Australian developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/homecorp">Homecorp</a> has officially launched its $210 million Florence Residences to the market, as demand for coastal and wellness-inspired living across the Gold Coast continues to surge.&nbsp;

Soaring 26-storeys above Cascade Gardens, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/florence-residences-24-monte-carlo-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Florence Residences</a> will deliver 120 homes paired with a private residents’ only wellness club.

Recent findings from the Global Wellness Institute reveal Australia now ranks fourth globally for wellness real estate, with a third of the country’s wellness market growth coming directly from residential development, making it one of the fastest-growing segments in the sector.&nbsp;

Discerning buyers are increasingly seeking homes that prioritise wellness amenities, connection and lifestyle, a trend born post-pandemic that reflects a renewed focus on living well, not just living comfortably.&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=357949]

“The Gold Coast’s next era of luxury living has arrived and it is putting wellness and community at the centre of design,” said Ron Bakir, CEO and Founder of Homecorp.&nbsp;

“Buyers are looking for a sanctuary - a home that feels like an escape from the everyday, a place to unwind, recharge and connect. At Florence Residences, we have created exactly that: a community where architecture, lifestyle and wellness converge. It is a design philosophy that embraces natural materials, biophilic design and a sense of revitalisation, setting a new benchmark for coastal living on the Gold Coast.”

Florence, inspired by its namesake Italian city,&nbsp;introduces a holistic lifestyle destination within one of the city’s most exclusive coastal and park-side enclaves. Beyond each residence lies a world dedicated to wellbeing and connection, featuring a resort-style rooftop pool, hot and cold plunge pools, spa retreat, state-of-the-art gymnasium, and a yoga and Pilates studio.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=357946]

The project will also boast social and community-focused spaces, including a resident-only lounge with private dining and a rooftop bar, premium outdoor entertaining areas, a striking hotel-style lobby lounge, generous bike parking, and pet-friendly perks including a heated dog wash.

“Florence Residences has been designed as a home for the future, one that will truly stand the test of time. A place that can be passed down through generations, in a city where lifestyle never compromises. Here - health, longevity and luxury exist in perfect balance,” Bakir added.

Early site works are set to commence in the coming weeks, with construction scheduled to begin in early 2026 and completion anticipated by late 2027.

Prices will begin from $1,249,000.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=150414]

Joel Robinson

Homecorp launches $210 million Florence Residences as demand soars for wellness-inspired living on the Gold Coast

Life in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/fitzroy-vic-3065">Fitzroy</a> moves at a distinctly local rhythm - a neighbourhood where cafés open early, parks fill steadily, and everything from art to groceries is found within walking distance.&nbsp;

At the centre of this tightly knit urban fabric, just 150 metres from Brunswick Street’s café's and retail spine, this new address offers direct access to the suburb’s defining amenities while maintaining a sense of residential calm.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/napier-235-fitzroy-235-napier-street-fitzroy-vic-3065">Napier 235</a>, a boutique development from <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/romano-property-group">Romano Property Group</a>, introduces 14 north-facing residences into one of Melbourne’s most walkable and richly layered enclaves. Surrounded by iconic eateries, leafy gardens, and essential daily services, it situates residents within the full spectrum of Fitzroy’s cultural, culinary, and lifestyle offerings - all just two kilometres from the CBD.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144904 project_image_fid=3219]

The immediate surroundings read like a curated guide to Melbourne’s culinary highlights: Bentwood café and the Napier Hotel, both local institutions, are just metres from the doorstep. Some of the city’s most acclaimed eateries are within a five to ten minute radius - Marion, Cutler &amp; Co, Lune Croissanterie, Alimentari, and Bar Rosella, to name a few. These venues sit alongside celebrated casual options like Hector’s Deli and Archie’s All Day, offering residents a diverse and constantly evolving dining experience.

For food shopping and specialty retail, the area continues to deliver. Morning Market and Gertrude Grocer offer curated produce and pantry goods, while Meatsmith, The Source Bulk Foods, and Gram Sustainable cater to conscious consumers.&nbsp;

National retailers including Coles and Woolworths ensure grocery needs are met with ease, and boutique outlets like Aesop, Le Labo, and Glou Wine Bar &amp; Shop add texture to the local retail mix.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144904 project_image_fid=3216]

Public green space is one of Fitzroy’s defining attributes, and Napier 235 is perfectly positioned to take advantage of this. Carlton Gardens and Fitzroy Gardens provide expansive, historic parklands within walking distance.&nbsp;

Edinburgh Gardens, popular with locals for its open lawns and sporting facilities, is also easily accessible. Fitzroy Swimming Pool and the leafy surrounds of the Melbourne Museum further enrich the recreational landscape, while the Melbourne Cricket Ground offers a pedestrian-accessible connection to the city’s sporting calendar.

Transport connectivity is embedded into the daily rhythm of the suburb. Tram access on nearby Brunswick, Smith, and Nicholson Streets provides direct links to the CBD and broader inner-north. Meanwhile, major arterials such as Victoria Parade and Alexandra Parade support quick access by car or bicycle.&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144904 project_image_fid=3217]

Despite this rich offering, Napier Street itself remains a quiet, tree-lined corridor within Fitzroy’s residential grain, providing a sense of retreat from the surrounding activity. This balance of vibrancy and seclusion underpins the appeal of Napier 235, designed by Ewert Leaf with landscape by Florian Wild.&nbsp;

Each residence offers large private terraces and generous internal layouts that connect with the outdoors, while sustainability credentials place the project in the top five per cent of Victorian developments under current planning policy benchmarks.

Napier 235 is now under construction by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/ag-constructions">AG Construct</a>. Two-bedroom residences are priced from $1,225,000.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=144904]

Staff Writer

Napier 235 taps into Fitzroy’s lifestyle fabric

Access to high-performing public schools remains one of the strongest, and most measurable, drivers of residential demand in Melbourne’s established suburbs.

As affordability pressures continue to reshape buying decisions, school zoning has increasingly shifted from a secondary preference to a strategic consideration for family buyers.

New 2025 research from Cotality quantifies just how much weight households place on this factor. Across Sydney and Melbourne, families are paying premiums of up to $1.3 million to secure houses within sought-after public school catchments compared with similar homes just outside the boundary. In Melbourne, price gaps in leading school zones have reached as much as $357,000, reinforcing the extent to which access to public education is being capitalised into property values.

This data is reflected in buyer behaviour on the ground. Recent analysis shows some Melbourne families are paying up to 35 per cent more for homes within well-performing public school zones, particularly in tightly held inner and middle-ring suburbs where supply is limited and boundaries are sharply defined.

While the strongest premiums have traditionally been associated with detached housing, the underlying demand drivers, certainty of school access, long-term lifestyle planning, and the rising cost of private education, are increasingly influencing apartment buyers as well.

In suburbs where new residential supply is scarce, apartments located within established school catchments are emerging as one of the few accessible entry points for families prioritising location over land.

Long regarded for its education network, Balwyn remains one of Melbourne’s most tightly-held residential areas, with limited opportunities for new housing, particularly projects that sit squarely within the Balwyn High School catchment, one of the best performing public schools in the area.

The new apartment development&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/white-weston-balwyn-village-259-281-whitehorse-road-balwyn-vic-3103">White &amp; Weston</a> sits within the sought-after catchment zone, as well as being close to the suburb’s village retail strip and Balwyn Park.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=136850 project_image_fid=343580]

Supermarket giant Coles has teamed up with developer Dimas Property Group to create White &amp; Weston, just 45 large-scale apartments designed by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cera-stribley-architects">Cera Stribley</a>. The two-, three-, and four-bedroom apartments, are proving popular with a wide variety of buyers, from young families to professional couples, as well as empty nesters.

While the median house price in Balwyn is touching $3 million, two-bedroom apartments at White &amp; Weston start from $1,325,000, and three-bedroom apartments start from $1,837,000.

On top its affordability relative to houses, buyers, depending on the configuration they choose, can save up to $360,000 by buying off the plan, an added cost which is applicable in the established housing market.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=136850 project_image_fid=343582]

White &amp; Weston apartments have been designed with sustainability at the forefront. They will achieve a&nbsp;minimum seven-star energy rating, through features like double-glazed windows, EV readiness, and whole-of-home energy optimisation aimed at reducing ongoing costs. There is also a 52-week defect liability period in place, and a six-year building guarantee for peace of mind.

