The residential transformation of St Kilda Road is set to continue into with more new apartment plans for the sought-after boulevard.

Wing Tai Asia has lodged plans for a major residential tower at 464-466 St Kilda Road, replacing the former VACC House with an 18-storey mixed-use development designed around a retained heritage podium and a sculpted contemporary tower.

The proposal, prepared under Victoria’s Significant Residential Development with Affordable Housing pathway, would deliver 325 apartments and ground-floor retail across the prominent 4,653 sqm boulevard site in Melbourne’s St Kilda Road North Precinct.

The project centres on the adaptive reuse of the site’s heritage-listed VACC Building, an eight-storey office designed by Bernard Evans that has occupied the address for decades. Planning documents state the development would involve “carefully dismantling and conserving off-site the original metal fabric of the podium visible from St Kilda Road,” before reinstating it as the defining frontage of the new scheme.

Above the restored podium, Wing Tai is proposing a curvilinear residential tower. The scheme includes 172 one-bedroom apartments, 63 two-bedroom apartments, 66 three-bedroom apartments, and 24 four-bedroom apartments, alongside two ground-floor food and beverage tenancies fronting St Kilda Road.

The tower has been designed with substantial articulation and variable setbacks to minimise perceived bulk and maintain view corridors along the boulevard. Urbis, which prepared the planning report, said the design “has been significantly articulated through a curvilinear design” with “an interplay with materials, façade expression and depth” to create visual separation and visual interest.

The proposal also includes 254 basement car spaces, landscaped pedestrian links connecting St Kilda Road and Queens Lane, and a biophilic landscape strategy featuring canopy trees, raised planters, cascading greenery and a glass oculus pool overlooking the eastern frontage.

Planning documents confirm the $270.1 million development will contribute 3 per cent of project costs to the Social Housing Growth Fund as part of the application process.

Wing Tai acquired the St Kilda Road property in 2018 alongside Abacus Property Group for $95.38 million, before later consolidating ownership of the site. The property previously served as the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce headquarters for around 60 years.

The transformation of the St Kilda Rd boulevard is already beginning to materialise, with a number of high-profile projects recently completed, launched, or approaching launch as developers continue to back the long-term appeal of the precinct.

Among the most notable recent completions is Louise by Samuel Property Group, just off the strip on Queens Lane, the same pocket Hirsch &amp; Faigen recently launched The Queensbury. Mirvac is too on the same street with The Albertine, which is approaching completion.

Dexus recently secured approval for its slice of St Kilda Road, while Gurner also has approved plans for the precinct.

Joel Robinson

Wing Tai unveils 325-apartment St Kilda Road tower on former VACC House site

Malaysian developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/s-p-setia">SP Setia</a> is the latest to jump into St Leonards booming Transport Oriented Development precinct.

The developer, which has previously delivered Sapphire by the Gardens apartment development in Melbourne, identified the Atchison Street site in 2023. It filed a Scoping Report around 12 months ago, and now has revealed the designs for the new&nbsp;40-storey mixed-use tower.

The State Significant Development Application covers <a href="https://next-portal.urban.com.au/projects/14650/summary">20-22 Atchison Street</a>, a 1,374 sqm site positioned between St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">COX Architecture</a>, the project would deliver 181 apartments, above a four-storey commercial podium, five basement levels, and new public domain works along Mitchell Street. The apartment mix comprises 35 one-bedroom apartments, 39 one-bedroom-plus-study apartments, 85 two-bedroom apartments, and 22 three-bedroom residences.

The proposal has been lodged as a shop-top housing development under the NSW Government’s TOD planning pathway, which allows increased density around key transport infrastructure. The site sits within the recently rezoned Crows Nest Accelerated TOD Precinct.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b799673d-48e2-46b0-801a-0e33a9330100" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20site.png?VersionId=dPh0UfwfaHpbFL1R7H1cbZNbIW0CHbCC" />

SP Setia acquired the Atchison Street site as part of its continued expansion into the Australian apartment market. In comments made to City &amp; Country (The Edge Malaysia) in 2023, SP Setia President and CEO Datuk Choong Kai Wai described the acquisition as “a strategic move” aligned with the group’s post-pandemic market recovery strategy.

“Our target for this exceptional development is local and overseas buyers, including first-home buyers, downsizers and investors,” Choong said.

The tower has been designed as a slender vertical form rising from a mixed-use podium, with COX Architecture positioning the development as a response to the evolving St Leonards and Crows Nest skyline.

“The purpose of the project is to facilitate the delivery of high-quality housing at a strategically located site and deliver a built tower outcome that is consistent with the desired future character of St Leonards and aligns with the TOD controls,” the design report stated.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b1a85eee-76f7-436c-a6da-73ba827b9b13" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20entry.png?VersionId=dA9jHGPMcm.dDbwk4QfxqWiY5bfh3UVt" />

The podium would incorporate retail uses fronting Atchison Street, commercial tenancies, landscaped communal areas, and pedestrian improvements along Mitchell Street. Vehicle access and loading would be consolidated via Atchison Lane.

Residents would have access to more than 665 sqm of communal indoor and outdoor spaces, while the development proposes 96 parking spaces across five basement levels.

The proposal also includes a commitment for 10 per cent of residential floor space to be allocated toward affordable housing through a monetary contribution.

COX said the tower form responds directly to the emerging high-density character of the precinct while seeking to maximise solar access, cross ventilation, and outlook from apartments.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2163f85c-f63b-4be3-aafa-f8763976cec5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Article%20Feature%20Image%20%28Grid%29_5.png?VersionId=WiAmtIKJ6.ZQ41EtYEQ1fol7AeorKBlL" />

“The building is orientated towards north,” the Apartment Design Guide compliance report noted, adding that the tower’s slim form was driven by the constrained inner-urban site dimensions.

The design also incorporates landscaped setbacks and communal open space at podium level, intended to soften the interface with surrounding streets and improve pedestrian amenity.

The project adds to a growing wave of redevelopment proposals reshaping St Leonards and Crows Nest following the opening of the Sydney Metro City line and the NSW Government’s push for higher-density housing around major transport nodes.

Last week Stockland filed plans just down the road. They want to build a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/601-pacific-highway-st-leonards-nsw-2065">52-storey tower on Pacific Highway</a>.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">First look: Stockland plans 52-storey, 538-apartment St Leonards tower&nbsp;</a>

First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a> has revealed plans for a new mixed-use tower at 10 Dangar Street, Wickham, advancing a proposal that would reshape the southern gateway to Newcastle’s city centre with one of the city’s tallest residential buildings.

The State Significant Development proposal, now on exhibition, seeks approval for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/bowline-10-dangar-street-wickham-nsw-2293">43-storey tower</a> immediately adjacent to the Newcastle Interchange. The project would deliver around 200 apartments, including 42 affordable housing dwellings, alongside 99 co-living units, a 171-room hotel, retail space, and new public domain integrated through the site.

The scheme marks a significant escalation of plans previously approved for the site. Urban Property Group took over the prominent 2,904 sqm parcel, where excavation and demolition had already commenced under an earlier consent for a 14-storey mixed-use development.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="58a96dd9-407f-4d20-86b4-94e4bfeef74b" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20podium.png?VersionId=LGlf08pdFGAZDzvx_CXC4XakHNZRuEE0" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/sjb-architects">SJB</a>, the tower has been conceived as a landmark transit-oriented development anchored to the Newcastle Interchange precinct. The proposal includes 245 build-to-sell apartments across a mix of one, two, and three-bedroom residences, as well as two penthouses. Fifteen apartments and one operational unit are earmarked for NDIS housing. The co-living component would add a further 99 units, while the podium would accommodate retail uses and hotel facilities.

SJB said the site presents “a valuable opportunity to anchor the precinct by setting the standard for design, active ground planes and character at the key southern gateway.”

The architecture responds directly to the site’s position beside major transport infrastructure and within one of Newcastle’s fastest-evolving urban renewal precincts. The tower form sits above a sculpted podium designed to frame new public spaces, including a through-site pedestrian link connecting Station Street to Hannell Street, landscaped plazas, and activated retail edges.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a7bd6ff0-f7db-4ce8-a6dc-ea56e72c6149" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20lanne.png?VersionId=xzf39VADyhj7zBQY2I9fx9vI62u2tuSb" />

The design report describes the project as part of the broader transition of Wickham into “a vibrant, high-quality mixed-use urban precinct” that leverages proximity to the station, open space, and regional connectivity.

