High-profile apartment defect cases have changed the way many NSW buyers approach purchasing, putting greater scrutiny on building quality, strata records and the parties behind a development before a contract is signed.

The industry buyers are assessing today, however, is also different from the one in which cases such as Opal Tower and Mascot Towers emerged.

NSW has introduced a series of regulatory measures aimed at strengthening oversight of apartment construction, including Building Commission NSW, the Residential Apartment Buildings Act 2020 and the Strata Building Bond and Inspections Scheme. Under the latter, developers are required to lodge a bond, with independent inspections forming part of the process for identifying defects in new strata developments.

Those changes provide another layer of protection, but they haven't removed the importance of buyer due diligence.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=372394]

For purchasers considering an apartment, that means looking beyond the residence itself. Building and strata history, strata reports, the track record of the builder and developer, the condition of common property and any known or planned expenditure by the owners corporation can all form part of assessing a building before purchase.

Whether the development is already complete can also materially change what can be assessed.

An off-the-plan purchaser is necessarily buying before the finished product exists. A completed apartment, by comparison, can be walked through before contracts are signed, allowing the purchaser to see the finishes, common areas and broader building as they have actually been delivered rather than relying solely on plans and renders.

It also removes exposure to some of the uncertainties that exist between an off-the-plan purchase and completion, including construction delays, cost pressures and builder insolvency during the delivery period.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=927]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/equitifund-group">Projects by Equitifund</a> National Sales Director Ben Hamblett said that greater focus on tangible evidence is increasingly evident among apartment purchasers.

“The biggest shift we're seeing is buyers wanting proof, not promises,” Hamblett said.

“That's exactly why we deal in completed stock - you can inspect the building before you commit - and why we've backed every purchase with a cash bond against special levies.”

At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/the-lennox-parramatta-12-phillip-street-parramatta-nsw-2150">The Lennox</a> in Parramatta, that emphasis on a completed, inspectable product is already in place.

The 413-apartment, 46-level tower at 12 Phillip Street is being marketed by Projects by Equitifund, allowing prospective purchasers to inspect the residences, common areas and resident facilities before committing.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=375255]

The Lennox also introduces another layer to the due-diligence conversation through Strata Surety.

The vendor-funded arrangement provides purchasers with a cash-backed bond held in their own solicitor's trust account from settlement. According to Equitifund, the bond covers any special levy raised during the applicable cover period and is provided at no cost to the purchaser.

Special levies can create an unexpected cost for apartment owners where an owners corporation needs funding beyond its existing strata contributions. Under NSW strata law, a special levy requires approval by owners at a general meeting.

Equitifund Executive Chairman Greg Huxley said Strata Surety was designed to provide something more concrete than reassurance about that potential exposure.

“Buyers have every right to ask hard questions about strata risk - the industry has given them plenty of reasons to,” Huxley said.

“Our answer isn't a reassurance, it's a bond. Strata Surety puts real money behind that confidence, held by the buyer's own solicitor, not by us.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=375281]

For The Lennox, its completed status also means purchasers can assess not only the apartment itself, but a building that has already been occupied and operating for several years.

Completed in 2021, the $300 million development, designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/marchese-partners">Marchese Partners</a>, comprises one, two, three and four-bedroom apartments, with open-plan living areas extending to private balconies. Interiors incorporate engineered timber flooring, stone benchtops and integrated appliances, while many upper-level residences have views across the river and surrounding district.

Its established amenity can similarly be inspected in operation. Resident facilities include the Watermark precinct with a 20-metre pool, outdoor terrace, barbecue areas, gym, fitness studio and conference room, while ground-floor retail addresses the river walk and surrounding public space.

The Lennox is also home to the Southern Hemisphere's first fully robotic residential car park, which has now operated for several years. Its nine-level basement combines three conventional parking levels with six automated levels, accommodating 327 vehicles using technology from German firm Lödige Industries.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=925]

The riverfront address puts The Lennox close to much of central <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/parramatta-nsw-2150">Parramatta</a>'s existing infrastructure, including Parramatta Station, Westfield Parramatta, Parramatta Park, and the Church Street dining precinct.

The remaining apartments form part of a limited release secured by Equitifund, following the sale of the majority of residences before and shortly after completion.

The regulatory environment around NSW apartment construction has changed considerably since the defect cases that reshaped public discussion around the sector. For purchasers, however, regulation is only one part of the equation. The ability to investigate a building's history, review its strata position and, where possible, inspect what has actually been delivered remains central to making an informed apartment purchase.

At The Lennox, its completed status provides that opportunity before contracts are signed, while Strata Surety adds a financial backstop against special levies beyond the protections already provided under NSW strata law.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=5743]

Joel Robinson

Buying with confidence: What NSW apartment buyers should check beyond the defect headlines

Too often, heritage buildings become the podium for a contemporary tower. At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/623-collins-607-623-collins-street-melbourne-vic-3000">623 Collins</a>, <a>Sterling Global</a> challenged its design team to reverse that process.

The brief to <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a> was deliberately simple: "Don't design around the heritage. Design from it." It became the philosophy behind a project that draws inspiration not only from two landmark heritage buildings, but from Collins Street itself, a street layered with architectural history and civic significance.

That philosophy has shaped one of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/melbourne-vic-3000">Melbourne</a> CBD's most considered residential projects, where the 1924 State Savings Bank and neighbouring Batman's Hill Hotel have become the architectural foundation for 623 Collins rather than remnants preserved beneath a new development.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145324 project_image_fid=372749]

Rather than approaching the site as a blank canvas, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sterling-global">Sterling Global</a> saw the existing buildings as the beginning of the story.

"Sites like this rarely become available," the developer said.

"623 Collins wasn't simply an opportunity to develop a prominent CBD site. It was an opportunity to restore and reimagine one of Melbourne's important heritage landmarks while contributing to the continued evolution of Collins Street. For us, the existing buildings weren't constraints. They were the beginning of the story."

Instead of mimicking the ornate heritage architecture, Plus Studio studied the proportions, rhythm and craftsmanship of the original buildings before translating those characteristics into a contemporary 42-storey tower.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145324 project_image_fid=372748]

"The brief challenged us to create a contemporary landmark that respected Melbourne's architectural history without becoming nostalgic," Plus Studio said.