Builder Aspekt has already commenced construction of the building, and will complete in early 2027.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=136850 project_image_fid=343583]

Developments like White &amp; Weston highlight how school zoning is reshaping not just prices, but housing typologies within established suburbs. As demand to live inside high-performing public school catchments intensifies, apartments and townhome-style projects are increasingly filling the gap between aspiration and affordability.

The question for buyers is less about whether the school-zone premium exists, the data clearly shows it does, and more about how they choose to absorb it. Paying extra for education access can make sense when weighed against private schooling costs and long-term lifestyle goals.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=136850]

While the median house price in Balwyn is touching $3 million, the two-bedroom apartments at White & Weston range from $1,275,000 to $1.5 million, and the three-bedroom apartments start from $1.7 million.

White & Weston in Balwyn reflects Melbourne's education-driven housing demand

All eyes are on the Brisbane apartment market in 2026, as the Queensland capital continues its bull run in the unit sector.

Buyer confidence remains at an all-time high, with Cotality data showing unit values surged more than 15 per cent in 2025, following 16.6 per cent growth in 2024.

It is becoming increasingly difficult to build in Brisbane, keeping supply constrained and placing further upward pressure on prices. Developers are keen to bring projects to market as quickly as possible, with the Olympics, albeit still six years away, looming large.

Next year promises to be another exciting one for the Brisbane apartment market. It will be another characterized by limited supply, heightened demand, and&nbsp;continued price growth as construction constraints and strong population growth keep competition for new stock intense.

We’ve wrapped up the 10 best apartment developments set to hit the market in 2026 that buyers should look out for.

<h3>Where: South Brisbane 
Who: Mosaic Property Group</h3>

Builder-developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/mosaic-property-group">Mosaic Property Group</a> is preparing to launch its Montague Road, South Brisbane development in early 2026.

The owner-occupier focussed building will have 204 two- and three-bedroom apartments across its 37 storeys overlooking the Brisbane River, as well as over&nbsp;2,000 sqm of wellness and lifestyle amenity.&nbsp;

<img alt="Montague" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="33256aa1-247f-43a1-8135-e8ae16c2d838" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202025-12-16%20at%201.54.14%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=LzP3Ytk4UTNDB8x_CE.x.gPbC.3yOtsL" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/bureauproberts">bureau^proberts</a> and positioned on one of the last remaining large riverfront sites in South Brisbane, the development aligns with the area’s next phase of renewal as Montague Road transitions from light industrial uses to a high-quality mixed-use river precinct.

<h3>Where: Toowong 
Who: Immerse Projects</h3>

Gold Coast-based <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/immerse-projects">Immerse Projects</a> is making its Brisbane debut in Toowong. Pending approvals, they will launch their 15-storey mixed-use building on Sylvan Road in 2026.

There will be <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/22-24-sylvan-road-toowong-qld-4066">88 apartments</a> above activated ground-floor retail and hospitality.&nbsp;

<img alt="First look: Immerse Projects reveals debut Brisbane apartment development in Toowong" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Article%20Feature%20Image%20%28Grid%29_3.png?VersionId=obHZvtKcoN9sil.chyU_YQrZ5iuAtjqQ" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/bda-architecture">BDA Architecture</a>, the project responds to a mid-rise urban context that has seen little new apartment supply in recent years, despite strong underlying demand driven by proximity to the University of Queensland, transport, and riverfront amenity.&nbsp;

The scheme is positioned as a contemporary addition to the Sylvan Road corridor, with landscaped communal spaces and a focus on connectivity rather than scale.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/first-look-immerse-projects-reveals-debut-brisbane-apartment-development-in-toowong">First look: Immerse Projects reveals debut Brisbane apartment development in Toowong</a>

<h3>The Stanley 
Where: Woolloongabba 
Who: Sarazin</h3>

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sarazin">Sarazin</a>&nbsp;is expected to launch its <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-stanley-woolloongabba-825-stanley-street-woolloongabba-qld-4102">The Stanley</a>&nbsp;development in 2026, one of the most ambitious proposals set to contribute significantly to Woolloongabba’s transformation ahead of the 2032 Olympic Games.&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=151722 project_image_fid=356087]

Planned as a two-tower, mixed-use development of 53 and 36 storeys, the project will deliver 447 apartments alongside retail, commercial space, and a major public plaza connecting Stanley and Trafalgar Streets.&nbsp;

Located within the Woolloongabba Priority Development Area and adjacent to The Gabba and Cross River Rail, The Stanley is framed as a catalyst project, blending high-density living with cultural and civic infrastructure, including a proposed STEAMM gallery and garden.&nbsp;

<h3>The Tannery 
Where: West End 
Who: McNab</h3>

Another builder-developer,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/mcnab-developments">McNab</a>, will launch its unique West End project in 2026.&nbsp;The Tannery Residences will transform the former Dixon’s Tannery site on Montague Road into a 10-storey, wellness-led residential project that places heritage at its core.&nbsp;

The development will deliver 81 two, three, and four-bedroom apartments, centred around the preserved 19th-century tannery building, which will be repurposed as a communal retreat with extensive health and wellbeing facilities.&nbsp;

<img alt="McNab secures approval to transform West End's Dixon’s Tannery into The Tannery Residences" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/McNab%20The%20Tannery_Render_09.jpg?VersionId=Ucpd19J0ABOpzetZ.BsyYmS_x2N2QV_g" />

Designed with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cottee-parker-architects">Cottee Parker Architects</a>, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/landscape-architect/aspect-studios">Aspect Studios</a>, and Tom Mark Henry, the project reflects a broader buyer shift toward character-rich buildings that combine history, amenity, and long-term liveability in tightly held inner-Brisbane locations.

<h3>The Gallery by Graya 
Where: Hamilton 
Who: Graya</h3>

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/graya">Graya</a>, yet another builder-developer,&nbsp;is expanding its presence along Hamilton’s Racecourse Road with The Gallery.

Pending approvals to go a little higher than what has been approved, Graya will bring 52 high-end apartments to the undersupplied Hamilton market, above&nbsp;a curated retail precinct.&nbsp;

Designed by bureau^proberts, the project draws on Queensland vernacular architecture, incorporating deep verandahs, landscaped courtyards, and an 800-square-metre rooftop retreat.&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150283 project_image_fid=1821]

Positioned on a full-block site, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-gallery-by-graya-63-71-racecourse-road-hamilton-qld-4007">The Gallery</a> is intended to act as a local civic anchor, contributing to the ongoing revitalisation of Racecourse Road while catering to owner-occupiers seeking lower-density living close to the river and CBD.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/first-look-exclusive-graya-expands-hamilton-presence-with-the-gallery-apartments">First look exclusive: GRAYA expands Hamilton presence with The Gallery apartments</a>

<h3>Yeerongpilly Green 
Where: Yeerongpilly 
Who: Consolidated Properties Group</h3>

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/consolidated-properties">Consolidated Properties Group</a> (CPG) will launch its 25-storey residential tower at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/yeerongpilly-green-21-queens-way-yeerongpilly-qld-4105">Yeerongpilly Green</a>&nbsp;in the new year,&nbsp;marking the first high-rise within the evolving riverside precinct.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a>, the project will deliver 181 apartments, evenly balanced between two- and three-bedroom configurations, each with generous outdoor spaces ranging up to 87 sqm.

A key feature of the proposal is the adaptive reuse of the site’s heritage-listed former Animal Research Institute building, which will be restored and reimagined as a future community or retail venue.

<img alt="CPG" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="14342886-3be6-409b-bdae-506381832b24" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202025-12-16%20at%201.44.44%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=gVAO1co1J4NKYnbp0aIWQtwioATKTFdl" />

Over 2,000 sqm of landscaped communal gardens, along with resident amenities such as a pool, library, and private dining rooms, reflect the precinct’s broader focus on livability and green design.

The tower’s position within walking distance of the upgraded Yeerongpilly station and the 2032 Olympic tennis venue reinforces its appeal to both residents and investors.

<h3>Where: Newstead 
Who Consolidated Properties Group</h3>

CPG is also expected to launch its Newstead project, on one of the last direct riverfront sites in the suburb, next year. They are proposing 235 apartments across a 25-storey tower and an adjoining four-storey riverfront building of just 12 ultra-luxury residences.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/woods-bagot">Woods Bagot</a> and built by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/builders/hutchinson-builders">Hutchinson Builders</a>, the project draws on classical Brisbane architecture with enduring materials such as brick and stone.