A detailed public art strategy has also been prepared for the development. The strategy positions the project as “a transit-oriented development of state significance at the gateway to Newcastle’s city centre” and outlines a series of integrated artworks responding to Newcastle’s industrial and transport heritage.

Creative Road’s curatorial framework for the project, titled Unveil, draws on “stratified surfaces, carved volumes, and light-filled apertures” while referencing Newcastle’s transformation from an industrial city into a contemporary education and technology hub.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="77a882bb-14b1-4d28-99ff-9438e39508c0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20site.png?VersionId=cevgo_vN0eKPK78P8YcEu3mKPLkpFqE7" />

The proposal is being advanced through the NSW Housing Delivery Authority pathway after being declared State Significant Development in June 2025. The accompanying scoping report states the development aims to “maximise the site’s proximity to the Newcastle Interchange by delivering transit-oriented development” while increasing housing supply and affordable housing provision within the Newcastle LGA.

Urban Property Group’s plans align with the long-term strategic vision established under the Wickham Master Plan, which identified the interchange precinct as suitable for substantial uplift in height and density. The current proposal would significantly intensify that vision, positioning the tower among the tallest developments proposed for Newcastle.

The site sits immediately north of the Newcastle Interchange, bounded by Dangar Street, Hannell Street, and Charles Street. It is surrounded by a rapidly growing cluster of residential towers and mixed-use projects that have emerged following the completion of the light rail and transport interchange.

First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s latest tower at Wickham interchange

Bottega House has completed settlement of a landmark riverfront site in Macquarie Street, St Lucia, representing its first major Brisbane development.&nbsp;

Positioned on the banks of the Brisbane River, the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">premium site at 180 Macquarie Street</a> features uninterrupted river frontage in one of Brisbane’s most tightly held residential precincts.&nbsp;

The proposed development, currently under assessment with Brisbane City Council, has been designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a> with interiors by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and will deliver a boutique collection of premium residences positioned specifically for owner occupiers and downsizers.&nbsp;

The residences are set to redefine luxury apartment living in the area, with a focus on architectural quality, refined finishes, landscape integration and elevated amenities including curated wellness facilities, resort-style pools and recreation spaces rarely seen in the local market.&nbsp;

Exclusive sales for the project will be led by Keenan &amp; Byrne, ahead of an anticipated launch later this year.&nbsp;

Bottega House Managing Director Nick Malloch said the project reflects the group’s ambition to deliver a highly curated residential offering within one of Brisbane’s most tightly held precincts.&nbsp;

“This is an incredibly rare riverfront opportunity and one we have approached with a long-term perspective,” Malloch said.&nbsp;

“Our vision from the outset was to create a boutique collection of residences that feel more like private homes than traditional apartments, with generous proportions, refined finishes and exceptional amenity throughout."

Malloch says there is a&nbsp;lack of premium owner-occupier stock of this quality in the market, particularly for downsizers wanting space, privacy and a true lifestyle offering without compromise.&nbsp;

"Demand is expected to be strong given the scarcity of premium riverfront opportunities of this nature within Brisbane’s inner-west."&nbsp;

Bottega House secures landmark riverfront site in St Lucia 

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The arrival of the first piling rig officially marks the commencement of construction at SIERA’s new beachside apartment development, Exhale, in Northcliffe.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/exhale-surfers-paradise-8-enderley-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Exhale</a>, a glass-encased tower featuring 54 large-scale apartments at 8 Enderley Avenue, is SIERA’s third Gold Coast development. It follows the recently completed PIPIS Bilinga beachfront project, which achieved suburb-record prices, and the soon-to-be-completed Chevron Island development, Tapestry.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359603]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/siera">SIERA</a> Founder and Managing Director Brent Thompson said the arrival of the piling rig represented a significant milestone for the development, which is scheduled for completion in late 2028.

Over the next month, around 260 piles are expected to be installed as work progresses on the basement structure. The building is anticipated to rise above ground level early next year, before unveiling its sculptural glass curtain wall, developed in collaboration with specialist façade engineers.

“The façade was designed to maximise panoramic coastal views while creating a distinctive architectural identity,” Thompson said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=355935]

Designed by BDA Architecture, Exhale will comprise just 54 two- and three-bedroom residences across 26 levels, a level of low-density living rarely delivered in this beachside pocket between Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach.

The project has been conceived as a resident-only building, with no short-stay accommodation permitted. SIERA says the model is intended to appeal to long-term owner-occupiers rather than transient holiday demand.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=361052]

Residences have been designed with large-format layouts and expansive glazing, with most apartments featuring more than 30 metres of glass frontage to maximise natural light and ocean views.

The amenity offering spans two levels and centres on wellness and lifestyle, including a heated magnesium pool, sauna, yoga and Pilates studio, gymnasium, private dining facilities, cinema lounge, and dedicated surfcraft storage.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359607]

More than half of the apartments have already sold. SIERA has also opened a sales gallery for Exhale at its Chevron Island commercial premises, near its Tapestry tower and the site of its second Chevron Island apartment development, which is slated to launch in early 2027.
</section>
</section>

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112661]

SIERA kicks off construction at Northcliffe tower Exhale

Apartments

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There's been some interesting citations in recent times regarding design generators/inspirations for skyscrapers here in Melbourne. Perfume bottles, Beyonce's curves and now can we assert… the classic wrist watch!

ROTHELOWMAN's latest design on behalf of Sydney-based Besgate Group for 140 King Street is very much reminiscent of a luxury watch, or more specifically a solid link wrist band. Arranged in an interwoven pattern, 140 King Street's continuous 188 metre facade is designed to provides a unified and formal response to the site's surrounds.

Forming one of three sites which constitute Besgate Group's Melbourne portfolio with a combined yield of 1,300 dwellings, 140 King Street was the first to hit planning and now rests with the State Government.

<h2>140 King Street application summary</h2>

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image47.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Aerial perspective of 140 King Street. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="355" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image47.jpg?itok=xZA65-OO" title="Aerial perspective of 140 King Street. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Aerial perspective of 140 King Street. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN</figcaption></figure><ul>
<li>Planning application lodged May 2015</li>
	<li>Existing 3 level office complex over the 793sqm site to be demolished</li>
	<li>Approval sought for a 57 level skyscraper at 188 metres above King Street</li>
	<li>271 apartments included: 103*1BR / 6*1BR + Study / 162*2BR</li>
	<li>Level 13 podium rooftop residential amenities area</li>
	<li>117 car spaces and 81 bicycle bays</li>
	<li>107sqm retail space over two tenancies</li>
	<li>GFA: 25,090sqm</li>
</ul>
<h2>Design statement</h2>

<blockquote>
The podium form blends with the tower to achieve a unified formal response.

A building of this scale has to work on two very distinct levels, firstly at streetscape pedestrian scale with a finely detailed facade at a human scale and secondly on a citywide level, with clean large gestures clearly legible from distant vantage points. The nature of the scalable facade pattern allows these two very different scales to seamlessly coexist and work with each other from ground floor to roof.

The streetscape has been addressed with the patterned facade coming to ground, creating large elegant framed windows allowing glimpses and access to the activity behind.
<cite>ROTHELOWMAN, town planning submission</cite>
</blockquote>

<h2>Facade nous</h2>

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image49_1.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Form and function. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="335" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image49_1.jpg?itok=OVaVJyRV" title="Form and function. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Form and function. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN</figcaption></figure>According to the application the east and west facades are comprised of lightweight modular metal panels which are fixed between slabs at regular intervals. The employed link pattern allows for adequate light penetration and ventilation to apartments, while also acting as shading due to the depth of each module.

East and west facades aside, the southern aspect is finished with curtain wall glazing, only broken by intermittent bands of charcoal metal cladding. Glazing and dark grey concrete panels complete the northern exterior.

Ground floor to King street will feature exterior marble cladding which masks a through link between King Street and Gallagher Place.

<h2>Besgate Group settles in</h2>

As was <a href="/news/besgate-group-readies-their-surge-into-the-melbourne-apartment-market">foreshadowed by Urban.com.au during May</a>, 140 King Street represents the vanguard project for Besgate Group in the Melbourne residential market, with two additional developments in the pipeline. 640 Bourke Street has also been submitted for approval while 558-566 Swanston Street in Carlton is set to pass through the approvals process shortly.