"Rather than mimicking heritage, we sought to understand its proportions, rhythm and material language before translating those qualities into a distinctly contemporary architectural expression."

The practice says the State Savings Bank and Batman's Hill Hotel became the project's primary source of inspiration, allowing the heritage buildings and contemporary architecture to exist "in conversation rather than contrast." Generous planted terraces further soften the transition between old and new, creating elevated green spaces while reinforcing the dialogue between the restored podium and the contemporary tower.

That dialogue continues throughout the interiors, where Melbourne designer Fiona Lynch developed a material palette inspired by the idea of alchemy, balancing contrasting materials that reference both the Neo-Grec detailing of the original bank and contemporary urban living. The result is a series of spaces that feel timeless rather than trend-driven.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145324 project_image_fid=354343]

The project will deliver 316 residences across four collections, Heirloom, Signature, Reserve and the Penthouse Collection, with each responding differently to its position within the building, from the restored heritage podium through to the upper levels of the tower. The Heirloom Residences retain defining heritage elements including original heritage windows, generous proportions and high ceilings, while the tower introduces contemporary homes with expansive layouts and elevated views.

Amenities have likewise been designed to support long-term city living rather than short-stay convenience. Residents will have access to concierge services, wellness facilities including a pool, cold plunge, sauna, steam room and gym, alongside private lounges, entertaining spaces and dedicated resident clubs.

Sterling Global says that approach is resonating with buyers seeking permanence rather than novelty.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145324 project_image_fid=354347]

According to the sales team, purchasers are looking for enduring architecture, generous floorplans, heritage character and long-term value, with many commenting that 623 Collins "doesn't feel like another apartment development" because of the way the architecture has been curated around the site's history.

Situated on the prominent corner of Collins and Spencer streets, the project occupies one of Melbourne's most recognisable gateway sites, marking the western entrance to the city's best-known street. For Sterling Global, it also reflects a broader shift in city-making.

"Rather than maximising development yield, the project embraces adaptive reuse as a design philosophy, allowing heritage to inform architecture, interiors and the overall resident experience," the developer said.

"The result is a building that feels uniquely connected to Melbourne."

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=145324]

How Sterling Global designed 623 Collins from Melbourne's history

Avant Townhomes is adding to Ivanhoe’s family-sized housing options with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-townhouses/three-82-ivanhoe-382-upper-heidelberg-road-ivanhoe-vic-3079">Three 82</a>, a collection of just 16 four-bedroom townhomes on Upper Heidelberg Road.

The <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/intrapac-property">Intrapac Property</a> townhome division has taken a contemporary approach to the traditional family home, pairing larger floorplans with the lower-maintenance format of a townhouse.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152069 project_image_fid=374394]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/arcadia-studio">Arcadia</a>, with landscaping by Landsite, the homes feature generous open-plan living and dining areas that connect directly to outdoor spaces, with layouts also designed to maximise natural light and privacy.

Natural stone is used throughout the interiors, including in kitchens that pair stone surfaces with bespoke cabinetry, considered storage and SMEG appliances.

The four-bedroom layouts include built-in wardrobes and a main bedroom with its own ensuite, while family bathrooms service the additional bedrooms. Each home also includes a lock-up double garage and intercom entry.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152069 project_image_fid=374399]

Energy efficiency has been incorporated into the design through solar panels, double glazing and reverse-cycle heating and cooling, with the homes targeting 7-star energy ratings.

Rather than incorporating extensive communal facilities, Three 82 has been conceived around private residential amenity, with the 16-home scale keeping the focus on individual homes and their own indoor and outdoor spaces.

The development is located at 382 Upper Heidelberg Road, around one kilometre from Ivanhoe Village's cafés and retail and a short drive from Eaglemont Station and Ivanhoe Station.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152069 project_image_fid=374393]

Several of Ivanhoe's established schools are also nearby, including Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar and Ivanhoe Grammar School. The address also provides access to the suburb's parklands and the wider Yarra River corridor.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/nelson-alexander">Nelson Alexander</a> has been appointed to handle sales.

Construction is underway and progressing well, with Three 82 currently tracking toward completion in Q2 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=152069]

Three 82 brings boutique four-bedroom townhome collection to Ivanhoe

Builder-developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/graya">Graya</a> has secured a prime Newstead site from fellow developer Fraser, subsequently lodging plans for The Silo, a major mixed-use residential project in Newstead designed around a new public laneway linking the James Street precinct with the wider Gasworks and Newstead neighbourhood.

Proposed for the corner of Chester and Morse streets, the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/bureauproberts">Bureau^Proberts</a>-designed project places its strongest emphasis at ground level, where retail, landscaping and a new cobblestone pedestrian connection would open the site to the surrounding neighbourhood. The design team describes The Silo as “more than a residential building”, positioning the development as an extension of Newstead’s public realm rather than a standalone apartment tower.

“A new cobblestone laneway and landscaped connection between James Street and Gasworks unlock a missing pedestrian link, improving walkability and stitching together two of Brisbane’s significant urban destinations,” Bureau Proberts said in its Urban Design Report.

<img alt="First look: Graya plans The Silo as new pedestrian link between James Street and Gasworks" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0ea1b06a-75f5-40a5-b2c5-33c97bc86052" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/silo%20bldg.png?VersionId=KmjsAtNePu57_B31EM_DJ5T6KPJHtcmo" />

The Silo is planned as a mixed-use development incorporating apartments alongside a bar and centre activities including food and drink outlets, indoor sport and recreation, office and retail uses.

Architecturally, Bureau Proberts has conceived the building as a collection of vertically expressed, stepping forms rather than a single uniform tower. The composition rises from an articulated podium before being broken by a triple-height landscaped recreation level, with the upper section becoming more compact before terminating in a landscaped rooftop garden.

The project's name and architectural language draw directly from Newstead's industrial history. Patterned off-form concrete is proposed as the principal façade material, complemented by slender metal rod balustrades and extensive planting. The cylindrical and vertically ribbed elements give the building its silo-like expression, while curved balconies and planted edges introduce a softer subtropical layer.

“The Silo reinterprets its robust forms, scale and materiality through a contemporary subtropical architectural expression, creating a building that acknowledges its industrial legacy, while responding to the way the precinct is occupied today,” Bureau^Proberts said.

