Apartment buyers in New South Wales are set to gain a decade of insurance-backed protection against major building defects, after the NSW Parliament passed the Fair Trading and Building Legislation Amendment Bill 2026.&nbsp;

The Bill establishes decennial defect insurance, known in the market as Latent Defects Insurance (LDI), as an alternative to the existing two-year strata building bond. It cleared the Legislative Council with amendments on Tuesday evening (August 4, 2026), with the Legislative Assembly agreeing to those amendments shortly after.

Under the reform, eligible developers can satisfy their statutory bond obligation by taking out an approved decennial-style policy that gives owners 10 years of cover for major structural defects from completion, claimable directly, without first having to pursue developers or builders through costly legal action.&nbsp;

The change forms the final tranche of amendments arising from the 2021 statutory review of the Strata Schemes Management Act 2015 and related legislation.

Resilience Insurance, which originated the cover in Australia and has delivered it in NSW since 2022, welcomed the passage and credited the NSW Government for delivering it.

“This is protection apartment buyers have needed for a long time, and the credit for delivering it belongs to the NSW Government,”&nbsp;said Corey Nugent, CEO of Resilience Insurance.

“Minister Chanthivong and his team have shown real leadership in replacing an outdated two-year bond with cover that matches the lifespan of the buildings people are buying into. Reform like this is what good, evidence-based regulation looks like.”

Resilience has delivered LDI in NSW since 2022, protecting thousands of apartments, giving the State, and now the country, real-world evidence of how decade-long, no-fault protection works in practice.

The reform also places NSW within a wider national shift.

NSW is the third jurisdiction to put decennial cover into law. The ACT legislated for it in 2024, with the scheme taking effect in late 2025, and Victoria passed its own framework on 17 June. Between them, the three cover the majority of Australia's apartment market.

The reform commences once the legislation is proclaimed, which is expected in the coming weeks. From that point, developers of Class 2 residential apartment buildings can meet their statutory obligation with an approved decennial policy in place of the bond.

Buyers who purchased into projects that took out the cover early are among the first in the country to take keys to apartments carrying decade-long structural protection.

“With the legislation passed, the focus now turns to making it work for buyers,”&nbsp;Nugent said.

“There are already thousands of apartments in NSW covered by this insurance, bought by developers who moved early. The question every buyer should be asking in a display suite is a simple one: does this building come with 10-year defect cover, and who stands behind it?&nbsp;

“We look forward to working with the Government and the Building Commission in coming weeks as the framework moves to implementation, and to sharing what we have learned over the past four years so the protection reaches owners as smoothly and quickly as possible.”

Other states are working through their own reform programs. Western Australia has indicated that decennial cover is within consideration a later stage of its reform sequence, and Queensland has been examining the settings as it looks at the development pipeline ahead of the 2032 Olympics.

Resilience Insurance acknowledges the NSW Government’s continued focus on strengthening consumer protection while supporting housing delivery across the State.

Fast Facts: What the reform means

<ul style="color:#222222; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:small; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; text-align:start; white-space:normal; background-color:#ffffff; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial">
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Proven at scale:&nbsp;Decennial cover has operated in NSW since 2022, protecting thousand of apartments.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">10 years of cover:&nbsp;Protection for major structural defects runs for a decade from completion, claimable directly and with no legal action required.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">An alternative to the bond:&nbsp;Eligible developers can meet their statutory obligation with an approved decennial-style policy in place of the 2% strata building bond.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Part of a national shift:&nbsp;The ACT has had decennial provisions in force since 2025 and Victoria passed its framework in June. NSW now joins them.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">No-fault, first resort:&nbsp;Owners corporations claim directly from the insurer without first having to establish who is liable for the defect.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Cost-competitive:&nbsp;At approximately 1.8% of build cost, LDI is typically priced below the 2% bond while offering broader, longer protection.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Market position:&nbsp;Resilience originated LDI in Australia and has delivered it in NSW since 2022.</li>
</ul>

Fast Facts: What is Resilience LDI?

<ul style="color:#222222; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:small; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; text-align:start; white-space:normal; background-color:#ffffff; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial">
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Resilience Latent Defects Insurance (LDI):&nbsp;Covers major structural defects for 10 years from completion.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Consumer-first:&nbsp;Direct claim access, no need for lengthy legal action.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Cost advantage:&nbsp;At approximately 1.8% of build cost, LDI is typically priced below the traditional 2% Strata Bond while offering broader protection.</li>
	<li style="margin-left:15px; font-family:Aptos, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:#000000">Market leader:&nbsp;&nbsp;Resilience Insurance originated LDI in Australia and is the national market leader.</li>
</ul>

Joel Robinson

NSW parliament passes 10-year defect insurance laws for new apartment buyers

Builder-developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/mcnab-developments">McNab</a> has wasted little time reshaping one of South Brisbane's most significant undeveloped apartment sites after acquiring the property earlier this year.&nbsp;

McNab has lodged plans to scrap an existing approval for two 30-storey towers and instead deliver a single 28-storey residential building, preserving part of the site for a future development opportunity.

The proposal, lodged over <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/64-peel-street-south-brisbane-qld-4101">64 Peel Street and 9 Cordelia Street</a>, is for a residential-led mixed-use development comprising 124 apartments above a landscaped podium, alongside a boundary realignment that preserves part of the land for a future residential project.

<img alt="First look: McNab resets decade-old South Brisbane approval with 124-apartment tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="743bf564-3f8f-45fc-b8d3-bbf18f5b628f" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/mcnab%20Peel%20st%20podium.png?VersionId=EhCxGrVn_VFH3qTbKnI4WppGwaMnOn0t" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/hayball">Hayball</a>, the development will deliver 119 two-bedroom and five three-bedroom apartments across 23 residential levels. A five-level podium will accommodate 135 car spaces, while the ground floor will include a 66 sqm commercial tenancy, an activated residential lobby with work-from-home spaces, and a publicly accessible landscaped plaza linking Cordelia and Peel streets.&nbsp;

Communal amenities will span Level 6 and the rooftop, including indoor and outdoor recreation spaces, a swimming pool, barbecue facilities, kitchen and dining areas, lawn space, sauna, steam room and yoga facilities.

The application also proposes a boundary realignment to create a standalone 1,290 sqm development lot while retaining an adjacent parcel for future redevelopment, allowing the balance of the site to contribute additional housing over time.

Hayball said the architecture has been shaped by the site's elevated corner position at the intersection of Peel and Cordelia streets and Brisbane's subtropical climate.

The design incorporates generous landscaped setbacks, a masonry podium wrapped with planting, large north-facing balconies, and a slender tower profile intended to maximise natural light, cross ventilation and long-range views. The rooftop has been conceived as a wellness-focused retreat overlooking Brisbane, with amenities positioned to capture views towards Mount Coot-tha and the CBD.

