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EXPERT OBSERVER 
This month’s small gain follows a 5.2% fall through August and September. During that period the boost from the tax cuts announced in the May budget had faded while the leadership change; mortgage rate increases; declining house prices and rising petrol prices were weighing on confidence.
It is encouraging that these negatives seem to have, at least for the time being, run their course. Several positives have likely helped stabilise the Index, including strong economic growth, a solid labour market and ongoing recoveries in the previously weak mining states.
The net effect has seen the headline index holding slightly above the 100 line indicating that optimists are just outnumbering pessimists. The slight ascendency of optimists has been the case for 11 consecutive months since December 2017. That contrasts with the previous 12 months between December 2016 and November 2017 when the Index registered below 100 for 11 of those 12 months.
Concerns around interest rates and house prices are still apparent. The sub-group detail showed sentiment amongst households with a mortgage continued to weaken in October, dipping a further 0.8% to be down 6.4% over the last two months. Interestingly, the breakdown by voter group suggests some of the negative sentiment impact from the change in Prime Minister in late August may have reversed with confidence amongst those identifying as Coalition voters recovering about two thirds of the 6.4% drop recorded in September.
Most index components recorded small gains in October. Assessments of family finances showed the most promising revival. The ‘finances vs a year ago’ sub-index rose 2.6% to be comfortably above levels this time last year, albeit still a couple of percentage points below the highs seen earlier this year. The forward view is less convincing. The ‘finances, next 12 months’ sub-index only edged up 0.6% and is 4.1% below its high following the announcement of the tax cuts in the Budget in May.
Consumer expectations for the economy also showed mixed moves. The ‘economic outlook, next 12 months’ sub-index posted a solid 2.3% rally but longer term expectations continued to soften. The ‘economic outlook, next 5years’ sub-index is now down 9.1% from the five year high recorded back in July.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/10/10/consumer%20sentiment%201.jpg" alt="">
Spending-related sentiment showed little change on the relatively downbeat tone in recent months. The ‘time to buy a major household item’ sub-index inched 0.1% higher but is still around the lowest levels seen since November last year.
Labour market expectations, which were a notable bright spot in the weak September survey, softened a touch in October. The Westpac Melbourne Institute Unemployment Expectations Index lifted 1.7% (recall that higher reads mean more consumers expect unemployment to rise in the year ahead). Despite this, the index still shows a clear improvement from the softer reads through June-July-August with a solid 5% improvement on a year ago. Most of this is coming from a more balanced performance across the major states, with a particularly dramatic turnaround in labour market expectations in Western Australia.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/10/10/consumer%20sentiment%202.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/10/10/consumer%20sentiment%202.jpg" alt="">
Consumer views around housing continue to deteriorate. The ‘time to buy a dwelling’ index slipped a further 0.9% following September’s 4.8% fall, unwinding all of the 5.5% gain in August. Despite the weakening, buyer sentiment is still well above the lows seen through mid-2017.
Consumer expectations for house prices posted another sharp fall in October. The Westpac Melbourne Institute Index of House Price Expectations dropped 7.4% to 101.4, taking the index below its 2015 low point to the weakest level since the first month the survey question was run, in May 2009. The state detail showed a particularly sharp 20.3% drop in Victoria, suggesting the price correction in Melbourne, which has been slower to come through than in Sydney, is starting to bite.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac
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Consumer sentiment stabilises: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The Reserve Bank Board decided to leave the cash rate at 1.50%.
The cash rate has now been on hold since August 2016.
Of course, we were not expecting any change today, but are always interested in the Governor’s Statement.
There were two issues that we thought might change in this Statement, particularly if the Governor had decided to be more upbeat in his commentary.
The first one was whether he would continue to describe the outlook for household consumption as “a continuing source of uncertainty”. This description was used in the September Statement but was dropped from the Minutes of that meeting. However, the comment has been repeated in today’s Statement. Secondly, we remain perplexed as to why the Bank can be optimistic about a lift in wages growth when it is only forecasting that the unemployment rate will fall from the current 5.3% to 5.0% by mid-2020. It was possible that, particularly following the upbeat employment report for August, the Governor may choose to indicate a lower target for the unemployment rate than the 5.0% that has been used in recent Statements. This was not the case and the 5.0% forecast has been retained. Of course, it remains a possibility that this forecast will be lowered in November with the release of the next Statement on Monetary Policy.
In terms of the actual changes in the Statement, we find two areas of interest.
Firstly, the inflation forecast for 2018 has been qualified. In September, a specific 1 ¾ per cent was nominated, whereas in today’s Statement, it is described as “one-off declines in some administered prices in the September quarter are expected to result in inflation in 2018 being a little lower than otherwise”. That probably refers to the recent lift in petrol prices which will affect the December quarter, adding upside risk to the forecast for headline inflation. No doubt, higher oil prices have been considered given the commentary around global inflation.
The second area where we have seen change has been around interest rates and credit. In September, following the out-of-cycle rate rise by one major bank, the Statement noted that the average mortgage rate paid is lower than a year ago. That strong comment is no longer used and it is merely pointed out that while lenders have increased their standard variable mortgage rates by small amounts, they have been reducing mortgage rates for some new loans.
Commentary around credit growth has changed. Whereas in September, housing credit growth was noted as declining, in this Statement, the Governor prefers to point out that “growth in credit extended to owner-occupiers remains robust”. Whilst at an annual rate of 7.4%, this is certainly true, the profile is slowing when we consider that the value of new lending to owner-occupiers (ex re-financing) is now down 5% for the year. Certainly, the new lending statistics support the second point “demand by investors has slowed noticeably”, with our estimate of the value of new lending to investors being a 27% fall (ex re-financing) for the year.
Secondly, in September, the Governor referred to “lending standards are also tighter than they were a few years ago”. This has been replaced with “credit conditions are tighter than they have been for some time”. Arguably, that is a stronger assessment of current credit conditions.
Conclusion
The final paragraph in the Governor’s Statement is identical to the Statement in September, emphasising that progress in reducing unemployment and returning inflation to the target is likely to be gradual.
While markets appear to be pricing in around a 40% probability of a rate hike by end 2019, we remain comfortable with our forecast that rates will remain on hold through 2019 and 2020.
BILL EVANS is chief economist of <a href="https://www.westpac.com.au/" target="_blank">Westpac</a>. 
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No surprises in RBA Governor statement: Westpac's Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
Following the strong GDP Report Westpac has lifted its growth forecasts for 2018 and also revised slightly its forecasts for 2019 and 2020.
However, the key themes that growth will slow in 2019 and remain below the 2018 pace in 2020 are intact.
The June quarter GDP report was released this week. Due to upward revisions of around 0.5 percentage points, the Australian economy was revealed to be much stronger than we had been led to believe.
Real GDP expanded by a solid 0.9% in the June quarter and annual growth printed 3.4% – well above potential of around 2.75%. Markets were expecting annual growth of around 2.8% with most of the lift being attributed to revisions of earlier quarters.
These accounts have prompted a review of our growth outlook.
We have lifted our growth forecast for 2018 from 2.7% to 3.3%.
The growth forecast for 2019 has been lifted from 2.5% to 2.7% and the 2020 forecast has increased from 2.8% to 3.0%.
While the levels of the growth forecasts have been lifted, the profile of an economy that will slow into 2019 and lift modestly in 2020 remains.
Furthermore, these growth rates (following 2.4% in 2017) are insufficient to make any meaningful impact on the spare capacity in the economy and therefore our inflation and wages forecasts remain essentially unchanged.]
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac
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Westpac still expects a growth slowdown in 2019 despite recent strong GDP report: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
As expected, the Board of the Reserve Bank decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 1.50%. There were very few changes in the Governor’s statement from the statement on August 7.
The Governor confirmed the central growth forecast for GDP growth to average “a bit above 3 per cent” in 2018 and 2019. Positive business conditions were noted but once again, “one continuing source of uncertainty is the outlook for household consumption”.
The rhetoric around the labour market was a little more upbeat. The unemployment rate at 5.3% was described as “the lowest level in almost six years”. Reports of skill shortages were noted and while wages growth was described as quite low, “it has picked up a little recently”. However despite that more positive assessment, the forecast for the unemployment rate remains unchanged to settle at 5 per cent “over the next couple of years”.
Since the last Board meeting, the Australian dollar had fallen from around USD 74.40 to USD 71.90. Furthermore, the Trade Weighted Index (TWI) had fallen from 63.5 to 61.8 (down 2.6%). This unusually large move prompted extra commentary on the AUD. It is still described as remaining within the two year range, but “it has depreciated against the USD along with most other currencies”. The move against the USD is around 3.3% compared to 2.6% for the TWI. It is a little surprising that the commentary seems to attribute all the weakness in the AUD to USD strength.
Since the August Board meeting, Westpac has increased its standard variable mortgage rate by fourteen basis points. It is interesting that the Governor continues to describe rates as “some lenders have increased mortgage rates by small amounts”.
The commentary around the housing market is unchanged with Sydney and Melbourne markets continuing to ease and housing credit growth declining to an annual rate of 5 ½ per cent.
The closing paragraph in the Governor’s statement is unchanged with the key commentary “further progress in reducing unemployment and having inflation return to target is expected, although this progress is likely to be gradual”.
Conclusion
Since the last Board meeting, Westpac extended its public forecasts to 2020. We expect the RBA to keep the cash rate on hold over the extended period. It is our view that the global economy, where growth appears to have peaked in 2017, will be slowing through 2020, particularly as the US economy slows under the weight of  further rate increases from the Federal Reserve and a curtailment of the fiscal stimulus..
The normal RBA policy of raising the cash rate at a time of strong global growth has been replaced in this cycle with other ways to tighten financial conditions. These have included macroprudential policies around banks’ mortgage books, and the rise in wholesale funding costs which has impacted the borrowing costs of banks, corporates, and in some cases, households.
BILL EVANS is chief economist of <a href="https://www.westpac.com.au/" target="_blank">Westpac</a>. 
 
