Abadeen has released the whole-floor penthouse crowning its recently completed <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/park-residences-cremorne-2-sutherland-street-cremorne-nsw-2090">Park Residences</a> development in Cremorne, bringing the near-300 sqm residence to market for the first time.

Occupying the entire top floor of the boutique Lower North Shore development, the penthouse includes 221 sqm of internal living and a 74 sqm wraparound terrace, with a prized north-facing aspect taking in views across Middle Harbour.

The residence has been completed and fully furnished following a collaboration between Abadeen Executive Chairman Justin Brown and internationally recognised interior designer Jack Freeman, Founder and Managing Director of FREEMAN &amp; CO.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/abadeen">Abadeen</a> and Freeman approached the penthouse as a finished home, sourcing furniture, artwork, lighting and objects from Australia and overseas.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114246 project_image_fid=378718]

Pieces from Parisian design house Pierre Augustin Rose sit alongside contemporary artworks and bespoke lighting, with Freeman drawing on recent visits to PAD Paris and Salone del Mobile Milano for the final collection.

Brown said the aim was to create a penthouse that felt more like a large-scale private home than a traditional apartment.

"The experience begins the moment the lift doors open. You're welcomed into an elegant dining room before the home opens into an extraordinary living space framed by sun-drenched harbour views.

"Every time someone walks through the front door they pause. It's not just the view, it's the incredible sense of space, the warmth created by the northern sunlight that fills the interiors, and the way every room connects so effortlessly.

"It has all the proportions of a luxury home, while delivering the effortless lifestyle and personalised experience of living in a world-class six-star hotel, combined with the simplicity and convenience of apartment living."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114246 project_image_fid=378713]

A secure lift provides exclusive access to the penthouse level, opening to a dedicated arrival foyer and dining area before the residence expands into its main living and entertaining spaces.

Floor-to-ceiling glazing runs across the northern side of the home, connecting the interiors with the terrace and Middle Harbour outlook.

The penthouse also features a fireplace and substantial chef's kitchen, while the wraparound terrace has been designed to accommodate both everyday outdoor living and larger-scale entertaining.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114246 project_image_fid=378720]

Freeman said the interiors had been deliberately kept restrained to complement the scale, natural light and outlook already established by the architecture.

"The penthouse is a serene study in quiet luxury," Freeman said.

"The interior pairs soft, sculptural forms with warm timber, pale stone and a restrained neutral palette. Curated artwork and metallic accents add depth, while abundant natural light creates a calm, effortlessly refined atmosphere. In my world, less is always more."

Freeman said the approach was centred around collecting individual pieces rather than simply decorating the apartment.

"Every material, every object and every piece of furniture has been curated with intention. I am a true believer in collecting versus decorating.

"The architecture already provided extraordinary natural light, remarkable volume and an uninterrupted connection to Middle Harbour. Our role was to complement those qualities with unique one-of-a-kind pieces of fine art and collectible design sourced from recent travels around the world."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114246 project_image_fid=378694]

Among the collection are solid bronze sculptures by Lorenzo Quinn, alongside a curated crystalware collection and pieces sourced from international design fairs.

Park Residences sits opposite Cammeray Golf Club, Cammeray Croquet Club and Grand Slam Tennis Cammeray, around 300 metres from Neutral Bay Village and its established collection of restaurants, cafés and retail.

Brown said the combination of a whole-floor floorplan, northern aspect and proximity to Neutral Bay was becoming increasingly difficult to find on the Lower North Shore.

"Completed whole-floor penthouses with a sun-drenched north-facing aspect and sweeping Middle Harbour views are exceptionally rare," Brown said.

"Add a quiet position opposite golf, croquet and tennis facilities, a level walk to Neutral Bay Village and only minutes to the CBD, and you have a lifestyle that's incredibly difficult to replicate.

"This is a home that offers the privacy and generosity of a luxury residence together with the convenience of one of Sydney's best-connected harbourside locations."

The penthouse will be exclusively marketed by SRM Residential.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=114246]

Joel Robinson

Abadeen unveils penthouse at Park Residences in Cremorne

New Brisbane developer Dalcott has unveiled Marrone, the first of three residential projects it is planning in and around Browning Street in South Brisbane.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/marrone-south-brisbane-39-browning-street-south-brisbane-qld-4101">Marrone</a> will comprise 97 predominantly two- and three-bedroom apartments, with larger residences aimed squarely at the owner-occupier market.

The project will sit in a quiet pocket of South Brisbane between South Bank and West End, close to the restaurants, cultural attractions and riverfront amenity that have driven the suburb's continued transformation.

Dalcott is targeting buyers looking for more space and amenity than has traditionally been offered in the inner-city apartment market, particularly downsizers and professionals wanting to remain close to the city.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=149951 project_image_fid=377072]

Resident facilities will be concentrated around an extensive rooftop amenity offering, including a swimming pool, spa, infrared sauna, warm and cold magnesium plunge pools, private lounge, dining room and outdoor entertaining areas.

Dalcott Managing Director Lachlan Cottee said South Brisbane's combination of lifestyle, connectivity and established character had been central to the approach to Marrone.

“South Brisbane offers a combination of lifestyle, connectivity and character that’s difficult to replicate elsewhere in Brisbane,” Cottee said.

“Our focus has been on creating homes that feel connected to that environment while providing the level of design, functionality and quality that today's owner-occupiers expect.”