<img alt="First look: McNab resets decade-old South Brisbane approval with 124-apartment tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c5f99e84-6ad8-4a87-82d1-869685b754d2" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/mcnab%20tower%20perspective.png?VersionId=Gw0IuJaSAlk.tvGBxInhZOcQAdIB..2b" />

The planning submission positions the proposal as a response to both changing market conditions and Brisbane's Kurilpa Sustainable Growth Precinct planning reforms.

McNab acquired the site after the previous approval was granted, with the existing scheme no longer reflecting current residential market demands, economic conditions, construction challenges, construction efficiencies or the quality of development outcome now being pursued, the planning report noted.

McNab continues to expand its residential development pipeline across Brisbane and the Gold Coast. The developer recently launched The Tannery in West End, securing more than 60 per cent of apartments before the project's public release. It is also delivering Elements Budds Beach in Surfers Paradise and Lucia Highgate Hill, an eight-apartment boutique development overlooking the Brisbane River.

McNab resets decade-old South Brisbane approval with 124-apartment tower

A steeply sloping Bellevue Hill site is set to accommodate a new mid-rise apartment development, with plans lodged for 20 homes that respond to the site's dramatic topography.

The proposal for the consolidated land at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/138a-140-bellevue-road-bellevue-hill-nsw-2023">138A-140 Bellevue Road</a> has been designed by Sydney architecture practice Common Office, which has used the site’s substantial fall to distribute the building’s scale and unlock 20 apartments without presenting the full height to the street.&nbsp;

“The unique design strategy leverages the site’s substantial topographical fall to facilitate increased density, presenting a seven-storey profile to Bellevue Road while rising to 10 storeys at the rear,” Common Office said in its architectural design report.

The apartment mix spans one, two, three- and four-bedroom residences. Four two-bedroom apartments are designated as affordable housing, while the plans also include two adaptable dwellings. The mix is majority three-beds, with the typical three-bed apartment offering around 144 sqm internally, with balconies of around 15 sqm.

The affordable housing component represents 15 per cent of the residential floor area and allows the project to access additional height and floor space under the NSW Government’s in-fill affordable housing provisions. The site also falls within the inner area of the Low and Mid-Rise Housing Policy because it is within 400 metres walking distance of Double Bay Town Centre.

<img alt="First Look: Plans lodged for topography-led affordable housing project in Bellevue Hill" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b1230d0f-3bfa-4a11-abaf-0928c66ef345" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Bellevue%20da.png?VersionId=dZeMK3P.OutGjN8ycjsxm8uNsj_QFWQv" />

Common Office has arranged the building around a masonry podium and a lighter upper volume, drawing on two recurring elements of Bellevue Hill’s established architecture: sandstone bases and the vertical proportions of local Inter-war Art Deco apartment buildings.

“The proposal is governed by a holistic design language that reconciles the solid horizontal masonry of the neighbourhood’s podiums with the elegant verticality of its Art Deco heritage,” the architect said.

“The building maintains a consistent rhythmic logic utilising deep recesses and a sophisticated material transition to break down the 10-storey scale into a series of articulated, human-scale volumes.”

<img alt="First Look: Plans lodged for topography-led affordable housing project in Bellevue Hill" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0147f503-1af1-4d51-97fb-c2f1cba63a9d" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Bellevue%20bldg.png?VersionId=GoW7q3NlK67OpnePXhk7zvklrlKb72Qc" />

Large-format sandstone tiles will define the lower levels, establishing a robust base that negotiates the change in elevation from Bellevue Road. Above, red-tinted precast concrete frames, recessed balconies, anodised aluminium screens and expanded metal details will create a more vertically expressed façade. Integrated planter beds will introduce greenery across balcony edges and recessed sections of the building.

The elongated northern façade has been divided into three recessed vertical masses to reduce its perceived length. Triangular window elements and metal privacy screens reference the geometry of nearby Art Deco buildings while controlling overlooking toward surrounding homes. The southern elevation will incorporate further privacy screening, landscaped edges and deep balconies to maintain light and ventilation.

<img alt="First Look: Plans lodged for topography-led affordable housing project in Bellevue Hill" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e8679cf1-18bc-4447-8a0f-0052b94ab83c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Bellevue%20da%20rooftop.png?VersionId=5SQqQqRFf76rvE2p1TbxJSweMN70AIbc" />

Private and communal landscaping is distributed throughout the development. A landscaped garden apartment is positioned within the lower portion of the site, while a communal terrace on Level 5 will include a central timber deck, barbecue facilities, resident planting plots and areas for outdoor dining and informal gatherings.

Common Office described the terrace as an elevated sanctuary designed to capture district views and sunlight. Its planting strategy incorporates endemic species associated with the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub, extending the landscape vertically through the building and providing habitat for local flora and fauna.

A second communal outdoor area is proposed at roof level, with built-in seating, paved gathering areas and perimeter planting.

Bellevue Hill is enjoying renewed momentum in the new apartment market, with several boutique developments recently launched and currently under construction. Positive Investment Enterprise is delivering the 16-apartment Kew Palm House on Birriga Road, while Chanine Developments is also under construction at Florian, a 36-apartment project on Banksia Road.

&nbsp;

Bellevue Hill is enjoying renewed momentum in the new apartment market, with several boutique developments recently launched and currently under construction.

First Look: Apartment development pitched for Bellevue Hill, Double Bay fringe

South Brisbane's apartment pipeline continues to build momentum, with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/trk-property-group">TRK Property Group</a> lodging plans for a 161-apartment tower on Montague Road as developers accelerate investment across the Kurilpa Sustainable Growth Precinct.

The proposal for 176–186 Montague Road would replace an existing office building with a 20-storey residential tower designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">COX Architecture</a>, adding to a growing pipeline of high-density projects reshaping one of Brisbane's fastest-evolving inner-city precincts.

The project has been conceived as a "living building", featuring a flowing tower form, extensive vertical landscaping, and generous communal spaces that respond to the evolving Kurilpa Sustainable Growth Precinct.

TRK Property Group Development Director Matt Kan said the project reflected the confidence developers have in South Brisbane's long-term future.

"South Brisbane is entering an incredibly exciting period, and we see Montague Road sitting right at the heart of that evolution," Kan said.

"With the former Visy site directly opposite us and significant investment planned throughout the broader Kurilpa precinct, there is a real sense of momentum around this part of the city and what it will become over the coming years.

"For TRK, this is an opportunity to be part of that next chapter and deliver a project that responds to where the precinct is heading, while contributing to the continued evolution of Brisbane's river edge."

<img alt="First look: TRK Property joins South Brisbane apartment surge with Montague Road tower plans" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="590fe1ad-f892-4446-a679-80e33a16d029" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/TRK%20tower%20facade.png?VersionId=uOJStrcKpyHFcPE1w6_9SMAFzVMCcZll" />

The scheme includes a mix of one, two, three and four-bedroom apartments, incorporating multi-purpose rooms in selected residences to provide additional flexibility for home offices or expanded living areas. The proposed mix comprises 15 one-bedroom, 13 one-bedroom plus MPR, 73 two-bedroom, 26 two-bedroom plus MPR, 30 three-bedroom, and four four-bedroom apartments.