<a href="http://www.afr.com/real-estate/besgate-times-entry-perfectly-into-hot-melbourne-market-20150721-gih176">Fairfax Media have today ran a piece on Besgate Group</a>, outlining ROTHELOWMAN's design for 640 Bourke Street, or more appropriately dual designs. An 85-storey tower with 980 apartments has been put forward pending feedback from aviation authorities, while a smaller 66-storey tower which would slip in under the OLS ceiling has also been included within the 640 Bourke Street application.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/1437475304437.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Indicative render of 640 Bourke Street at a lower height. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="342" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/1437475304437.jpg?itok=u5GPDcUZ" title="Indicative render of 640 Bourke Street at a lower height. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Indicative render of 640 Bourke Street at a lower height. Image courtesy ROTHELOWMAN</figcaption></figure><h2>140 King Street development team</h2>

<ul>
<li>Developer: Besgate Group</li>
	<li>Architecture: ROTHELOWMAN</li>
	<li>Town Planning: Urbis</li>
	<li>Project Manager: KM Develop</li>
	<li>Traffic Consultant: Traffix Group</li>
	<li>ESD Consultant: Wood and Grieve Engineering</li>
	<li>Waste Consultant: Leigh Design</li>
	<li>Services Engineer: Wood and Grieve Engineering</li>
	<li>Structural Engineer: AECOM</li>
	<li>Wind Engineer: Vipac Engineers &amp; Scientists</li>
	<li>Building Surveyor: Gardner Group Pty Ltd</li>
</ul>
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silvermb

ROTHELOWMAN's solid link skyscraper: 140 King Street, Melbourne

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The currently ingrained ‘business as usual’ approach to retirement living and residential aged care requires radical transformation to suit Australia’s ageing population.

Approximately 12 per cent of Australia’s population are over the age of 65, a statistic that’s expected to increase to 16 per cent by 2030. The next generation of retirees - the baby boomers - are expected to be the wealthiest cohort of retirees the nation has seen yet. These consumers have greater expectations of their retirement years than previous generations.

In a world where 75 is the new 55, developers and facility operators are being offered the chance to cash in on these markets where growth is virtually guaranteed. However, despite these clear opportunities, Australia’s residential aged care and retirement facilities are already showing signs of falling behind.

Here we explore three out-dated assumptions of aged care design that are jeopardising and restricting innovative solutions:

<h2>Assumption one: All retirees have similar housing needs</h2>

The University of NSW prepared a report for the National Housing Supply Council in 2012 that identified six typical types of requirements retirees may have for housing:

<ul>
<li>Age-in-place: The group that wants to, and is able to, keep living in the family home.</li>
	<li>Local-adapters: The group that has recently or wants to, and is able to, move out of their current home but keep living in the same area.</li>
	<li>Scene-changers: The group that has recently or wants to, and is able to, move out of the current home and area to somewhere with greater amenity.</li>
	<li>Constrained-retreat: The group that wants to keep living in their current home, or even the same area, but is forced to make compromises due to financial constraints.</li>
	<li>Increased-dependency: The group that wants to stay in their current home but has to make housing or location compromises due to deteriorating health.</li>
	<li>Older-renters: The group that has reached retirement without purchasing their own home, and will need to retain or find ongoing rental accommodation.</li>
</ul>
Local-adaptors and scene-changers, for example, will be on the lookout for well-appointed and convenient housing in middle and inner ring suburbs as well as sought-after sea and tree change locations.

Constrained-retreat consumers will most likely need to release equity from their homes by moving to less expensive and more convenient housing in the middle and outer ring suburbs. Increased-dependency consumers will be seeking housing that provides access to assistance and services.

When we consider retirees who must move away from neighbourhoods where they have lived long term, access to activities or environments in which they can build new social networks may increase in importance, particularly to those who are single or widowed retirees. It is entirely possible that consumers require a combination of these needs, such as a single individual with increased dependency who prefers to and can afford to also be a local-adaptor, provided there are appropriate housing options available.

<h2>Assumption two: People over the age of 65 want to live in designated precincts</h2>

Many older Australians want to mix with younger people and don’t want to be typecast as being ‘old’.

The traditional retirement village and aged care home typology is an unattractive prospect to this cohort, particularly when located at sites that have limited connections with the surrounding neighbourhood.

A new approach to urban design for retirement living may also assist with avoiding negative perceptions. Considerations such as locating retirement living close to town or village centres, avoiding a “gated” appearance and incorporating cafes and community facilities that can be accessed and utilised by the wider community are all ways of achieving this. ClarkeHopkinsClarke is currently implementing these principles on our St Germain Village project in Clyde North, Victoria.

Last year in Britain, a commission chaired by a former minister recommended that new housing for the elderly and disabled should be incorporated into shopping developments, new apartment blocks and even universities to prevent the elderly from being cut off in “care ghettoes”. This idea is gaining momentum in Australia, with residential developments expected to attract a high proportion of retirees under consideration above and adjacent to well-known Victorian shopping centres such as Chadstone, Northland and Highpoint.

<h2>Assumption three: Only young people want to live in apartments</h2>

Retirees are already strong contributors to Australia’s booming apartment market. Only 6-8 per cent of retirees live in retirement villages, whereas currently, they make up approximately 30 per cent of Australia’s medium-high density housing market.

Director Project Marketing Residential at Colliers International, David Chittenden, has said,”Apartment living is now an emerging trend for [retirees]. These people don’t want to do chores, with large houses and gardens to maintain; they’re looking for an easier lifestyle with more time for themselves and a community around them.”

This sentiment has been proven to be correct on our Soho Village project in the outer suburb of Point Cook, Victoria with a large percentage of the luxury townhouses in the development being snapped up by retirees. Despite this, very few apartment developments are marketed to retirees.

Creating medium and high-density housing developments in which a portion of dwellings are either designated as ‘retirement living’ or are easily adapted for the needs of ageing consumers is a market opportunity that is currently being missed.

Such an approach would be an effective way to improve the current deficiency of downsizing options available in the middle ring suburbs of Australia’s capital cities.

Robert Goodliffe is a Partner at ClarkeHopkinsClarke and has been an architect since 1981, working predominantly on Education, Multi-Residential, and Health &amp; Aged Care projects. Robert has also been elected to serve as an Australian Institute of Architects Victorian Chapter Councillor for 2015-16.
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Robert Goodliffe

Three assumptions limiting Australian aged care design

The Apartments.com.au <a href="/developments">project database</a> has passed a milestone 800 listings, with the expectation that 1,000 listings will be reached by year's end. The ever expanding project database has gathered approximately 40 new listings in the last fortnight, with a raft of new (and mostly residential) planning applications collected in recent weeks.

Having always been particularly strong in capturing large projects delivered by notable developers, the focus now has shifted to enriching the project database with upcoming projects which are being championed by smaller developers and those new to the Melbourne development scene.

To that end, the following projects represent a selection of listings which are new to the Apartments.com.au project database.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image30_3.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Ascot Theatre followed by Leigh, 314-328 Swan, Prism and 3-9 Shuter"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" height="319" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image30_3.jpg?itok=cuAeUCLk" title="Ascot Theatre followed by Leigh, 314-328 Swan, Prism and 3-9 Shuter" width="580" /></a>

<figcaption>Ascot Theatre followed by Leigh, 314-328 Swan, Prism and 3-9 Shuter</figcaption>
</figure>

CDG Group enter the project database for the first time with two projects. With their initial project dubbed <a href="/new-apartments/summerhill-camberwell-1150-toorak-road-camberwell">Summerhill Camberwell</a> at sales, CDG's latest project is freshly lodged with Moonee Valley City Council. Designed by Jackson Clement Borrows, <a href="/buildings/9-shuter-street-moonee-ponds">3-9 Shuter Street Moonee Ponds</a> would see 67 apartments built over an eight level building. CDG also have a pending apartment project located on Hawthorn's Glenferrie Road.

Following the sell out success of recent projects MIYA and HAUS, Angelo Property Group have moved to shore up their future development pipeline with two new apartment projects. Lodged within days of one another, Ascot Theatre at <a href="/developments/ascot-vale-vic-3032">199-203 Union Road Ascot Vale</a> and Prism at <a href="/new-apartments/mac-robertson-lofts-365-smith-street-fitzroy">365 Smith Street Fitzroy</a> have the potential to yield a combined 100 dwellings in addition to a new Woolworths within the Ascot Vale redevelopment.