The residences will feature an expressive material palette. Italian Calacatta Viola marble, known for its deep burgundy veining, will be paired with aged brass tapware, Chestnut engineered timber flooring and Tuscan Oak joinery.

<img alt="Marrone" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b8d833da-3b30-496a-ae30-07bdff371b50" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-25%20at%2010.52.35%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=P6DAgOfaQzIXljKKK5j3e5NhWtrHIu9G" />

Bathrooms will feature Nara Japanese ceramics and glass bricks, while clay, walnut and brass lighting will be used throughout the apartments.

Dalcott has appointed Realm Projects, led by Managing Director Shane Foley, to handle sales and marketing following previous sold-out collaborations between the groups.

Foley said the Brisbane apartment buyer had become increasingly focused on the quality of the home itself rather than simply securing an inner-city address.

“We expect to see strong demand from buyers who still want all the advantages of inner-city living but aren’t prepared to compromise on the quality of their home,” Foley said.

“Many will be downsizers looking to leave behind the maintenance of a traditional family home without giving up the space they enjoy, while others are likely to be professionals wanting a residence that reflects the way they live today.”

“Marrone responds directly to that demand, with generous floorplans, exceptional resident amenity and a location that places some of Brisbane’s best dining, entertainment and cultural attractions within walking distance.”

<img alt="Marrone" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="61f7b22f-899e-4c0f-940a-7d3ab1bfb93a" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-25%20at%2010.52.44%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=PvN1JYxBgUpyCB7efKo52WGdSDs9nmim" />

Marrone will be the first project delivered as part of Dalcott's broader investment in the precinct.

It will be followed by La Terra, a boutique project comprising penthouse-style, single-level apartments on a northeast corner site with extensive resident amenity and city views.

Cottee said Marrone represented the first stage of the group's longer-term plans for the area.

Dalcott was established in 2025 by Lachlan Cottee and Ben Dalgliesh, combining development and construction capability under an integrated model and focusing on architecturally considered residential projects.

Marrone will initially be offered through a pre-release registration campaign ahead of its broader public launch.

Dalcott targets owner-occupiers with South Brisbane debut Marrone

Parnell Developments is the latest to seek significant uplift through the NSW Government's Housing Delivery Authority on a Strathfield site previously approved for a much smaller apartment development.

Parnell has sought approval for a 32-storey mixed use tower across&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/7-lyons-street-strathfield-nsw-2135">3-7 Lyons Street and 18 Parnell Street</a>, a&nbsp;1,857 sqm site around 400 metres from Strathfield Station. The building would yield 160 apartments, 15 per cent of which will be dedicated affordable as per the government mandate for buildings seeking additional uplift.

Approved previously was a nine-storey building back in 2022 with just over 30 apartments. That approval came prior to the project being&nbsp;progressively reconsidered as planning policy shifted toward greater density around transport hubs.

<img alt="Strathfield" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c5af5281-a643-4eb2-b8c4-0081b59c04c7" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-25%20at%209.16.48%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=37bd3mI7rHNpThOV_75VO8xsGFwWOi1u" />

Turner has designed the latest building that would replace&nbsp;existing detached homes across the four lots.

The apartment mix comprises 22 one-bedroom apartments, 107 two-bedroom and two-bedroom-plus configurations, and 31 apartments with three or more bedrooms. The scheme also includes 203 car spaces across six basement levels and 58 bicycle spaces.

The proposal has been designed around a three-storey podium addressing Lyons Street, with the tower rising above and stepping toward its upper levels.

Turner said the podium was deliberately scaled to respond to the existing street, while the taller element has been designed as part of the emerging skyline anticipated around Strathfield Town Centre and the wider Homebush transport-oriented development precinct.

The Lyons Street frontage would have a more active, pedestrian-focused character, incorporating the commercial tenancy, landscaping and a brick-framed podium with an awning.

<img alt="Strathfield" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="14b20874-b8c3-4ac7-bc03-92be9a69fb78" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-25%20at%209.17.48%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=av.9TxtqIRTC6v3PkSuu1rL9rreWoe2h" />

Parnell Street, which faces the railway corridor, has been given a different architectural treatment, with double-height breeze blocks, landscaping and communal areas used to soften the interface with the rail infrastructure.

The tower itself uses curved and recessed facade elements, with wave-like indentations across the northern elevation breaking the building into three vertical forms.

A palette of grey concrete, brick and breeze blocks is complemented by clay and terracotta accents, while the upper tower adopts a lighter expression through articulated slab edges, vertical fins and recessed glazing.

Residents would have access to 467 sqm of communal open space spread across three levels. The ground floor would accommodate the more active resident areas, including barbecue and group gathering spaces and an internal communal room capable of being used for working from home.

A more passive viewing deck is proposed at level three, overlooking the ground-level landscaping and neighbouring tennis courts, while a rooftop "sunset deck" at level 30 would provide another social and relaxation space.

<img alt="Parnell" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c3dce401-a80f-4682-8471-4caa01180880" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-25%20at%209.17.34%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=Xyo8JVqbOhSJXNy6Ih.1cHL.O6i0bGR." />

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Strathfield has been earmarked for substantial change through the Strathfield Town Centre planning work and the nearby Homebush TOD precinct.

Turner's report says the project has been designed to act as a transition between the existing low and mid-rise development surrounding the site and the taller built form expected to emerge across the town centre.