The recreation level is one of the defining breaks in the tower. Plans include a lap pool, mature subtropical planting and shared resident facilities within an elevated communal garden. Landscaping continues through the podium and onto the rooftop, where a further garden forms what the architects describe as a “subtropical crown” to the building.

<img alt="First look: Graya plans The Silo as new pedestrian link between James Street and Gasworks" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f8451036-35a4-49a9-8d88-2ef4438eba3d" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Silo%20Lane.png?VersionId=h8N31_rYmCEqoNrpt4kbYVQhJGZn60LH" />

At street level, the development has been designed to establish a more permeable block. Retail and hospitality tenancies address the public realm, while landscaped pedestrian spaces lead into the new laneway connection. Renders in the design report show the proposed “Silo Lane” as a substantial opening through the podium, framed by cylindrical concrete forms with cascading planting above.

The Silo continues Graya's move into larger apartment developments after building its reputation across high-end residential projects in Brisbane and the Gold Coast.

Graya buys Frasers Newstead site, plans The Silo between James Street and Gasworks precincts

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/wickton">Wickton</a>’s completed Linacre Rise development in Hampton is giving Bayside downsizers the opportunity to move into a spacious apartment near the beach, with the developer covering stamp duty for a limited time.

The 27-residence development has been designed for buyers who want to simplify their living arrangements without giving up the space, warmth and quality associated with a long-term family home. Most apartments have already been secured by Bayside locals, leaving a select collection of two and three-bedroom residences and penthouses available.

Two-bedroom apartments are priced from $1.275 million, three-bedroom residences from $2.25 million and penthouses from $3.375 million, with the completed homes available to inspect and move into now.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95289 project_image_fid=366760]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/linacre-rise-hampton-8-10-linacre-road-hampton-vic-3188">Linacre Rise</a> occupies an elevated position on one of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/hampton-vic-3188">Hampton</a>’s quiet, tree-lined streets, around 250 metres from the bay and 500 metres from Hampton’s village centre. Its setting gives residents access to the beach, local cafés, shops and Hampton Train Station while retaining the feel of an established residential neighbourhood.

Architecture and interiors by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/ewert-leaf">Ewert Leaf</a> draw on the warmth and permanence of traditional brickwork, with the building integrated into terraced landscaping by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/landscape-architect/john-patrick-landscape-architects">John Patrick</a>. Ground-floor apartments are elevated above the street and include private garden courtyards, while several upper-level residences have generous balconies and outlooks toward the bay.

Inside, the residences favour natural materials and generous proportions. Herringbone-pattern European oak flooring, natural stone benchtops, premium joinery and Swiss V-ZUG appliances are among the key inclusions, while integrated storage has been incorporated across kitchens, bathrooms, studies and living areas.

The kitchens have been planned as practical spaces for both everyday use and entertaining, with substantial island benches, detailed cabinetry and adjoining dining and living zones. Full-height wardrobes, plush bedroom carpeting and carefully considered lighting reinforce the residential character Wickton sought to retain for buyers moving from larger homes.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95289 project_image_fid=366769]

A Linacre Rise purchaser said the completed apartment had delivered the space, outlook and construction quality they had been seeking.

“The unit is very light, has views to die for over the bay, all construction materials and fittings are premium quality, we have secure parking for three cars, EV charging at very competitive rates, the neighbours are friendly and there is just a lovely ambiance about the place,” the purchaser said.

Environmental features include solar panels, shared electric vehicle charging stations, rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing and landscape irrigation, double-glazed windows and water-efficient fixtures and appliances.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=95289 project_image_fid=366762]

The development was built by Balmain &amp; Co, with Wickton managing the broader development process through its in-house team.

For downsizers, the project’s completed status removes much of the uncertainty associated with buying off the plan. Purchasers can inspect the finished apartments, understand their outlook and proportions, and move in without waiting for construction to conclude.

The remaining selection includes north-oriented balconies, corner configurations and penthouses with elevated bay views. The developer-paid stamp duty initiative is available for a limited time, with potential savings of up to $200,000 depending on the residence purchased.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=95289]

Limited-time stamp duty offer at completed Linacre Rise apartments in Hampton

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

&nbsp;

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

For most Australians, buying an apartment is one of the biggest financial decisions they'll ever make

The location, floorplan and price are often the first considerations, but in recent years another question has become increasingly important: who is actually delivering the project?

A series of high-profile builder collapses, construction delays and defect concerns have fundamentally changed how many Victorians approach buying off the plan. The collapse of Porter Davis in 2023, which reportedly left around 1,700 homes unfinished, became one of the most visible examples of the risks that can emerge when a construction company fails. <a href="https://www.equifax.com.au/sites/default/files/lpassets/pdf/Final-Business-Market-Pulse-June-Sector-Deep-Dive-Report-2.pdf">Similar challenges across the broader construction sector</a> have left buyers asking more questions before signing a contract.

As Victoria continues encouraging higher-density housing to address supply shortages, transparency is becoming just as important as location or price.

One tool increasingly entering the conversation is the <a href="https://icirt.com/">Independent Construction Industry Rating Tool (iCIRT)</a>, an independent assessment framework designed to help buyers better understand the developer or builder behind a project. Originally developed by Equifax in consultation with government and industry as part of NSW's Construct NSW reforms, the system has since expanded nationally.

<h2 data-end="1519" data-section-id="7nmx3" data-start="1492">What is an iCIRT rating?</h2>

Most Australians are familiar with independent ratings in everyday life.

We compare ANCAP safety ratings before buying a car. We look at Health Star Ratings in supermarkets. Banks rely on credit assessments when lending money.

Until recently, however, there has been very little independent information available to help apartment buyers assess the business responsible for delivering a residential project.

That gap is what iCIRT was designed to address.

Builders, developers and other construction professionals with an iCIRT rating have demonstrated high-trust characteristics through an independent, evidence-based assessment across six criteria: Character, Capability, Conduct, Capacity, Capital and Counterparties. This involves a rigorous review of financial health, past project track record, and ethical conduct. Crucially, an iCIRT rating could help provide property buyers with confidence that they are working with a professional who has demonstrated the capability, capacity, and willingness to return and rectify issues.