Rather than adopting a conventional rectilinear tower, COX Architecture has developed a sculpted form inspired by the movement of the Brisbane River.

"The proposal has been designed by COX Architecture as a 'living building' that responds to the site's riverine setting, floodplain history and evolving urban context within the Kurilpa Sustainable Growth Precinct," the planning report states.

"The architectural form draws from the fluid nature of the Brisbane River, with a curved and undulating tower form that creates a varied architectural edge and avoids a conventional rectilinear tower expression."

The podium has also been designed as an architectural feature rather than a conventional parking structure, with cascading planting, screening and natural-toned materials softening its appearance. Resident parking is elevated above ground level to address the site's flood constraints, while habitable apartments sit above flood planning levels. Upper-level communal facilities are designed to accommodate shelter-in-place arrangements during major flood events.

<img alt="First look: TRK Property joins South Brisbane apartment surge with Montague Road tower plans" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="01fa15d0-90df-46c7-9555-7941fc45373c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/TRK%20podium.png?VersionId=mHyua.w1pHGBt9qEdWzrlsv.leztUCwO" />

Communal amenity is a major focus of the proposal. Around 1,815 sqm of shared resident space is proposed across the ground floor, level 19 and the rooftop, including co-working areas, indoor and outdoor recreation spaces, wellness facilities, dining and gathering areas, lawn spaces, a rooftop pool and spa, and extensive landscaping. At street level, a landscaped forecourt and approximately 345 sqm of publicly accessible open space along Montague Road are intended to improve the pedestrian experience while activating the building's frontage.

The development will provide 163 car spaces, including 152 resident bays and 11 visitor spaces, together with 144 bicycle spaces incorporating resident storage, visitor parking, bicycle maintenance facilities and e-mobility charging infrastructure.

The site sits within one of Brisbane's fastest-changing inner-city precincts, less than two kilometres from the CBD and within easy reach of South Bank, West End, the Queensland Cultural Centre and extensive public transport connections. The Kurilpa Sustainable Growth Precinct planning framework is encouraging higher-density residential development to help meet Brisbane's housing supply targets while supporting walkable, transit-oriented neighbourhoods.

TRK Property joins South Brisbane apartment surge with Montague Road tower plans

Article summary

<ul data-end="785" data-start="311">
	<li data-end="459" data-section-id="5hbcyr" data-start="311">Pikos Group has released the five-penthouse collection at Skye Kangaroo Point, headlined by a two-storey sky home spanning more than 1,000 sqm.</li>
	<li data-end="561" data-section-id="1p7lq8n" data-start="460">Early buyer interest suggests the residences could set a new Queensland apartment price record.</li>
	<li data-end="667" data-section-id="1y70z0l" data-start="562">The collection includes four move-in ready penthouses and the highly customised Skye One residence.</li>
	<li data-end="785" data-section-id="yvm0y1" data-start="668">The release caps one of Bri​sbane's most ambitious luxury apartment developments overlooking the Brisbane River.</li>
</ul>

<hr data-end="790" data-start="787" />
Pikos Group has released the five-penthouse collection at its <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/skye-residences-by-pikos-kangaroo-point-8-river-terrace-kangaroo-point-qld-4169">Skye by Pikos</a> development in Kangaroo Point, with early buyer interest indicating the flagship residences could eclipse every apartment sale previously recorded in Queensland.

The collection crowns the luxury riverfront development with five residences, including four completed penthouses and Skye One, a two-level sky home spanning more than 1,000 sqm that will be tailored to its eventual owner.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=90059 project_image_fid=374075]

Wanting to offer a fully customisable home, Pikos is offering Skye One as a blank canvas, allowing the buyer to work alongside the developer's design team to customise the home's layout, finishes and internal spaces.

The residence will feature a 247 sqm private rooftop terrace with its own swimming pool, sauna, steam room, outdoor kitchen and multiple entertaining areas overlooking the Brisbane River and CBD skyline.

The remaining four penthouses have been completed and are ready for immediate occupation, each offering four bedrooms, expansive open-plan living areas, soaring ceilings and private lift access.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=90059 project_image_fid=374059]

One of the defining features throughout the project is its use of Roman Classic Travertine, with more than 20,000 sqm of the natural stone imported from Italy after being personally selected by Pikos Group Founder and Executive Director Pedro Pikos, interior designer Julie Williamson and third-generation stone specialist Mario Caucci.

Pikos said the penthouse collection represented the culmination of the company's long-term vision for Skye.

"True legacy isn't measured by what we build today, but by what endures tomorrow," Pikos said.

"Our ambition is to create places that become more valuable with time, enrich the lives of generations, and stand as timeless landmarks long after we've stepped away."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=90059 project_image_fid=374060]

Williamson said the interiors were inspired by the natural character of Kangaroo Point and the Brisbane River rather than international design trends.

"Materiality tells the story of a place," Williamson said.

"We looked to the movement of the Brisbane River, the texture of the cliff face and the warmth of the surrounding landscape to create interiors that feel understated, enduring and unmistakably Brisbane."

Positioned above the Kangaroo Point cliffs, Skye places residents within walking distance of Howard Smith Wharves, South Bank and James Street while offering uninterrupted river and city views.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=90059]

Brisbane's next apartment price record? Pikos unveils Skye's exclusive penthouse collection

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

&nbsp;

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

When buying an apartment, most people compare the big-ticket items first. Floorplans. Kitchens. Balcony size. Natural light. The view.

But there's one everyday consideration that often doesn't come up until after moving in: how parcels are delivered.

As online shopping has become part of everyday life, parcel deliveries have shifted from an occasional event to a regular occurrence. Australians spent a record $82.6 billion shopping online in 2025, with almost one in every four retail dollars now spent digitally.

For apartment residents, that can present a challenge.

If nobody is home to accept a delivery, parcels may be redirected to a nearby Post Office, left in a building lobby or common area, or require building management to step in. In higher-density buildings, where dozens or even hundreds of residents may receive deliveries each day, parcel management has become an increasingly important part of everyday living.

That can create a range of frustrations. A missed delivery often means making time to collect a parcel elsewhere, while packages left unattended in foyers or mail areas can create clutter and increase the risk of theft. What seems like a minor inconvenience can quickly become a recurring issue for residents who shop online regularly.

It's one of those details that rarely features in a display suite but can have a noticeable impact once residents move in.

As a result, buyers are beginning to look beyond traditional apartment features and consider how a building supports day-to-day convenience, including whether there are secure options for receiving deliveries.

Australia Post's Parcel Lockers provide one solution.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CkF2oKmlACg?si=C50sDaoUUn2nuLmq" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

Rather than having a parcel delivered directly to an apartment, eligible deliveries can be sent to a nominated Parcel Locker. Once the parcel arrives, residents receive a notification through the AusPost app or SMS and can collect it using a QR code or one-time PIN at a time that suits them.