Last of the developers with multiple entires is Steller, which is seemingly going from strength to strength. In addition to a handful of current projects at registrations and sales such as <a href="/buildings/leigh-22-bent-street-bentleigh">Leigh</a> located within Bentleigh, Steller have embarked upon projects in both Armadale and Richmond. At planning, <a href="/buildings/acacia-74-wattletree-road-armadale">74-76 Wattletree Road Armadale</a> is modest at 29 dwellings relative to their largest development to date, namely <a href="/new-apartments/314-320-swan-street-richmond">314-328 Swan Street Richmond</a>.

Designed by architecture firm Ewert Leaf, the planning application sees 42 apartments and 75 serviced apartments over two 10 level buildings with retail and conference facilities located at ground level.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image33_0.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="140 King, New Charsfield, The Lincoln, 308 Carlisle and 386-394 Spencer"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" height="494" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image33_0.jpg?itok=JD3jQdPS" title="140 King, New Charsfield, The Lincoln, 308 Carlisle and 386-394 Spencer" width="580" /></a>

<figcaption>140 King, New Charsfield, The Lincoln, 308 Carlisle and 386-394 Spencer</figcaption>
</figure>

Other developers have also been busy with notable projects mushrooming around the inner city. As <a href="/news/besgate-group-readies-their-surge-into-the-melbourne-apartment-market">foreshadowed by Urban.com.au</a> recently, Besgate Group has pushed into the local development sector with <a href="/new-apartments/melbourne-vic">140 King Street Melbourne</a>. The 186 metre ROTHELOWMAN proposal is expected to see 271 apartments above two retail tenancies.

Chinese-Australian firm Ever Bright Group is readying to re-enter the apartment sector with a tower behind The Hotel Charsfield. Located at 478 St Kilda Road Melbourne, <a href="/new-apartments/new-charsfield-478-st-kilda-road-melbourne">New Charsfield</a> will see an 18 level tower with 69 serviced apartments in addition to private dwellings.

Brisbane-based Metro Property Group are poised to launch their sales campaign for <a href="/buildings/the-lincoln-15-cromwell-road-south-yarra">The Lincoln</a> within South Yarra after having received planning approval earlier in the year, while local developer Danny Ciarma under his UrbanDC brand is behind a proposal at <a href="/buildings/no-308-308-carlisle-street-balaclava">308 Carlisle Street Balaclava</a>. With 46 dwellings over four levels, the proposal would also contain two retail tenancies and two restaurants at ground level, covering a combined 700sqm.

Lastly Alpha 14 are seeking approval for an 18 level proposal at <a href="/buildings/bond-quarter-386-spencer-street-west-melbourne">386-394 Spencer Street West Melbourne</a>. 54 one bedroom and 72 two bedroom apartments constitute the proposal which would also see a mostly retained existing street frontage, with dual office tenancies slated for those spaces.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image37_1.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="103-105 High Street, 67 Rufus Street, 719 High Street, 5-7 Nepean and Lincoln Square South"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" height="321" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image37_1.jpg?itok=eW9oQdzd" title="103-105 High Street, 67 Rufus Street, 719 High Street, 5-7 Nepean and Lincoln Square South" width="580" /></a>

<figcaption>103-105 High Street, 67 Rufus Street, 719 High Street, 5-7 Nepean and Lincoln Square South</figcaption>
</figure>

The balance of those projects in the spotlight are more obscure in nature, either by location or by virtue of being championed by lesser known development entities.

With an estimated development value of $12 million, <a href="/buildings/marque-105-high-street-prahran">103-105 High Street Prahran</a> is a planning application seeking 63 apartments within a nine level building. While 103 High Street Prahran Pty Ltd is shown as the applicant, Healey &amp; Co is believed to be the developer with 103-105 High Street set to follow after their current project The Carlson, within Melbourne's CBD and which is nearing completion.

Two already approved and sizeable projects have surfaced in Epping, with 67 Rufus Street and <a href="/new-apartments/empire-epping-719-high-street-epping">719 High Street</a> both holding in excess of 90 dwellings. The former development site is for sale with planning approvals in tow.

Elsternwick continues to gain momentum as an apartment hot spot with Vantage Point Projects seeking approval for 53 apartments over five levels. Adjoining the McDonalds outlet on the corner of Nepean Highway and Glen Huntly Road, <a href="/new-apartments/elk-apartments-5-nepean-highway-elsternwick">5-7 Nepean Highway Elsternwick</a> sits on a 1585sqm site.

Last but not least is 23-31 Lincoln Square South Carlton. Plus Architecture have conceived a banded exterior for the 18 level proposal which would contain 124 studio, one, and two bedroom apartments if and when approved. Lodged during May on behalf of Ambertree Vic Mel (Lincoln) Pty Ltd, the proposal looks to replace the home of call centre specialist Salesforce, albeit within a retained building shell.

<hr />
&nbsp;

New projects in focus as the Project Database passes 800 listings

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Two new planning applications with Stonnington City Council are seeking to continue the trend of increasingly taller towers making their way into South Yarra's Forrest Hill Precinct. Lodged during late June, CBD-based entity Lantern River Pty Ltd is behind a proposal located at 671 Chapel Street which would see a 30 level residential tower replace a low-rise retail outlet, while Fridcorp have also sought approval for a mixed-use development at 627 Chapel Street.

Design firm Architecton has drawn inspiration form fine jewellery and faceted forms in order to conceive <a href="http://www.architecton.com.au/34556/7097762/select-projects/chapel-street-south-yarra">671 Chapel Street</a> with the predominantly black tower contrasted by bronze highlights. Abutting Melbourne High School and with a nominal value of $115 million, the proposal adds to the rapidly evolving streetscape within the Forrest Hill Precinct which has seen the northern stretch of Chapel Street subject to multiple tower proposals.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/da4b74f0b938098d9fcb9964b6af56bc.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Artist's impression of 671 Chapel Street. Image courtesy Architecton"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="870" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/da4b74f0b938098d9fcb9964b6af56bc.jpg?itok=Mi385Bal" title="Artist's impression of 671 Chapel Street. Image courtesy Architecton" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Artist's impression of 671 Chapel Street. Image courtesy Architecton</figcaption></figure><h2>671 Chapel Street overview</h2>

<blockquote>
The design seeks to deliver on one of the key objectives of the DDO control which is… 'to provide tall slender building forms rather than bulky, monolithic buildings in order to minimise visual bulk'.

The site context has been carefully analysed and considered, which has generated a sculptural building form that responds to key influences within its surrounding context.

The project leverages the incredible view amenity offered by the location of the site and its location within the Forest Hill North Precinct. The proposed development will create public interface that provides a vibrant, attractive and safe pedestrian connection through the Forrest Hill Precinct.

The proposal provides new residential apartments over 30 storeys and a 6 level basement carpark inclusive of residential amenity spaces such as shared lounges, rooftop bar, pool, library, gymnasium and yoga room. Activated public realm at Chapel Street with highly exposed retail and commercial spaces all integrated via a landscaped porte cochere.

The form and facades of the proposed tower have been influenced and moulded by the key heritage components of the immediate precinct, resulting in an architectural language which is responsive and deferential to the sites surrounding history, yet embracing the changing characteristics of Chapel Street, but also avoiding the unreasonable visual bulk of new development when viewed from surrounding areas by ensuring appropriate scales, form and articulation.
<cite>Architecton website</cite>
</blockquote>

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/chapelh.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Aerial perspective of Chapel Street's Forrest Hill Precinct. Image courtesy Architecton"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="237" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/chapelh.jpg?itok=RNWB_8dP" title="Aerial perspective of Chapel Street's Forrest Hill Precinct. Image courtesy Architecton" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Aerial perspective of Chapel Street's Forrest Hill Precinct. Image courtesy Architecton</figcaption></figure>Fridcorp's proposal for 627 Chapel Street would see a tower with a nominal cost of $130 million delivered, consisting of retail, hospitality and residential uses. Both 627 Chapel Street and 671 Chapel Street are in and amongst a handful of current projects intent on redefining South Yarra's emerging skyline.