Importantly, iCIRT is not a recommendation to purchase a particular property, nor is it a traditional credit rating. It is an independent assessment framework designed to provide objective information about a construction business using a <a href="https://icirt.com/sites/default/files/2025-08/iCIRT-Methodology-Issue1-May-2021.pdf">published methodology</a>.

The system has been widely adopted in New South Wales, where more than one-third of medium and large residential builders and developers now hold an iCIRT rating, representing over two-thirds of the state's residential building market by value as of 2025/26.

<h2 data-end="3126" data-section-id="h6ohtj" data-start="3084">Why buyers are doing more due diligence</h2>

For many buyers, particularly those purchasing off the plan, the biggest risk isn't whether they'll like the kitchen finishes.

It's whether the project will be delivered on time, to the expected quality, and by a company capable of completing the development.

<a href="https://icirt.com/sites/default/files/2026-07/iCIRT%202025%20Consumer%20Survey%20Report%20v05.pdf">Consumer research commissioned by iCIRT</a> found more than half of respondents believed current protections do not adequately safeguard buyers from builder insolvencies or defective projects. Other research found 88 per cent of prospective buyers would seek independent ratings or due diligence before purchasing, while 90 per cent said trust in construction professionals is essential.

That doesn't mean buyers should rely on a single rating alone.

Independent legal advice, understanding the contract, and seeking financial advice all remain important parts of the due diligence process.

However, an independent assessment can provide another source of information alongside those traditional checks.

<h2 data-end="4138" data-section-id="pquzxc" data-start="4094">Trust is becoming a competitive advantage</h2>

The conversation isn't only changing for buyers.

Developers are also recognising that trust has become an increasingly important part of the sales process.

Five years ago, purchasers typically asked about floorplans, finishes and settlement dates.

Today, sales teams are increasingly being asked about the developer's experience, financial stability, previous projects and construction partners.

For companies with strong governance and established delivery records, an independent iCIRT rating provides another way to demonstrate those credentials before buyers even visit a display suite.

According to Equifax, the assessment can also help businesses drive sales and <a href="https://icirt.com/resources-for-business/icirt-rating-helps-scion-secure-high-value-projects">secure high-value projects</a>, as well as identify operational improvements and <a href="https://icirt.com/resources-for-business/mirvac-reinforces-brand-trust-and-quality-independent-icirt-rating">attract top talent</a>.

<h2 data-end="4962" data-section-id="1j54ng5" data-start="4912">Beyond buyers: lenders are paying attention too</h2>

The influence of independent construction ratings is also extending beyond consumers.

According to Stamford Capital's Real Estate Debt Capital Markets Survey, an increasing number of lenders now incorporate iCIRT ratings into their due diligence processes when assessing residential development finance applications.

The survey found lender adoption has continued to rise, with many respondents saying independent assessments provide additional insight into governance, counterparties and delivery capability beyond traditional financial analysis. Some lenders also reported declining funding applications where businesses had poor or no ratings.

As construction costs remain elevated and access to development finance becomes more selective, demonstrating credibility is becoming increasingly valuable.

<h2 data-end="5801" data-section-id="1qazuxs" data-start="5772">What it means for Victoria</h2>

Victoria's apartment market is entering a new phase.

The state is seeking to accelerate higher-density housing while simultaneously introducing reforms aimed at improving confidence in residential construction.

For buyers, that means there are more tools available than ever before to research the businesses behind a project.

For developers, it signals that transparency is becoming another point of differentiation in an increasingly competitive market.

Buyers are asking more questions than ever before and increasingly expecting independent information, not just marketing material, before making one of the biggest financial commitments of their lives.

Find out how to get iCIRT rated <a href="https://www.icirt.com/sites/default/files/2025-08/iCIRT-Infographic-Assessment-Process-Final.pdf">here</a>.

<hr data-end="6469" data-start="6466" />
The information contained in this article is general in nature and does not constitute personal, financial, legal or tax advice. It does not take into account your personal objectives, financial situation or needs. Therefore, you should consider whether the information is appropriate to your circumstances before acting on it and, where appropriate, seek independent professional advice.

This article contains links to third-party websites. These links are provided for convenience only. Equifax Australia does not control and is not responsible for the content, accuracy or privacy practices of external sites.

Copyright © 2026 Equifax Australia Information Services and Solutions Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.

Buying off-the-plan in Melbourne? How independent iCIRT ratings are set to change Victorian property

<html><body>
Fashion brand Cotton On Mega has continued its national expansion, this time securing a lease for a three level retail premises on the Gold Coast for its new flagship store.
The new store is located in the heart of Surfers Paradise, at 29 Cavill Avenue, and is about 1,692 square metres in size.  
Savills Australia retail director Michael Di Carlo brokered the deal with colleague, Avian Weber, associate director at Savills Gold Coast, 
The lease is for 10 year lease and the rent is believed to be $700 a square metre over the whole building. 
Cotton On Mega is due to open the new flagship store in early to mid-2014.
Mr Di Carlo said Savills Retail had advised the lessor, a Melbourne-based investor, on the purchase of the property with vacant possession in 2012 and that the new lease would deliver the landlord in excess of a 10% return and an increase in value of over 25% of the initial purchase price.
Mr Weber added that the Cotton On Mega deal represented the largest retail lease negotiated along Cavill Avenue in the last decade.
<a href="mailto:news@propertyobserver.com.au" target="_blank"> </a><a href="mailto:news@propertyobserver.com.au">news@propertyobserver.com.au</a>
</body></html>