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Reserve Bank Board a little more upbeat on the labour market: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The Wespac Leading Index has posted a solid rebound from last month’s below trend.
Despite this, the Leading Index growth rate has still slowed materially since the start of the year, from +1.31% in February to +0.55% in July.
Over the course of the last six months the Leading Index has only dipped below zero on the one occasion which was last month. That is sending a more positive signal around the growth outlook than we are expecting at Westpac. We are expecting growth over the remainder of 2018 and into 2019 to hold slightly below trend particularly in light of an uncertain outlook for the consumer. Falling property prices; amid a slowdown in jobs growth; fading jobs confidence and high household debt are likely to create headwinds for growth.
Three components account for the bulk of the slowdown in the Leading Index growth rate over the last six months: a turnaround in the Westpac-MI Unemployment Expectations Index (–0.35ppts); reduced support from commodity price gains (–0.28ppts); and a narrowing yield spread that mainly reflects rising short term interest rates (–0.27ppts).
These drags have been partially offset by some lift in aggregate monthly hours worked (+0.22ppts); and dwelling approvals (+0.08ppts) although the momentum in both of these components remains patchy month to month. While the remaining components have seen little change since February, US industrial production has continued to provide steady support.
The Reserve Bank Board next meets on September 4. Earlier in the month the Bank released its latest Statement on Monetary Policy which provided an update of its forecasts. Of most interest was a downward revision to the Bank’s inflation forecast for 2018 from 2.25% to 1.75%. If correct that would mark five consecutive calendar years when headline inflation has printed below the bottom of the Bank’s 2–3% target band.
The Reserve Bank still expects inflation to lift to 2.25% by 2020 and anticipates that the next move in the cash rate will be up. An obvious headwind to the Bank’s plan to move inflation back into the target zone is the impact that five years of underperformance in inflation will have on households’ and firms’ expectations.
The reason why the Bank is reluctant to lower its 2–3% target range is because such a move may have a further dampening impact on inflationary expectations.
Westpac is sceptical that the Bank will be successful in lifting inflation particularly under the weight of low inflationary expectations.
In fact, yesterday Westpac extended its forecasts to now expect the bank to remain on hold in 2020. This complements its existing forecast which has the bank on hold in 2018 and 2019.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac.
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Falling property prices to create headwinds for growth: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
However the minutes of the Monetary Policy Meeting of the Reserve Bank Board contain increased confidence for the consumer outlook.
The themes we have seen in previous minutes around a continuing global economic expansion tempered by some policy induced slowdown in the Chinese economy remain. As before, the issue around international trade is highlighted as a source of uncertainty for the global outlook. The forecasts for the Australian economy which were set out in the recent August Statement on Monetary Policy are described as largely unchanged.
Of most interest in the commentary around the economy relates to a more confident assessment of the risks around the consumer. “Recent data on wages growth and expectations of a further tightening in labour market conditions had provided more comfort that household income growth would continue to increase gradually and support the outlook for consumption”. In previous minutes, the outlook for household spending was described as a source of uncertainty. In these minutes, the Board points out that “the more recent increase in minimum wages, the announcement of future tax cuts, and expectations of a further tightening in labour market conditions had reduced some of the uncertainty around the outlook for consumption.”
Commentary around the housing market is unchanged with Sydney and Melbourne house prices having “declined further in July and across a broad range of properties”. No real outlook is provided, although the Board continues to point out that “some further tightening of lending standards by banks was possible”.
The investment outlook remained positive, although non-mining business investment was expected to grow at a more moderate pace than over the previous year. The pipeline for building construction work was still reasonable supporting the growth outlook in the near-term but, by implication, slowing further out.
The minutes confirm the forecasts in the August SoMP which anticipate both headline and underlying inflation failing below 2 per cent to 1 ¾ per cent in 2018. This downward revision to the previous 2 ¼ per cent and 2 per cent respectively is attributed to some one-offs on childcare, TAFE and car registration fees and utilities prices. Appropriately, Board Members note that there is a risk that the recent decline in wholesale electricity prices could have more persistent effects. Certainly Westpac is of that view.
Finally, as expected, the minutes emphasise that reducing the unemployment rate and returning inflation towards to the mid-point of the target remain the necessary conditions to support higher rates. It is reiterated that the next move in the cash rate would more likely be an increase rather than  a decrease.
Conclusion
Today Westpac released an update to its forecasts, extending them out to the end of 2020. We anticipate the cash rate remaining on hold through 2018, 2019 and 2020. Factors which we consider important in this profile are: a steady weakening in the housing market through 2018 and 2019, low inflation, benign wages growth, and clear signs of a slowdown in the world economy.
The Minutes mention most of these factors but appear to be overly hopeful that economic activity and income growth will be sufficient to justify a rate hike at some point.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac
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Overly hopeful RBA board minutes contain few surprises: Bill Evans