The proposal is being assessed as State Significant Development under the HDA pathway, alongside the concurrent request to amend the Burwood Local Environmental Plan.

First look: New apartment tower pitched for Strathfield Town Centre precinct

An $18 million penthouse has hit the market in Main Beach as construction tops out on La Mer, the $155 million apartment development rising just metres from the beach.

Spanning around 600 sqm across the top two levels of the 29-storey tower on Main Beach Parade, the four-bedroom penthouse is one of the latest eight-figure residences to test the upper end of the Gold Coast apartment market.

Its launch comes amid continued activity at the very top of the market, following the $30 million off-the-plan sale of a Burleigh Heads penthouse earlier this year, which surpassed the Gold Coast's previous $24 million apartment record set in 2023.

The <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/la-mer-main-beach-3580-main-beach-parade-main-beach-qld-4217">La Mer penthouse</a> has been designed as a private residence in the sky, with 360-degree views spanning the ocean, Broadwater, hinterland and Gold Coast skyline.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95606 project_image_fid=378731]

All four bedrooms have ensuites, while the ocean-facing master retreat occupies around half of the upper level and includes its own lounge, private balcony, two walk-in wardrobes and an oversized ensuite with a freestanding stone bath positioned to take in the views.

The residence also features a kitchen designed to accommodate a private chef, a 3.6-metre island bench, expansive butler's pantry, wine cellar and integrated bar.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95606 project_image_fid=378732]

A rooftop pool and substantial outdoor entertaining area with its own kitchen sit above the residence, while a grand staircase connects the two internal levels. The penthouse also has its own express lift.

OTP Group Director James Elliott, who is marketing La Mer, said the penthouse was expected to appeal to high-net-worth buyers seeking either a permanent Main Beach residence or Gold Coast holiday home.

“The La Mer penthouse represents exceptional value, considering its quality design, size, privacy and location, not to mention the 360-degree views capturing the beach and Gold Coast Broadwater,” Elliott said.

“We’re anticipating interest from high-net-worth individuals and couples seeking a residence or holiday home in the sought-after village enclave of Main Beach, taking advantage of the unprecedented growth underway in the area and neighbouring The Spit.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95606 project_image_fid=378736]

La Mer is being developed by developer-builder ODUS and Nazero, in partnership with funder Metrics Credit Partners.

ODUS Director Byron Sakha said topping out the tower had provided the opportunity to release the project's most significant residence.

“We’ve worked with internationally-recognised studio Sici Design on the penthouse interiors, with a focus on ensuring it isn’t luxury for luxury’s sake. Every element has been thoughtfully designed to enhance quality of life for those who call it home,” Sakha said.

“The views are the hero of virtually every space, but we’ve given equal attention to the fittings and finishes, so every detail exudes elegance and refinement.”

Sici Design Founder and Director Maria Papadopoulos said the extensive views became an integral part of the interior design rather than simply something the residence was designed around.

“The views weren't something we designed around, they became part of the design itself, with the true luxury of La Mer in its feeling of peace, calm and wellbeing,” Papadopoulos said.

“Luxury isn't defined by how something looks, but how it makes you feel, and we believe a luxurious home should be beautiful to live in, not stressful to maintain.”

The interiors combine Austral Dream Dolomite natural stone and travertine with timber flooring and a restrained coastal palette.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95606 project_image_fid=378734]

Designed by Plus Studio, La Mer is one of the more boutique additions to the rapidly changing Main Beach apartment market.

The tower comprises just 24 full-floor, three-bedroom plus multipurpose room apartments below the two-level penthouse, giving the project a considerably lower density than many of the larger towers being developed across the Gold Coast.

Residents will have access to a pool and spa, gym, sauna, barbecue facilities, private sun lounges, yoga lawn and outdoor beach shower.

The penthouse has been released as part of the final collection of residences at La Mer, with remaining apartments priced from $4.3 million.

Construction is expected to complete later this year, with a fully furnished display apartment now open on level four.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=95606]

ODUS releases $18 million penthouse crowning La Mer Main Beach

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/far-east-consortium">Far East Consortium</a> is preparing to commence construction on <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/640-bourke-street-melbourne-640-bourke-street-melbourne-vic-3000">640 Bourke Street</a> this October, marking the next milestone for the Melbourne CBD development and its higher-end Eliza Collection.

Spanning levels 44 to 68 of the 68-storey <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a>-designed tower, the Eliza Collection has been conceived as a lower-density offering within the broader development, with only five apartments on each floor, dedicated lift access and a collection of resident spaces reserved exclusively for Eliza Collection residents.

The Eliza Collection forms part of Far East Consortium's broader move toward larger-format residences at 640 Bourke Street, where the number of apartments was reduced from earlier plans as apartment sizes increased.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=509 project_image_fid=365685]

"What it's meant for 640 Bourke is we've actually reduced the number of apartments. We've increased the overall size of the apartments. We don't have any studios in here, and what that does for a project is it elevates it," Far East Consortium Director of Sales and Marketing Lauren Sheldon said.

Rothelowman Associate Jun Chang said the design process provided an opportunity to create more generous floorplans.

"We were given the opportunity to be more generous. The apartments became bigger and squarer than any other apartments which had been designed in the CBD before that."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=509 project_image_fid=368869]

That thinking carries through to the Eliza Collection, where the residences have been designed around the space and functionality associated with a larger home, but positioned high above the centre of Melbourne.

