentarily how so much market commentary has become morbidly fixated on a bad news narrative, almost wilfully overlooking a string of upbeat data over recent months.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Westpac reported this morning that its consumer confidence index had surged to the highest level since all the way back in 2013, mirroring Aig's index showing the services sector expanding at the fastest pace on record, and jobs vacancies firing to their highest ever level.<br><br>So much for it all being doom and gloom!</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Meanwhile the unemployment rate is easing back towards the lowest level in years, exports are tracking at record highs, and the rolling annual Budget deficit is in the best nick in a decade.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>All sanguine observers are quite clear on the missing piece of the puzzle, though: wages growth!</div>
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

Lenders gonna lend: Pete Wargent

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<p>It's well known that most <a href="http://petewargent.com/2019/01/10/being-approximately-right-not-precisely-wrong/" target="_blank">market predictions</a> are a <a href="http://petewargent.com/2018/01/04/forecasting-fails/" target="_blank">waste of time</a>: they usually just project <a href="http://petewargent.com/2019/01/02/the-small-numbers-fallacy/" target="_blank">more of what's been happening</a>, and are rarely much chop at picking turning points. </p>
<div>With almost no housing market activity over the long Easter break, this does feel like a potential <a href="http://petewargent.com/2018/01/07/tipping-point/" target="_blank">inflection point</a> - for better or worse - and certainly it's as a good a time as any for a largely baseless opinion piece. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It's clear that the speculative heat has been well and truly removed from the housing market by the credit squeeze and a range of other factors. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In fact, the reverse is now the case, with investor credit growth running at the lowest level in Australia's history.</div>
<div> </div>
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<div> </div>
<div>The stock of interest-only loans has been spectacularly reduced by regulatory tweaks and is also at the lowest share on record: probably down to about 21 per cent of residential loans by value by the end of this quarter, representing an epic decline from 39 per cent in early 2017.</div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vs6el-7xifQ/XLruWdo0rGI/AAAAAAAAvnc/6IwelGesDFw8hDZAAykHULqm7pmjhagtACLcBGAs/s1600/APRA1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vs6el-7xifQ/XLruWdo0rGI/AAAAAAAAvnc/6IwelGesDFw8hDZAAykHULqm7pmjhagtACLcBGAs/s640/APRA1.jpg" width="640" height="364" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="1409"></a></div>
<p><span>The share of high LVR lending is also tracking at around the lowest level on recent record.</span></p>
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<p><br><span>Low-doc lending, meanwhile, has been all but eliminated over the past decade. </span></p>
<div>Average paper net rental losses (aka. 'negative gearing') claimed are at the lowest level in almost a decade-and-a-half, with further declines in the post on rising yields, lower mortgage rates, and changes to allowable deductions for plant and equipment depreciation and travel. </div>
<div><span> </span></div>
<div><span>With loans being tested for serviceability at 7¼ per cent lending metrics have, if anything, become too conservative, and borrowing capacity has in many cases been reduced by 20 to 40 per cent (or simply eliminated entirely for many portfolio investors).  </span></div>
<div><span> </span></div>
<div><span>Almost every way you look at it, credit has rarely been so tough to come by. </span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Prices cooled since early 2017</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>If the housing market downturn was to end here then I reckon most sober commentators and respected international observers would applaud a job well executed. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In any event, a lot of the 'bubble' talk is way overdone.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>There's a lot of debt on a gross basis; but mortgage serviceability isn't particularly stretched, while there's also been an unprecedented build-up in cash and cash equivalents, mortgage buffers, and balances in offset accounts.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>In Adelaide it's not all that hard to buy a house for the same price as a decade ago, which given where mortgage rates have gone must represent about a 50 per cent improvement in affordability (without backing this statement up with any hard numbers). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In Brisbane apartment prices are often seen to be lower than they were almost a dozen years ago, so affordability is now stupendously high compared to where it was. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Housing prices had already declined for years in Perth; and they've been roundly smashed in Darwin.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The major house price gains since 2012 were seen in Sydney, where median prices have since declined over a period of more than two years by about 13 per cent, representing a real decline versus incomes nudging about 20 per cent from the peak (much more in parts of Western Sydney, according to a piece in the AFR this week). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It seems that most of the regulatory actions taken to cool the housing market have all but washed through, but despite the lower fixed mortgage rates on offer lately market activity is still awfully gummed up.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>And there's still a non-trivial possibility that the actions taken to promote financial stability, in the end, sink it. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The economy has been stymied for some time now, with two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth in per capita terms possibly set to be repeated for a third quarter. Consumption and retail are weak. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>It's difficult to get an accurate real-time reading of housing market turnover but many experienced commentators seem to believe it's at the lowest level on record. </div>
<div>
<br>So, what gives?</div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Responsible lending: level up</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>A major part of the challenge for activity in the housing market is some of the breathtaking pedantry related to mortgage applications, which I've experienced a bit of, but often only mortgage brokers have a really good feel for. </div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JG7UzCC5iT4/XLruWrgS01I/AAAAAAAAvnk/ef8TSFTV3Wc2-_5hoNtClGB4brfhpKnnwCLcBGAs/s640/APRA3.jpg" width="640" height="310" data-original-height="349" data-original-width="719"></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="separator"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PTwCs7Ka104/XLr1vo2gdjI/AAAAAAAAvoM/d5N4y64uIc4NisobrNKGdRHTbl8wxrv0ACLcBGAs/s640/Perth.jpg" width="640" height="226" data-original-height="268" data-original-width="755"></div>
<p> </p>
<div>There's always a chance that responsible lending morphs into a nanny state mentality, and this is now almost literally becoming so in some cases.</div>
<p> </p>
<div class="separator"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kaKMGR8IQOE/XLruXr4RJ-I/AAAAAAAAvno/FKcZTVfD1z43-VKp6V9u4ibDkXDuOrKlwCLcBGAs/s640/APRA4.jpg" width="640" height="142" data-original-height="162" data-original-width="721"></div>
<div class="separator"> </div>
<div class="separator"> </div>
<div>When lenders are stress-testing for scenarios incorporating up to the equivalent of a dozen or more rate hikes it defies belief that a homebuyer registering for Netflix or using Uber might be grounds for the refusal of a loan, but the banking Royal Commission brought this level of paranoia to the fore. </div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><img src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l9qWpR2REqU/XLruX6zkBoI/AAAAAAAAvns/1Sg96dEAxc8rUDuRYnDAe_yKthlm8oGDACLcBGAs/s640/APRA5.jpg" width="640" height="354" data-original-height="352" data-original-width="635"></div>
<div> </div>
<div>These sometimes amusing and apparently trivial examples are merely the tip of the iceberg in what has been at times a truly Titanic pile of administrative poppycock.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Everyone involved in mortgage lending knows that consumer behaviour and discretionary spend changes post-purchase, so all this rigmarole is largely fruitless and may now be effectively adding to FS risks rather than reducing them. </div>
<div> </div>
<div><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Tipping point</span></strong></div>
<div> </div>
<div>Lower interest rates alone don't fix this; but in truth I don't know what does. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Maybe it's the simply passage of time.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Perhaps lenders need some assurance that they aren't going to be hauled over the coals even more than has already been the case. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>By the same token prospective homebuyers would doubtless like to see more certainty given the recent shifting of goalposts (with further changes to market dynamics now proposed by the Labor Party). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Whatever's the case, something needs to get mortgages flowing dependably again, or else there's a risk that the measures to shore up risks in the housing market will no longer be hailed as a success, but instead blamed for capsizing it.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<em>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of AllenWargent property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogger</a>.</em><span> </span>
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Speculative heat removed from the housing market by the credit squeeze: Pete Wargent