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To date Westpac has issued public forecasts for the outlook for growth and financial markets to March 2020.
These forecasts are incorporated in the August Market Outlook publication.
We are now extending those forecasts to end 2020.
Last year around this time we surprised markets by forecasting no change in the RBA cash rate out to end 2019. At the time markets were priced for at least three rate hikes (25 basis points per move) and the overwhelming majority of forecasters were anticipating the rate hike cycle to begin in 2018.
Markets have now partly moved into line with our view with only around a 50% probability of one rate hike by the end of 2019. Furthermore, 65% of forecasters in the Bloomberg survey are still expecting the cycle to begin by the third quarter of 2019.
Our view is that the cash rate is likely to remain on hold not only through 2018 and 2019 but also 2020.
Some may argue that we are unrealistically forecasting that Australia will completely miss the global rate hike cycle if rates remain on hold for such an extended period.
We differ from that view arguing that financial conditions are affected by more forces than just the RBA cash rate.
Through 2017 and 2018 we are already observing tightening conditions in the absence of RBA rate hikes.
This tightening is emanating from heightened macroprudential policies from the banking regulator APRA and the rise in wholesale funding costs for banks and corporates.
New lending to housing investors has fallen by 25% over the last year; housing credit growth is likely to slow from 6.5% in the year to September 2017 to 4% in 2018/19 and 2019/20. The bank bill rate has “settled” at around 25 basis points above those levels, which prevailed in previous years and is priced in markets to remain there for at least the next year or so.
As a direct reflection of that tightening in financial conditions we are now seeing housing markets weakening with outright price falls in both Sydney and Melbourne. These price corrections look set to be sustained for at least the remainder of 2018 and 2019 with soggy markets likely prevailing through 2020.
Housing markets typically recover when there is an increase in new buyers in the market. That increase can be attributed to a boost in affordability or a rise in confidence. In previous cycles affordability has been boosted by multiple rate cuts from the Reserve Bank; lower prices; and rising incomes.
In this cycle the Reserve Bank has made it clear that short of a major global financial shock (most likely emanating from China) or a major collapse in the local housing market, it will resist cutting the cash rate.
Neither of those scenarios figure in our central case.
Furthermore, we do not envisage a marked lift in income growth over the forecast period. Accordingly the “responsibility” for the restoration of affordability in the two major housing markets will accrue to prices. So an extended period of price weakness is required before we return to levels of affordability that will attract new buyers and stabilise the markets.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac
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Westpac expects RBA cash rate to remain on hold until 2021: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVATION 
Last week the Reserve Bank surprised by lowering its inflation forecasts for 2018 (both underlying and headline).
Headline was lowered from 2.25% to 1.75% and underlying was lowered from 2% to 1.75%.
If correct, that means underlying inflation will have printed below the bottom of the 2-3% target range for three calendar years in a row. Headline inflation will have printed below the bottom of the 2-3% target for five calendar years in a row.
Economists and policy makers generally focus on underlying inflation when assessing the meaning of the “signal” from any inflation print. That is appropriate because the underlying measure “trims out” any large “one off” movements that might be misinterpreted.
However, when assessing inflation over the long term the headline measure is important since it should be a more reliable driver of inflationary expectations.
After all, expectations could be reasonably expected to be influenced by what has actually happened rather than a statistical interpretation of the data.
Inflationary expectations are critical from a theoretical perspective to delivering an inflation outcome. They impact workers’ wage demands and firms’ pricing decisions.
“Inflationary expectations” are like “the natural rate of unemployment” or “the neutral policy interest rate”. They are highly attractive concepts for economists. However they are notoriously difficult to measure.
Consider the “natural rate of unemployment”. For Australia that measure is generally accepted to be 5%. As such it is expected that any unemployment rate below 5% will be associated with rising wage pressures. However evidence from other countries indicates that in this period of accelerating technological development, which is often “job substituting”, natural rates are lower.
We expect that it is highly likely that the natural unemployment rate will also be lower in Australia. But we will not know for sure until we get there. Certainly the Federal Reserve had a view that the rate was around 4.75%. But as the rate fell through 4.75%, wage pressures were missing.
We are not sure what the position of the Reserve Bank is on this issue given that the unemployment forecasts envisage the unemployment rate holding above 5% until near the end of 2020 and yet wage pressures are expected to build through the forecast period.
Policy makers forecasts and market watchers try to measure inflationary expectations. The Reserve Bank uses a range of measures – market economists’ forecasts; unions’s forecasts; inflation swaps; and the 10 year inflation indexed bond. These measures have been gradually falling and are described by the Bank as “generally consistent with the inflation target”.
However, the inflation target has been fixed for twenty years yet the expectations which used to be well above the target are now around the target. One exception is the measure which is widely used by other central banks, including the FED, the 10 year inflation indexed bond. Implied inflation expectations have steadily fallen from 3% to 2% over the last 10 years - well below the 2.5% target.
This comfort that inflationary expectations appear to be settling around the inflation target is the key reason why the Bank resists the periodic calls to lower the target.
The Bank believes that the existence of the target is a dominant driver of inflationary expectations. Consequently, if the target were to be lowered, then expectations would fall and a more disinflationary environment would evolve. This puts considerable weight on the target as a driver of expectations.
But, as discussed, the Bank has been unable to even reach the bottom of the target zone for five calendar years. Furthermore, they have made it quite clear that the next move in rates is up. Reasonably, economic agents could conclude that, even after five years, there is no urgency to reach the target.
We are unable to find a definitive measure of inflationary expectations. However after five years of underperformance of headline inflation below 2%, economic agents would be excused if they expected such conditions to persist.