The Parcel Locker network now includes more than 1,500 locations nationwide, with installations at Post Offices, shopping centres, transport hubs and an increasing number of residential developments. By providing a secure collection point, Parcel Lockers help reduce missed deliveries and avoid parcels being left unattended in common areas.

For developers, parcel infrastructure is becoming another way to improve the resident experience. Rather than relying on concierge staff or leaving parcels in communal spaces, secure collection points help streamline deliveries while preserving the presentation and functionality of shared areas.

For buyers, it's a reminder that the best apartment features aren't always the most obvious.

A generous floorplan or quality finishes might help narrow the shortlist, but the conveniences that simplify everyday life, whether that's EV charging, secure bike storage or reliable parcel delivery, often become the features residents appreciate most once they're living there.

The apartment feature many buyers don't think about, until their first missed delivery

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Country Garden’s stage two launch of $550 million Ryde Garden, North Ryde on Saturday saw over 250 people viewing the display with 336 apartments up for sale.
In total, 185 of the 336 sold on the day, with an even mix of one, two and three bedrooms selling as well as two penthouses at $1.88 million each.
<a href="https://www.rydegarden.com.au" target="_blank">Ryde Garden</a>'s stage two release saw one bedroom apartments were priced from $498,000, two bedroom apartments from $685,000 and three bedroom apartments from $950,000.
Property Observer is advised that buyers were attracted to the suburb’s growth prospects and proximity to the university and train station.
<img src="/images/2014/11/17/ryde-nov-17-one.jpg" alt="">
At present, the proportion of owner occupiers to investors remains unconfirmed.
The first launch saw a strong result, with <a href="/expert-insights/buying/strong-off-the-plan-sales-at-country-gardens-ryde-garden-project">296 off the plan sales earlier this year - priced very similarly</a> - securing $186 million in sales, with up to 20% being prior Country Garden customers.
The apartments in this release surrounded a 4,000 square metre park landscaped by Aspect Studios.
The development, designed by Bates Smart, sees each apartment include its own balcony with ground floor apartments featuring private courtyard spaces.
Communal facilities include three rooftop terraces, a swimming pool, gym, BBQ area and childcare on site, with shops, restaurants and cafes nearby.
<img src="/images/2014/11/17/ryde-nov-17-two.jpg" alt="">
The uppermost levels, and rooftop terraces, feature views of the Harbour and CBD.
The development is expected to see construction in December, with completion forecast for mid-2017.
Country Garden emerged in June as <a href="/expert-insights/buying/ryde-garden-debut-for-country-garden-australia">one of the companies potentially interested in purchasing Harry Triguboff's Meriton</a>.
<img src="/images/2014/11/17/ryde-nov-17-three.jpg" alt="">
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jduke-EHk3XBmHkn

Ryde Garden stage two sells 55% at Saturday launch

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More than $21 million has reportedly been paid off the plan for a penthouse in the Pacifici Bondi development.
The purchase is in a company name linked to Andrew Roberts, the former chief executive of Multiplex and the son of the late John Roberts, who founded the construction company.
The off the plan penthouse is adjacent to the space that set the previous record in June last year at $21 million.
It was reportedly bought by Will Vicars of Caledonia Investments who bought adjoining penthouses for $10.1 million and $10.9 million and is amalgamating them.
The developers, Allen Linz, of Rebel Property Group, and Eduard Litver, of Capit.el Group, then commissioned this two-storey "lighthouse" covering almost 900 square metres.
The four bedroom apartment, designed by Burley Katon Halliday has 40 metres of Campbell Parade, Bondi Beach frontage.
The Vicars top floor space in<a href="https://www.pacificbondibeach.com.au/Overview/" target="_blank"> the redevelopment of the Swiss Grand Hotel</a> will have a total size of 975 square metres, including a 468 square metre terrace fronting the beach.
The Roberts apartment was set to have a slightly larger internal space which initially came with $25 million to $29 million plus hopes.
The prior Sydney top apartment sale which took place in 2008 for a 12th-floor unit in the Bennelong development at East Circular Quay which fetched $16.8 million when bought by the Moran health care family. It was their third adjoining unit in the complex.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Another $21 million Bondi Beach off the plan penthouse sale

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The Nic Bochsler-designed Highgate Hill, Toorak home of former BHP executive and chairman Brian Loton sold after its weekend RT Edgar auction, where it came with $4 million plus price hopes through agent Michael Ebeling.
<a href="https://www.realestateview.com.au/Real-Estate/3-highgate-hill-toorak/Property-Details-buy-residential-7754670" target="_blank">The three bedroom </a><a href="https://www.realestateview.com.au/Real-Estate/3-highgate-hill-toorak/Property-Details-buy-residential-7754670" target="_blank">cul de sac offering</a> was built in 1992 for Brian Loton and his wife, Joan.
That was around the time he became chairman of Australia's biggest company.
Loton's first three years as CEO of BHP, between 1984 and 1986, saw him repel three takeovers from the late Robert Holmes à Court. He was its chief until 1991, then promoted from deputy chairman to chairman to replace Sir Arvi Parbo in 1992.
In 1991 the Fairfax resources writer Bruce Hextall wrote entering the 1980s, BHP was a large, but undisciplined entity, with a bureaucracy as ingrained as that of the Public Service, but had been able to transform itself into one of the world's great mining houses with a spread of interests that provide it with the ability to make hay even when the sun is not shining.
Its 1991 year profit of $1.05 billion outdid the previous year Australian record of $955 million in 1990.
The auctioneer Warwick Anderson told the auction crowd that the St Kevin's Christian Brothers order had placed single dwelling covenants in the cul de sac enforcing no more than a home per land title on its 1970s subdivision.
The corner of Orrong and St Georges Road had been the location of the school's Glendalough campus until the 1970s having purchased the holding in 1931 for £5,800.
St Kevin's Glendalough relocated to its current Lansell Road site after the 5.7 hectare Clovelly estate became available following the death of the Henry Jones IXL jam king, Achalen Palfreyman. It was bought by St Kevin's for $410,000.
When Palfreyman died in 1967 aged 93, he was believed to have been Australia's wealthiest man with a $6.6 million probate estate. The demolished home had 15 iron verandah columns apparently sent to Kirribilli House, Sydney for restoration of the verandah.
Its stained glass panels - said by Whelan the Wrecker to be the best he had seen in a Melbourne house - were inserted by the Langslow family into 79 St Vincent Place, Albert Park.
The Hillgate Hill vendors had the Nic Bochsler-designed family home replace their existing accommodation.
James Buyer Advocates reported there was a low opening bid of $3.6 million.
The only other was the vendor bid to $4 million.
It was bought after auction.
The neighbouring house had fetched $3,272,000 million in 2012 when the former Hawthorn Football Club president Ian Dicker sold. He had paid $1.02 million in 1987.
The eight-room, three level brick house at 11 Highgate Hill fetched $1.1million at 1994 auction by the ANZ Bank, and the last sale on the cul de sac at $4.25 million in late 2012.
The block had traded in the mid-1970s between $60,000 to $70,000.
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Mining giant Brian Loton sells longtime Toorak home