Kitchens are equipped with Gaggenau appliances, a butler's pantry, temperature-controlled wine cabinet and sculptural pendant lighting, while engineered timber flooring, stone and porcelain finishes and custom cabinetry feature throughout the broader interiors.

Privacy and security are another point of distinction. Eliza Collection residents have dedicated lift access, while 640 Bourke Street will provide concierge services and secure resident parking. Short-stay accommodation, including Airbnb, will not be permitted within the development.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=509 project_image_fid=365689]

Eliza Collection residents will also have exclusive access to selected amenity spaces across levels one and three of the restored Eliza Tinsley building. These include the Salon with grand piano, an art therapy room, private dining rooms and treatment rooms.

They sit within more than 3,000 sqm of amenity planned across 640 Bourke Street, alongside facilities including a pool, gym, whisky lounge and further social and wellness spaces.

The Eliza Tinsley building itself is central to the wider project's identity. Rather than treating the existing Eliza Tinsley façade as a separate element, Rothelowman used it as a starting point for the architecture of the new tower, with the historic building to accommodate the project's gallery and lobby.

"It's a significant asset and wants to be celebrated and experienced by all residents every single time they go in and out of the building," Rothelowman Principal Stuart Marsland said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=509 project_image_fid=368872]

The tower will rise behind the retained heritage building at 640 Bourke Street, placing residents within walking distance of Southern Cross Station, Flagstaff Gardens, Queen Victoria Market and the Docklands waterfront.

With construction scheduled to begin in October, Far East Consortium has established an onsite display gallery at 640 Bourke Street, including fully built apartments that allow the project's layouts, materials and finishes to be inspected at full scale.

A fully built Eliza Collection apartment is also available to view at the display suite by appointment ahead of the planned October construction commencement.

Eligible purchasers who buy before construction commences can secure the full available off-the-plan stamp duty savings, subject to eligibility and applicable conditions.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=509]

Far East Consortium brings Eliza Collection to 640 Bourke Street ahead of October construction start

Home Loans

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<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/05/04/ratecity-logo.jpg" alt="" width="687" height="184">
SPONSORED POST
If you’re living in a market where property prices have been surging, refinancing could allow you to reduce your gearing level while giving you access to more money.
How? Well, imagine that back in 2014 you borrowed $500,000 to purchase a $600,000 property. Now imagine that your mortgage debt had since fallen to $475,000 while your property’s value had grown to $650,000.
In that case, your equity would’ve risen from $100,000 to $175,000, while your loan-to-valuation ratio (LVR) would’ve fallen from 83 percent to 73 percent. 
If you were to get an updated valuation on your property during the refinancing process, the new lender might respond to your improved financial position by extending you more credit.
In our hypothetical example, the new lender might allow you to stretch your LVR from 73 percent to 80 percent, and therefore allow you to increase your mortgage from $475,000 to $520,000.
Suddenly, you’ve got an extra $45,000 to play with! You could use that money to pay for home renovations, a new car or a holiday. Or you could put it straight into your offset account and potentially access it several years in the future.
Property prices are growing at double-digit rates in four of Australia’s eight capital cities, according to the latest data from CoreLogic.
Sydney’s median price jumped 18.9 percent in the 12 months to 31 March 2017, while Melbourne’s climbed 15.9 percent, Canberra’s 12.8 percent and Hobart’s 10.2 percent. 
Even if you live in one of the other four capital cities, it’s possible that prices in your suburb are recording significant growth or that your suburb’s median price has risen significantly since you purchased your property.
If you want to reduce your debt ratio and unlock equity in your home, you need to refinance.
RateCity is making the process easier with its <a href="https://www.ratecity.com.au/sale?utm_source=propertyobserver&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=rcsale_propertyobserver_article2&amp;rmatt=tsid:1030695%7Ccid:54369%7Ccgid:543693734136%7Ccrid:15969009" target="_blank">Switch &amp; Save Sale</a>, which will allow borrowers to access market-leading rates for their refinance.
Borrowers who are with ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB or Westpac could actually save up to $39,000 over 15 years by switching through the <a href="https://www.ratecity.com.au/sale?utm_source=propertyobserver&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=rcsale_propertyobserver_article2&amp;rmatt=tsid:1030695%7Ccid:54369%7Ccgid:543693734136%7Ccrid:15969009" target="_blank">Switch &amp; Save Sale</a>.
RateCity arrived at that figure after calculating how much borrowers would save if they switched from an average-sized mortgage from the average discounted variable rate offered by one of the big four banks to the lowest variable rate in the <a href="https://www.ratecity.com.au/sale?utm_source=propertyobserver&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=rcsale_propertyobserver_article2&amp;rmatt=tsid:1030695%7Ccid:54369%7Ccgid:543693734136%7Ccrid:15969009" target="_blank">Switch &amp; Save Sale</a>. 
RateCity then factored in the discharge fees, application fees and ongoing fees to work out the savings over a 15-year loan term.
Some people think of a mortgage as a one-time event – you take out the loan and then stick with it until the bitter end. 
However, smart borrowers regularly refinance, because they know it not only gives them a chance to reduce their repayments, but also lower their LVR and increase their equity.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

