<p>Local developer Harridan is seeking to turn its Woolloongabba apartment project into the first stage of a broader transformation of Burke Street, using a new 16-storey mixed-use building to establish a greener pedestrian connection toward the rapidly evolving Boggo Road transport and knowledge precinct.</p>

<p>The South East Queensland developer has filed plans for 154 apartments on the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/4-burke-street-woolloongabba-qld-4102">southern side of Burke Street</a>, where its proposal has been designed alongside a wider vision by LatStudios for the street.</p>

<p>That vision positions the southern side of Burke Street for buildings of 15 storeys and above, while envisaging lower-rise development of up to five storeys on the northern side to transition into Woolloongabba's existing character housing. It also proposes wider pedestrian verges, deep planting, new street trees and upgrades to the pedestrian approach to Boggo Road Station.</p>

<p>The Harridan development itself has been designed by Brisbane-based Arqus Design and will comprise 154 apartments across 16 storeys. The mix is weighted heavily toward two-bedroom apartments, with 121 proposed alongside 10 one-bedroom and 23 three-bedroom residences. There will typically be around 14 units per floor.</p>

<p>A lower-ground car park and three podium levels will accommodate 156 resident parking spaces, along with visitor and commercial parking. There will also be 154 resident bicycle spaces and 40 visitor bicycle parks.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Harridan is a family-owned developer and part of the Holmwood Highgate Group, with more than three decades of development activity across South East Queensland. Its portfolio spans residential, commercial and industrial property, with current residential projects including Riverbank on Byron in Bulimba, Esperance Residences in Carina and The Precinct at Kinross Road in Thornlands.</p>

<p>Wooloongabba has been popular for apartment developers, particularly since the announcement of the 2032 Summer Olympics games in Brisbane.</p>

<p>While there have been a lot of development applications, it has failed to materialize into real supply.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Sarazin has been the major player in the area. They are under construction at Murcia Residences, on the fringe of East Brisbane and Woolloongabba. They have just launched <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-stanley-residences-woolloongabba-8-trafalgar-street-woolloongabba-qld-4102">The Stanley Residences</a>, in Woolloongabba on Trafalagar Street. They also have Nuage coming soon on the nearby <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/nuage-woolloongabba-14-wellington-road-woolloongabba-qld-4102">Wellington Road</a>.</p>


Joel Robinson

First look: Harridan plans Burke Street transformation beside Boggo Road transport hub

<p><strong>IN BRIEF</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>Just three double-storey Sky Homes sit at the top of The Waterline, each with its own private marina berth and rooftop terrace.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Construction on The Waterline is complete, with the first residents expected to move in from mid-October.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Sky Homes range from 282 sqm to 367 sqm and are priced from $3.65 million.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p>Lewis Land has opened the first completed sky home for inspection at Harbour Shores, giving buyers their first opportunity to step inside one of just three double-storey residences crowning The Waterline.</p>

<p>Each sky home comes with its own private marina berth, rooftop terrace and Broadwater views, combining the scale of a larger home with direct access to the boating lifestyle that underpins the wider <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/harbour-shores-biggera-waters-564-oxley-drive-biggera-waters-qld-4216">Harbour Shores</a> masterplan.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=113271 project_image_fid=366708]</p>

<p>Lewis Land Head of Development Michael Long said the inclusion of a berth with every Sky Home had become increasingly valuable as marina access across the Gold Coast tightened.</p>

<p>“Marina berths are becoming increasingly difficult to secure across the Gold Coast, so including one with every Sky Home makes this a genuinely rare offering,” Long said.</p>

<p>“The private 70-berth marina will accommodate boats up to 12 metres in length and is positioned just 2.5 kilometres from the Broadwater, placing the open ocean only 15 minutes away.</p>

<p>“Being able to step out of your home onto your boat is a rare luxury, and it’s something residents here can look forward to when it opens later this year.”</p>

<p>[smartcode_project:default project_id=113271 project_image_fid=366709]</p>

<p>The display opening comes as construction completes on The Waterline, with the first residents expected to move in from mid-October.</p>

<p>The three Sky Homes range from 282 sqm to 367 sqm and each feature three bedrooms, three bathrooms, multiple living zones, expansive kitchens with butler's pantries and large balconies taking in the Broadwater outlook.</p>

<p>Each residence also has three secure basement car spaces and additional storage.</p>

<p>“This is the first opportunity the Gold Coast has had to step into Harbour Shores and see, touch and feel what we’re bringing to life here,” Long said.</p>

<p>“There are only three Sky Homes within The Waterline, ranging in size from 282sqm to 367sqm, with each residence featuring three large bedrooms, three bathrooms, multiple living zones, expansive custom-built kitchens with butler’s pantry, and large balconies capturing Broadwater views.”</p>

<p><img alt="Harbour Shores" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bab65e10-4fab-45e1-92d8-fc56e2ab98ff" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-25%20at%202.00.16%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=XT8q76LsPkw3cYTsvN3JfFDaPLud90PN" /></p>