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Banks borrow short and lend long. So if all of a bank’s depositors suddenly want their money, the bank would be unable to pay them. A bank may have made great loans but it can only unwind these loans slowly over time.
In most situations this doesn’t matter. Banks know their cash flows and play the probabilities, making sure they have a buffer of liquid assets to meet normal withdrawals.
However, a crisis can trigger a run on banks. Every depositor wants to get his or her money out of the bank before everyone else. The bank runs out of cash and closes its doors. It fails.
Bank regulation is at the heart of the current <a href="https://fsi.gov.au" target="_blank">Financial System Inquiry</a> chaired by David Murray. It will consider which regulations are important, which need to be strengthened and how <a href="https://www.bis.org/bcbs/index.htm" target="_blank">international banking rules</a> should apply in Australia.
Our recent <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2478496" target="_blank">research</a> compares some of the different rules that may be used to limit bank risk. We find that increased bank capital requirements are the most effective policy but must be applied across all institutions to stabilise the banking system.
The global financial crisis
The 2008 crisis resulted in plenty of traditional bank runs. In the United Kingdom, retail depositors lined the streets to take their money out of the failing Northern Rock.
We also saw a different type of bank run during this period. For example, a bank run led to the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Yet this didn’t involve retail depositors. It was institutions that stopped lending to Lehman Brothers on the wholesale market.
Australia’s banking system in 2008 was fundamentally sound. Our banks didn’t have abnormal levels of bad loans. Legal differences meant the default issues plaguing bank mortgages in California, Florida and elsewhere in the United States couldn’t occur in Australia.
Yet our banks were still exposed to the crisis through their reliance on imported wholesale funds. The Australian government responded to this risk of an “imported crisis”. In October 2008, it introduced explicit deposit insurance and guaranteed bank wholesale borrowing.
But why did Australia’s sound banking system come under pressure in 2008? Is there potential for Australia to import a banking crisis in the future? And what sort of banking regulations do we need to deal with this possibility?
Importing a banking crisis
Wholesale funds now provide a large part of the total funds available to banks in many countries. This has changed the nature of the risks they face.
<img src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/63663/width668/sd32vc8q-1415143968.png" alt="">
 <a class="source" href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/2013/pdf/rdp2013-15.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">RBA Discussion Paper 2013-15 “Trends in the Funding and Lending Behaviour of Australian Banks“ Chris Stewart, Benn Robertson and Alexandra Heath</a>
Australian banks source much of their wholesale funding offshore. This inflow of capital allows Australia to undertake more investment, generating higher levels of growth and enhanced well-being.
Before the crisis, Australian banks were borrowing internationally an amount equal to 5% of our gross domestic product each year. In 2008, international funds flowing though the banks funded about one-fifth of Australia’s total investment.
The flow of international funds did not stop during the crisis. However, they became more expensive, transmitting the pain felt by European and US institutions to Australia.
Banks were not the only institutions affected by the sudden rise in the cost of foreign funds. Foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, offshore capital raisings by Australian companies, and government borrowings were also impacted.
However, the impact on banks was more significant. Unlike other institutions, banks borrow money for relatively short periods but use the money to lend to companies and individuals for the long term. When they depend on short-term international funds, a sudden rise in the price of those funds exposes banks to higher costs and potential failure. Any failure can also have significant economic and political implications. The failure of one bank can lead to a run and the failure of other banks.
This means governments tend to intervene if bank failure is imminent. For example, Bankwest in 2008 was owned by flailing UK bank HBOS. It was facing failure and, following government intervention, was bought by the Commonwealth Bank.
The government’s move to insure bank deposits and wholesale funding stabilised the banking system during the crisis. Yet these were ad hoc policy responses. Australia still needs to develop long-term policies to deal with the next financial crisis.
Article continues on the next page. Please click below.
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Developing the right regulation
Our recent research compares some of the different rules that are used, or might be used, to try to limit bank risk from offshore funding. This research is unique as we consider the consequences of specific policies at times of crisis and also during usual operations.
A policy may be effective at preventing a crisis but if it means that borrowers pay more and depositors receive less most of the time, then the protection provided by the policy may be overwhelmed by the day-to-day cost to the Australian public.
We take it as given that ordinary retail depositors will have some form of implicit or explicit government protection, so our focus is on the risk of bank default on bondholders. A bank fails if an increase in the cost of wholesale funds cuts its cash flows so that it cannot meet its debt obligations.
Regulators can do many things to limit banks’ exposure to imported wholesale funds and maybe make them less exposed to importing a banking crisis.
Regulations may require that banks use limited or no imported wholesale funds at all. Banks would have to be fully funded by domestic savings. Some countries like China have policies like this.
This policy is unlikely to work in Australia because it would significantly limit investment during normal operations. There would be no risk of importing a crisis but there would also be less domestic investment as borrowers would face higher interest rates. India has adopted this type of policy for many years and it has adversely impacted growth.
Depositors may gain from being a source of scarce investment funds but there would also be other costs. The banking sector would contract due to the restriction on fund access resulting in less competition.
Another policy that would reduce the likelihood of importing a financial crisis is for the government to have an explicit or implicit policy of bailing out bondholders. This occurred in the UK and US during 2008.
This policy has undesirable implications. If banks know that taxpayers effectively insure their bondholders, they will reduce the amount of equity issued and increase their amount of bonds. This would result in an increase in new entrants to the market based on excessively risky funding models.
Having a larger number of banks adopting a fragile funding model increases the likelihood of bank failures. If banks know they will be bailed out if they fail, then banks are more likely to fail. A bail-out policy actually increases the likelihood of future crises.
The most effective policy for dealing with wholesale funding risk is to increase the amount of capital banks are required to hold. While regulators have asked banks to hold more equity capital as insurance against lending risks, this policy can also reduce funding risks.
If a wholesale funding squeeze means that a bank cannot pay its bondholders, then the bank fails. If the squeeze simply reduces the dividend to shareholders, then the bank continues to operate. So requiring banks to hold more capital and less debt directly reduces the risk of failure.
While our research suggests that uniform minimum capital requirements can stabilise our banking system, it has been suggested these requirements only apply to “big” banks. Such an asymmetric policy would be undesirable. If there are weak funding restrictions on small banks, this will encourage the entry of a greater number of smaller and potentially more fragile banks. The result is an increased risk of future crises.
An asymmetric policy of increasing the capital requirements on large banks but not on small banks could have a stabilising effect if the government resolved never to bail out the small banks. Small banks could enter and leave the industry as funding conditions allowed and act as a shock-absorber to the system.
Politically, however, this is unlikely to work. Bankwest was not allowed to fail but was folded into the Commonwealth Bank. Even a small credit union like the Fitzroy and Carlton Community Credit Co-operative was <a href="https://www.bankmecu.com.au/why-bank-with-us/news-media/media/bankmecu-and-fitzroy-carlton-community-credit-co-operative" target="_blank">folded into a larger bank</a> last year rather than being allowed to fail.
Any new regulations to deal with the possibility of a future crisis must also deal with political reality. Minimum capital requirements on all banks can stabilise the banking system. However, a policy that just targets the big banks is unlikely to succeed.
Rodney Maddock is Vice Chancellor's fellow at Victoria University and adjunct professor of economics at <a href="https://www.monash.edu.au/" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Monash University</a>.
Stephen King is professor, Department of Economics at <a href="https://www.monash.edu.au/" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Monash University</a>.
Stephen King and Rodney Maddock received funding from CIFR for this project.
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.
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po-LsXgBTHBmX