Next to 671 Chapel Street Malaysia's Gamuda Land has launched <a href="/buildings/661-chapel-street-661-chapel-street-south-yarra">661 Chapel Street</a> within Malaysia, with a local sales campaign expected to begin during September. Valued at $146 million, Gamuda Land's first foray into the Melbourne residential sector will see 169 apartments delivered with one, two and three bedroom layouts available.

Adjoining 661 Chapel Street is <a href="/new-apartments/royal-como-663-chapel-street-south-yarra">Royal Como</a> at 21 levels while <a href="/buildings/esque-649-chapel-street-south-yarra">649 Chapel Street</a> at 20 levels and with an estimated value of $50 million is still under planning assessment. Rounding out the spike in development along this pocket of Chapel Street is LK Property Group's <a href="/buildings/capitol-grand-241-toorak-road-south-yarra">Capitol Grand</a> which recently gained planning approval, and at 50 levels will stand as the suburb's tallest building.
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Hitting the heights on Chapel Street

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Interesting times abound for one of Melbourne's more flamboyant development firms, with BPM in the midst of a development push that sees no less than six apartment projects currently active on Apartments.com.au's Project Database. With a penchant for all things <a href="http://www.bpmcorp.com.au/">beautiful and exotic</a> the firm which was founded by Jonathan Hallinan in 1995, has gone about creating a unique niche for itself in an industry where the majority of developers are trying to set themselves apart.

Underpinning the flair however is the aim of delivering quality living spaces, with <a href="/buildings/shadow-play-105-clarendon-street-southbank">Shadow Play</a> on Southbank acting as the firm's 'flagship' project and first Melbourne high-rise. Apartments.com.au recently spoke with BPM founder and Director Jonathan Hallinan in order to better understand the company's current anf future intentions.

Beginning with Shadow Play, the question was posed as to why BPM chose to move into the high-rise sphere and how was the prized Southbak site secured?

<blockquote>
Moving into the tower market was a courageous move for BPM, which had cemented itself as the premier developer of boutique, medium density developments in Melbourne. Fundamentally I always knew that BPM had further potential beyond just the medium density market, and that’s why I decided to move the business forward into developing residential towers.

Shadow Play is positioned in a sought after location that aligns with BPM’s strategy to develop in areas that appeal to successful, passionate people, with a strong coffee and food culture. When the opportunity presented to secure the Shadow Play site, we moved quickly to negotiate with the vendor.

On the day of the negotiations, I was scheduled to board a flight to the US late that evening. I spent the day at the solicitor’s office of the vendor, negotiating into the night before finalising the deal minutes before I was due to be at the airport. It would prove to be one of the most significant days in the history of BPM, marking our first endeavour into the high rise market and signifying a new era for the business.
<cite>Jonathan Hallinan</cite>
</blockquote>

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/shadowplay_ext_5_2100px_landscape_large.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Shadow Play taking centre stage. Image courtesy BPM"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="290" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/shadowplay_ext_5_2100px_landscape_large.jpg?itok=Yjd5X7ks" title="Shadow Play taking centre stage. Image courtesy BPM" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Shadow Play taking centre stage. Image courtesy BPM</figcaption></figure>Shadow Play to date has seen 70% of the apartments on offer sold, with 30% of those sales accounted for by overseas buyers. The success of Shadow Play has seen BPM take steps to initiate further high-rise projects, while also maintaining their willingness to tackle smaller, high-end projects.

<blockquote>
The move into large scale projects does not represent an abandoning of smaller boutique developments for BPM. Rather, as a business we see a great opportunity to apply the same luxury approach and design aesthetic typically associated with our boutique properties to our larger scale projects.

Therefore we aim to be across every market from boutique projects, medium density and high rise developments, taking what we do so well at the boutique level and applying that approach to the tower market, in order to make luxury apartment living more accessible and achievable for people on any income, without compromising on design or quality.

We are currently finalising negotiations on a further four high rise development sites, where we will continue to adopt our retention strategy of keeping 10-15% of the project.
<cite>Jonathan Hallinan</cite>
</blockquote>

The commitment to smaller boutique developments is underlined by BPM creating an internal construction arm specialising in luxury, medium density apartments developed by its parent. <a href="/buildings/walter-280-neerim-road-carnegie">Walter Carnegie</a> which is well advanced and <a href="/buildings/the-standard-brighton-209-bay-street-brighton">The Standard</a> located on Bay Street, Brighton are under the guidance of BPM Built.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image30_2.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Night Fall set for South Melbourne. Images courtesy BPM"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="321" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image30_2.jpg?itok=Z2xX4l-A" title="Night Fall set for South Melbourne. Images courtesy BPM" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Night Fall set for South Melbourne. Images courtesy BPM</figcaption></figure>Looking ahead BPM are set to release their first project within Fishermans Bend, with Night Fall the moniker assigned to <a href="/buildings/night-fall-165-gladstone-street-south-melbourne">165 Gladstone Street, South Melbourne</a>. Registrations of interest for the project are open with late July expected to see its public sales campaign launch.

Described as a cultural barometer and beacon by the development firm, Night Fall will see approximately 45 apartments delivered with large balconies a feature, allowing for flow between interior and exterior spaces.

Elsewhere and BPM are in the process of creating two additional Melbourne projects. Richmond will be home to a new apartment development at <a href="/buildings/light-edge-34-elizabeth-street-richmond">34-40 Elizabeth Street</a>, with the project at the final stages of planning and slated for a late 2015 release to market while Collingwood will see the developer diversify by fostering creative designer office spaces within a project that will be launched during 2016.
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Jonathan Hallinan on the rise of BPM

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Victoria is currently undergoing a substantial consultation process targeted at improving the design quality of apartments being built across the state. <a href="/news/victorias-push-for-better-apartments-part-1">Part 1</a> of this post discussed the main aspects of the <a href="http://delwp.vic.gov.au/planning/policy-and-strategy/better-apartments">Better Apartments</a> discussion paper released by the state government. Part 2 of this discussion will focus on why the state government should step in to guide the future development of apartments.

Many commentators on this subject are fiercely against anything other than the status quo which is largely determined by the free market. Their view is that if someone is willing to depart with the cash, it should be up to them as to what they buy. If that means the apartment has poor amenity then that is the individual’s choice and government has no place intervening. However the government does intervene in many other goods and service for the benefit of the community.

<h2>So why should the government step in to provide minimum apartment standards?</h2>

The free market does not easily take into account the mass consequences of individual choices. For example, if apartments within a building can be sold cheaper by the development excluding suitable landscaping, then the market will reward that approach. If this approach is allowed to continue over time, our built environment as a whole suffers the combined effects of poor design, such as making cities more susceptible to the <a href="/news/urban-heat-island-effect-whats-that">Urban Heat Island Effect</a>.

Another failure of the free market approach is to ignore the long term consequences in favour of achieving short term priorities. In a fast paced consumer driven society, permanence is something of a novelty. Our cars and white goods seem to last up to 10 years whilst our smart phones typically last about 2-3 years before they ‘need’ upgrading. Apartments however on the whole still have very substantial lifespan even when they are no longer useful.

This is a significant danger for our newly constructed apartment buildings which could easily become semi-abandoned slums if they cannot adapt to future requirements or be easily maintained. The developer and the initial buyer have nothing to lose if the building is great for the first ten years, mediocre for the next ten and uninhabitable from then on. As long as they don’t own the building when it becomes uninhabitable it will not be their problem. It will be someone’s problem though and our society will collectively pay the price if buildings become dilapidated and unusable.

<h2>Should the government mandate minimum apartment sizes?</h2>

A substantial aspect to this debate is the question of mandated minimum sizes. A common complaint against apartments are that they are ‘dog boxes’ which are too small. This complaint however is much more of a symptom than a disease. A poorly designed 50 square metre apartment can be very impractical for living, just as a well designed 24 square metre apartment can be a great place to live. It is far more about design quality, than size.

Some commentators believe that mandatory apartment sizes are a foregone conclusion for Victoria. This would seem quite premature given the following commentary by the Planning Minister in Apartments.com.au

<blockquote>
While apartment sizes are a hot talking point, we must keep in mind that good design is the key. There are some fantastic small apartments offering good amenity, natural light and are affordable, just as there are plenty of poorly-designed large apartments.
<cite>Planning Minister Richard Wynne</cite>
</blockquote>

If we agree that the problem is poor design at the bottom end of the spectrum, the solution then is to weed out the bad designs prior to approval. To do this the most obvious solution would be to require proposed apartment developments to be subject to a design review by the Office of the Victorian Government Architect. This would enable the quality of design to be assessed independently and the success of an apartment proposal would be tied to design quality rather than apartment size.