<img alt="Don O'Rorke's Cons Prop unveils Newstead riverfront apartment plans" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/47Skyring_C1_v3.jpg?VersionId=27j60QR_NOCX1GSEXs5XneHQVZp4ty2k" />

CPG Chairman Don O’Rorke described the vision as a “modern classic” that will stand the test of time.

With panoramic north-facing views across the river to Hamilton Hill and more than 75 apartments capturing river vistas, the development cements Newstead’s reputation as one of Brisbane’s most coveted urban waterfront locations.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/don-ororkes-cons-prop-unveils-newstead-riverfront-apartment-plans">Don O'Rorke's Cons Prop unveils Newstead riverfront apartment plans</a>

<h3>Where: Newstead 
Who: BPG Developments</h3>

Builder-developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/bpg-developments">BPG Developments</a>&nbsp;will launch&nbsp;its 18-level Newstead apartment tower on Maud Street early in the new year following its recent approval.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a>, the project will comprise 131 two- and three-bedroom apartments with a wellness-focused rooftop featuring a gym, sauna, plunge pools, and shaded lounging terraces.

A ground-level plaza and retail tenancy will contribute to the precinct’s growing lifestyle offering and activate the street edge.

<img alt="BPG" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="34ff5c87-b4fc-4005-a613-0008f8629170" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202025-12-16%20at%201.48.11%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=UQ4i3BRwPdbhJZDqewZKNWjms8j5UTLU" />

The tower’s material palette and form draw inspiration from the neighbouring heritage-listed Goldsworthy and Perkins Boot Factory, incorporating arched motifs and tactile brickwork that nod to Newstead’s industrial past.

BPG Co-Founder Glen Williams said the decision to focus on the area was driven by the ongoing shortage of new apartments and construction challenges limiting supply.

<h3>Where: New Farm 
Who: Fortis</h3>

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/fortis">Fortis</a> is expected to launch its second Brisbane project, one of its largest to date not only in Brisbane but nationally. The New Farm development will deliver <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/424-bowen-terrace-new-farm-qld-4005">74 apartments and four standalone houses</a> across two low-rise buildings designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/dko-architecture">DKO Architecture</a>.

The seven-level apartment building will front Moreton Street, while the four houses will address Bowen Terrace, taking advantage of elevated views and the suburb’s established leafy streetscape.

<img alt="Fortis files Bowen Terrace, New Farm apartment plans" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Screenshot%202025-07-02%20at%2012.45.43%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=kPUTnNlrz4NpkGVcUPyOs14G1nskILyi" />

The project’s architecture embraces subtropical design principles, drawing on the character of traditional Queensland homes through verandahs, bay windows, and deep balconies. A U-shaped configuration surrounds a north-facing courtyard with a pool and wellness zones.

Following three rounds of community consultation, the design was refined to include greater setbacks and deep planting, with heritage assessments confirming minimal impact on the neighbouring Fingal House.

<h3>Where: Newstead 
Who: Frasers Property Australia</h3>

Development giant Frasers will launch its updated Newstead development to the market in 2026, after tweaking the plans for it to be more upmarket.

They will now bring around 70 apartments to the market across <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/19-chester-street-newstead-qld-4006">two 16-storey buildings</a> on a prime&nbsp;3,016 sqm site on the&nbsp;corner of Chester and Morse Street. There will also be three street-level terraces, a rarity so close to the popular James St retail precinct.

<img alt="Frasers" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="565ad08a-218d-4a82-849a-0c55d8cea473" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202025-12-16%20at%203.04.28%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=RwY2wOfqsXItXztL145VVKsWt9r8yPNQ" />

Frasers Property Development Director Jamisen Rivera said the upscale project felt like a natural progression following the delivery of luxury townhomes and apartments at Hamilton Reach.&nbsp;

“This rare site presented a unique opportunity to blend the blue-chip aspects of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/new-farm-qld-4005" target="">New Farm</a>&nbsp;with the urban excitement of Newstead’s thriving scene and is primely positioned to link two of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/brisbane-qld" target="">Brisbane</a>’s most iconic precincts, walkable to both James Street and The Gasworks,"&nbsp;Rivera said.

“Carefully curated by our experienced consultant team, the residences are as luxurious as they are diverse, with a mix of two-, three- and four-bedroom apartments designed to maximise the 360-degree views to the CBD,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/new-farm-qld-4005" target="">New Farm</a>, North&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/brisbane-qld" target="">Brisbane</a>&nbsp;and Hamilton Northshore, enhancing the living experience from the inside out.”&nbsp;

Brisbane’s top 10 new apartment developments coming to market in 2026

With just a few units left in its luxury Palm Beach apartment development La Belle,&nbsp;Marquee Development Partners is planning its next.

They are moving down The Esplanade, filing plans for 31 apartments on an amalgamated 1,236 sqm site at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/velare-444-448-the-esplanade-palm-beach-qld-4221">444–448 The Esplanade</a>, directly opposite the Palm Beach foreshore.

The family-owned developer, ran by Jacques Winterburn, has had&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/ellivo-architects">Ellivo Architects</a>&nbsp;design the nine-storey building that will comprise 15 two-bedroom apartments, 15 three-beds, and a four-bedroom penthouse.

<img alt="First look: Marquee Development Partners plans 31-unit beachfront apartment tower in Palm Beach" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="83c0ffe7-28f1-4ab2-93d2-99ca28f45f15" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/palm%20beach%20da%20podium.png?VersionId=x9pY7kEFJFlZfYa4G4RKtrKQZZ7gPFmZ" />

&nbsp;

A residents' lounge with work from home pods will sit on the first level, as will a gym, an alfresco deck with outdoor kitchen, and a lap pool with adjoining spa.

The building will sit next door to Solmare by Chanine Developments, which is set to launch soon, as well as the Casablanca Palms on the Beach resort.

Marquee is on track to deliver its 11th Gold Coast project, with La Belle slated for completion in late 2026. Only four-bedroom apartments remain in the 75-unit development. Marquee has delivered several central Gold Coast projects around Surfers Paradise and Chevron Island, but in recent years has shifted its focus to the southern end of the coast, completing Palm Beach Residences, Northshore Palm Beach, and SOL and Monterey at Kirra.

&nbsp;

First look: Marquee plots latest Palm Beach apartment development

Wages

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<div>EXPERT OBSERVER</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Plenty of people bemoaned the record low nominal growth in Australia's wage price index in calendar year 2019, myself included.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Through a prolonged period of high levels of immigration the workforce has clearly become more casualised, and there's been widespread underutilisation as well as wage theft. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>On the other hand, the latest average weekly earnings figures show that there are still plenty of dollars sloshing around some parts of the economy. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Over the year to November 2019 there was +3.3 per cent growth in average weekly earnings, driven by solid +3.4 per cent growth for full-time employees in the private sector.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>That's well ahead of the rate of inflation of about +1.8 per cent. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Full-time ordinary time earnings for males increased by +3.2 per cent, which is plenty better than some of the numbers we've seen for men in recent years (while the equivalent figure for females was robust at +3.5 per cent):</div>
 
<div class="separator"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SyB2L8bRUVA/Xk-vRpxsMqI/AAAAAAAA0XE/Lrn-C_wEfMMYQdySez7wuAk_1sGGaTOBQCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/A1.jpg" width="640" height="368" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="1404"></div>
 
<div>For average total male earnings there was very solid growth in Victoria (+5.5 per cent) in particular, as well as in New South Wales (+3.8 per cent). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In the mining boom glory years male workers drew in extremely strong rates of pay in the Top End - I even lived in Darwin myself for a short time - but those days have long gone, and many workers are leaving the Northern Territory as gravity and mean reversion take hold. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>You can click on the below chart to see how male full-time total earnings have progressed over time by state and territory, with the impact of the end of the mining construction boom in evidence for the resources state figures:</div>
 