Don’t just target the big banks: Why all banks need higher capital

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GUEST OBSERVATION
You should always begin with the end in mind, in other words your desired outcome.
Once your journey begins, it’s easy to get distracted and stray from your path of systematic investment. Talk to your accountant about your initial setup and holding structure, as this will have an impact on the timing of your exit strategy.
Here are the four main exit strategies property investors:
<img src="/images/2014/07/04/yellow-one.jpg" alt="" style="float: left;"> Sell to pay off your debt
There are some pros and cons to this strategy. Many people feel the need to be debt free and their only financial goal is to pay off the family home.
From time to time you will hear people toss around the saying ‘work smarter, not harder’. But the majority of people don’t do this. Instead, they work hard to pay off the family home with income they earn from a job. And that is a big waste of time.
I realise most people have been conditioned to think this way by their parents and society as a whole. But that doesn’t make it a viable strategy. I’ll give you an example that shows why paying off the family home over 25 or 30 years with earned income is a bad strategy.
Let’s say you only ever buy three properties in your life.
Two well-chosen investment properties bought at $500,000 each and the family home also bought for $500,000.
<ul>
<li>Investment property value - $1,000,000</li>
<li>Family home value - $500,000</li>
<li>Total property value $1,500,000</li>
</ul>
For simplicity’s sake we’ll assume the total loan amount is also $1,500,000.
Remember tax breaks and rental income will help you fund most of the loan repayments.
As we know, well-chosen property will double in value about every seven to 10 years. That being the case, all you need to do to become debt free is to hold the investment properties through one full growth cycle and then sell them.
This means your two investment properties will increase in value from $1,000,000 to $2,000,000. If you were to sell the two investment properties at this point for $2,000,000 you would incur capital gains tax of 25% on the profit from the sales (25% rather than 50% as these properties will have been held for a period longer than 12 months). The remaining amount available to reduce debt after tax will be $1,750,000.
You can now pay back the $1,500,000 debt on the investment properties and your own home, leaving you with $250,000 to play with. I’m sure you’ll think of something to do with the extra money.
This is a simple example of what you can do, though it’s not the strategy I recommend.
Remember, if the rent is covering the repayments on your portfolio, then what you have is good debt. It’s worth examining whether your desire to reduce debt is due to societies deep-seated belief that all debt is bad.
<img src="/images/2014/07/04/yellow-two.jpg" alt="" style="float: left;"> Move one of your loans to principal and interest
Or keep it as interest only but start paying off the principal from your excess cash flow.
Once you pay the debt on this property, focus your increased cash flow on your remaining total debt.
Your interest repayments have been reduced because you’ve already paid off one house. This means you can pay off your next house in an even shorter timeframe.
This is called the domino effect.
As each loan or house is paid off, cash flow improves and subsequent loans are paid off at a faster rate until you are debt free. This is a reasonable strategy to use while you are still working and it means you can have a stress-free retirement with a solid income. To truly become debt free or to fast track your wealth building, you may need to use the selling exit strategy in conjunction with the domino effect.
Article continues on the next page. Please click below.
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Neither of the above two strategies are my preferred options however. My choice is to:
<img src="/images/2014/07/04/yellow-three.jpg" alt="" style="float: left;">Make interest-only payments and live off the equity gains and increases in rental yield
This is relatively simple process. Once I’d achieved an increase in my portfolios value, I had my portfolio revalued. I then created a line of credit with the banks. This now allows me to use these funds to live off. This is an ideal situation, as long as your portfolio grows in value faster than your living expenses.
Most people want to know how they can eventually own their properties outright. But ask yourself this. If your portfolio is supporting your loan repayments and providing you with an adequate income, why do you need to pay them all off?
You could simply have your portfolio at a positive or neutral cash flow position and leave it to increase in value. Meanwhile you live off the equity gains. If the value of your portfolio increases on average at a faster rate than your yearly expenses, this may be a satisfactory strategy for you.
<img src="/images/2014/07/04/yellow-four.jpg" alt="" style="float: left;">Hand it over to your kids...
If they are smart enough to handle it. You can use this strategy in conjunction with the others I’ve mentioned. Simply transfer control of a portfolio that’s held in trust by appointing a new company director. The actual asset never changes hands so no tax is incurred. You are simply signing across control of the asset’s holding entity.
As with any exit strategy, the right ownership structure is very important.
Remember, your portfolio will be equity rich and positive in cash flow by the time you make an exit. An exit strategy is all about minimising tax and maximising returns.
Tips
<ul>
<li>Always begin with the end in mind.</li>
<li>Sell to pay off your debt.</li>
<li>The domino effect.</li>
<li>Live off the equity gains and rental yield.</li>
<li>Give your portfolio away.</li>
</ul>
About the author:
Cam McLellan is a successful property investor, author, blogger and the CEO of <a href="https://openwealthcreation.com.au/" target="_blank">Open Wealth Creation</a>.
Cam and his team at Open Wealth Creation provide end to end property investment services from education and inspiration, investment property selection, finance and loan structuring, risk assessment, settlement and portfolio management.
In addition to amassing a commercial and residential property portfolio, Cameron has built a group of companies listed five times in the BRW fast growth lists.
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cmclellan-94LEvYTinN

The four top exit strategies for property investors

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"Housing market conditions remain slanted toward Sydney and Melbourne in October with values in these two cities rising by 1.3% and 1.9% respectively over the month. 
"Brisbane was the only other capital city to record a capital gain over the month, rising by 0.6%."
{qtube vid:=vQauqDbq5lA}
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tlawless-5VLUrbAk9s