With the Bank not prepared to use its interest rate “weapon”, and other policies around credit supply actually constraining activity, there must be a risk that, at least from an expectations perspective, low inflation is embedded in the system for longer than the Bank and the market is currently expecting.
In fact, Governor Lowe has often responded to demands to lower the target by claiming that others favour a higher target in order to boost inflationary expectations.
A reasonable query on the purity of the target could be made around the need to monitor financial stability when setting policy. That approach was confirmed by the Governor’s comments in a panel discussion at the Sintra Conference in June.
“To try to get it back to 2.5% very quickly, it would be mainly through people borrowing more money, and having higher asset prices — I think that’s a much bigger risk to our economy than people having surprisingly low inflation expectations.”
Reasonably, we can conclude that after five years of missing the bottom of the target zone, a more aggressive pursuit of the inflation target has been constrained by the need to address Australia’s challenges around financial stability.
The Bank is currently forecasting that despite three years of above trend growth (3.25% in 2018; 3.25% in 2019; and 3% in 2020 against a trend growth rate of 2.75%) inflation (headline and underlying) will only have lifted to 2.25% by 2020.
Perhaps that looks cautious but with inflationary expectations potentially anchored at or below 2%, it might be a tough target to achieve unless the Bank was willing to signal that it was prepared to pursue its target more aggressively.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac.
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RBA's inflation expectations may be anchored despite official target: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER 
The consumer mood deteriorated in August, giving back about half of the surprisingly strong gains seen in June and July. Those gains look to have been partly a positive response to the tax cuts announced in the May Budget, which passed into legislation in June, the first round of cuts coming into effect in July. The June-July gains also came against a backdrop of adverse developments on the global trade front and an emerging price correction in the Sydney and Melbourne housing markets.
Despite the latest decline, the Index is still in positive territory overall, 5.5% above the average in 2014 to 2017. August marks the ninth successive month that the Index has been above the 100 level, indicating optimists outnumber pessimists, a clear turnaround on the twelve months in which 11 out of 12 readings were below 100.
Reduced rate rise fears may also have contributed to the lift in sentiment since earlier in the year. Every six months we gauge respondents’ outlook for interest rates. Back in February, 58% of respondents expected rates to rise over the next year down slightly from 61% in August 2017. The proportion fell further to just below 50% in August 2018.
All index components recorded declines in August, but the biggest falls were around expectations for the economy: the ‘economic outlook, next 12 months’ sub-index down 4.9% and the ‘economic outlook, next 5yrs’ sub-index down 3.1%. Both sub-indexes recorded strong gains last month. Despite the August pull-back, both ‘economic outlook’ sub-indexes remain well above their levels a year ago and 9-10pts above their long run averages.
Consumer views around family finances showed a milder pull back in August but remain weaker overall. The ‘finances vs a year ago’ sub-index dipped 0.5% and the ‘finances, next 12 months’ sub-index declined 1.1%. Both remain 1-2pts below their long run averages. Household budgets have come under persistent pressure from a range of factors, including: slow growth in wages, rising electricity and petrol costs, and declining house prices.
Consumers remain relatively downbeat on spending. The ‘time to buy a major household item’ sub-index declined 1.7%, giving up all of last month’s firming. At 122.4, the sub-index is 5ppts below its long run average and well below the levels associated with buoyant spending conditions.
Consumer views on unemployment continue to soften, pointing to a shift in labour market conditions. The Westpac Melbourne Institute Unemployment Expectations Index rose 2.8% to 129.3 and has now risen 7.2% from its February low (recall that higher reads mean more consumers expect unemployment to rise in the year ahead). The Index, which can also be viewed as a measure of consumers’ sense of job security, is now back near its long run average levels, suggesting consumers expect little change in the unemployment rate over the next 12mths. That would in turn imply a continuation of the slower employment gains seen since the start of the year with employment growth over the first half of 2018 more in line with growth in the working age population. Whether the shift marks a more sustained turning point in the labour market – something that has been seen during the lead in to the last two Federal elections – remains to be seen.
Consumer views around housing improved in August. The ‘time to buy a dwelling’ index posted a solid 5.5% gain and is now up 15.1% on a year ago and over 20% from its mid-2017 low. At 108.8, the index is at its highest level since September 2016. However, it remains well below the long run average of 120. The biggest lifts over the past year have been in Sydney and Melbourne where markets have seen significant price declines. Despite this, the average ‘time to buy a dwelling’ sub-indexes for these cities over the last three months has still been more subdued (102 and 101 respectively compared to 105.8 nationally). The easing rate rise fears evident in consumers’ mortgage rate expectations would have undoubtedly contributed to this lift in housing sentiment.
Consumer expectations for house prices stabilised in August. The Westpac Melbourne Institute Index of House Price Expectations edged 0.3% higher to 112.8 in August. That followed a sharp 13.1% drop over the previous two months. Expectations showed solid gains in NSW and Vic (both up 4.8%), the states that had led the declines in June-July (down 22% and 23% respectively).
The Reserve Bank Board next meets on September 4. Last week the Bank released its latest Statement on Monetary Policy which provided an update on its forecasts. Of most interest was a downward revision to the Bank’s inflation forecast for 2018 from 2.25% to 1.75%. If correct that would mark five consecutive years when headline inflation has printed below the bottom of the Bank’s 2-3% target band.
The Reserve Bank still expects inflation to lift to 2.25% by 2020 and anticipates that the next move in the cash rate will be up. An obvious headwind to the Bank’s plan to move inflation back into the target zone is the impact that five years of underperformance in inflation will have on households’ and firms’ expectations. Lower expectations will make it that much more difficult to lift inflation back into the band. Price expectations impact households’ wage expectations and claims, while firms’ pricing decisions are also influenced by expectations.
Certainly it will be quite some time before the Bank has a case to adjust the cash rate.
Westpac reaffirms its view that rates will remain on hold in both 2018 and 2019.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac
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Consumer optimism fades, but housing sentiment rises: Bill Evans