The property boom could be the best thing to happen to your mortgage: RateCity

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Interest rates hikes have struck home owners and investors after the Commonwealth Bank (CBA) lifted fixed rate deals on its loans by as much as 0.5 per cent. Customers taking out fixed rate deals with rate will now be hit with increases across 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 year fixed terms. It is the second rate hike within 20 days.
However, the bank provided for owner occupiers signing up to principal and interest fixed home loan deals to escape the latest hikes.
The Commonwealth Bank said the move was to ensure it "continue[d] to meet our regulatory requirements".
In a memo issued to mortgages brokers, CBA outlined that interest-only investment loans would be the worst hit — 2, 3, 4, and 5 year terms would all rise by 0.5 per cent.
The changes are effective for new and existing customers who switch into one of these products from today.  
Three-year fixed rate interest-only owner occupier loan rates will rise by 0.25 per cent to 4.49 per cent.
Three-year fixed rate interest-only investment loan rates will rise by 0.5 per cent to 4.94 per cent.
Three-year principal and interest investment loan rates will rise by 0.25 per cent 4.69 per cent.
CBA raised rates for interest-only loans to 5.94 percent in March.
Homebuyers also faced increased fixed interest rates in December 2016.
The bank’s measures follow an increased crackdown by the banking regulator, the Australian Prudential and Regulation Authority, to limit interest-only loans.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Commonwealth Bank increases interest rates for home owners and investors 

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Interest-only loans account for a sizeable number of total housing credit, according to the RBA’s latest Financial Stability Review 2017.
Interest-only (IO) loans account for a sizeable and growing share of total housing credit in Australia, now representing around 23 per cent of owner-occupier lending and 64 per cent of investor lending (Graph B1)
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/04/19/Graph%20B1.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/04/19/Graph%20B1.jpg" alt="">
IO lending has the potential to increase households’ vulnerability in part due to the higher average level of indebtedness over the life of an IO loan compared with a regular principal-and-interest (P&amp;I) loan.
Measures to address some risks associated with IO lending practices were among those taken in late 2014 by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), in conjunction with the Council of Financial Regulators, to reinforce sound housing lending practices.
While the share of IO loans in total lending approvals subsequently declined, IO loans have since started to rise again, especially for investors, which has again attracted regulator attention.
In March 2017, APRA announced new measures requiring authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs) to limit new IO lending to 30 per cent of total new residential mortgage lending and, within that, to tightly manage new IO loans extended at high loan-to-valuation ratios (LVRs).
This box outlines in more detail recent trends in IO lending and the nature of the potential risks that can arise from this type of lending.
For P&amp;I loans, the balance of the loan must be paid down over the entire term of the loan. In contrast, for IO loans repayments of principal are not required during the IO period, which is typically the first five to ten years of the loan.
Instead, scheduled principal repayments start at the end of the IO period, with the balance of the loan then paid off over the residual loan term.
As a consequence, for a typical 30-year P&amp;I loan of $400 000 with an interest rate of 4 per cent, borrowers would be ahead on principal repayments by around $38 000, or about 10 per cent of the initial balance, after five years compared with an IO loan (Graph B2).
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/04/19/Graph%20B2.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/04/19/Graph%20B2.jpg" width="700" height="425">
Further, because the scheduled balance on an IO loan is always higher than on a comparable P&amp;I loan, IO loans incur a greater interest cost over the term of the loan (around 9 per cent extra in the previous example).
An IO loan can potentially also be refinanced at the end of the IO period into another IO loan, prolonging the period before scheduled principal repayments start.
Both investors and owner-occupier borrowers make extensive use of IO lending for a range of reasons.
Housing investors make the most use of IO loans.
Since interest payments on investment loans are tax deductible, the incentive to pay down a loan’s principal is reduced.
IO loans also enable investors to maintain a higher level of leverage and so magnify potential gains or losses if housing prices rise or fall.
As noted earlier, the share of owner-occupier lending that is IO has also risen noticeably over time.
This has been due to increasing numbers of owner-occupiers using IO loans and the increasing average sizes of IO loans (relative to P&amp;I loans).
Another reason borrowers may prefer IO loans to P&amp;I loans is because they can offer greater repayment flexibility.
Borrowers with lumpy income or those wanting to build buffers or save for planned expenditures, such as renovations, can use IO loans with an offset or redraw facility to minimise the effective interest costs over the period of the loan while still ensuring funds are readily available for other uses.
In particular, offset accounts and redraw facilities allow borrowers to effectively amortise loan balances during the IO period and so reduce (or eliminate) the extra interest cost associated with the higher principal balance on IO loans compared with P&amp;I loans.
However, borrowers need to be disciplined in their repayment behaviour to receive these benefits; otherwise they may incur greater interest costs, and remain more indebted for longer.
IO loans are also routinely used for bridging finance and construction loans to minimise repayments for the short duration of these loans.
For some time regulators have highlighted the potential risks associated with IO compared with P&amp;I loans.
Because IO loans allow borrowers to remain more indebted for longer, there may be greater credit risks associated with such loans.
When loan balances stay high, there is an increased risk of borrowers falling into negative equity should housing prices decline.
Another risk is that borrowers may find it difficult to service higher required payments at the end of the IO period, which increases the chance of default.
For example, repayments on a $400 000 loan with a 4 per cent interest rate and a five-year IO period would typically increase by around 60 per cent at the end of the IO period.
While some borrowers may have planned to refinance into another IO loan at the end of the IO period, this may be difficult if circumstances have changed.
Borrowers who anticipate future price rises can use IO loans to maintain a higher level of leverage for a given servicing payment, thereby magnifying their returns from rising housing prices but also magnifying any losses.
More generally, at an aggregate level this behaviour could induce a more pronounced cycle in housing prices than would otherwise occur, amplifying the size of any subsequent downswing in housing prices.
In recognition of the higher risks associated with IO loans, some lenders have introduced premiums on advertised interest rates for IO loans.
For example, the four major banks have announced, on average, an 18 basis point premium for IO owner-occupier loans and a 15 basis point premium for IO investor loans (in addition to premiums for investor loans relative to owner-occupier loans).
Lenders’ practices in assessing the ability of borrowers to repay their loans are important to manage the systemic risks posed by IO lending.
These practices determine the maximum loan size that a borrower could sustainably repay out of their income.
In particular, APRA serviceability guidance for ADIs sets out prudent practices for IO loans, with the capacity to repay assessed at the higher repayment amount required when the IO period ends (known as the residual-term method).
Under this residual-term method, borrowers seeking IO loans receive a lower maximum loan size than would be available for an equivalent P&amp;I loan.
Nonetheless, prior to the 2014 measures, some lenders assessed serviceability based on lower hypothetical P&amp;I repayments calculated from the entire term of IO loans (including the IO period; known as the full-term method).
This approach risks borrowers being unable to meet their repayment obligations when the IO period ends and higher repayments commence.
This is potentially in breach of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009, which requires that lenders make loans that consumers will be able to repay without undue hardship.
ASIC has found that around 40 per cent of loans reviewed in 2014 used the full-term approach; lenders have since undertaken to change their practices in order to meet their responsible lending obligations and APRA’s guidance.
There have also been some recent reports of borrowers applying for P&amp;I loans to maximise their borrowing capacity, and then switching soon after approval to an IO loan. APRA has recently issued guidance to address this behaviour.
Find the RBA's latest Financial Stability Review 2017 <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Interest-only loans account for a sizeable housing credit portion: RBA