kjiminez-eaYKfU7qd2

Cotton On Mega continues expansion with Gold Coast flagship site lease

<html><body>
Strengthening investor sentiment, increasing tenant demand and more favourable fiscal conditions are expected to position Sydney's industrial market for a rebound in the year ahead after 12 months of slow growth. 
According to CBRE’s Australian Industrial MarketView report for the third quarter, despite a contraction in industrial employment over the past year, total imports - measured in 20 foot equivalent unit (TEU)-  that came through the Port of Botany increased in July and August and over the 12 months to September rose  5.5%.
And while sentiment strengthened across the metropolitan industrial sector during the quarter, Sydney remained "one of the most in-demand" markets nationally. 
CBRE Senior Director of NSW Industrial Jason Edge said “while investors remain attracted to long term lease covenants and lower risk adjusted returns, they are becoming more accepting of shorter lease terms assuming the core property fundamentals exist".
“As a result of this, the market is tightly held, with owners holding onto assets in hope that yields will tighten further.” 
B-Grade warehouse yields remained steady at between 8.50% and 11.00%, while A-Grade warehouse yields tightened by 25 basis points to 7.50% and 10.50%, said the report.
Sydney industrial land values remained relatively steady over the quarter, with fully serviced 0.25ha lots averaging $580 per square metre and 1.6ha lots hovering at $448 per square metre. 
CBRE is not expecting land values to experience any significant growth until a market shift occurs. 
Specifically, CBRE senior research manager of industrial markets Luke Dixon said “capital value growth is unlikely until the availability of land declines or market demand changes".
Meanwhile, stronger construction levels over the quarter helped boost the industrial supply pipeline, with a total of 513,603 square metres due to for completion by the end of 2013, gaining pace in 2014 and 2015, the CBRE report said.
Rental growth remained flat over the quarter for prime and secondary grade stock.
<a href="mailto:news@propertyobserver.com.au" target="_blank"> </a><a href="mailto:news@propertyobserver.com.au">news@propertyobserver.com.au</a>
</body></html>

Sydney industrial market set to rebound in next 12 months: CBRE

<html><body>
A battle royale has erupted over the $4 billion Commonwealth Property Office Fund after GPT surprised the market yesterday with $3 billion rival takeover offer.
The offer gazumps the Dexus consortium takeover offer by about $160 million, which is valued at about $2.84 billion.
GPT is offering $O.75325 in cash and 0.141 GPT security for every Commonwealth Property Office Fund (CPA) unit. Based on GPT's closing price on 18 November, the offer values CPA units at $1.272. 
The Dexus and Canadian Pension Fund offer is valued at $1.219 per unit. 
However, Credit Suisse analysts pointed out today that excluding CPA's 1H2014 dividend of 3.32c, the adjusted price is actually $1.24. 
The analysts also believe that it will be difficult for the Dexus consortium to match the GPT offer.  One reason was based on its estimates that "if DXS were to match GPT’s offer by increasing the cash offer by 2.7¢ to 73.7¢, implying a total bid price of $1.24, this would see EPS accretion (FY15) reduce to ~1.3–1.8% as compared to the guidance of 2–2.5%".
On that basis, net tangible asset dilution would increase from 1.9% to 2.7%, they said.  "As a result, we see limited scope for DXS-CPPIB to justify any further premium".
"We also believe the increased offer from GPT potentially provides DXS with additional incentive to walk away as it would allow DXS to crystalise a 12.4% return on its entry price of $1.13 for its 14.9% stake in CPA.”  
<a href="mailto:news@propertyobserver.com.au" target="_blank"> </a><a href="mailto:news@propertyobserver.com.au">news@propertyobserver.com.au</a>
</body></html>

Battle royale erupts as GPT launch surprise $3 billion takeover bid for Commonwealth Property Office Fund

<html><body>
Following the demand of the first release of apartments and townhomes in the harbourfront estate Spring Cove, the second release of 17 luxury homes has been fast tracked.
Located in Manly, the 2.7-hectare estate by Denwold Group and Oakstand Property Group released the first stage of 16 two- and three-bedroom apartments and five two-storey townhomes off the plan in September.
Purchasers from the local Sydney market snapped up 19 properties, with only two town homes remaining.
Apartments were priced from $1.85 million to $3.5 million and the town homes were priced from $2.95 million to $3.2 million.
“We are thrilled with the strong interest from high end local Sydney buyers and subsequent sales results, which are testament to Spring Cove’s extraordinary locale and seamless integration with the surrounding area,” says David Cullen managing director of Oakstand Property Group
The second stage comprises of 17 luxury homes priced from $4.5 million to $6 million.
Internal areas range between 271 square metres to 391 square metres and feature under-floor heating, stone floors and miele appliances.
The <a target="_blank" href="https://springcove.com.au/overview.php">Spring Cove estate</a> is located in one of the last remaining parcels of untouched harbourfront land in Sydney.
“Manly is an iconic Sydney location with a community of family oriented beach lovers and surfers,” says Cullen.
“Locals can embrace the peace and serenity, enjoy the varied lifestyle amenities of vibrant Manly, and easily commute to the CBD on ferry - all of which are strong attributes that are driving buyers to purchase in the area.
“Spring Cove is a once in a lifetime opportunity to live in a unique and luxurious coastal community overlooking the world-renowned and highly-coveted Sydney Harbour,“ says Cullen.
The team behind Spring Cove has taken a “minimum intervention” approach to ensure the estate integrates within the ecosystem without upsetting its balance.
Spring Cove Estate was originally part of the Catholic Archbishop’s residence, which was built in 1886.
The median house price in <a target="_blank" href="/news">Manly</a> is $1.72 million, a 16.2% change in the past five years, according to RP Data.
The median apartment price in Manly is $760,000, a 17.8% change in the past five years, according to RP Data.
ntrotman@propertyobserver.com.au
 
<hr style="font-size: 14px;">
For the latest development listings, brought to you by Property Observer and partners, see our <a rel="nofollow" href="https://showcase.propertyobserver.com.au/11/3/skye-by-crown">Investor Showcase</a>.
Images are artist impressions.
</body></html>

ntrotman-Et3xWpamVh

Manly estate fast tracks 17 luxury homes following buyer demand

<html><body>
Upgraders, our largest buyer segment in the Australian market currently, could lose tens of thousands of dollars if they delay their plans in a rising market.
While much of the attention is on first home buyers, investors, renovators and even downgraders, those aspiring to own a better home should be the focus, said Joe Sirianni, executive director of Smartline.
“Chances are, most families will look to upgrade their home at least once in their lives – if not several times – as their needs change and financial situation improves," said Sirianni.
“This very substantial group of property buyers is likely to be significantly impacted by the turnaround that seems to be taking place in most property markets around the country.”
Financing an upgrade can be tricky, with a number of options needed to be considered.
Currently, there are three activities common within the upgrader group:
1) Selling first, buying later
2) Holding both properties
3) Using a bridging loan option
Those buying later, may find the market rises during this time, costing them significantly more.
Smartline's calculations bring the total cost of buying now and then upgrading from a $450,000 to a $600,000 property at $185,490, when considering agent's fees, stamp duty, conveyancing fees, transfer duty and associated costs. After a 10% price rise, looking at the same factors, this cost balloons up to $204,090, with transfer duty, agent's fees and the property price additional cost adding up.
<a target="_blank" href="mailto:jduke@propertyobserver.com.au">jduke@propertyobserver.com.au</a>
</body></html>