<p>Residents of The Waterline will have access to a private pool, along with Harbour Shores' wider collection of amenity including a lagoon pool, social clubhouse, tennis court, gym, yoga facilities and sauna.</p>

<p>Lewis Land partnered with Studio Collective to furnish the completed display, with the interiors designed to demonstrate how the residences could function as permanent homes rather than simply as show apartments.</p>

<p>Studio Collective Director Melissa Park said the surrounding waterways informed the interiors, but in a more restrained way than a traditional coastal scheme.</p>

<p>“We drew inspiration from the canals and coastal surrounds, but our approach was to interpret that subtly through layered materials and a grounded palette of earthy tones, rather than literal coastal references,” Park said.</p>

<p>“We introduced hero moments of green and teal to reference the surrounding waterways, while mirrored elements help reflect natural light.</p>

<p>“The result is a residence that feels elevated yet comfortable, somewhere buyers can genuinely imagine themselves living, entertaining and unwinding.”</p>

<p>Sky Homes are priced from $3.65 million.</p>

<p>Lewis Land is also offering private marina berths with The Residences, its limited collection of three and four-bedroom villas positioned directly along the Harbour Shores waterfront boardwalk.</p>

<p>Three-bedroom villas are priced from $2.99 million, while four-bedroom residences start from $3.19 million.</p>

<p>Harbour Shores is being marketed by Colliers International.</p>

<p data-end="555" data-start="341">[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=113271]</p>


Lewis Land opens sky home display as The Waterline completes at Harbour Shores

<p data-end="387" data-start="97">St Vincent de Paul Society Housing Australia has filed plans for a major mixed-use housing precinct on the southern edge of the North Sydney CBD, adding another significant proposal to a pocket around North Sydn​ey Station that is quickly becoming one of the LGA's busiest development zones.</p>

<p data-end="697" data-start="389">The State Significant Development Application covers a 5,990 sqm site at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/1-19-mackenzie-street-lavender-bay-nsw-2060">1-19 MacKenzie Street and 211 Blues Point Road in Lavender Bay</a>, immediately south of Nor​th Sydney Station and between the commercial core and the lower-rise Lavender Bay Heritage Conservation Area.</p>

<p data-end="925" data-start="699">Designed by Wardle, the proposal would deliver a new residential tower comprising 88 build-to-sell apartments and 19 affordable apartments, alongside a separate co-living building with 57 rooms and a building manager's studio.</p>

<p data-end="1217" data-start="927">It would also see the significant restoration and upgrade of St Francis Xavier Catholic Church, the adaptive reuse of the former school building, new parish facilities, retail, a new public square and around 1,000 sqm of publicly accessible open space.</p>

<p data-end="1217" data-start="927"><img alt="Vinnies North Sydney" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d5dd7f87-a617-463e-b577-17541e01f0e9" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-26%20at%209.10.13%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=4R8TsFN3P_LrrXO2HswTOIrx2blil8lh" /></p>

<p data-end="1538" data-start="1219">The project is seeking a concurrent rezoning of the site to R4 High Density Residential and an increase in the maximum building height to allow a tower reaching RL120, or up to 20 storeys. The proposal was progressed through the NSW Government's Housing Delivery Authority pathway.</p>

<p data-end="1723" data-start="1540">The build-to-sell component will be weighted toward larger apartments, with just six one-bedroom apartments compared with 31 two-beds, 43 three-beds and eight four-bedroom residences.</p>

<p data-end="2063" data-start="1725">The 19 affordable apartments will comprise two studios, 15 one-bedroom apartments and two two-bedroom apartments, taking the total apartment component to 107 residences before the 58 co-living rooms are included.</p>

<p data-end="2063" data-start="1725"><img alt="Vnnies" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7d568ca5-cb90-4e18-96c6-d9795dba0c56" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-26%20at%209.10.05%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=GY2R5M9VtQh0EKy1vajaea19PSLOPuRD" /></p>

<p data-end="2205" data-start="2065">Wardle's design for the Vinnies site has sought to negotiate that emerging high-rise context while retaining the lower-scale character of MacKenzie Street and the adjoining heritage conservation area.</p>

<p data-end="4244" data-start="4087">The main building adopts a three-storey podium and tower arrangement, with the podium aligned to the ridgeline and front setback of St Francis Xavier Church.&nbsp;Wardle has designed the podium with colonnades, seating, recessed entries and active ground-floor frontages, with sandstone-toned precast concrete and face brick referencing the materiality of the existing church.</p>

<p data-end="4598" data-start="4246">The tower then steps back eight metres to the south and six metres to the north before rising in a sculpted form comprising four interlocking quadrants. Wardle has also introduced rounded forms and chamfered corners to reduce the tower's perceived bulk and improve view sharing with neighbouring development sites.</p>

<p data-end="4798" data-start="4600">Resident facilities and outdoor areas are planned at the separation between the podium and tower at Level 3, oriented toward Sydney Harbour and the CBD skyline.</p>