<div class="separator"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LpcNpSshjJY/Xk-vRkHSG3I/AAAAAAAA0XI/zeb15JHAWVYEvQdg4c7c9SS3fPKL6JzKgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/A2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LpcNpSshjJY/Xk-vRkHSG3I/AAAAAAAA0XI/zeb15JHAWVYEvQdg4c7c9SS3fPKL6JzKgCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/A2.jpg" width="640" height="384" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="1371"></a></div>
Sector trends
<div>Overall, average weekly earnings increased by +3.2 per cent over the year to November 2019 to a new high of $1,659, which was a stronger result than the +2.5 per cent seen a year earlier.  </div>
<img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-spjyzBpAnJg/Xk-vRtX1rBI/AAAAAAAA0XM/ri4qmweXsLQdjer9sPAvNXGfMAHXfkgXgCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/AWE.jpg" width="640" height="636" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="814">
<div>Thus while growth in the wage price index has been benign, it's clear that some earners and sectors have been faring reasonably well. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Higher income earners may include healthcare specialists, construction workers and project managers, engineers, and some of those in tech roles...especially employees based in Melbourne and Sydney. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Indeed, construction topped the industry sectors for adult ordinary time earnings in 2019, with major infrastructure projects seeing some big pay packets being offered, including in inner-city Brisbane. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of AllenWargent property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogger</a>.
</div>
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

Important market trends investors should keep an eye on: Pete Wargent

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GUEST OBSAERVATION
Australian economists narrowly back a wage freeze in the minimum wage case now before the <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/awards-agreements/minimum-wages-conditions/annual-wage-reviews/annual-wage-review-2019-20#field-content-0-heading">Fair Work Commission</a>, a freeze that could flow through to millions of Australians on awards and affect the wages of millions more through the enterprise bargaining process.
The annual case is in its final stages after having begun before the coronavirus crisis and been extended to take account of its implications.
In its submission, the Australian government called for a “<a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/wage-reviews/2019-20/submissions/ausgov-sub-awr1920.pdf">cautious approach</a>”, prioritising the need to keep Australians in jobs and maintain the viability of businesses.
The minimum wage was last frozen in <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/sites/afpc2009wagereview/documents/afpc2009wsd2.pdf">2009</a> amid concern about unemployment during the global financial crisis.
The Economic Society of Australia and The Conversation polled 42 of Australia’s leading economists in the fields of microeconomics, macroeconomics, economic modelling and public policy.
Among them were former and current government advisers, a former and current member of the Reserve Bank board, and a former head of the Australian Fair Pay Commission.
Each was asked whether they agreed, disagreed, or strongly agreed or strongly disagreed with this proposition:
A freeze in the minimum wage will support Australia’s economic recovery
Each was asked to rate the confidence they had in their opinion, and to provide reasons, which are published in full in The Conversation.
Half of those surveyed – 21 out of 42 – backed the proposition, seven of them “strongly”.
Nineteen disagreed, seven strongly. Two were undecided.
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/339992/original/file-20200605-176538-1b2nkb2.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="">
The Conversation, <a class="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">CC BY-ND</a>
The minimum adult wage is <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements/minimum-wages-conditions/national-minimum-wage-orders">A$19.49 per hour</a>.
There was agreement among most of those surveyed that, in normal times, normal increases in the minimum wage have little impact on employment – a view backed by <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2018/sep/the-effect-of-minimum-wage-increases-on-wages-hours-worked-and-job-loss">Australian</a> and <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00723.x">international</a> research.
But several of those surveyed pointed out that these are not normal times.
Bad times for employers…
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gigi-foster-194/articles">Gigi Foster</a> said many businesses were operating closer to the margin of profitability than ever before, and were likely to stay that way for many months.
<a href="https://esacentral.org.au/news/16047/rana-roy/?type_fr=369">Rana Roy</a> quoted one the pioneers of modern economics, <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Robinson">Joan Robinson</a>, as observing in 1962 that the misery of being exploited by capitalists was “nothing compared to the misery of not being exploited at all”.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-freebairn-90/articles">John Freebairn</a> argued that a freeze of labour costs, together with very low expected inflation, could provide a key element of certainty in the uncertain world facing households, businesses and governments.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/robert-breunig-167291/articles">Robert Breunig</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tony-makin-140508/articles">Tony Makin</a> suggested that with prices stable or possibly falling, a freeze in the minimum wage might cost workers little or nothing in terms of purchasing power.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/guay-lim-103128/articles">Guay Lim</a> and several others said if the government wanted the economic stimulus that would come from an increase in the minimum wage, it had other ways of bringing it about without making conditions more difficult for employers.
…and bad times for workers
Those supporting an increase saw it as a way to bolster consumer confidence and redress unusually weak worker bargaining power.
Wage growth before the coronavirus hit was historically low at <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6345.0">close to 2%</a>, an outcome so weak for so long that in <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/wage-reviews/2018-19/decisions/2019fwcfb3501.pdf">2018</a> and <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/sites/wagereview2018/decisions/2018fwcfb3500-summary.pdf">2019</a> the Commission awarded much bigger increases in the minimum wage, arguing employers could afford them.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-morley-9918/articles">James Morley</a> was concerned that a freeze in the minimum wage would “mostly just lock in” inflation expectations that were already too low.
<a href="http://www.appliedeconomics.com.au/people/">Peter Abelson</a> said labour productivity rose with respect for workers and fell with disrespect. A wage freeze would disrespect workers.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/saul-eslake-665/articles">Saul Eslake</a> proposed a middle way, deferring a decision rather than granting no increase. He said the increase that was eventually granted should do no more than keep pace with inflation.
The economists were asked to rate their confidence in their responses on a scale of 1 to 10.
Unweighted for confidence, 45.3% of those surveyed opposed a wage freeze. When weighted for (relatively weak) confidence, opposition fell to 43.5%.
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/339993/original/file-20200605-176546-1u10d49.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="">The Conversation, <a class="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">CC BY-ND</a>
Unweighted for confidence, half of those surveyed supported the proposition that a freeze in the minimum wage would assist Australia’s economic recovery.
Weighted for confidence, support grew to 51.6%
The Fair Work Commission is required to complete its review by the <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/wage-reviews/2019-20/decisions/2020fwcfb1804.docx">end of this month</a>.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/140163/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/peter-martin-682709">Peter Martin</a>, Visiting Fellow, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/crawford-school-of-public-policy-australian-national-university-3292">Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University</a>.
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/economists-back-wage-freeze-21-19-in-new-economic-society-conversation-survey-140163">original article</a>.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Australian economists narrowly backing wage freeze