jduke-EHk3XBmHkn

Upgraders must be wary of rising market: Smartline

<html><body>
Building codes and the property industry have changed over the years to create safer and more comfortable living standards. The introduction of new and improved materials, and having to deal with population growth, has impacted the building codes and regulations.
The question that needs to be asked is: Are new changes in legislation with respect to material and methods of building enough to maintain a safe living environment?
Even with all the changes over the last two decades, there is one area which has been overlooked by many of the policy makers and policies. This being the area of safety.  I refer to safety issues in and around buildings that were constructed before new regulations were implemented, and changes made to the building standards from the Building Code of Australia (BCA). These standards still fall short, even in and around newly built apartment blocks.
An important issue is the required balcony wall/balustrade height. Years ago it may have been OK to make the minimum height 850mm to ensure safety and protection. Now the current standard is 1000mm.
{qtube vid:=LkFdiuxfqHI&amp;feature=youtu.be}
So what of the older styled buildings that would not comply with the new BCA standards? The law does not require older buildings that follow past standards to comply with current legislation. Another question that must be asked is: Does the new height requirement do enough to prevent injury and fatalities? Many industry experts would say no, the height is still too low.
We find that there is a shift in the demographics of unit occupants. Current trends show that more and more small families are living in units, as houses are just not affordable for some. Houses are beyond the reach of many tenants, as well as owner occupiers. As a result, we have more young children playing and spending time on these balconies.
To cope with these shifts and the common sense that old standards were too low, we now have the railings at 1000mm high but again, what is being done with older unit blocks? We have grave concerns about children falling out windows and changes are being adopted to make unit-living safer in this regard.
Now it’s time we looked deeper into the issues around balconies. Children can easily climb on a chair, a box or other objects to lean over the balcony out of curiosity. Not much assistance is needed in some of the older units as the balcony wall heights don’t require much more than standing on tip toes for a child to lean over the edge.
As the push toward affordable living for young and small families is directed to unit accommodation, local and state governments need to begin to take proactive measures and encourage owners’ corporations to look carefully into adopting measures to ensure more care is taken. I am not asking for a retrospective change to the building code, but rather a proactive adoption of a common sense approach toward safer living standards.
It is frightening to see and inspect older units where there is so much that can go wrong, and in particular around safety issues that involve balconies. All because when the buildings were erected, they complied with the then standards.
Don’t wait for a catastrophe to occur in your unit complex before implementing change. Although you and the strata manager may believe you are not responsible now, make the change, as injury of a tenant will impact your bottom line. A unit owner is impacted by what happens in the entire block. Encourage your strata manager to address these issues before your complex becomes the interest of the nation due to unsatisfactory safety issues. An extension of the balcony height can be both affordable and aesthetically pleasing, all while keeping with the nature of the building.

<hr>
Edwin Almeida is managing partner and licensee-in-charge of <a href="https://www.just-think.com.au/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Just Think Real Estate</a>.
 
 
</body></html>

ealmedia-arK4DBYLjS

Before the fall: Balcony safety regulations are still falling short

<html><body>
In a letter to a political ally in 1900, Theodore Roosevelt coined the phrase “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”. The corollary was that, without a big stick and preparedness to use it, one would go nowhere.
It’s a line that perhaps the Reserve Bank of Australia has been pondering in its comments around the persistently high Australian dollar.
After this month deciding to leave the cash rate unchanged, Governor Glenn Stevens noted the exchange rate was “still uncomfortably high. A lower level of the exchange rate is likely to be needed to achieve balanced growth in the economy.”
At times, the Bank has also signalled its views as to the size of the depreciation required to get back to a balanced growth path. Its <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/" target="_blank">November Statement on Monetary Policy</a> opines that “a further depreciation similar in magnitude to that seen earlier this year could be expected to see growth return to trend, or even above trend, sooner than forecast”.
But Roosevelt’s advice also applies to monetary policy. The Reserve Bank has, advisedly, stopped well short of announcing prospective policy changes designed to lower the dollar. For announcements to have any significant effect, markets would need to be convinced that the Bank does, indeed have a big stick.
Such is not presently the case.
Since 1996, the objective of the RBA has been to keep consumer price inflation between 2-3%, on average, over the cycle. What established the credibility of this objective was not its announcement but a track record of achieving it. Having established credibility expectations of inflation don’t move very far outside the target range, especially in the medium term.
Setting the cash rate with an eye on the inflation target and to a lesser extent the level of economic activity leaves little room for intervention in foreign exchange markets, other than to smooth short run disorderly conditions.
Markets know this. They also know that the Reserve Bank and the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority are aware of the risk that lax bank lending standards and rising loan-to-valuation ratios might set off an unsustainable boom in housing prices. The standard policy intervention to lower the exchange rate – a cut in the cash rate and a concomitant expansion in the monetary base– would only increase this risk. But if this risk were controlled by restrictions on bank lending such as caps on loan-to-value ratios (as have recently been implemented in New Zealand) this might give the Reserve Bank more room to manoeuvre.
Even then, monetary expansion on the scale required to shift the exchange rate would have to confront the problem that most of the “high dollar problem” is due to monetary policy in the United States. Markets know that the Reserve Bank is unlikely to intervene while there is uncertainty about the stance of monetary policy in the United States.
Indeed, the policy of the US Federal Reserve provides an interesting example of where announcements of future policy do shift markets.
Faced with a situation where its equivalent of the cash rate cannot be cut any further, the Fed has adopted a policy of quantitative easing. QE itself is just the policy whereby the Fed purchases assets (government bonds) from the private sector, increasing the monetary base.
Because rates are already so low, this has no effect on the current short term interest rate, and the Fed has attempted to gain the use of an additional policy instrument by announcing the terms under which this unconventional policy will be continued.
To the extent that this “forward guidance” works, it is because markets expect future short term interest rates will be kept low by QE, and that keeps current long term interest rates low. As a side effect, forward guidance pushes down the US dollar on foreign exchange markets.
Because they are credible announcements about the path of future policy, any change in forward guidance, particularly as to when QE will be withdrawn, has an effect on longer term rates and on the relative returns on Australian and US bonds. An announcement of “tapering” QE would see the return on US bonds rise relative to Australian bonds, holdings of Australian bonds would become less attractive, and the Australian dollar would fall relative to the US.
Can policy announcements push the Australian dollar down? Yes. But the relevant announcements are those of the Federal Reserve, not the Reserve Bank.