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National Australia Bank (NAB) has announced further changes for residential investor and owner-occupier borrowers.
The rate for NAB’s 1 Year Package Fixed Rate for Residential Investment Home Loan has risen to 4.29 percent p.a. for principal and interest repayments.
For the 1 Year Package Fixed Rate for Interest Only Residential Investment Home Loan, rates changed to 4.39 percent p.a.
Fixed rates for all other interest only owner occupier and interest only residential investment loans increased by 0.10 percent p.a. 
“We are operating within a dynamic financial, economic and regulatory environment, and it’s important that we regularly review our pricing and policy measures across all of our home loan products to ensure we continue to lend responsibly,” a spokesperson from NAB told Australian Broker.
The changes made to our fixed rates on Friday 7 April 2017 apply to new loan accounts only.
Throughout March and the beginning of April, the Mozo website saw a spate of interest rate hikes from 40 lenders, including all four of the big banks.
"Investors were hammered in this round of increases, with rates rising an average of 0.19% on principal and interest loans, and 0.23% on interest only," Steve Jovcevski at Mozo noted.
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NAB lifts fixed rates for new borrowers

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The amount of residential mortgages nationwide more than 30 days in arrears increased to 1.52 percent in November 2106 from 1.2 percent from November 2015, according to Moody's.
Mortgage delinquencies hit record highs in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory and increased nationwide over the year to November 2016.
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The report said the ACT had the lowest 30+ delinquency rate (0.91 percent) of any state or territory in Australia in November 2016.
"A high proportion of borrowers in the ACT are employed by the government, which offers more secure and stable employment compared with jobs in the private sector. The ACT accounts for just 2.12 percent of the total loans in the RMBS we rate," it said.
"30+ delinquency rates in the Northern Territory (2.23 percent) and South Australia (2.16 percent) also hit record highs in November 2016.
"Final demand in the Northern Territory contracted 3.8 percent over the year to December 2016, the weakest performance in the country behind Western Australia.
"South Australia's final demand increased 1.3 percent, below the 1.6 percent national average.
"The populations in the Northern Territory and South Australia are both relatively small, and mortgages from this territory and state account for just 0.68% and 4.72 percent of the loans in the RMBS portfolio."
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Mortgage delinquencies hit record highs in Western Australia, South Australia and Northern Territory: Moody's

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The chief of the Australian prudential regulator has said its recent measures to restrict interest-only loans by banks was in response to heightened risks from the hot property market and to ensure that banks maintain adequate capital.
APRA chairman Wayne Byres’ remarks came during the keynote address at the AFR Banking &amp; Wealth Summit 2017, and follow RBA Governor Philip Lowe's speech on Tuesday night when he expressed concern at the high proportion of interest-only loans and the taxation framework for property investors that has contributed to high home prices.
"Put simply, the capital adequacy framework needs to address the concentration in housing lending that has built up in the banking system over time: if we are going to put an increasing number of eggs into a single basket, we'd better make sure that basket is a (unquestionably) strong one,” Byres said.
He said the APRA will issue an information paper around the middle of the year, "which will set out the extent of further strengthening required, and the timeframe over which that can be achieved in an orderly manner”.
While it was not APRA's mandate to determine home prices, it had to act in response to market conditions, Byres said.
“Our role in the current environment is to promote a higher-than-normal degree of prudence – definitely by lenders and, ideally, also borrowers – in both credit decisions and balance sheet strength. On this occasion, we have focussed on interest-only lending to complement our earlier measures. 
Byres said that housing lending risks and bank capital adequacy are not independent issues.
“Beyond the recently-announced tactical responses to current conditions in the housing market, making sure the system is on a sound footing for the longer term is even more important."
He reiterated the pro-active stance of the regulator, saying it “can and will do more (or less) as conditions evolve".
Outlining the recent flurry of regulatory action, Byres noted that while measures such as the annual cap on investor lending growth of 10 percent and restrictions on interest-only loans have had and will continue to have a positive impact, at the same time the risks   haven’t moderated:
<ul>
<li>house prices remain high;</li>
<li>household income growth remains subdued;</li>
<li>the already high ratio of household debt to income has got higher;</li>
<li>the already low official cash rate has got lower (although not all of this reduction has flowed to borrowers, particularly investors - Chart 2); and </li>
<li>competitive pressures haven’t diminished.</li>
</ul>
He concluded by saying that APRA will be looking at many components of the capital adequacy framework, but "given its position as the dominant asset on the balance sheet of the banking system, the adequacy of capital requirements for housing-related risks will be a critical part of that assessment". 
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APRA chair says latest lending curbs to ensure banks have adequate capital