For unwilling developers concerned by the perception of a less certain outcome, a secondary option would be compulsory adherence to a full set of proscribed design standards including minimum apartment sizes.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/rate-my-building.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Rate My Building sample responses"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="580" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/rate-my-building.jpg?itok=W7KuSUQT" title="Rate My Building sample responses" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Rate My Building sample responses</figcaption></figure><h2>Bedroom sizes are being squeezed</h2>

A major bugbear for many apartment dwellers in newer homes is the limited size of the bedrooms. Whilst some might argue that a queen or king sized bed is a luxury item, for those taller than 188cm, a queen or king sized bed is a requirement for a good night’s sleep. By restricting bedroom sizes to only fit a double bed, the effect is to restrict who can live in the apartment.

Apartments which cannot facilitate a queen sized bed amounts to housing discrimination. Imagine the outcry if a public transport or government service was not available to people over 188cm in height. Housing is a basic and fundamental human need, regardless of height. Any guidelines or standards on apartment design that come out of this process need to engage with this aspect of apartment design.

<h2>Will minimum design standards significantly increase apartment costs?</h2>

Some of the most outspoken critics of the Better Apartments discussion paper and of apartment regulation cite the issue of housing affordability as the major reason why the government should not interfere with the apartment market. Perhaps the most alarming prediction was from <a href="/news/better-apartments-should-be-retitled-more-expensive-apartments">Craig Yelland</a> who proclaimed that “The cost per apartment will immediately increase by upwards of $150,000”.

The prediction is drawn from a comparison between Melbourne and Sydney apartment prices. Whilst it is absolutely clear that inner Sydney apartment prices are significantly more expensive than inner Melbourne apartments it is far less clear that this can be blamed upon their apartment design regulations, SEPP 65.

There are many factors that impact on the cost of an apartment in Sydney. Sydney has higher average wages and higher prices on goods and services. It also has different city geography, zoning controls, levels of international investment and different transport infrastructure all of which affect apartment prices. Median house prices in greater Sydney have also increased more quickly than in greater Melbourne, a fact which is also due to a complex system of factors.

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<caption>Median house prices</caption>
	<thead><tr>
<th>Year</th>
			<th>Melbourne</th>
			<th>Sydney</th>
		</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>2010</td>
			<td>$560K</td>
			<td>$629.9K</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>2014</td>
			<td>$658K</td>
			<td>$811.8K</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>percentage increase</td>
			<td>18%</td>
			<td>29%</td>
		</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
It is important to note however that SEPP 65 is not limited to Sydney, it is has jurisdiction across all of New South Wales. It is in fact in the regional centres where the State of Origin comparison between NSW and Victoria reveals an interesting story. If it were the case that SEPP 65 was responsible for apartment prices immediately increasing by upwards of $150,000, due to the mandated larger sized apartment sizes, bedroom windows or higher ceiling heights then we should expect it everywhere that those requirements are enforced.

A quick comparison between Newcastle (NSW), Wollongong (NSW) and Geelong (Vic) shows that it is possible to buy in all three locations a typical 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom 1 car-space apartments for somewhere between $530K and $580K

​

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image29_0.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Image source: The Red and Black Architect"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="149" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image29_0.jpg?itok=Ofp8YctQ" title="Image source: The Red and Black Architect" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Image source: The Red and Black Architect</figcaption></figure>The view that the New South Wales apartment regulation SEPP 65 Laws have not substantially impacted apartment affordability is also shared by The Property Council of Australia. A 2009 survey of the Property Council of Australia’s members found that 82 percent of respondents agreed that it had led to improved design, and with relatively minor impact on affordability. At the time of the survey, the regulations had been in place for seven years.

Despite being skeptical of the idea that minimum apartment sizes will cause substantial price increases, If apartment affordability should still be monitored closely to determine the likely impacts of the regulation. If prices do begin to rise substantially there is no reason why other planning mechanisms could be looked at to increase the supply side of the equation.

<h2>Where to from here?</h2>

In a democracy it is up to the citizens to determine how much we want our government to regulate. Do we allow a basic human right such as housing to be dominated by the developer spreadsheet or is there a further role for government to step in to make sure we build the city we need now and in the future. Now is the time to have your say. Public submissions on the Better Apartments Discussion Paper open until the end of July there is still much debate to be had about the way forward.

This article originally appeared on the <a href="https://theredandblackarchitect.wordpress.com/2015/07/01/victorias-push-for-better-apartments-part-2/">Red and Black Architect's blog</a>.

Lead image courtesy LITTLE Real Estate.
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redblackarchitect

Victoria's Push for Better Apartments (Part 2)

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Planning &amp; Property Partners has spearheaded the latest development push into Fishermans Bend, covering six separate residential towers fronting Normanby Road. The multi-disciplinary Melbourne-based practice is acting on behalf of six separate land owners who have seen it fit to amalgamate their land holdings into an integrated master planned development.

Lodged with DTPLI last week, the six separate properties straddling either side of Normanby Road would add 1,578 apartments to the Fishermans Bend mix over six 40 level towers, the maximum number of floors permitted under current Fishermans Bend interim height limits.

Designed by Hayball, the combined value of the six towers is an estimated $600 million and would see apartments start from 50sqm for a single bedroom apartment, moving up to 64sqm. Dual bedroom apartments begin at 91sqm while three bedroom dwellings see a minimum of 110sqm of living space.

As part of the development Port Phillip Housing Trust stands to benefit with the allocation of a number of apartments set aside for affordable housing use.

<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="450" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m0!3m2!1sen!2sau!4v1436210241959!6m8!1m7!1sOV_8HEvxi7GQjQPij4K_kQ!2m2!1d-37.829419!2d144.947599!3f2.1498087339594747!4f-10.576575587953641!5f0.7820865974627469" style="border:0" width="600"></iframe>

While the sites in question currently offer light commercial uses, the planning applications seeks to reinvigorate ground level activities by way of an overhauled public realm. The combined urban design response will see increased mid-block activation with laneways between Normanby Road and Munro Street and Normanby Road and Woodgate Street.

Retail and commercial tenancies are set to line ground level spaces with podium level tenancies earmarked for commercial use, specifically ‘business incubator’ spaces designed to support start-up businesses within the precinct.

<h2>What they say</h2>

<blockquote>
The net community benefit from a precinct approach is the creation of public spaces that feel good to be in and that people want to return to. We’ve carefully considered the human experience at street level with small-scale activities and spaces like laneways, pocket parks and plazas that feel intimate and engaging.

Making great places takes time and involves many complex ingredients to create a local experience which feels authentic. Early activation of the public realm and ‘seeding’ strategies to stitch new activities into the existing urban fabric are key to a celebrated local identity taking shape over time.
<cite>Tom Jordan - Managing Director, Hayball</cite>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
This coordinated effort will create benefits for both occupiers and the broader community. It is a benchmark for a quality-driven, design response to residential apartment development, fostering a sense of community and providing a positive social contribution to the evolving Montague Precinct.

Doing 6 towers together can only mean a better coordinated outcome in both an urban design sense and how it will interact at street level. It is an exceptionally well put together proposal.
<cite>Mark Naughton - Managing Director, Planning &amp; Property Partners</cite>
</blockquote>

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image24_0.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Normanby Road precinct. Image courtesy Hayball"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="393" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image24_0.jpg?itok=LWbmwN3E" title="Normanby Road precinct. Image courtesy Hayball" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Normanby Road precinct. Image courtesy Hayball</figcaption></figure><h2>The bigger picture</h2>

Further along Normanby Road there are two nearby properties currently hold planning permits for substantial towers. An Artisan Architects designed 40 level complex at <a href="/buildings/normanby-199-201-normanby-road-southbank">199 Normanby Road</a> has approval for 262 apartments while Perpetual Normanby Pty Ltd recently received the green light for a 49 and 39 level dual tower scheme at <a href="/new-apartments/228-238-normanby-road-southbank">228-238 Normanby Road</a>.