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
The October Labour Force Survey surprised with a 19.0k decline in employment; the market median was for a 15k gain while the lowest forecast in the range was +7k.
And just a day earlier there was a disappointing update on wages.
While the rise in the September quarter Wage Price Index (WPI) was on market expectations at 0.5% it was below our forecast as we had been hoping that a combination of stronger wages growth in Victoria and the 3%yr rise in the minimum wage would have fed through to broader wage increases. That it has not, and now with signs the labour market is weakening, our forecast for a trend rising in unemployment suggests this is about as good as it will get for wages.
Wednesday saw the release of the wages update and while there were some signs of (fading) wage pressure, particularly in Victoria, we were disappointed to see that these wage pressures had not spread further. In the last year the average quarterly rise in the WPI was 0.6% but this is a soft 0.6% with rounding as the quarterly prints were 0.5% (Q4 2018), 0.6% (Q1 2019), then 0.5% in Q2 and Q3.  In September the annual rate eased a touch to 2.2% from 2.3%, a pace it had held for previous four quarters and was, at best, a very modest acceleration from the low of 1.9% in 2017.
It is true that public sector wages are running a bit faster; in the quarter the annual pace eased to 2.5%yr from 2.6%yr in the June quarter, which was the fastest pace since December 2015. However, the weight for public sector wages is not large enough to change the overall picture, with private sector wages matching total wages - the annual pace for private wages easing to 2.2%yr from 2.3%yr in the June. The 2.4%yr pace in March 2019 was the fastest pace of private sector wage inflation since December 2014. 
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/OctNov2019/LFWagesPubPriv.JPG" alt="">
The state data did reveal some insights into wage dynamics but it also highlighted some significant questions. Much has been made of higher wage inflation in Victoria and how that it is associated with larger pay rises in the public sector, particularly for health workers. While it is true that health workers wage inflation is running faster in Victoria than the national average (4.3%yr vs 2.1% nationally and 3.0%yr NSW), this does not explain why construction, wholesale, accommodation &amp; food services, transport, media, and professional &amp; scientific services are also running at a faster pace than those industries' national averages.
In the end, Victorian private sector wages are running above the national average at 2.5%yr. Compare this to the 2.1%yr pace in NSW, 2.0% in Qld and 1.8% in WA. The only state with a faster pace of private sector wage inflation was SA at 2.6%yr.
As such, Westpac argues that the recent lift in wage inflation in Victoria was more to do with a tightening of labour market conditions there than outsized public sector wage gains. Victorian underutilisation fell almost 3ppt from early 2017 to early 2019. With a lag of around 6 months, this tightening in the labour market should lead a lift in wage inflation and, as expected, it did so from June 2017 with wage inflation lifting from 1.9%yr to a peak of 2.6%yr in June 2019.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/OctNov2019/LFWagesUnderState.JPG" alt="">
The real question in our mind is why NSW wages have not responded in the same way they have in Victoria. Underutilisation was never as high in NSW as it was in Victoria (14% vs. 16%) and it has fallen to an even lower level currently (12% vs. 13%) and yet the best wages could do in NSW was lift from a low of 1.9%yr in 2016 to a peak of 2.3%yr in March 2019.
With wages in NSW responding to earlier tight labour market conditions, and growth turning, employment growth has started to soften, and with robust participation, unemployment is expected to drift higher both nationally and, in particular, in NSW.
This puts at risk Westpac’s current forecast of wage inflation drifting modestly higher from here -  peaking around 2.4%yr in 2020/2021, and given how well contained wage inflation is across the nation, and between sectors, this modest uplift  now looks optimistic. Note that the RBA recently lowered their forecast for the WPI in the November SMP (released prior to this week's WPI print). The RBA sees annual wages growth holding at just 2.3% through the forecast horizon.
The wage update was followed by the October Labour Force survey which highlighted the risk of softer employment growth, and rising unemployment (and underemployment). The 19.0k decline in employment was a significant surprise (market median +15k) as was that most of this decline was accounted for in NSW (–10.3k).
However, the more meaningful data point was the 0.1ppt rise in the unemployment rate to 5.3%. While participation eased as you would expect with a weak employment print, 66.0% from 66.1%, the unemployment rate still bumped up to 5.3% (5.32% at two decimal places) from 5.2%.
Our expectation has been for the unemployment rate to rise. That is despite an easing in the female participation rate, but that easing will be insufficient to offset the softer growth in employment.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/OctNov2019/LFWagesPartRate.JPG" alt="">
Further pressure on the unemployment rate will come from a still robust participation rate amongst males.
Overall the interaction between our employment growth forecasts and participation outlook points to a lift to 5.6% in the unemployment rate by mid 2020.
Of further significance in the October Labour Force Survey was the jump in the underemployment rate to 8.5% (8.52% at two decimal places) from 8.3%. It was 8.54% back in August and the October update strengthens the trend drift higher in underemployment. This month there was a contraction in both full-time and part-time employment (–10.3k full-time and –8.7k respectively) driving a 0.2% decline in hours worked. This highlights a fundamental weakness in the report that is driving underemployment higher.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/OctNov2019/LFWgesWunemp.JPG" alt="">
This trend drift higher in underemployment, and the slower pace of gains in hours worked compared to total employment (1.4%yr vs. 2.0%yr), reinforces the observation of the broader slack in the labour market slack beyond the 5.3% unemployment rate.
We do, however, acknowledge the month to month volatility in the labour force survey and while the October update was weaker than anticipated, it was not enough to change our view that the labour market is softening gradually which will drive a modest rise in unemployment and underemployment. Our leading indicators of employment are suggesting that the annual pace should be somewhere around 2.0%yr. The current pace is 2.0%yr and it is our forecast for it to slow to around 1%yr in mid-2020.
The Australian economy is a long way away from the RBA’s full employment aim of 4.5% and if the RBA wants to use monetary policy to drive the economy in that direction, it has a lot more work to do. However, the gradual pace of the deterioration will allow the RBA time to monitor the economy before having to act again.
In our view, while rate cuts along with the Government’s tax offset payments should help to support demand, we think it will be insufficient to get economic growth moving back to trend or above in 2020. As such we see employment growth continuing to moderate in early 2020 and expect that the resulting decline in participation will provide only a partial offset. We hold to our view that unemployment is likely to hit 5.6% by mid-2020 and see clear downside risks to our forecast for a modest lift in wage inflation.
JUSTIN SMIRK is ‎a senior economist for Westpac 
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Australian wages run out of puff just as the labour market starts to soften: Justin Smirk

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GUEST OBSERVATION
The most obvious reason for wage stagnation is the decline in unionisation over the past three decades. But you won’t hear that from government economists. 
Wages growth for Australian workers is among the worst in the industrialised world. For more than <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/jun/pdf/wages-growth-by-pay-setting-method.pdf" target="_blank">a third</a> of workers on individual contracts, wages aren’t growing at all.
This is odd, given Australia is in a “<a href="/news">record</a>” 28th year of economic growth with apparently <a href="/news">low unemployment</a> and a supposedly <a href="http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/josh-frydenberg-2018/speeches/budget-speech-2019-20" target="_blank">strong economy</a>.
Government economists have floated a range of reasons, from blaming workers not changing jobs enough to caps on public-service salaries. But the most obvious factor is the loss of worker power due to the decline in unionisation over the past three decades.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/288130/original/file-20190815-136208-8bizez.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/288130/original/file-20190815-136208-8bizez.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a> 
Looking for alternative answers
Low wage growth is a problem in most industrialised countries, but since 2013 Australia’s nominal wage growth has been less than half the OECD average, <a href="https://www.adelaide.edu.au/press/titles/wages-crisis" target="_blank">according to Jim Stanford</a> at the Australia Institute’s Centre for Future Work.
Last year Stanford co-edited a book on <a href="https://www.adelaide.edu.au/press/titles/wages-crisis" target="_blank">the wages crisis in Australia</a>, to which I contributed. In the book’s third chapter, <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/stephen-kinsella-420480" target="_blank">Stephen Kinsella</a> and John Howe declare “the erosion of workers’ rights is the most consequential, and actionable, factor behind the stagnation of wages in Australia”.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/291398/original/file-20190909-175714-1v8zsnh.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/291398/original/file-20190909-175714-1v8zsnh.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Percentage of workforce covered by collective agreements. OECD Database on Union Coverage
But some government economists seem to be struggling to recognise this.
In July, a deputy secretary of Treasury instead pointed to the problem of workers not <a href="https://www.themandarin.com.au/111952-whats-driving-low-wages-growth-in-australia/" target="_blank">switching jobs enough</a> as warranting “further attention”.
It was as if, somehow, workers had collectively but separately decided not to apply for higher paying jobs, and this was a cause rather than an effect of lower worker power.
Last month the Reserve Bank governor, Philip Lowe, told the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics that <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2019/sp-gov-2019-08-09" target="_blank">caps on public-sector wage increases</a> were part of the problem. This suggests the bank recognises there is an institutional element to the issue, though low wage growth is not just a public-sector problem.
Reserve blank
In April, the Reserve Bank <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/confs/2019/" target="_blank">held a conference</a> on low wages growth.
One of the papers, by staff in the Reserve Bank’s Economic Research Department, <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/2019/pdf/rdp2019-02.pdf" target="_blank">found</a> that union membership declines “are unlikely to account for much of the recent low wages growth”.
This finding was odd, because for decades economists have been <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001979398203500306" target="_blank">writing about</a> how <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1803398.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A5929b5c17d3b431fedbb6fe8909fdc00" target="_blank">unions have raised wages</a>, and how union decline is a factor in <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0003122411414817" target="_blank">rising inequality</a>.
In the past, Reserve Bank officials have complained that unions were too effective. In 1997, for example, the bank’s deputy governor worried about there being “<a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/1997/sp-dg-050997" target="_blank">excessive wage demands</a>”.
The paper from the bank’s Economic Research Department is based on analysing statistics from the federal government’s Workplace Agreements Database. It’s a very good database, but it does not contain data on union density (membership as a proportion of employment). So it cannot be used to test if declining union density is affecting wage outcomes.
Union density is <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2296441.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A9304cd89d9549e806cbf33cc19465ec" target="_blank">far from being</a> a perfect measure of union power, but it is better than the proxies the paper uses.
In lieu of considering union density, the paper bases its conclusion on finding there has been no decline in the share of enterprise agreements negotiated with union involvement. It also finds wages in union agreements have continued to grow faster than wages in non-union agreements.
Neither of these findings proves wage stagnation is unconnected to declining union density. They only show that employees have even less bargaining power when they aren’t unionised.
We need stronger evidence than this to overturn decades of research showing unions raised wages.
Labour market monopsony
That said, the decline in union density is not the only issue. Changes to industrial relations laws have also made it harder for unions to obtain wage increases. Modelling the effects of such things is even harder for economists.
Research overseas points to local labour markets being <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w23108.pdf" target="_blank">increasingly dominated</a> by a small number of employers. The US National Bureau of Economic Research suggests wages in more concentrated labour markets are <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w24147.pdf" target="_blank">17% lower</a> than wages in less concentrated labour markets.
Tacit or explicit agreements between employers to not poach workers, and “non-compete” clauses being forced on even <a href="https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-case-against-non-competes/">low-skilled workers</a>, also shift power from employees to employers.
As the late Princeton University economist Alan Krueger <a href="https://www.kansascityfed.org/%7E/media/files/publicat/sympos/2018/papersandhandouts/824180824kruegerremarks.pdf?la=en" target="_blank">pointed out last year</a>, monopsony power – the power of buyers (employers) when there are only a few – has probably always existed in labour markets “but the forces that traditionally counterbalanced monopsony power and boosted worker bargaining power have eroded in recent decades”.
So yes, there are a number of reasons why workers have less power, and why wages growth is weaker, than in the past. Among them, though, we cannot ignore the critical fall in union bargaining power.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/122041/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
David Peetz, Professor of Employment Relations, Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing, Griffith University.
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/theres-an-obvious-reason-wages-arent-growing-but-you-wont-hear-it-from-treasury-or-the-reserve-bank-122041" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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There’s an obvious reason wages aren’t growing, but you won’t hear it from Treasury or the Reserve Bank: David Peetz