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<p>EXPERT OBSERVER</p>
<p>Australian household debt levels have increased substantially over the past thirty years, with the ratio of household debt to annual disposable income rising from 68% in June 1990 to a recent peak of 188.5% in June 2019. Since June last year, the ratio has reduced slightly to 185.0%. Most of the debt held by households is housing debt, which comprises around 76% of overall household debt. Thirty years ago housing debt comprised a much smaller 46% of overall household debt.</p>
<p>The skew towards housing debt can also be seen in the latest Household Income and Wealth survey from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which showed the median value of debt held against owner occupied dwellings was $102,600, compared with a median debt level of $5,000 for student loans, $3,000 on credit cards and $3,700 on car loans. Most of Australia’s household debt accrual occurred between 1990 and 2010.</p>
<p>The ratio of household debt to income increased by 45.7 percentage points between 1990 and 2000, and by another 49.3 percentage points between 2000 and 2010. The past decade has seen growth in the ratio more than half to 21.5 percentage points, with most of that growth aligned with the property boom between late 2012 and 2017.</p>
<p>Importantly, the value of assets held against the debt has recorded a more significant increase, pushing household net worth to new record highs at the end of 2019. Residential dwellings comprise by far the largest component of household assets, totaling $6.8 trillion, or 53% of household wealth. Household debt levels are important for two reasons.</p>
<p>Heavily indebted households are generally more vulnerable to a ‘shock’ such as job loss, illness or a sharp rise in the cost of debt, which in turn has implications for financial stability. The other key area of concern relates to household spending; heavily indebted households may be more likely to save rather than spend during periods of uncertainty or economic hardship. With around 60% of Australia’s economy dependent on household consumption, a sustained drop in spending activity would have a negative impact on economic growth.</p>
<p>These risks were recently covered in detail by the RBA in a discussion paper released in May this year. The outcomes of the paper noted the risk to financial stability was likely to be relatively low due moderate loan-to-valuation ratios on residential mortgages. In separate analysis from the latest Financial Stability Review, the RBA notes that only 3% of Australian mortgages are thought to be in negative equity. The risks associated with high household debt levels weighing on consumption are more substantial, especially under a scenario where housing prices fell.</p>
<p>While household debt is high, and potentially a concern for consumption, servicing debt is at its most affordable since 1999 due to record low interest rates. The ratio of housing interest payments to household disposable income has more than halved since 2008, from a high of 13.3% to 6.4% in June 2020. With interest rates moving lower since June, it is likely the ratio has fallen even further. Another factor helping to minimise risk is the fact that asset values are substantially higher than the debt held against them.</p>
<p>The ratio of household debt to household assets was 19.4% and the ratio of housing debt to housing assets was 28.2% in June 2020, implying a remarkably large amount of equity is held within the household sector. Other factors helping to alleviate risk associated with high household debt, and potentially support a reduction in debt levels are credit policy and less consumer appetite for credit. Lending standards have improved over the past five to ten years, with a trend towards fewer loans originating with a high loan to valuation ratio and substantially fewer interest only loans.</p>
<p>9.2% of home loans were originated with a deposit of 10% or less in June this year, down from a recent peak of 22% in 2009. Similarly, interest only loans comprised almost 46% of new home loans in mid2015, but have averaged only 17% of new lending since mid-2017. Additionally, loans with a high loan to income ratio have remained low, with June data showing only 5.8% of new home loans were originated with a loan to income ratio of 6% or higher.</p>
<p>It is clear that households became more risk averse through the worst of the COVID period. National accounts data showed the household saving ratio skyrocketed to almost 20% through the June quarter, up from 2.5% in the June quarter of 2019. Given that the virus curve has flattened and consumer sentiment surged in recent months, it is likely the saving ratio will drop. Additionally, the trend in personal credit, which has been in negative monthly growth territory since late 2019, has plummeted since March.</p>
<p>Although the risks around high household debt are manageable at the moment, interest rates will eventually rise down the track.</p>
<p>As debt servicing costs move higher, a heavily indebted household sector would need to devote more of their income towards servicing debt and less to spending, which implies a medium-to-long term risk to household spending. This implies high debt levels may also stagger and slow an economic recovery. If increases in housing debt servicing costs result from higher interest rates, the exacerbated drag on spending could slow economic growth.</p>
<p>Additionally, with household debt remaining high, the sector is more exposed to unforeseen events such as job loss and illness, as well as black swan events like a pandemic or financial crisis. It is likely policy makers and regulators will be keeping watch for any signs of rising household debt or slippage in lending standards that could lead to higher household debt.</p>
<p>Higher LVR lending or higher loan to income ratios could be the trigger for a new round of macro-prudential style intervention. Recent macro-prudential interventions targeted interest only lending and growth in lending for investment housing through 2014 and 2019. Future interventions may be aimed at keeping a lid on household debt levels, and minimizing longer term risk, via firm limits on loan to valuation ratios, loan to income ratios or debt to income ratios.</p>
<p><strong>TIM LAWLESS </strong><em>is the research director Asia Pacific at CoreLogic</em></p>
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tlawless-5VLUrbAk9s