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EXPERT OBSERVER
As expected, the Reserve Bank Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 1.50%.
This represents the twenty-second consecutive meeting (last change in August 2016) that rates have been on hold. The previous longest run of steady rates was sixteen consecutive meetings in 1995/96.
There were a number of changes/ additions to the statement following the July meeting. Previously, the Governor had noted the growth outlook being “a bit above 3 per cent in 2018 and 2019”.He repeated that line. But previously  he made no inference as to that impact on capacity. In today’s statement he asserts that the growth outlook “should see some further reduction in spare capacity”. This was borne out in the discussion on the labour market when he noted that the unemployment rate was likely to fall to around 5 per cent over the next couple of years.
Recall that in the May Statement on Monetary Policy, the Bank revised its unemployment forecast from 5 ¼ per cent (end 2018) and 5 ¼ per cent (end 2019) to 5 ½ per cent (end 2018) and 5 ¼ per cent (end 2019). The forecasts that will be updated in the August Statement on Monetary Policy which will be released on August 10 are now likely to include a forecast that the unemployment rate by end 2020 will be 5 per cent. A reasonable criticism of the Bank’s unemployment forecasts and rhetoric around increasing wages growth was that a low-point of 5 ¼ per cent was still comfortably above the generally accepted NAIRU for Australia of 5 per cent. With the unemployment rate staying above the NAIRU, it was questionable as to whether the expected lift in wages growth would occur.
Our view, based on offshore evidence, is that the NAIRU in this cycle is likely to be below 5 per cent, so even with this new lower unemployment forecast, it still seems a big call to expect sustained upward pressures on wages growth.
In July, the Bank noted the increase in short-term wholesale interest rates over recent months. However, it provided little guidance as to the implications. “It remains to be seen the extent to which these factors persist”. Fortunately, that sentence has been deleted, but, still, no real guidance is provided in the current statement. It is observed that retail deposit rates have not risen and some lenders have increased mortgage rates by small amounts. It would have been helpful for the Bank to have given its own view on the sustainability of this move and any implications from the associated tightening in financial conditions.
The Governor notes that “the drought has led to difficult conditions in parts of the farm sector”, but has not clarified whether these developments have any significant implications for risks and growth forecasts.
The August Statement has the benefit of an update on inflation developments. The June quarter inflation report was slightly below market expectations but not sufficient to alter the Bank’s views. Having said that, a literal interpretation of the sentence “the central forecast is for inflation to be higher in 2019 and 2020 than it is currently” would be that the forecasts for inflation in the August Statement on Monetary Policy are set to be lifted. The forecasts for underlying inflation in the May Statement on Monetary Policy were for underlying inflation to be 2 per cent in 2018 and 2 per cent in 2019. That outlook seems consistent with the June inflation report. We would be surprised if the forecast for underlying inflation in either 2018 or 2019 is lifted in the August SOMP.
One clue to this puzzle is that the Governor points out that headline inflation to the September quarter is likely to fall to 1 ¾ per cent. As such, the forecast for headline in the May SOMP of 2 ¼ per cent in 2018 and 2019 indicates a lift from the expected September reading. Such fluctuations in the headline number are unlikely to have any implications for policy.
In July, the Governor referred to “nation-wide measures of housing prices are little changed over the past six months”. The CoreLogic national index was actually down 1% and this index is now down by 1.2%. That sentence has not been repeated in the August Statement, although the easing in Sydney and Melbourne housing markets is confirmed. The Governor has also dropped the comment that “some further tightening of lending standards by banks is possible” and now makes the less controversial comment that lending standards are tighter than a few years ago.
There has been a significant change in the global commentary. In July, the Governor noted “the Chinese economy continues to grow solidly”. In this statement, that is replaced with “growth in China has slowed a little, with the authorities easing policy”.
Conclusion
Westpac has long held the view that the RBA cash rate will remain on hold over the course of 2018 and 2019.
In his statement, the Governor does not provide a convincing commentary that wage pressures can be expected to lift; the housing slowdown and the associated wealth effect will not be headwinds for the economy; any evidence that inflation pressures are likely to build; and why global developments are not pointing to some challenges for Australia. Consequently we see no reason to be persuaded to change our view that rates will remain on hold.
Bill Evans is the Chief Economist for Westpac
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RBA remains on hold; with no apparent change in sentiment: Bill Evans