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The July Labour Force Survey was a robust update on employment (+41.1k) but with participation hitting a new record high at the same time, unemployment remained sticky at 5.2%. Given this strength in participation, even if employment growth continued to outperform expectations from here, it is hard to see unemployment getting down to 5% any time soon, let alone getting down to the RBA’s natural rate of 4.5%.
This matters for wages, even more so given that the underemployment rate (those who are working who desire and are able to work more hours) didn’t improve as much as unemployment did through 2018. Underemployment was trending higher earlier this year compared to unemployment until the surprise drop in June. But in July, underemployment bumped higher to 8.4%, still better than 8.6% in May but this lift did lock in a trend drift higher.
Given rising participation and rising underemployment, we were not surprised to see another soft wages update from the June quarter Wage Price Index (WPI). In the June quarter the WPI lifted 0.6% vs market expectations for a 0.5% rise and up slightly from the 0.5% rise in the March quarter. This held the annual rate flat at 2.3%yr which is a modest lift from the low of 1.9% in 2017 but can hardly be described as a breakneck pace.
The June quarter wage print was 0.61% at two decimal places with a 0.54% rise in private sector wage rates and a very solid 0.82% rise in public sector wages, the largest quarterly rise in public sector wages since Q1 2014. But this followed the smallest quarterly rise in public sector wages since March 2000 of 0.45% in the March quarter, highlighting greater than normal volatility in this series.
The ABS noted that in the June survey, the most significant contribution to wage growth in the public sector component came from health care and social assistance, with Victoria reporting a number of large increases as employees there had their pay adjusted to ensure wage parity with other states.
Victorian public sector wages grew 1.5%, there was a more average rise in Queensland of 0.5% while NSW reported a below average increase of 0.2%. In the year to June, public sector wages have been growing at 2.6%yr.
Contrast the lift in public wages against the flattening pace in private sector wages. Private sector wages printed a rise of 0.54% in each of the last two quarters seeing the annual pace ease back to 2.3%yr from 2.4%yr in March which was the fastest pace since December 2014.
Overall, we have to admit the pace of growth in private sector wages has been very disappointing. We have found that private sector wages have a good relationship with underutilisation (unemployment plus underutilisation) with a lag of around two quarters.
Which then leads to an ongoing conundrum: why are wages growing so slowly in NSW, the state that previously had underutilsation that was well below the national average (thus the tightest labour market) since the second half of 2015?
Contrast this with WA, the state that has had the highest rate of underutilisation and is now experiencing well below average wage outcomes. Yet wages in the state of Victoria have been more responsive to changes in labour market conditions.
The recent modest acceleration in the pace of wages growth in Victoria to 2.9% maps nicely against the decline in underutilisation from late 2016 to early 2018. Since the second half of 2018 underutilisation has started to drift higher again suggesting the acceleration in wage inflation should moderate in Victoria (excluding any effect from public sector wage equalisation) as we move through 2019.
It is a puzzle as to why NSW wages have underperformed the tightness in labour market conditions, so we can't be confident how far labour market tightness in Victoria will lift wages. We also have to take care when considering how much of the Victorian pressure on wages will be passed onto other states.
Read the full report: <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/file/Australia/2019/August/er20190819BullLabourForce.pdf" target="_blank">'Australian July Labour Force' (PDF 179kb)</a>
JUSTIN SMIRK is ‎a senior economist for Westpac 
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Employment remains robust but unemployment and wages are unmoved: Justin Smirk

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The June quarter has brought a very modest lift in wage inflation.
In the quarter the Wage Price Index (WPI) lifted 0.6% vs market expectation for a 0.5% rise and up slightly from the 0.5% rise in the March quarter. This held the annual rate flat at 2.3%yr which is a modest lift from the low of 1.9% in 2017 but can hardly be described as a breakneck pace.
We still expect wage inflation to drift higher from here - our forecasts have it peaking around 2¾%yr in 2020 - but given how well contained wage inflation is across the nation, and between sectors, even this modest increase looks optimistic and the risks to this forecast remain more to the downside than upside.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%201.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%201.jpg" alt="">
In the March quarter, total hourly wages ex bonuses rose 0.6% compared to a market median (and Westpac) expectation for 0.5%.
The print was 0.61% at two decimal places with a 0.54% rise in private sector wage rates and a very solid 0.82% rise in public sector wages, the largest quarterly rise in public sector wages since Q1 2014.
But it should be noted that this followed the smallest quarterly rise in public sector wages since March 2000 of 0.45% rise in the last quarter highlighting a bit more volatility in this series than what is normally the case. It appears that state governments have released the purse strings, a little, for wages.
In the quarter, the largest increase in public sector wages was in Victoria (1.5%) with a more average rise in Queensland (0.5%) and a below average rise in NSW (0.2%).
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%202.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%202.jpg" alt="">
Private sector wages printed 0.54% in the last two quarters. The annual pace eased back to 2.3% from 2.4% as the March 2018 quarter print of 0.55%, the fastest pace since December 2014, dropped out of the equation.
Public sector wage inflation lifted a little to 2.6% from 2.4% over the year to be back on par with the recent peak of 2.6% in September 2018.
So while an annual pace of wages growth of 2.3% is a modest lift from the 2.1% held from December 2017 to September 2018 which, in itself, was an improvement from the record low of 1.9% in the four quarters before 2017 Q3, it does not suggest any reason to suspect a “wages breakout” is hiding in the wings as wage inflation is well contained and remains under the historical average.
Since 2018, Westpac watched the rapid fall in the Victorian unemployment rate, and because of this, we have been looking an acceleration in Victorian wage inflation.
In the June quarter, Victorian wages lifted 0.7%, stronger than the 0.5% gain in March but a moderation from the 0.8% gain in both Q3 and Q4 of 2018.
The annual pace of Victorian wage inflation has lifted to 2.9% - the fastest pace by any state and the fastest pace in that state since September 2013.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%203.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%203.jpg" alt="">
Contrast that with NSW, where wage inflation was flat at 2.3%yr. Here there has been a longer history of a tighter labour market and yet it has failed to generate wage inflation as it has in Victoria.
We are closely watching how far the lift in Victorian wages extends. If it continues into 2020, it should lead to modest wages pressures in other states (particularly in NSW) as employers start competing for labour.
But we would not overstate this as we expect the overall impact to be modest given that the improvement in the national labour market, as measured by the fall in underutilisation, has not been as significant as it is has been in Victoria.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%204.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%204.jpg" alt="">
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%205.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%205.jpg" alt="">
Private sector wages including bonuses continues to run at a faster pace than the measure excluding bonuses (2.4%yr vs 2.3%yr respectively) but the pace has slowed from a recent peak of 2.7% in Q4 2018.
The faster pace growth of growth in variable compensation, which tends to be positively correlated with the economic cycle, was pointing to some upside risk for wages.
However, as the pace of economic activity slows, this modest pressure is easing, suggesting the pressure on variable compensation is unlikely to be transferred to fixed compensation.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%206.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%206.jpg" alt="">
By industry, the fastest gains in wages are still in what we consider to be non-cyclical sectors such as heath care (3.3%yr), arts &amp; recreation (2.8%yr), public administration (2.5%yr), education &amp; training, other services and professional &amp; scientific (last three all on 2.4%yr).
The slowest wage growth remains in the cyclical industries such as wholesale trade (1.7%yr), retail trade and construction (both 1.9%yr) with manufacturing at just 2.0%yr.
Even in mining, where there is talk of a modest recovery in investment and talk of emerging shortages of skilled labour, wages are growing just 2.2%yr.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/8/14/wage%207.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/8/14/wage%207.jpg" alt="">
Overall, today’s WPI print is a disappointing update and one that will make us take a closer look at our forecast for wage inflation to get back to around 2¾%yr in 2020.
Click here to see the <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/file/Australia/2019/August/Q2Wages-FI.pdf" target="_blank">full chart pack</a>.
JUSTIN SMIRK is ‎a senior economist for Westpac,
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Wage inflation modest, but upside surprise does not change weak fundamentals: Justin Smirk 