Growing household debt could cause a credit squeeze: Tim Lawless

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<p>Home loan credit conditions tightened more than was probably required, the RBA governor Philip Lowe said today. </p>
<p>"Overall, the evidence is that a tightening in credit supply has contributed to the slowdown in credit growth," he told the <span>AFR Business Summit.</span></p>
<p>"The main story, though, is one of reduced demand for credit, rather than reduced supply.</p>
<p>"Even though the slowing in credit growth is largely a demand story, we are watching credit availability closely.</p>
<p>"It is perhaps stating the obvious to say that we want lenders who are both prudent and who are prepared to take risk.</p>
<p>"As lenders recalibrated their risk controls last year, the balance may have moved too far in some cases.</p>
<p>"This meant that credit conditions tightened more than was probably required.</p>
<p>"Now, as lenders continue to seek the right balance, we need to remember that it is important that banks are prepared to take credit risk.</p>
<p>"And it's important that they have the capacity to manage that risk well.</p>
<p>"If they can't do this, then the economy will suffer," Dr Lowe said.</p>
<p>"It has also been apparent through our liaison that some lenders became more cautious last year."<br><br>"No discussion of housing prices is complete without touching on interest rates and the availability of finance. The low interest rates over the past decade did increase people's capacity to borrow and made it more attractive to borrow to buy an asset whose price was appreciating. But the increase in housing prices is not just about low interest rates."</p>
<p>Dr Lowe noted that recently there had been much attention paid to the availability of credit.</p>
<p>"This attention has coincided with a noticeable slowing in housing credit growth, especially to investors (Graph 10).</p>
<div>
<div> </div>
<img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2019/images/sp-gov-2019-03-06-graph10.gif" alt="Graph 10: Housing credit growth">
</div>
<p>"It is clear there has been a progressive tightening in lending standards over recent years.</p>
<p>"The RBA's liaison suggests that, on average, the maximum loan size offered to new borrowers has fallen by around 20 per cent since 2015.</p>
<p>"This reflects a combination of factors, including more accurate reporting of expenses, larger discounts applied to certain types of income and more comprehensive reporting of other liabilities.</p>
<p>"Even so, only around 10 per cent of people borrow the maximum they are offered.</p>
<p>"Sensibly, most people borrow less than what they are offered, so the effect of this reduction in borrowing capacity has not been particularly large."</p>
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Home loan credit conditions tightened more than was probably required: RBA

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<p>Robert Gottliebsen has said that Australia is going through a credit squeeze without precedent following a period when bank credit standards have been too low.</p>
<p>"The banks have been told to raise those standards, which effectively cuts at least 20% from what they would loan on a property," he wrote in <em>The Australian</em>.</p>
<p>He then added there were also "the unconventional credit clamps... like a cancer growing below the surface, and no one’s talking about them".</p>
<p>Gottliebsen noted that bank managers were under attack at the same time as a credit squeeze - "so a strange new inner fear had developed among banking people at all levels as regulators are set to walk into banks to check what they are doing".</p>
<p>He forecast huge payments set to be made to customers who were wrongly charged.</p>
<p>"As property falls in the light of the credit squeeze, many of those who borrowed from the banks will sue because lending to them was 'irresponsible'.</p>
<p>"It’s true that sometimes high-pressure, commission-driven bank sales people did cajole customers into taking too much debt.</p>
<p>"But the customers accepted risks for big gains. Nevertheless, litigation lawyers are preparing for a picnic.</p>
<p>"Bankers who are confident enough to exercise sensible discretion are hard to find."</p>
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Litigation lawyers are preparing for a picnic against home loan bankers: Robert Gottliebsen

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<p>There's still debate among economists over just whether there's a deepening credit crunch that could further adversely impact on housing markets.</p>
<p>We are now well into attempts begun in late 2014 by the regulator, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, to curb over zealous lending, along with house price escalation and ballooning household debt.</p>
<p>Last August, I wrote that one of the key reasons that spring 2017 would see easing price growth was that the banks wouldn't lend as much.</p>
<p>It has extended right through the 2018 autumn market too, yet Macquarie’s latest survey of bank lending for property loans has found credit availability actually hadn’t changed too much over the past year.</p>
<p>Maybe the bank's bark is worse than their bite. If correct that's a relief, but that doesn't mean home loans will get any easier to obtain or that house price growth will return.</p>
<p>Macquarie undertakes its annual mortgage “mystery shopping” exercise where Macquarie analysts pose as potential customers at ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB, Westpac, Bankwest, Bendigo and Adelaide Bank, Bank of Queensland, Suncorp and St George.</p>
<p>They found that banks had tightened their credit standards by a further 5% over the past year as a result of policy changes.</p>
<p>From the peak of mortgage activity in 2015, borrower capacity has fallen by 13% for owner-occupiers and 22% for investors.</p>
<p>The survey found some banks were willing to lend up to $1 million to a property investor earning $105,000 a year, but typically less than $600,000 to an owner-occupier on the same income.</p>
<p>The average loan capacity for owner-occupiers fell from $700,000 in 2015 to $600,000 presently, while average loan capacity for investors has fallen from $1 million to $800,000.</p>
<p>The anonymous mortgage shopping study conducted by Macquarie analyst Victor German tell the bank officers they were earning $105,000, had general living expenses of $1200 a month, were spending $1300 a month on rent, and had no dependents and a clear credit history with an $11,000 credit card limit.</p>
<p>UBS have an alternative view which is that the credit tightening process was only going to get tighter.</p>
<p>It argues regulatory pressure to tighten lending standards has so far primarily hit the investor market.</p>
<p>UBS banking analyst Jonathan Mott says owner-occupiers have only been hit with a higher household living expenditure benchmark.</p>
<p>“We estimate owner-occupier maximum borrowing capacity has been reduced 7-10% since 2015 and investor maximum borrowing capacity has reduced by 10-30% depending on the borrower’s existing debts,” Mott said in a research note.</p>
<p>Interestingly the boss of Australia's banking regulator, Wayne Byres, recently claimed "the heavy lifting on lending standards has largely been done".</p>
<p>Byres added that "any tightening from here on is expected to be at the margin as banks seek to get a better handle on borrower expenses, and better visibility of borrower debt commitments".</p>
<p>Of course since 2014 APRA has also required banks to assess borrowers' repayment capacity using a minimum 7% interest rate, which is well above prevailing home loan interest rates.</p>
<p><em>This article first appeared in </em>The Daily Telegraph. </p>
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Australia's housing credit crunch impact remains the big unknown