<hr>
Graeme Wells is university associate, School of Economics and Finance at <a href="https://www.utas.edu.au/" target="_blank">University of Tasmania</a>.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-tasmania"></a>
This article was originally published at <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/talking-the-dollar-down-does-jawboning-work-20254">original article</a>.
<img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/20254/count.gif" width="1">
</body></html>

jake-cSmGT7VXVf

Can policy announcements push the Australian dollar down?

<html><body>
An unfinished four-bedroom, two-storey home in New South Wales’ Bullaburra was the most affordable auction sale last weekend.
Located at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-nsw-bullaburra-115133903" target="_blank">373 Great Western Highway</a>, the house sold for $191,000 through First National Real Estate – Mid Mountains.
Prior to this sale, the house last sold in 2007 for $240,000, according to RP Data records.
Listing agent Gary Brown told Property Observer the auction was “very good”, with 10 registered bidders present.
The successful bidder was an investor.
“He’s a builder – he’s not going to live in it, probably going to keep it as a rental, or flip it,” Brown said.
He added that the vendor was a builder who had lost motivation and enthusiasm in finishing the project.
While the property is located on the highway, it is 400 metres from the station with a bus service out the front. Its back also faces a park, which is ideal for families.
Brown also noted that Bullaburra’s property market is easily affected by the Sydney property market, as most buyers are from Sydney.
“When Sydney goes good, we go good; when Sydney goes bad, we go bad,” he said.
Hence, the property market in Bullaburra is going well at the moment.
“In the last six months, we’ve had a $35,000 increase per property. But mind you, we’ve had nine years of very slow growth,” he said.
He added that investor activity is very strong in the area at the moment, while first homebuyers have lost interest in the area.
“We’re seeing a lot of mum and dad investors, builders, and a lot of self-managed super funds,” he said.
According to First National Mid Mountain’s estimated asking rent of $380 per week once the property is done up, the price reflects a 10.35% yield.
According to the <a href="/news">latest RP Data report</a>, the median house price in Bullaburra is $327,500, down 3.1% on last year. The average discount required to sell a house is 7.9%, while private treaty sales average 135 days on market.
The median asking rent for a house is $363 per week, while gross rental yield currently stands at 5.8%.
</body></html>

dleow-BGaNPbHWyK

Unfinished home in NSW's Bullaburra fetches $191,000, reflects 10.35% yield

<html><body>
One of the key characteristics of real estate is its fixed location, hence the popular quotation: "Location, location, location".
While property rights can be and are exchanged over time, the location of a property remains constant and the ongoing demand for the land constitutes a prime determinant of prevailing market price.
There is a well-known geographical economic theory in real estate circles know as the bid-rent theory, which dates back many decades - it was derived from a Ricardian theory on the most productive agricultural land.
{qtube vid:=IkXStOyKTH0}
In the simplest terms, the original theory and bid-rent curves implied that the price and demand for property was highest within the concentric rings located closest to the central business district (CBD) and decreased the further away from that central point you travelled.
Location theories hold that centrally located land is commonly worth more as retailers aim to maximise profitability and therefore will 'bid' more for the land close to the city. Land on the outer is often deemed to be more viable for industrial use and demand is lower.
Meanwhile, as different land uses compete, residents (so the theory went) were also prepared to pay the highest rent for land close to the CBD where work and entertainment was traditionally located.
Australia's major capital cities are located on water and therefore the ring would not spread uniformly outwards from the centre of the city, even if the bid rent theory held completely true.
<img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BgFCXcCwWsc/UoqaId4O7TI/AAAAAAAAK1Y/rQ9NJTbBzcM/s400/Bid+rent+curve.jpg" style="border: 1px solid #ebebeb; position: relative; padding: 5px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px;" height="296" width="470">
All else being equal, therefore prices could be highest in the inner city (A) and gradually recede the further from that point you move out to the inner/middle rings suburbs (B) and the outer locations (C).
High prices in central locations also encourage a higher density of building as compared to the lower density and more sparsely populated locations further from the city's centre.
Over time, however, it should be expected that improved transport links can increase demand from higher income earners further from the centre of the city, in particular increasing demand in the well-located middle ring suburbs.
Despite the obvious limitations, is some reasonably sound logic behind the bid-rent theory. For one thing, simple geometry shows that when looking at concentric rings (or something approximating thereto), there must be far less land in the inner zone (A). Correspondingly, there is a significantly greater supply land available to be developed in the outer (C).
Article continues on the next page. Please click below.
 
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Scarcity is artificial
I've noted before how the original grid system in Australia created an artificial land scarcity and the standardised city blocks encouraged rapid resale and speculative activity.
As you can see on the previous page, the artificial land scarcity in Australia was also exacerbated by all of the earliest cities being located beside water. If you travel away from the city in the wrong direction, you'll quickly end up in the blue stuff.
However, over time it has become clear that both in the US and in Australia, that all else is not equal when it comes to residential property. Even from in the 1880s you can find clear references in original sources to residents in Australia having a strong preference for suburban living away from the centre of the city.
Social housing has often been located in the inner city zones, for example, while wealthier households have often sought space in the suburbs.
Further, the traditional bid rent curve is distorted by other factors such as households preferring to be located near favoured schools or other recreation. More than this, most people do not work in the CBD. Some are prepared to travel great distances (and journey times) to work while other attach a great cost to this...and so on.
Michael Oxley:  "A major objective of rational land-use planning is to take account of the external cost and benefits. If land-use planning achieves its objectives the actual pattern of land use will differ from that predicted by simple market-orientated location theories".
Another artificial barrier is in place with our city land supply, which is related to zoning and land release.
And herein lies Australia's great challenge.
Take a look, for example, at the population growth in some of Sydney's leafy inner/middle ring suburbs and you will find that the population levels are remarkably static for a capital city with such a burgeoning population growth.
While new construction and renovation does occur to some extent, the total supply in certain popular suburbs is often all but fixed due to effective height restrictions on new builds.
Even on land which is zoned as 'high density', it is often difficult to build upwards due to blocking the views of other existing residential buildings. Sydney investors in particular are currently piling into this stock because they believe that the supply will be fixed with the demand increasing by the year.
The challenge for Australia is to convince people that living close the CBD is not essential, which means providing quality transport links to places of employment (our cities are not monocentric as is often argued, so this includes to transport links to and from secondary CBDs and other employment hubs), improved infrastructure and other entertainment.
There have been a great many suggestions as to how this can be achieved and affordable housing can be provided for our growing population. These include tax legislation reform among other suggestions. Ultimately, in aggregate, demand is growing, so the solution must come back to freeing up the supply side and improving infrastructure and transport links.
The alternative is us simply paying ever-higher prices for a constrained supply of stock close to the city, which appears to be the route we are presently embracing. It's decision time...