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ASIC has announced a targeted industry surveillance to examine whether lenders and mortgage brokers are inappropriately recommending more expensive interest-only loans.
With many lenders, including major lenders, charging higher interest rates for interest-only loans compared with principal-and-interest loans, lenders and brokers must ensure that consumers are not provided with unsuitable interest-only loans.　
ASIC announced that eight major lenders will provide remediation to consumers who suffer financial difficulty as a result of shortcomings in past lending practices. 
ASIC will shortly commence a surveillance to identify lenders and mortgage brokers who are recommending high numbers of more expensive interest-only loans.
Data will be gathered using ASIC's compulsory information-gathering powers from large banks, other banks, mutual banks and non-bank lenders. 　
In an environment where many interest-only loans are now clearly more expensive than principal-and-interest loans, lenders and mortgage brokers must carefully consider the implications of providing borrowers with interest-only loans. While interest-only loans may be a reasonable option for some borrowers, for the vast majority of owner-occupiers in particular, an interest-only loan will not make sense.　
In 2015, ASIC conducted a review of how lenders provide interest-only home loans. ASIC found that lenders were not properly inquiring into a consumer's actual living expenses when assessing their capacity to make repayments. ASIC's review led to industry-wide improvements by lenders: see 15-220MR Lenders to improve standards following interest-only loan review.　
As part of today's announcement, eight lenders examined by ASIC have improved their practices for enquiring about expenses to determine the consumer's financial situation and capacity to make repayments. Rather than obtaining a single monthly living expense figure and then relying on a benchmark figure to assess suitability, borrowers' actual figures for different categories of living expenses (e.g. food, transport, insurance, entertainment) will now be obtained. This will provide lenders with a better understanding of consumers' expenses. 　
In addition to typical hardship processes, lenders will individually review cases where consumers suffer financial difficulty in repaying their home loans, and determine whether they have been impacted by shortcomings in past lending practices. Where appropriate, consumers will be provided with tailored remediation, which may include refunds of fees or interest. 　
As interest rates are currently at record lows, and were falling in the lead up to 2015 and during 2016, ASIC does not expect lenders to identify high numbers of consumers who are now experiencing financial difficulty due to past lending decisions. Nevertheless, these additional actions will ensure that consumers are not disadvantaged.　
To ensure that these remediation programs are operating effectively, ASIC is requiring lenders to audit their processes. 　
ASIC Deputy Chairman Peter Kell said, 'Home loans are the biggest financial commitment most people will ever make. In assessing whether borrowers can meet loan repayments without substantial hardship in the short and longer term, it is important that lenders can collect and rely on information which provides an accurate view of the consumer's financial situation. This is especially the case when interest rates are at record low levels'. 　
'Lenders and mortgage brokers must also ensure that consumers are being provided with the home loan product that meets their needs. Lenders and mortgage brokers need to think twice before recommending that a consumer obtain a more expensive interest-only loan'.
In 2015, ASIC reviewed interest-only loans provided by 11 home lenders, and issued REP 445 Review of interest-only home loans (Refer:REP 445) in 2015, which made a number of recommendations for home lenders to comply with their responsible lending obligations (Refer:15-297MR).　
In REP 445, ASIC gave guidance on how lenders can make proper inquiries into a borrower's actual expenses. 　
ASIC's monitoring of lenders’ home lending practices continues. ASIC will carry out further reviews to ensure that industry standards are improved where necessary. ASIC will also take enforcement action as appropriate.　
Any consumer with concerns about their ability to make home loan repayments should contact their lender in the first instance. Consumers can also access free external dispute resolution, through either the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) or Credit and Investments Ombudsman (CIO).　
The eight lenders are: 　
<ul>
<li>Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited　</li>
<li>Bendigo and Adelaide Bank Limited　</li>
<li>Commonwealth Bank of Australia 　</li>
<li>Firstmac Limited　</li>
<li>ING Bank (Australia) Limited 　</li>
<li>Macquarie Bank Limited　</li>
<li>National Australia Bank Limited　</li>
<li>Pepper Group Limited.</li>
</ul>
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ASIC look at lending of eight major lenders