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<div class="cq-article-content-paras section">
<p>House price falls in Sydney and Melbourne "will get worse before they get better", Deloitte Access Economics says.</p>
<p>The increasingly higher cost and lower availability of credit will generate a "mini-credit crunch."</p>
<p>"The nation's immigration intake will be cut – perhaps severely – thereby undercutting many of the 'most likely' forecasts underpinning the growth of domestic markets," the report says.</p>
<p data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7770372_137="3096" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7770372_137="4000" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-7770372_137="1">There would also be a "fear-of-fear-itself" momentum, the report adds.</p>
</div>
<div class="cq-article-content-media section">"Lending is down, it's amidst its longest dry spell since the global financial crisis, and investor loans have dropped to a six-year low," the Deloitte report, reported in The Australian Financial Review, says.</div>
<div class="cq-article-content-media section"> </div>
<div class="cq-article-content-media section">"That says housing price falls – now infecting Melbourne – will get worse before they get better," said Deloitte adding they still expect a pretty benign construction cycle.</div>
<div class="cq-article-content-paras section">
<p>"That benign nature owes much to what we don't see in the next couple of years.</p>
<p>"We don't see China falling over and Australian unemployment jumping. And we don't see global and local interest rates rising fast.</p>
<p data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7770372_137="3970" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7770372_137="1900">"That still sees the current downswing bottoming out in late 2019 but, thanks to continuing population gains, bottoming at levels that are solid compared with the depths plumbed in past cycles."</p>
<p data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7770372_137="3970" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7770372_137="1900"><span>Deloitte’s latest Business Outlook report projects that state and federal budgets will be hit hard by falling house prices and commodity prices.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="cq-article-content-paras section">
<p data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7770372_137="198635" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7770372_137="900">NSW will bear the brunt of the housing downturn because it has had the biggest rise in house prices among capital cities.</p>
<p>Expensive homes will struggle to sell but there will be "less damage at the lower end", which benefits from first home buyer concessions, the report says.</p>
<p><span>“House prices are essentially a function of how much people can borrow,” Deloitte economists led by Chris Richardson wrote in their 155-page quarterly report released today.</span></p>
<p>“Big banks are now running scared,” it suggests.</p>
<p>“Their sudden surge of caution means borrowers with the same characteristics would now get a smaller loan than they would have 18 months ago.”</p>
<p>They predict the current house price falls in Australia will “keep on keeping on”.</p>
<p><span> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="cq-article-content-paras section">
<p data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7770372_137="194634" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7770372_137="4000" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-7770372_137="1"> </p>
</div>
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House price falls in Sydney and Melbourne "will get worse before they get better"

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<p>The ARCO fund manager George Colman is warning of a "slow-motion property market crash" as credit gets harder to secure.</p>
<p>"Broadly speaking, we think that the game has changed in terms of consumer behaviour," he told The Australian Financial Review.</p>
<p>"Bank credit is creating a steep change."</p>
<p>Property borrowers moving from interest-only to the more expensive fixed-rate mortgages was another source of market stress, Colman suggests.</p>
<div>
<p>Colman believes the economy now suffers from declining breadth after a years-long narrowing of focus on housing and related sectors.</p>
<p>"We might limp along," he says.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>Arco was formed in 2008 at the height of the global financial crisis by Mr Colman and Peter Whiting and the Melbourne-based investment management firm had $147 million of assets under management in its long-short Absolute Trust at the end of June.</p>
<p data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7770372_137="63642" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7770372_137="1800">The fund returned 6.5 per cent over the 2018 financial year.</p>
</div>
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