Melbourne developer Spacious Group has completed Voyage Altona, one of the closest new apartment developments to Altona Beach.

Off the plan purchasers have started moving into the 49-apartment project on Pier Street, with the remaining move-in-ready one-, two- and three-bedroom apartments starting from just over $500,000.

Display apartments have now been fitted out, allowing prospective buyers to inspect the completed residences by appointment.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112195 project_image_fid=372638]

The completed apartments feature open-plan living and dining areas which extend onto private balconies and terraces, while full-height glazing maximises natural light throughout the interiors.&nbsp;

Hybrid timber-look flooring, stone benchtops, Miele appliances, porcelain-tiled bathrooms and generous storage feature throughout the building which also features landscaped communal areas, expansive shared terraces, lift access and secure on-grade parking.

Drawing inspiration from its bayside setting, Voyage adopts a restrained palette of warm neutral tones and textured finishes. Many of the apartments take advantage of views across Port Phillip Bay, while the indoor-outdoor living spaces have been designed to make the most of the coastal outlook.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112195 project_image_fid=3286]

Voyage was developed to address what Spacious Group identified as an undersupply of higher-quality apartment product in Altona, with a focus on owner-occupiers looking to remain within the bayside community.

"Voyage responds to very strong local buyer demand for quality, owner-occupier-focused product," says Barry Plant Projects Director Jarrod Farey, who has handled sales since the project's launch.

"The project delivers an elevated lifestyle proposition, with its design and quality of finish far exceeding anything previously produced in the area, as well as its proximity to Pier Street Village and the beach."

The majority of purchasers have been local downsizers and owner-occupiers looking to stay within the Altona community but who previously had limited opportunities to buy a brand-new apartment.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112195]

Joel Robinson

Spacious Group completes Voyage Altona in Altona's beachside precinct

Homecorp has secured approval for a $360 million apartment development at Budds Beach, paving the way for one of the Gold Coast's most amenity-rich residential projects to launch later this year.

Gold Coast City Council has approved Lýon Residences, a 32-level tower that will deliver 178 two and three-bedroom apartments across a prominent corner site at 8-10 Acacia Avenue and 25-27 Oak Avenue.

The approval comes as developers continue to invest in premium lifestyle-driven apartment projects on the Gold Coast, where owner occupiers are increasingly prioritising amenity as much as apartment size and location.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/l-on-residences-25-27-oak-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Lýon Residences</a> has been designed around a resort-style wellness offering, headlined by a Moroccan-inspired spa precinct featuring treatment rooms, a Nordic sauna and steam room, hot and cold plunge pools, a soaking pool and a residents-only juice bar.

The rooftop will include a heated infinity pool and spa, residents' lounge with private kitchen and bar, gymnasium, yoga and Pilates studio, outdoor entertaining areas and barbecue facilities overlooking the Surfers Paradise skyline.