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Westpac chief executive Brian Hartzer has rejected speculation that there was a “housing bubble” while admitting that the market was stretched in some areas.
The CEO of the country’s second-largest bank repeated the same view he expressed before a parliamentary committee in March in an interview with The Weekend Australian ahead of the bank’s 200th anniversary.
“I would draw the distinction between a speculative bubble in prices and prices beyond what fundamentals would justify," Hartzer told the parliamentary committee.
He described the property market as “certainly complex”, with wide variations across regions, he told the newspaper. “Western Australia and Queensland are obviously having real challenges and we have some very unusual dynamics going on in the Sydney and Melbourne real estate markets.”
Hartzer said the bank did not believe there was a property bubble “in terms of people speculating on the value of properties going up and using leverage to do it”.
But he said high housing prices was more because of supply constraints than ­excessive demand, noting that “some of the fundamentals around value are looking pretty stretched in some parts of the market”. 
Westpac expects that supply issues could be solved by working with developers and state and local governments, which would reduce the pressure on the housing market and also lower “risk” over time.
Westpac recently said it was not worried by the latest note from the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority to tighten requirements for investor and interest-only loans as the bank had already taken action in the interest-only lending area.
“We have been clear in our communications around wanting an interest rate differential for ­interest-only loans to encourage people to move to principal and interest loans,” he said.
The bank recently raised variable home loan rate for owner occupiers by 0.08 percent to 5.49 percent per annum for customers with interest only loans and for investors with interest-only loans, by 0.28 percent to 5.96 percent per annum. 
Hartzer said the bank was already well below APRA’s 10 percent cap on investor lending, with its lending for investor loans at 5.9 percent of its total mortgage book at the time of its full-year ­results at the end of September last year.
He said the bank was celebrating its 200th anniversary at a time when the political system was “finely balanced” with the banks having become a “pretty convenient target” for criticism, including an opposition promising to hold a royal commission into the banking industry.
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Westpac CEO Hartzer says ‘no bubble’ in housing, but market stretched

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The level of delinquent housing loans for prime residential mortgage-backed securities increased 1.29 percent in January from December's 1.15 percent, according to S&amp;P Global Ratings.
The category for mortgages 31-60 days in arrears showed the largest increase.
The report said the magnitude of the month-on-month increase in January 2017 was higher than in previous months.
"While some of the increase is due to a decline in outstanding loan balances, the category for mortgages 31-60 days in arrears showed the largest increase," the report found.
"This suggests more borrowers have fallen behind on their loan repayments for the first time.
"The major bank and regional bank sectors recorded larger increases in borrowers who are 31-60 days behind on their mortgage repayments.
"All originators except nonbank financial institutions recorded an increase in arrears in January compared with the previous month.
"Despite the increase, arrears levels in January remained close to long-term averages."
"Mortgage arrears rose in every state and territory in January from the previous month.
"Among the states, South Australia recorded the largest increase in arrears, rising to 1.81 percent from 1.53 percent in December, Home loan arrears in Western Australia rose to 2.33 percent in January from 2.10 percent in December.
"Arrears rose month on month in January to 1.03 percent in New South Wales and 1.18 percent in Victoria."
The report can be found at <a href="https://www.sfsurveillance.com.au/" target="_blank">https://www.sfsurveillance.com.au</a>.
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Home loan delinquencies rise in January

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Blaming booming housing market conditions and also concerns that APRA will further tighten lending standards, the Commonwealth Bank and St George have joined NAB and Westpac in another out-of-cycle increase in mortgage rates for investment and owner-occupier loans.
CBA has raised the standard variable rate on interest-only owner-occupier loans by 25 basis points to 5.47 percent, while principal and interest loans will edge up by 3 basis points.
CBA, which has already tightened investor lending requirements, made the most aggressive push on interest-only investor loans, raising them up by 26 basis points to 5.94 percent.
Late on Friday Westpac-owned St George Bank announced it planned to follow suit with the big four banks and raise its rates.
St George said property investors would see their home loan rates rise by 23 basis points while investors with interest-only loans would see their rates increase by nearly one-third of a percentage point.
Rates for owner-occupiers with interest-only mortgages would go up by eight basis points.
ANZ also raised rates on Friday.
"These changes reflect a need to closely manage our regulatory obligations, our portfolio risk and the competitive environment," said ANZ's group executive for Australia, Fred Ohlsson.
The bank's moves follows similar action from both Westpac and NAB after concerns were again raised by the banking regulator APRA about the need to rein in speculative property lending.
NAB raised its standard variable rate by 7 basis points to 5.32 percent, while investor loans jumped 25 basis points to 5.8 percent.
Westpac moved a more modest 3 basis points on its standard variable loan and 23 basis points on investor loans.
"Investors have been slapped with the biggest rate hikes so far amid growing speculation that APRA will further tighten investor lending standards in another attempt to cool down unsustainable housing prices in Sydney and Melbourne," Mozo director Kirsty Lamont said. 
Commonwealth Bank was among the nation’s banks to hit investors with surprise interest rate hikes made independently of any move in the Reserve bank’s official interest rate.
Some analysts argue rate hikes are piling more risk on to a system.
“There is clear evidence that the macro conditions for Australian house prices are deteriorating,” CLSA analyst Brian Johnson told The Australian.
“This change in sentiment is particularly worrisome, given the extent of Australian housing investors who are willing to tolerate a substantial post-tax negative carry on home loans in anticipation of a future gain,” he said.
“The expectation that house prices are no longer rising in itself could trigger correlated selling from this negative cash flow cohort.”
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