Video: RP Data's Australian housing market recap

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The ABS released its <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6291.0.55.001Main+Features1Oct%202014?OpenDocument" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Detailed Labour Force</a> data last Friday and it revealed a concerning and widening disparity between the prosperity of capital city Australia and our struggling regional centres. 
There's a bit of analysis to rip through here, so let's dive straight in and take a look in three short parts, commencing with...
Part 1 - Capital Cities are Dominating Employment Growth
In the two largest states, aggregate employment growth is now being driven entirely by the capital cities, although even therein the trend has softened. Note that regional New South Wales has barely added any employment at all in aggregate (on a net basis) for more than six and a half years. Regional Victoria has fared little better with total employment lower today than it was in January 2011.
Moreover, the trend in the regional employment has now clearly been down over the past couple of years.
<img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t7muucmvYVU/VGSM2K8AEDI/AAAAAAAARMs/HH1PjiQctoo/s640/CITY1.jpg">
There has only been one shining light in terms of regional jobs growth over the past half decade, that being regional Queensland.
Alas with the mining construction boom now unwinding total employment is now declining in regional Queensland too. The coal industry in particular <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/pain-ahead-for-coal-mining-regions" target="_blank">looks vulnerable</a>.
The size of the total workforce in South Australia has been shrinking, with regional employment falling significantly over the past five years and total employment in Adelaide now some 20,000 lower than it was around 18 months ago, with the fallout from the decline of the automobile manufacture industry probably yet to be felt in full. 
Not a pretty picture for SA.
<img src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9WGp3259SWI/VGSM3UapvoI/AAAAAAAARM4/kobxSzJCDtE/s640/CITY2.jpg">
Employment Over the Long Run
Now sure, property "advisors" are virtually all vested interests of one sort or another, and of course anyone can torture the figures until they confess.
One of the latest favourites has been the "strongest property market performer of the month!" proclamation, which is appallingly misleading.
But through presenting the full data sets across a range of timelines as we shall now undertake below leaves far less wriggle room for blatantly making nonsense up.
Indeed this is a perennial problem in the real estate commentary space - as if by a force of nature few advisors will ever highlight risks facing regions they own property in themselves, which is understandable enough, but not very helpful for would-be investors.
Personally I own property in regional Victoria (and regional Britain) but I'm hardly going to recommend that it's likely a great idea right now from a macro perspective given what the graphic below tells us. Any credibility I have would quite rightly be shot to pieces!
Logically, from my perspective, property investment is likely to entail significantly more risk where employment is falling or flailing, so to my mind there is a good deal of more elevated risk facing parts of Adelaide and Canberra, as well regional New South Wales, regional Victoria, regional Queensland, regional South Australia and regional Tasmania.
Why? Because employment is falling.
<img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0-9LeUbBcJ0/VGSM3ap3yTI/AAAAAAAARM0/nWVhzUWfxUI/s640/CITY3.jpg">
It should - but probably doesn't - go without saying that we also continue to believe there to a very high level of risk associated with mining and resources towns and regions in the current climate, and indeed, going forward as the mining construction boom implodes.
There is always some risk involved in buying property, that's a given. Our recommendation is that if you're going to do it, minimise the risks to the extent that this is possible through detailed research at both the macro and the micro level.
This article continues on the next page . Please click below. 
<hr class="system-pagebreak">
Part 2 - Unemployment Elevated and Rising in Regional Australia
As noted here previously, headline unemployment figures as reported by the ABS can be a relatively crude and volatile measure, failing to adequately capture discouraged workers or the underemployed, for example.
Nevertheless, it is worth a look at what is happening around the states, and the general picture is that unemployment is rising sharply in the regions. 
Sydney remains well placed with a headline unemployment rate of only 5.1% and a huge volume of dwelling and infrastructure construction in the pipeline, yet in regional New South Wales the unemployment rate trend has been up to now sit above 7%, which is much too high for comfort.
<img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PVbFLpPOLsA/VGSM5opf7qI/AAAAAAAARNU/tQn58uxZ65A/s640/UE1.jpg">
Below we have presented the three month moving average figures for Victoria, but we note that this month's ABS data is now beginning to record a sizeable disparity here too, with Melbourne's 6.3% unemployment rate now substantially lower than regional Victoria at 7.2%.
<img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8EdOMF2vFXg/VGSM57ZzaBI/AAAAAAAARNY/bkAeKyDCprI/s640/UE2.jpg">
The most concerning of all states, perhaps, is Queensland. While this is not yet fully reflected in the three month moving average figures, Brisbane's unemployment rate of 6.3% has diverged dramatically from regional unemployment which has leapt alarmingly to 7.7%. 
We have warned about parts of regional Queensland here repeatedly, particularly potential job losses in the coal mining sector.
<img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hb7dG0tyP94/VGSM6W_bB4I/AAAAAAAARNg/2LUzTbuoiCw/s640/UE3.jpg">
With our chart pack on demographic statistics revealing a debilitating "brain drain" from South Australia in the form of net interstate migration, and the total size of the workforce having shrunk, it is perhaps unrealistic to expect elevated unemployment rates in the state's regions.
In fact the unemployment rate in regional South Australia has all but evaporated into thin air over the past month or two, but this is clearly not due to employment growth since there were more folk employed in regional South Australia way back in 2007 than there are today.
Adelaide's unemployment rate is too high for comfort at 6.9%.
<img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AIu_CkHVulk/VGSM7Dv8pxI/AAAAAAAARN0/3uO--Rc0QHA/s640/UE4.jpg">
Perth and WA still have the lowest headline unemployment rates respectively, although the trend in Perth has been steadily up since 2009 when the Western Australian capital city was effectively close to full employment.
<img src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J906OHJ9T94/VGSM7Xs_5-I/AAAAAAAARNs/dhptShf1gaw/s640/UE5.jpg">
Finally the unemployment rate appears to have fallen in Hobart which is wonderful to see, but regional Tasmania has even managed to record a double digit unemployment rate reading in the past two months, which is less heartening.
<img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vY75mbXEkoY/VGSM7_Cf1TI/AAAAAAAARNw/uM_Lfx13d3U/s640/UE6.jpg">
Part 3 - The Casualisation of the Workforce
I think we are about done for today, but let's just acknowledge here the likely gradual casualisation of the workforce which must be a key consideration for property investors, particularly in the regional Australia where full-time employment in aggregate appears to be in an entrenched decline.
<img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nZ3BbpdoK-4/VGSM3y5_ieI/AAAAAAAARM8/wv4vlYYnme0/s640/FT1.jpg">
<img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tIM-PF6i-j4/VGSM41n1KyI/AAAAAAAARNI/-a1dGzz7Bp4/s640/FT2.jpg">
The Wrap
We've covered a lot of ground in a short space here, but the macro picture is that unemployment rates are trending up worryingly in regional Australia with jobs growth overwhelmingly focused in only the four largest capital cities.
You can visit <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) or Pete's <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blog</a>.
His latest book is '<a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>' .
 
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

Employment gap between capital cities and regions becoming a gulf

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Nothing should ever be set in stone.

In the context of Australia's three levels of government, planning or more to the point, the Planning Minister has no direct Federal level equivalent. It's a powerful role in a state context which is (not presently) threatened with being overridden by a Canberra-based superior and therefore I'd argue the role of the Planning Minister is the most powerful state ministerial position after the role of Premier.