<img alt="Lyon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2d3e29af-8793-486e-a684-52cef862241f" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-15%20at%204.32.26%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=ayG2zpLf3SS6Zy8XmKDcQods4kVWb0gm" />

Homecorp Founder and CEO Ron Bakir said Budds Beach provided the ideal location for the company's latest luxury apartment project.

"Budds Beach represents one of the most unique and sought-after pockets of the Gold Coast, and Lýon Residences has been designed to reflect that sense of rarity and refinement," Bakir said.

The project arrives as wellness continues to become a defining feature of new residential developments both in Australia and internationally.

The latest Global Wellness Institute figures show wellness real estate remains the fastest-growing segment of the global wellness economy and is forecast to exceed $1.8 trillion by 2030. Australia continues to rank among the world's 15 largest wellness real estate markets, with developers increasingly integrating health, recreation and community facilities into apartment projects.

Queensland is also experiencing strong population growth, with the Gold Coast continuing to outperform many other Australian cities as demand for new housing remains elevated ahead of the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Bakir said the project had been designed to respond to that shift in buyer expectations.

"Strong population growth and sustained demand across the Gold Coast continue to highlight the need for well-designed new housing supply. Lýon Residences responds directly to this demand while setting a new benchmark for residential living," he said.

Each apartment has been designed to maximise views across the coastline, the Nerang River and the Gold Coast hinterland.

Located just minutes from Surfers Paradise beach and the Broadwater, the development also offers easy access to the light rail network, Broadbeach and Burleigh Heads.

Early site works are underway, with construction expected to commence later this year.

Homecorp approved for Budds Beach apartment tower, Lýon Residences

New apartment developments with uninterrupted, north-facing views over Perth's Swan River are exceptionally rare.

Recognising just how limited those opportunities are, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/edge-visionary-living">Edge Visionary Living</a>, one of Perth's most respected builder-developers, targeted <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/applecross-wa-6153">Applecross</a>, assembling an unrepeatable 6,342 sqm riverfront site on the corner of Moreau Mews and Canning Beach Road to create one of Perth's only new north-facing apartment developments directly overlooking the Swan River.

Today, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/riviere-residences-applecross-59-canning-beach-road-applecross-wa-6153">Rivière Residences</a> offers buyers a unique opportunity to choose between completed residences ready to move into now and off-the-plan homes in the final stage, Rivière West.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=28384 project_image_fid=3823]

Across the completed East and Central buildings, residents are already enjoying the development's luxury amenity, while two of the precinct's hospitality venues are now open.

The completed component of the development gives buyers the advantage of experiencing the finished product firsthand, including its uninterrupted river views, while still having the opportunity to secure a residence in the final stage.

"People are wowed by the view and the quality of the apartments,"&nbsp;Edge Visionary Living Sales Executive, Holly McSweeney, says.

"They're looking for the convenience of lock-and-leave living, but they're not looking to downsize on quality."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=28384 project_image_fid=3826]

The rarity of the development hasn't been lost on prospective buyers, McSweeney says.

For McSweeney, it all comes back to a location that is becoming increasingly difficult to replicate.

"Location, location, location," she says. "We are nestled right on the front of the Swan River. You can never get built out, so wherever you are in Rivière Residences, you've got views of the river forever."

The unique waterfront position has resonated particularly strongly with local downsizers. McSweeney says many buyers are long-time Applecross residents looking to transition from large family homes into a luxury apartment without sacrificing space, quality or the lifestyle they've enjoyed for decades.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/N_FowNW0wu8?si=vb25XFq1wZ-iufAW" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>

A major focus for Edge in recent years has been resident amenity. Across its apartment portfolio, from beachfront developments in Scarborough to luxury towers in South Perth, the developer has increasingly invested in the spaces beyond the apartment itself.

The strategy has largely been shaped by downsizer demand. Many buyers are moving from large family homes with swimming pools and established gardens. While they're looking to leave the maintenance behind, they don't want to compromise on lifestyle.

At Rivière, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/hillam-architects">Hillam Architects</a> designed the resident facilities as an extension of each apartment. A 25-metre heated swimming pool takes advantage of the north-facing river outlook, complemented by a large gym, sauna and steam rooms, private dining spaces, residents' lounges, a cinema, games room, and dedicated wine and whisky rooms.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=28384 project_image_fid=372542]

The waterfront location has also proved to be a major drawcard. Residents are within walking distance of the Raffles Hotel, South of Perth Yacht Club, the Heathcote Cultural Precinct and the cafés, restaurants and boutiques along Ardross Street.

Beyond the location and amenity, McSweeney says many buyers take confidence from Edge's fully integrated development model.

Having delivered apartments across Perth for decades, Edge now designs, develops and constructs its projects in-house, giving the company greater control over quality, delivery and the finished product.

"What I love is when people walk through their apartment for the first time and say, 'This is better than what we imagined,'" McSweeney says. "We hear that all the time."

Completed apartments in the East and Central buildings are now available to inspect by appointment, while Rivière West, the final stage of the precinct, is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=28384]

North-facing Swan River views drive demand at Rivière Residences in Applecross

Nearly 60 per cent of apartments at McNab Group's $220 million The Tannery development in Brisbane's West End have sold ahead of the project's public launch, including a suburb-record $2.57 million sale for a two-bedroom apartment.

The early sales campaign has secured buyers for 50 of the project's 87 apartments, highlighting continued demand for larger owner-occupier apartments that combine generous floorplans with premium lifestyle amenities in one of Brisbane's most tightly held inner-city suburbs.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=143337 project_image_fid=374768]

McNab Group Executive Chairman Michael McNab said selling more than half the project before launch reflected changing buyer expectations.