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
It is true that wage inflation has lifted off its record low of 1.9%yr in June 2017 but running at a 2.3%yr at March 2019 it can hardly be described as running at a breakneck pace. We expect wage inflation to drift higher from here - our forecasts have it peaking around 2.75%yr in 2020 - but given how well contained the wage inflation is across the nation, and between sectors, even this modest increase looks optimistic with the risks to this forecast more to the downside than upside.
In the March quarter, total hourly wages ex bonuses rose 0.5% compared to a market median (and Westpac) expectation for 0.6%. The print was 0.54% at two decimal places with a 0.54% rise in private sectors wage rates and a smaller 0.45% rise in public wages - the smallest quarterly rise in public sector wages since March 2000. It appears that state governments, where revenues are under pressure from declining stamp duty collection, are pushing back against rising wage costs.
Private sector wages printed 0.54% in the last two quarters, but with base effects, the annual pace did drift a little higher to 2.4%yr - the fastest pace since December 2014 but still not exciting. Public sector wage inflation eased to 2.4%yr from a recent peak of 2.6%yr in September 2018, and on current trends, is likely to continue to moderate from here.
An annual pace of wages growth of 2.3%yr is a modest lift from the 2.1%yr pace it held from December 2017 to September 2018 which, in itself, was a very modest improvement from the record low of 1.9%yr in the four quarters before 2017 Q3. So while it is clear that wages have picked up a little and are off the record lows wage inflation is well contained and holding under the historical average.
Since 2018, Westpac watched the rapid fall in the Victorian unemployment rate, and because of this, we are now looking for signs of an acceleration in wage inflation there. In the March quarter, Victorian wages lifted 0.5%qtr, a moderation from the 0.8% gain in Q4, but with base effects, the annual pace was flat at 2.7%yr - the fastest pace by any state and the fastest pace in that state since December 2014.
JUSTIN SMIRK is ‎a senior economist for Westpac.
You can read the  full report here: <a href="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/file/Australia/2019/May/Wages-FIQ12019.pdf" target="_blank">WPI First Impressions pdf 390kb</a>.
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

The economic data around wages continues to disappoint: Westpac's Justin Smirk  

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Power imbalances are doing far more to change the way we work than are apps.
With all the hype around the future of work, you could be forgiven for thinking the biggest issue in the future of employment is the impending takeover of your job by a robot or an algorithm.
Talk about the workplace of the future has become fixated on technological displacement almost to the point of hysteria. There is little doubt that technological development will change the way we work, as it has in the past.
But for most Australians the reality will be much less dramatic. The biggest changes in the working lives of Australians over the past 20 years have arguably not been technological – few of us are sending our avatars to meetings or writing code.
Many of us are, however, lamenting the paradox of feeling overworked yet, at the same time, insecure in our employment. A significant proportion contend with <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-20/reserve-bank-philip-lowe-warns-of-low-wage-growth-impact/10515756" target="_blank">record low wages growth</a>. Others remain <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6202.0main+features10September%202018" target="_blank">less than fully employed</a>.
Some will say that the rate of insecure or non-permanent work has remained fairly constant over the past two decades. This belies the lived experience of workers. They have repeatedly been found to perceive their connections to the workplace and labour market as <a href="http://library.bsl.org.au/jspui/bitstream/1/2111/1/Shifting-Risk-report.pdf" target="_blank">precarious</a> and <a href="https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/theausinstitute/pages/2807/attachments/original/1528337971/Insecure_Work_Factbook.pdf?1528337971" target="_blank">laden with personal risk</a>.
Power has been shifting
The changes have often involved the fragmentation or <a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674975446&amp;content=reviews" target="_blank">fissuring of work</a> through outsourcing, global supply chains, independent contracting, labour hire and digital labour platforms.
But there has been more to it than the tweaking of business practices. The relationship between business and the state has been subject to a fundamental realignment.
Since the industrial relations changes in the early 1990s, which moved the setting of wages and conditions away from centralised institutions towards the workplace, the locus of power in the labour market has undergone substantial recalibration.
Collective representation of workers has declined sharply. This is <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2017/mar/pdf/bu-0317-2-insights-into-low-wage-growth-in-australia.pdf" target="_blank">recognised</a> as contributing to the wage stagnation being felt in Australia and other rich nations.
A 2018 article in <a href="https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2018/05/31/if-wages-are-to-rise-workers-need-more-bargaining-power" target="_blank">The Economist</a> acknowledged this, noting that while politicians were scrambling for scapegoats and solutions, addressing stagnant wages required “a better understanding of the relationship between pay, productivity and power”.
A crucial aspect of understanding this relationship is recognising the impact that business consolidation has had. It has not only changed the experience of work, but also altered the balance of power between businesses and workers and between some businesses and other businesses.
The ascendance of global monoliths − such as Walmart, Amazon, Apple and Uber (and the big retailers and e-tailers in Australia) – has resulted in organisations that wield enormous economic and cultural power. This has led not only to a reduction in worker power but also to the creation of a crushingly competitive environment for the businesses that have to contend with contract terms dictated by the corporate giants.
What has been the result of the combination of changing business models, reconfigured institutions and the onslaught of business consolidation?
We have seen hyper-competition based on low labour costs, management approaches that skirt worker protection laws, and weaker regulatory oversight.
It has manifested in almost weekly scandals regarding sham contracting, exploitation of workers and what appears to be an epidemic of underpayment in a roll call of some of Australia’s most “successful” companies, among them <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-stop-businesses-stealing-from-their-employees-83363" target="_blank">7-Eleven</a>, <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Education_and_Employment/AvoidanceofFairWork/Report" target="_blank">Caltex</a> and <a href="https://www.mwji.org/highlights/2017/11/14/report-released-wage-theft-in-australia-findings-of-the-national-temporary-migrant-work-survey" target="_blank">Domino’s</a>) .
We can shift it back
The policy prescription to remedy the scourge of work insecurity and exploitation is decidedly unsexy. It goes against the zeitgeist that seems to suggest that any change that disrupts an existing system, rule or institution should be hailed as “innovative” and be uncontested.
It requires some reflection and the rebirth of aspects of our industrial relations system that have been lost but have redeeming features.
Key among these old-fashioned remedies is the encouragement of workers and employers to organise and recentralise bargaining.
A stated aim of the federal <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1904A00013" target="_blank">Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904</a> was “to facilitate and encourage the organisation of representative bodies of employers and of employees”.
Granted, back then the act was also about keeping industrial peace by preventing lockouts and strikes. This is no longer much of an issue in our era of record low industrial action. But, in the current context of fragmented work, it is unrealistic to expect individual employers and employees to engage in endless rounds of labour-intensive productivity bargaining, with little to show for it.
The economies of scale that were part of a centralised system were lost when workplace-based bargaining system took over. These could be regained, to the advantage of both employees and employers.
While that policy prescription looks similar to the original Conciliation and Arbitration system, the rationale behind it differs markedly.
No longer would it be simply about addressing the power dynamics between employers and employees. It would also be about addressing the inequitable power dynamics between mega-corporations and businesses subjected to their might.
A challenge for left and right
Arguments relating to the need for flexibility and regulatory reform, which were the basis of the 1990s decentralisation, were not without merit. Global competition was accelerating and there was a real concern that the Australian economy would not be able to keep pace. So greater agency was given <a href="https://www.accc.gov.au/speech/australia%E2%80%99s-experience-driving-economic-growth-through-competition-policy-reforms" target="_blank">to businesses so they could adjust and lift productivity</a>.
But we are now living in very different times. Neither excessive industrial action nor the spectre of poor productivity looms. It is neither intellectually or politically honest to use these as a basis for opposing proposals to recentralising bargaining.
Also, we need to acknowledge that the biggest beneficiaries of the disaggregation introduced in the early 1990s were the biggest businesses.
A more centralised system could allow employers and employees to combine their power to counter competitive pressures from mega-corporations that want to reduce labour standards. They have facilitated toxic workplace practices, including intensive surveillance, unrealistic performance expectations, avoidance of entitlements and exploitation of workers further down supply chains.
Constructing an industrial relations framework that tackles the insecurity that is being experienced now and the further insecurity that may be wrought by technological change is potentially confronting for both sides of the ideological divide.
Elements on the left may be reluctant to acknowledge that not all businesses are the same, that some are being squashed by the structure of the market. Some on the right might not be prepared to concede that the bright idea of the 1990s – reducing union influence and worker voices – has succeeded so well as to create perverse and economically unhelpful outcomes.
Both sides need to lift their gaze above the workplace. They need to recognise that earlier reforms are no longer the right ones now, admit that individual business might not be the best level at which to manage the technological change, and acknowledge where the new power lies, then act accordingly.
Sarah Kaine, Associate Professor UTS Centre for Business and Social Innovation, University of Technology Sydney
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-workplace-challenge-facing-australia-spoiler-alert-its-not-technology-111492" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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The workplace challenge facing Australia (spoiler alert – it’s not technology)