Regardless of the context in which the original 25,000 square metre threshold and more broadly the Capital City Zone was conceived, central Melbourne has clearly changed and the city has affirmed its global reputation as a destination for foreign capital.

Like all strategies, checks and balances on power and government are required, therefore there's always scope for review.

My instinct tells me there's room for more regulation and included in that could be the review of the 25,000 square metre threshold which triggers when the Planning Minister becomes the responsible authority for planning applications in the Capital City Zone. My instincts also tell me lower levels of government need oversight from tiers above.

Much of the palava you read about in other media outlets focuses almost exclusively on the City of Melbourne, with the same media outlets paying very little attention to what's happening outside the central core (and they ignore it at their own peril). Each week as I'm preparing our <a href="/news">weekly digest</a> I make a point of utilising projects located outside the central core for the Spotlight section.

20+ volumes later I'd hope our 1100+ newsletter subscribers have as clearer picture as the editors and database maintainers do with regard to what's really going on in Melbourne. All of Melbourne.

If you listen to a range of planning academics and practitioners you will find no-one holds the same <a href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Weltanschauung">weltanschauung</a>. Skyscrapers or 'European' density are best for Central Melbourne? The answer will generally be: both and everything in between as long as it is designed well.

As the City of Melbourne is the local government area where sharp focus would return should any major changes to the threshold rule be altered (or abolished), it's prudent to look at what they have done, and what they say about proposals which get sent to the Planning Minister.

In late October the Planning Minister released departmental officer reports on planning applications the Minister and DTPLI had reviewed. In the associated <a href="/news/planning-minister-releases-departmental-officer-reports">press release</a>, the Minister stated that City of Melbourne had supported 46 out of the 70 (65%) planning applications which the Minister was responsible for.

Likewise back in early August at IMPA's 'City in Crisis?' forum, the City of Melbourne panelist declared the City of Melbourne generally supports towers, just well-designed towers.

<blockquote>
We get really obsessed with height - we can have great towers and bad towers, we need to shift the discussion more toward the quality of development.
<cite>Leanne Hodyl, <a href="/news/public-forum-city-in-crisis">IMPA's 'City in Crisis?' forum</a></cite>
</blockquote>

Granted past performance and context does not necessarily provide an accurate forecast of future prospects, but I don't think anyone can legitimately argue central Melbourne development would dry up significantly should there be any major changes, with or without a change of government. In fact, is abolishing the threshold a major change given that the powers that be in Council House 2 have supported so many large proposals?

Even if the threshold was doubled to 50,000 square metres, there'd still be a lot of proposals hitting the Planning Minister's desk.

I say yes to a review and yes to tweaks - such as doubling the threshold or abolishing it thus handing full power back to the lower level of government - because I'm not convinced City of Melbourne would make drastic changes which would shut off development entirely as, thankfully, the council is not dominated by any single political worldview.

Lead image courtesy Pixabay.

You can read co-editor Mark Baljak's <a href="/expert-insights/buying/state-ministers-and-the-25-000sqm-threshold-is-it-time-for-a-review">view on the same topic</a>.
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Alastair Taylor

25,000sqm threshold: yes it is time to review it

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Governor-General Sir Peter Cosgrove and his wife, Lady Cosgrove, failed to sell their Neutral Bay home amid today's saturated weekend auction offering.
It has now been listed for private treaty sale after the $2.1 million vendor bid, pulled from auction without any buyer bidding.
There was a 74% overall Sydney clearance rate today, which mirrored last weekend's revised lower 74% clearance rate.
With around 1170 offerings, the Melbourne result was 72% today matching last weekend's revised 72% success rate.
Sydney's house auction median was $1.1 million and it was $810,000 in Melbourne.
The top sale around the nation was in Elwood where $6.55 million was paid for 6 Dickens Street, the 1890s property,Trefusis, which was sold by interests associated with DFO founder and former chief executive Geoff Porz. It cost $3.5 million in 2009 before its renovation. Agent Abercromby's were saying $5 million plus.
Sydney's top reported sale was 20 Agnes Street, Strathfield at $3.45 million.
The Cosgrove listing following the couple's recent move to their official, vice-regal residences, nearby Admiralty House in Kirribilli and Government House in Canberra.
McGrath Estate Agents had expected $2.1 million plus for the <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.mcgrath.com.au/buy/house-neutral-bay-nsw-2089/240264" target="_blank">three-storey Spruson Street semi</a>.
They paid $1.95 million in 2007, two years after Sir Peter ended his term as the Defence Force chief.
They were in Brisbane at the time of the auction having greeted the US President Barack Obama on his arrival to the G20.
It was among the 882 listings across Sydney today, of which 106 were on the lower north shore.
The total number of Melbourne auctions held so far this year is 17 per cent higher than the same time last year, with 32,874 auctions held in the year to date, according to the REIV CEO Enzo Raimondo.
<div>
*An earlier report suggested the Neutral Bay property had been pulled from auction altogether.
</div>
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Governor-General Peter Cosgrove leads the retreat with unsold offering amid saturated auction weekends

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Those getting involved in property development, whether for the first time or not, must be aware of the common trip-ups many come across.
Developing can be a hugely profitable venture, but for those who don’t know their roof tiles from their floor tiles, it can be tricky.
<a href="https://verveprojects.com/" target="_blank">Verve Projects</a> has shared five tips that they’ve learned about common traps and what you can do to avoid them.
<ol>
<li>
Never forget that time is money  Although there may be a complex issue that’s demanding all your attention, it’s important to keep all your other balls in the air at the same time. Otherwise, if one drops, it could start a chain of events (and costly delays) that may affect your bottom line. 
</li>
<li>
Always surround yourself with the best team of consultants and contractors  While it may be tempting to go with a cheaper option, there’s every chance a low-quality provider won’t be able to deliver the best outcome, meaning you may need to put out spot fires later on. It’s always important to consider quality versus cost the first time around so you can budget accordingly and avoid costly hiccups. 
</li>
<li>
Do your homework  Thorough due diligence is vital towards delivering a successful project. A development site may look viable on paper but if an unbudgeted issue goes undetected through the acquisition or tendering process – such as contamination or environmental complexities – it can blow a sizeable hole in your cashflow, erode profitability and leave you scrambling to secure extra funding at the project’s front end. 
</li>
<li>
Always consider all the options  Never assume there is only ever one solution for a development issue. That said, once the preferred development solution is identified and agreed on – lock it in and focus on delivering your goal. Nothing erodes profitability and delays development timeframes like indecision. 
</li>
<li>
Always confirm your communication objectives and reporting requirements upfront  Communication is essential towards the smooth delivery of any project. Always ensure open lines of communication, agree on expectations upfront and lock in regular meeting arrangements to ensure the swift turn-around of decisions and approvals, otherwise, refer back to point number one!</li>
</ol>
Source: Verve Projects.
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