"Selling more than half the project before public sales open tells us buyers are actively seeking apartments that offer something genuinely different," McNab said.

"Today's buyers are looking beyond four walls. They want homes that genuinely enhance the way they live, with spaces that support health, connection and everyday wellbeing."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=143337 project_image_fid=374767]

A key point of difference for the project is the adaptive reuse of the heritage-listed Dixon's Tannery building, which will become The Retreat, a residents-only wellness precinct rather than being redeveloped into additional apartments.

The Retreat will feature a sauna and steam room, hot and cold plunge pools, a commercial-grade gym, Pilates studio, cinema, library, co-working spaces and private dining room. Rooftop amenities will include a swimming pool, landscaped gardens, outdoor entertaining areas and dog-friendly spaces.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=143337 project_image_fid=374760]

Designed by Cottee Parker Architects with interiors by Tom Mark Henry and landscape architecture by Aspect Studios, The Tannery comprises 87 two, three and four-bedroom apartments across 11 levels overlooking the Brisbane River.

Cottee Parker principal Dee Passenger said preserving the original tannery building had been central to the project's design.

"The easy option would have been to maximise the site's development potential with additional apartments. Instead, McNab has chosen to preserve the original tannery as a shared wellness retreat, ensuring this important piece of Brisbane's history remains at the heart of the community."

Passenger said sustainability also played a key role in the design, with materials from the original industrial site salvaged and repurposed throughout the development.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=143337 project_image_fid=374761]

Motiv CEO Carly Cottam said buyers had responded strongly to the combination of larger apartments, wellness facilities and the West End lifestyle.

"We are seeing more buyers looking for homes in the sky that provide the space and functionality of a traditional home, while benefiting from the convenience and lifestyle that apartment living brings," Cottam said.

She said purchasers included both owner occupiers and investors, with demand coming from local buyers as well as interstate purchasers.

Coinciding with the public launch, McNab also announced a partnership with Queensland Ballet, whose neighbouring Thomas Dixon Centre shares historical ties with the original Dixon family.

Located on a 4,465 sqm site at 439 Montague Road, The Tannery overlooks the Brisbane River and is around 10 minutes from the CBD.

Construction is underway, with completion expected in the second half of 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=143337]

More than half of residences sold before public sales as McNab announces significant partnership with Queensland Ballet

McNab's The Tannery nears 60 per cent sold before public release, sets two-bedroom West End record

Iwan Sunito's vision for a landmark mixed-use precinct in Sydney's Inner West has taken a major step forward, with approval granted for the $1.9 billion Five Dock development first unveiled earlier this year.

The approved scheme by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/one-global-capital">One Global Capital</a> will deliver an 80,500 sqm mixed-use precinct comprising 840 apartments, integrated hotel accommodation, commercial and retail space, alongside publicly accessible open space designed to create a new destination for the growing suburb.

"This is a significant milestone for One Global Capital and for the future of housing delivery in Sydney," Sunito said.

"The Housing Delivery Authority was established to identify major housing projects capable of delivering meaningful supply more efficiently, and we are delighted that Spencer Street has been recognised as one of those projects.”

He said the declaration reflected the rapid progress achieved since acquiring control of the site.

"In less than seven months we have progressed from taking control of the site to securing entry into one of the NSW Government's most important planning pathways. It reflects the experience of our team, the strength of our consultant group led by Urbis, and our long-term commitment to delivering transformational projects that contribute to Sydney's future."

When the project was revealed earlier this year, Sunito described the opportunity as one of the strongest development sites he had worked on.

"I probably hadn't appreciated the uniqueness of the site until more recently when putting together the concept plans," Sunito said.

"The proximity to the water, and the golf course opposite, is unlike any other part of Parramatta Road. We have a unique position and view corridors over the water that makes this one of the best sites I've worked on."

The development has evolved since its initial announcement, with the approved plans increasing the residential component from the originally proposed 750 apartments to 840 homes while retaining the project's focus on creating an integrated neighbourhood rather than a standalone residential development.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/a-city-within-a-city-iwan-sunito-flags-1-5-billion-mixed-use-precinct-in-five-dock">"A city within a city": Iwan Sunito flags $1.5 billion mixed-use precinct in Five Dock</a>

The precinct will combine apartments with hotel accommodation, commercial workplaces, retail offerings and public spaces, creating a mixed-use environment intended to serve both residents and the broader Five Dock community. The proposal also continues the collaboration between One Global Capital and internationally recognised architect <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/koichi-takada-architects">Koichi Takada</a>, whose previous work with Sunito includes Infinity, Arc and Skye North Sydney.

Takada previously said the design was driven by a philosophy of integrating nature into the built environment.

"The concept for this development is born from our design approach to naturalising architecture," Takada said.

"The public realm benefits from biophilic design that integrates generous landscaping, and the development is optimised for natural daylight, airflow and water views to foster wellbeing, sustainability and spaces that foster community interaction."

Sunito has consistently described the project as a "city within a city", with a strong emphasis on creating a destination that extends beyond housing.

"We want to create a development that's not only to be seen, but to be experienced by the whole local community," he said.

The approval comes as Five Dock continues its transformation ahead of the opening of the Sydney Metro West line, with the new Five Dock station set to significantly improve connections between the Inner West, Parramatta and the Sydney CBD.&nbsp;

The precinct will also benefit from its proximity to the Parramatta Road corridor, nearby waterfront parklands and established retail and dining offerings that have made Five Dock one of Sydney's most tightly held Inner West suburbs.

Bill Evans

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