Overall Apartments.com.au is currently tracking 43 towers within Fishermans Bend, spread over 20 separate development plots. This figure is expected to fluctuate as a number of projects within the precinct such as <a href="/developments/south-melbourne-vic-3205">6-78 Buckhurst Street</a> are back in the hands of architects seeking an improved outcome.
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1500 new apartments slated for Fishermans Bend

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Over a decade ago works began on the 2006 Commonwealth Games Village which post event was rebadged as Parkville Gardens. The development and subsequent retrofit was headed by The Village Park Consortium; a joint venture between Citta Property Group and Australand which still endures onsite today.

During the initial development, a sizeable tract of land abutting Citylink was set aside for the purpose of flanking the arterial road with multiple high-rise apartment towers. Recent years have seen the development partners pursue a string of low-rise and medium density apartment projects, far from the 15-20 level buildings envisaged in earlier concept designs.

Relatively minimal builds such as Ville, The Green and Hyde have taken their place within the Freeway Apartments Precinct bounded Cade Way and Galada Avenue, with no high-rise towers in sight.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image19_3.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Thrive and Flourish. Images courtesy Citta Property Group"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="256" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image19_3.jpg?itok=M6hhAauO" title="Thrive and Flourish. Images courtesy Citta Property Group" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Thrive and Flourish. Images courtesy Citta Property Group</figcaption></figure>The tide however began turning with Jardin, an eight level apartment complex which was recently completed by Buildcorp Commercial. With the sell out success of Jardin's 90 apartments under their belt, Citta and Australand have reeled off three high-rise projects in rapid succession, capitalising on the robust demand for apartments in inner city locales.

With its tower crane freshly erected, Thrive Parkside represents the first high-rise in the precinct with its 15 levels of 134 one and two bedroom apartments mostly accounted for. Buildcorp Commercial are once more the builder for Thrive which is officially Stage 7 of the Freeway Apartments Precinct, and may be favoured to undertake the next tower dubbed Flourish Parkside.

At 12 levels Flourish contains 81 one and two bedroom apartments and abuts Thrive. As per previous projects within the precinct, Flourish is also a creation of SJB.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/header.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Prosper Parkside. Image courtesy Enrich Property"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="363" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/header.jpg?itok=6dj0dQi0" title="Prosper Parkside. Image courtesy Enrich Property" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Prosper Parkside. Image courtesy Enrich Property</figcaption></figure>With Flourish yet to break ground, another project within the precinct has emerged carrying the name Prosper Parkside. With some distinctive SJB design features, Prosper is a 14-15 level residential apartment project located on what is currently a vacant block of land on the corner of Cade Way and Galada Avenue.

Nestled between existing buildings and fronting Village Oval, Prosper looks to be the largest project undertaken within the precinct to date. It remains to be seen whether Prosper correlates to an active planning application currently before authorities which was submitted during February of this year covering Stage 8 of the Freeway Apartments Precinct, or whether the application is for yet another forthcoming project.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image22_1.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Freeway Apartments Precinct. Image courtesy australand"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="388" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image22_1.jpg?itok=3fRFGIgi" title="Freeway Apartments Precinct. Image courtesy australand" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Freeway Apartments Precinct. Image courtesy australand</figcaption></figure>What is apparent is the upward trajectory in scale that recent projects have taken within the Freeway Apartments Precinct. Accounting for the three towers outlined above, the precinct master plan still allows for a further four residential buildings east of Flourish.

While the composition of these four projects is as yet publicly unknown it might be assumed that based on the success of the projects released to date, future builds will be of a similar high-rise nature. It may have taken the best part of a decade but Parkville Gardens looks to be finally gaining its high-rise mojo as envisaged many years ago.
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A Parkville vision finally realised

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Long thought of as a site prime for high-density development, 830 Plenty Road is again subject to a planning application which would radically alter the local landscape should it gain approval. The 10,194sqm land parcel atop Reservoir's Summerhill Village currently sees a variety of vacant low-rise buildings languishing onsite, with all set to make way for 326 dwellings.

Project manager and development manager Ouson Group is behind the proposal which would see four separate apartment buildings delivered along with 17 townhouses under the moniker Reservoir Reflection.

<h2>830 Plenty Road planning application summary</h2>

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image10_1.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Aerial perspective of the intended development. Image courtesy Architeria Architects"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="277" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image10_1.jpg?itok=Ez80YU9U" title="Aerial perspective of the intended development. Image courtesy Architeria Architects" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Aerial perspective of the intended development. Image courtesy Architeria Architects</figcaption></figure><ul>
<li>Application lodged 29th June with Darebin City Council</li>
	<li>Site area: 10,194sqm</li>
	<li>Four apartment buildings of up to 12 levels</li>
	<li>326 apartments: 73*1BR, 15*1BR+S, 194*2BR, 24*2BR+S, 20*3BR</li>
	<li>391 basement car park spaces &amp; 106 bicycle spaces</li>
	<li>Retail and recreational uses at ground level</li>
</ul>
<h2>Design impetus</h2>

Urban.com.au spoke with project point Architeria Architects to gain an insight into Reservoir Reflection:

<blockquote>
Our response to the clients's brief to develop this site, situated next to a recently developed shopping precinct, was to exceed their expectations by designing a landmark apartment complex which includes over 320 apartments and townhouses along with over 1000 Sqm of retail and commercial space.

Communal areas such as a swimming pool, lush landscaped gardens, barbecue and play areas, all enrich the compound. Reservoir Reflection is aiming to introduce signature architecture to the rapidly growing and changing suburb of Reservoir in Melbourne. A rhapsody of architectural elements and materials create an exciting mix of twisted cubes, glass curtain walls, metal cladding and coloured concrete.

My vision was inspired by the movement of waves and their reflection. I pictured falling dices wrapping along Plenty Road, creating that landmark for Reservoir.
<cite>Mel Gawi, Principal Architect, Architeria Architects</cite>
</blockquote>

Key to the design is a reflective purple facade band which is designed to stand out as the signature element of the proposal. Loosely designed in a horseshoe configuration, the buildings surround an internal amenities area which are akin to resort facilities in their design and quality.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/image11_2.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Artist's impression of the facade treatment. Image courtesy Architeria Architects"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="321" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image11_2.jpg?itok=I4CeqFOm" title="Artist's impression of the facade treatment. Image courtesy Architeria Architects" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Artist's impression of the facade treatment. Image courtesy Architeria Architects</figcaption></figure><h2>Second time lucky</h2>

The site in question does have a planning history with approval in recent years for a Fender Katsalidis-designed dual tower scheme. Consisting of 294 dwellings and with the taller tower at 16 levels, the Fender Katsalidis design would have seen 273sqm or retails space and 424 car parking spaces included.

Both the initial Fender Katsalidis design and current Reservoir Reflection represent a marked change to the character and scale of the locality, although Reservoir Reflection's development team have held design meeting with Darebin City Council prior to it's submission in the hope of expediting the planning process.

With 326 dwellings included, Reservior Reflection shapes as one of suburban Melbourne's larger apartment projects, and one that would sit prominently atop the Summerhill Village precinct.
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Reservoir Reflection one of suburban Melbourne's largest proposals

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In May, Victorian Planning Minister Richard Wynne released the government’s discussion paper entitled <a href="http://delwp.vic.gov.au/planning/policy-and-strategy/better-apartments">Better Apartments</a>. This document is the next stage of the process that began under the previous government looking at how to improve the design quality of Victoria’s apartment dwellings. The Office of the Victorian Government Architect (OVGA) has been concerned for some time about the poor quality of amenity offered in new apartment developments in Victoria.

As identified in the introduction of the discussion paper, “The issue of apartment amenity was also raised by local government, architectural and industry bodies, and the media during consultation on Plan Melbourne.”

This discussion is well overdue with record apartment development in Victoria occurring since 2009. It is clear looking forward that apartments will be a big part of our capital city and increasingly our regional centres. This is undoubtedly a good thing as it is an opportunity for our cities to become less car reliant and more sustainable into the future.

In Sydney, minimum apartment design standards have been in place for quite some time. In 2002 under the leadership of Bob Carr, New South Wales introduced State Environment Planning Policy 65 (SEPP 65). Whilst it is no doubt a controversial debate, it would appear that the reforms have been successful in their purpose of improving the built outcomes of apartments in New South Wales. In this <a href="http://architectureau.com/articles/improving-the-quality-of-housing/">ArchitectureAU article</a> by professors Kerry and Lindsay Clare, they identify that the “Research, feedback and anecdotal evidence all point to the policy’s success”.