<hr>
Pete Wargent is the co-founder of <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://allenwargent.com/">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/">blogger</a>.
His new book '<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>' is out now.
 
 
</body></html>

pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

The bid-rent theory: What can it tell us about the future of housing in Australia?

<html><body>
Let me declare myself unambiguously: I do not hate McMansions, just because they’re easy to hate.
For quite a few years now, anybody who writes about these oversized single family homes has consistently demonised them as not just individually ugly, ill-designed and unsustainable, but as the building blocks of isolated suburbs devoid of a sense of community.
In an otherwise admirable reminder of just how ingrained the aspiration for a freestanding house is in the Australian psyche and polity, Peter McNeil, professor of design history at Sydney’s University of Technology, Sydney <a href="https://theconversation.com/me-and-my-mcmansion-australians-and-their-homes-12179" target="_blank">wrote in February</a> on The Conversation:
"Apart from warehouse conversions and architect-designed homes, many Australian dwellings are McMansions that do not relate to the scale of the houses around them or have anything to do with their environment. It is possible that as in North America, we are retreating into our homes more and more, meeting lovers online, watching our video on home entertainment systems, cooking on industrial quality ovens and holding parties with enormous BBQs that would once have provided a catering company. Perhaps we need to think a bit more about whether we are part of communities and networks or if we are heading towards an atomised existence?"
That is mild compared to the vitriol of Fairfax writer <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/by/elizabeth-farrelly" target="_blank">Elizabeth Farrelly</a>, Australia’s only successful populist newspaper architecture critic.
Farrelly masks her unalloyed condemnation of McMansion design with a long-term, consistent, but remarkably axiomatic stance against their <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/11/08/1099781318531" target="_blank">over-consumption of land and resources</a>.
<img width="470" height="181" src="/images/stories/2013/11/19/mcmansion-one-Elana-Centor-flickr.jpg" alt="mcmansion-one-Elana-Centor-flickr">
Photo courtesy of Elana Centor/flickr
If there is no need for even a pretence of objectivity, the condemnation can be brutal. On the <a href="https://thingsboganslike.com" target="_blank">Things Bogans Like</a> website, entry <a href="https://thingsboganslike.com/2010/02/02/mcmansions/" target="_blank">#76 McMansions</a> concludes:
"In order to put a McMansion within reach of the financially impulsive bogan, builders take phenomenal amounts of shortcuts on the shoddily fitted out McMansion. Once the flashy silver oven breaks, and the paper thin feature wall cracks, it becomes clear that the housing estate is 10 years away from being a generic and unserviced bogan ghetto. It’s the great Australian dream come true."
What all this McMansion bashing has in common is a set of assumptions that are ill-founded.
The first is the convenient lie that McMansions are the opposite of architect-crafted paragons of good design. This is easiest dealt with by visiting somewhere like <a href="https://www.homeworld.com.au/kellyville/home">Homeworld Kellyville</a>, the display village north west of Sydney.
Talk to the sales people, and the names of some of our better known mid-career architects are volunteered as the designers of an unexpected number of models.
The second anomaly is that a surprising proportion of available project home models are of notably good design. They make the most of small sites, with great connections between informal living areas and well sheltered outdoor al fresco rooms.
They have a relatively low proportion of glass area compared to their floor area (typically 20% “glazing to floor ratios”) yet look light and airy. Most architect-designed houses often have double that proportion of glass, or more.
They often have good planning for the needs of parents and growing kids to spend time together, yet also get away from each other. They have admirably economical and practical construction, in materials no different to those employed for much more expensive houses.
True, some McMansions don’t have any of these worthy attributes, and all are too big.
The third inconvenient truth? Let’s ask <a href="https://www.be.unsw.edu.au/profile/patrick_troy" target="_blank">professor Patrick Troy</a>, a world expert on urban development and visiting professor at the University of New South Wales' City Futures Research Centre.
He <a href="https://www.be.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/upload/FinalLandcomEnergyandWaterReport.pdf" target="_blank">pointed out in 2006</a> that, of the major dwelling types, free standing suburban houses are the lowest energy consumers per occupant and appear to consume less water per occupant than contemporary apartments. That is data.
Professor Troy also suggests that, if climate change ever forces us back to a higher degree of local food production, what we call “urban sprawl” may be actually more resilient as a form of urbanisation than the concrete jungles of urban consolidation.
In the end, I too come down on the side of the argument that suggests we have McMansions because they are a symbol of success, not because we actually need them. And the bad McMansions do spoil it for me, in spite of my admiration for the good ones.
But to be clear: I don’t hate them just because I’m supposed to.

<hr>
Steve King is senior lecturer in architecture at <a href="https://www.unsw.edu.au" target="_blank">University of New South Wales</a>
This article was originally published at <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/stop-demonising-mcmansions-19887">original article</a>.
 
<img width="1" height="1" alt="The Conversation" src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/19887/count.gif">
</body></html>

Latest Expert Insights

Buying off-the-plan in Melbourne? How independent iCIRT ratings are set to change Victorian property

Guides

Editor's Picks

Guides

Developments

New apartments

New townhouses

News

Latest Expert Insights

Buying off-the-plan in Melbourne? How independent iCIRT ratings are set to change Victorian property

Guides

Editor's Picks

Receive the latest news stories to your inbox

Guides

Developments

New apartments

New townhouses

News