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Hospitality workers, pensioners and minimum wage earners are being crippled by rental stress in metropolitan areas across Australia, according to the May Rental Affordability Index (RAI).
The RAI is a price index for housing rental markets released biannually by National Shelter, Community Sector Banking and SGS Economics &amp; Planning. It’s an indicator of rental affordability relative to household incomes.
The latest RAI found Hobart has overtaken Sydney to become the least affordable capital city in Australia, followed by Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Canberra and Perth.
Unaffordability for very low-income households is most severe in Sydney and Canberra, where median incomes are well above the national average.
“The latest Rental Affordability Index shows the rental crisis continues. Financial stress, overcrowding and insecurity are the everyday reality of working families,” Ellen Witte, Partner at SGS Economics and Planning said.
Adrian Pisarski, Executive Officer at National Shelter said that while there has been some slight improvement in some capitals, the situation has not improved at all for low income households. “For households below the median income rental affordability remains a real problem while for households on moderate and low wages and benefits we have a genuine crisis in rental affordability,” Pisarski said.
“The latest RAI shows the serious need for a national housing plan – without action, lower income earners will be forced from our cities and capitals like Sydney will lose vital workers, like those in hospitality,” said Andrew Cairns, CEO of Community Sector Banking.
Conny Lenneberg, Executive Director of the Brotherhood of St. Laurence, said the data reflected the struggles of low income renters the Brotherhood worked with in outer suburbs of major cities and regional areas.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%201.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%201.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/5/23/TABLE%201.jpg" alt=""></a>
This is the first release of the Rental Affordability Index since the Brotherhood of St. Laurence joined SGS Economics &amp; Planning, National Shelter and Community Sector Banking as a sponsor.
“This study shows the depths of the housing crisis facing Australian renters on low incomes,” Lenneberg said. “People are facing deep challenges securing affordable housing in the private rental market, pushed further and further away from the areas from where the jobs are located.’’
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%202.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
 <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/5/23/TABLE%202.jpg" alt="">
“For some vulnerable people who are unemployed, the combination of very low rates of Newstart -  as little as $38.98 a day for a single unemployed person - and rising rents for even modest accommodation, is proving unbearable. The consequence is that people are being pushed into homelessness.” 
Speaking on what could be done to address the crisis, Witte said, “there are opportunities to further streamline development planning processes, but more importantly to invest in social and affordable housing for workers. The use of instruments like the density bonus and inclusionary zoning needs to be maximised.”
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%203.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/5/23/TABLE%203.jpg" alt="">
 
National Shelter are also calling for change.
“The data demonstrates the need for national leadership and a national housing strategy. We need to bring the threads of tax reform, incentives to encourage greater investment by institutional finance and states, planning reforms and urban and regional development together to tackle this problem,” Pisarski said. 
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%205.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/5/23/TABLE%205.jpg" alt="">
Tasmania 
With a RAI of 102 in the December quarter, greater Hobart is now the least affordable capital city in Australia. Rents in Hobart are now unaffordable to even average income households.
The average household in Hobart faces rents at 29% of total income, putting it on the verge of housing stress – when it becomes difficult to afford essentials, like food and healthcare.
And the problem is spreading –  areas such as Margate and Sorell are also now unaffordable to median households.
The situation is most dire for those on lower incomes. A single pensioner faces severely unaffordable rents at 44% of income, while pensioner couples faces rents at 32% of income, which is deemed unaffordable.
With a RAI of 121, the average household in regional Tasmania faces rent at around 25% of income.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%204.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/5/23/TABLE%204.jpg" alt="">
New South Wales
With a RAI of 113 in the December quarter of 2017, rents remain moderately unaffordable on average in Sydney. It’s performing marginally better than estimated, thanks to increased income levels from Census data.
A single pensioner household faces spending 94% of income on rent. This extreme level of housing stress is exacerbated by other pressures such as increased healthcare costs and reduced mobility.
Regional NSW remains the least affordable regional area studied in Australia, with a RAI of 112 median households face rents at 27% of income.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/5/23/TABLE%206.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/5/23/TABLE%206.jpg" alt="">
Victoria
With a RAI of 126 in the December quarter of 2017, the median household in Greater Melbourne faces rents at around 24% of total income, which is considered acceptable.
However, unaffordable rents are spreading from the city centre. Areas in the west, north, east and south of Melbourne, such Altona, Coburg, Heidelberg, and Oakleigh, became moderately unaffordable in the last quarter. They previously had acceptable rents.
“Australia’s food capital is unaffordable for hospitality workers and minimum wage households,” Witte said. “Full-time hospitality workers may pay 34% of their income on rent, forcing them into housing stress.
With a RAI of 123, regional Victoria is the only regional area studied in Australia, alongside regional NSW, that is even less affordable than its metropolitan counterpart.
Queensland
With a RAI of 121 in the December quarter, the average household in Brisbane faces rents at 25% of total income – rents are considered acceptable for the first time since the inception of the Index in 2012.
However, rents remain unaffordable to lower income households. A single pensioner faces severely unaffordable rents at 65% of income. It’s just as dire for pensioner couples, who face rents at 41% of income, also deemed severely unaffordable.
Regional Queensland recorded a RAI of 122, with the average household facing rents at 25% of total income.
Australian Capital Territory
The ACT recorded a RAI of 128 in the December quarter of 2017, with median households facing rents at 23% of income, which is deemed acceptable.
With the level of affordability driven by relatively high incomes in the ACT, those on lower incomes face particularly unaffordable rents. A single person on benefits faces extremely unaffordable rents at 109% of income, while a single part-time worker parent on benefits faces rents at 58% of income, which is severely unaffordable.
South Australia 
With a RAI of 117 in the December quarter, there has been very little fluctuation in rental affordability in Adelaide in recent months – the score has not changed for six quarters. 
However, unaffordable rents have spread to more suburbs north of the city – Wingfield, Parafield Gardens and Para Hills declined from acceptable to moderately unaffordable.
Across the Adelaide foothills rents range from moderately unaffordable to unaffordable. 
A single person on benefits faces rents at 70% of income, which are extremely unaffordable, while a single part-time worker parent on benefits faces severely unaffordable rents at 40% of income.
Regional South Australia continues to see improving rental affordability. With a RAI of 137, regional SA is at its most affordable since at least mid-2012 when the Index began.
Western Australia
With a RAI of 145 in the December quarter, the latest report shows a continued record improving trend in rental affordability in Perth – the median household faces rents at 21% of total income, which is considered acceptable. 
Despite the continued improvement, rents remain unaffordable for lower income households. A single part-time worker parent on benefits faces rents at 46% of income, which is severely unaffordable.
Rental affordability has declined in regional Western Australia, which recorded a RAI of 153 in the December quarter of 2017.
 
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