<h2>What is Victoria’s Better Apartments Paper About?</h2>

This paper is about seeking feedback from the property development industry and importantly apartment dwellers themselves about what the issues are and what should be done about them. The paper explains the four different mechanisms that the government has to control apartment development. It must be emphasised that the government is not restricted to using just one tool for every issue. Instead it could tailor a combination of control measures specifically to the issues at hand rather than trying a blanket catch everything approach. The tools at hand are as follows:

<ul>
<li>Regulation – Mandated standards via planning schemes or the National Construction Code (NCC).</li>
	<li>Performance based requirements – Objectives, standards and decision guidelines, similar to the way that ResCode works for housing 3 storeys and under.</li>
	<li>Policy – Provision of a guide to good practice referred to in the planning scheme.</li>
	<li>Market based methods – Focus on better educating the buying public.</li>
</ul>
<h2>What are the issues that have been identified?</h2>

<h3>Daylight and sunlight</h3>

The benefits of daylight and sunlight in apartments generally boils down to two aspects. The health and well being of the occupants, and the energy efficiency of the apartment. Apartments which have an overall smaller area of windows will require artificial lighting to be running more often. Apartments without direct sunlight cannot directly use this naturally available resource to help with heating, therefore requiring more energy to artificially heat.

There are currently requirements for day lighting to habitable rooms in apartments from the NCC. There is also an often used work around called ‘borrowed light’. This provision allows for a habitable room to ‘borrow’ the amenity from another room via a large door or glazed panels. This issue currently has substantial planning uncertainty attached to it with it being overlooked in some jurisdictions and close to outlawed in others.

19% of respondents to the <a href="/news/atelier-red-black-announce-ratemybuildingcomau">Rate My Building</a> apartment survey indicated that they feel their apartment has insufficient windows for light and ventilation (out of 140 responses)

<h3>Space</h3>

One of the primary discussion points around apartment design standards in Victoria is the size of apartments being built. 79% of Victoria’s one bedroom apartments currently marketed or under construction are below the minimum size required in New South Wales under the Sepp 65 laws. There are many issues that reside within this overall discussion point. The dimensions of an apartment can affect the flexibility, adaptability and liveability of that dwelling. The dimension of the ceiling height also has an impact the penetration of daylight into the apartment.

There is also the question about the diversity in types of apartments that are being supplied to the market. This nominally fits into this point although it could easily be its own separate issue.

Minimum sizes will be discussed in further detail in part 2 of this article.

<h3>Outlook</h3>

Whilst one might immediately start imagining apartments with brilliant city views, this point is more about making sure that privacy between apartment buildings is not undermined. There are examples in areas such as Melbourne’s Southbank where large apartment towers have been permitted to be constructed very close together. This places excessive reliance upon internal blinds or an exhibitionist personality.

The other issue with outlook is to enable passive surveillance to the street front. By having apartments at the lower levels with street facing windows, the street can feel significantly at night. This aspect is typically dealt with very effectively at a local council planning level and therefore may not require much in the way of policy or regulatory intervention.

<h3>Natural ventilation</h3>

Ventilation of rooms is critical to providing a sufficient level of internal air quality. In poorly ventilated spaces the air quality can become a health hazard. Giving occupants the ability to open and close windows can reduce the occupant’s reliance upon mechanical ventilation. Ventilation to habitable rooms is dealt with in a similar way to daylight, in that it is controlled in the NCC but with a similar borrowed ventilation clause available to the developer who can get planning approval.

<h3>Noise</h3>

The key issues with excessive noise entering apartments is that of health and wellbeing, sleep disturbance and privacy. When we think of apartments with poor acoustics we often think about the noisy neighbours that can be easily heard through the ‘paper thin’ walls. Australia wide data from 140 Rate My Building survey responses suggest however that noise from the street is just as important an issue as noise from neighbours. Currently controlling noise from neighbouring dwellings in the same building is regulated through the National Construction Code. There are currently no mandatory provisions for street noise insulation in apartments. That being said, some apartment developments are required to achieve a minimum level of acoustic insulation via councils imposing specific planning permit conditions.

<h3>Outdoor space</h3>

Outdoor space is often addressed in apartments via the balcony. Typically the rule of thumb is to have a minimum of 8 square metres with a minimum linear dimension of 1.6 metres. Outdoor space is often used when entertaining guests and is also important for those with children. The provision of outdoor space can become a difficult proposition once an apartment tower gets above a certain height due to excessive wind speeds. This is where well designed communal open space should be utilized to make up the deficit.

<h3>Adaptability</h3>

Apartment buildings and in particular apartment towers once built will need to last a very long time. Typically these towers are sold to hundreds of different parties each with a very small stake. This makes demolition and rebuilding virtually impossible if requirements change. Therefore we must be extremely careful about how we design these structures so that they can adapt to future needs. Can a basement car park be repurposed for another use? Can walls be removed to join two or three apartments into a single dwelling? Can an apartment adapt to service the needs of a disabled person? These are clearly aspects of apartment design that are not able to be addressed by the free market and need further government guidance.

<h3>Landscape</h3>

The use of landscaping within and around an apartment development has significant benefits to the wider city by reducing the urban heat island effect which occurs during our increasingly intense summer heatwaves. This urban heat island effect might seem like a fluffy term, however it contributes to hundreds of heat related deaths every year in our capital cities.

There is also substantial benefit in improving the vitality of the public realm through well designed vegetated areas.

<h3>Universal design</h3>

Architecture is for everyone, apartments should be for everyone too. There are clear statistics on how many people in our society live with various disabilities. There are also mathematical models which can predict how these numbers will change over time in our aging society. Clearly there is an urgency then to make sure that an equivalent percentage of apartments provided within a development are suitable to be adapted should the need arise. This is currently handled more or less on a council by council basis. A state wide policy would provide certainty to all parties involved and make the inner city a viable choice for those with a disability.

<h3>Energy and resources</h3>

The question raised by this topic is where the bar should be set in terms of energy efficiency. There are already well considered processes within the NCC to mandate a minimum level of energy efficiency. A solution to improve apartments here may be as simple as adjusting the benchmark. An additional consideration may be to mandate renewable energy generation for a substantial portion of the common area energy requirements.

<h3>Waste</h3>

<blockquote>
Apartment developments often have low resource recovery rates compared to single dwellings. This can be due to a lack of access for residents to recycling infrastructure and services
<cite>Better Apartments Discussion paper</cite>
</blockquote>

Waste Management is an area which is also in the better apartments ‘needs improvement’ category. The relevant objective here is to increase the level of recycling by residents. Recycling needs to be made as easy as possible by providing facilities to separate the waste. This might be as simply as putting in separate waste and recycling chutes in towers.

<h3>Car parking</h3>

Car parking is a common area of dispute within the planning system. From a developer’s point of view if they provide too much parking they will be criticised for increasing traffic. However if they provide too little parking they will be criticised for causing a parking problem on the local streets. It would seem the correct approach to car parking may well be to enable a site by site assessment that takes into consideration other transport options such as public transport and car sharing facilities. Local councils are already well placed to make the final decision regarding car parking, although perhaps this could be further enhanced by a state policy aimed at minimizing car reliance where possible.

<h3>Entry and circulation</h3>

The issues around the entry lobby and circulation spaces generally reside around a sense of address, visibility and safety. Amongst the other discussion points, this one would seem less critical than others that are more directly related to human health, environmental health and building performance. It is not necessarily apparent that a corridor that has fewer apartment front doors is necessarily safer than one that has more. Indeed it may be quite possible that the reverse is actually true. There are some energy efficiency bonuses available to naturally ventilate an entry corridor. It is also Clear that hallways which terminate with views to the outside are superior from a user experience point of view, however as such this might be an area suitable for the free market to judge via price.

<a href="/news/victorias-push-for-better-apartments-part-2">Part 2 of the Red+Black discussion</a> on Victoria’s Push for Better Apartments will look further into the merits of improving apartment design standards.

This article originally appeared on the <a href="https://theredandblackarchitect.wordpress.com/2015/06/22/victorias-push-for-better-apartments-part-1/">Red and Black Architect's blog</a>.
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