<p data-end="4798" data-start="4600">The tower itself will feature a glass reinforced concrete facade, with recessed balconies and deep reveals used both to provide shading and privacy and frame views toward the harbour and city. The lower levels take a different architectural approach, using brick and sandstone-toned finishes intended to establish a stronger relationship with St Francis Xavier Church. The Church itself will be conserved and upgraded for its continued use, while the former school building will be adaptively reused as part of the co-living component.</p>

<p data-end="5032" data-start="4800"><img alt="Lavendar Bay" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2d4418ad-90aa-4d49-af93-c80b140aea80" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-26%20at%209.09.47%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=Kv4gzbsACaGvZSRuaqcfGC54jEJRXIDJ" /></p>

<p data-end="5486" data-start="5211">&nbsp;</p>

<p data-end="2205" data-start="2065">The proposal adds to an increasingly concentrated pipeline of residential development around Blue Street, MacKenzie Street and Lavender Bay.</p>

<p data-end="2375" data-start="2207">Just west of the site, Central Element lodged plans earlier this year for one of the most significant residential developments proposed in Lavender Bay in recent years.</p>

<p data-end="2712" data-start="2377">Central Element's SJB-designed scheme at 64-66 Lavender Street and 3-7 Middlemiss Street would deliver 163 apartments across two towers rising 23 and 32 storeys, replacing five existing apartment buildings containing 32 homes. The project also forms part of the Housing Delivery Authority pathway.</p>

<p data-end="2751" data-start="2714"><em><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-central-element-reveals-lavender-bay-apartment-plans?utm_source=chatgpt.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank">First look: Central Element reveals Lavender Bay apartment plans</a></em></p>

<p data-end="2865" data-start="2753">Immediately around North Sy​dney Station, another two significant proposals have emerged at 5 and 15 Blue Street.</p>

<p data-end="3067" data-start="2867">Zurich Australian Insurance Properties is seeking to adaptively reuse its longstanding commercial building at 5 Blue Street, directly above North Sydney Station, rather than demolishing the structure.</p>

<p data-end="3379" data-start="3069">Its SSDA proposes converting the building into a 14-storey mixed-use development with 62 apartments and 86 co-living rooms, together with ground-floor retail and a major refurbishment of Blue Street Plaza. The application is currently at the Response to Submissions stage.</p>

<p data-end="3379" data-start="3069"><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-zurich-targets-north-sydney-office-conversion-with-148-unit-proposal-above-metro-station"><em>First look: Zurich targets North Sydney office conversion with 148-unit proposal above Metro station</em></a></p>

<p data-end="3883" data-start="3659">&nbsp;</p>


First look: Vinnies files for 20-storey Lavender Bay apartment tower as North Sydney housing pocket heats up

<p data-end="540" data-start="324">When the opportunity arose for South Australian developer Palumbo to return to Kent Town, where it had previously delivered East Park Apartments and the East<br />
Rundle Apartments, it wasn't one the longstanding developer-builder was going to pass up.</p>

<p data-end="680" data-start="542">The decision was quickly vindicated, with more than 30 apartments sold within the first month of launching <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/royal-apartments-kent-town-2-8-north-terrace-kent-town-sa-5067">Royal Apartments</a> to the market.</p>

<p data-end="909" data-start="682">The 206-apartment development, which will bring significant new supply to Adelaide's tightly held eastern city fringe, also gives <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/palumbo">Palumbo</a> the opportunity to bring new life to one of Kent Town's most recognisable watering holes.</p>

<p data-end="909" data-start="682">[smartcode_project:default project_id=6109 project_image_fid=376073]</p>

<p data-end="1076" data-start="911">Royal Apartments incorporates the historic Royal Hotel, a venue Palumbo Managing Director Daniel Palumbo said has a longstanding connection with the local community.</p>

<p data-end="1166" data-start="1078">"Everyone in the area has history with the Royal Hotel," Palumbo told Apartments.com.au.</p>

<p data-end="1257" data-start="1168">"It was quite an active pub and social gathering place for locals. We want to bring it back to its former glory."</p>

<p data-end="1257" data-start="1168">[smartcode_project:default project_id=6109 project_image_fid=376072]</p>

<p data-end="1406" data-start="1259">The wider development will comprise two residential towers alongside the restored hotel, sitting on North Terrace opposite the Adelaide Park Lands.</p>

<p data-end="1475" data-start="1408">For Palumbo, the project also marks a return to familiar territory.</p>

<p data-end="1671" data-start="1477">The developer completed East Park Apartments next door more than a decade ago and jumped at the opportunity to develop in Kent Town again when the Royal Hotel site became available.</p>

<p data-end="1726" data-start="1673">"The opportunity emerged, and we moved to secure the site," Palumbo said.</p>

<p data-end="1874" data-start="1728">"We were approached by the previous landowner, who said they had extensive commitments in Sydney and weren't in a position to deliver the project.</p>

<p data-end="2025" data-start="1876">"We took over the site and within six months recut the design scheme to be more in keeping with the type of development we want to bring to Adelaide.</p>

<p data-end="2111" data-start="2027">"Now we're on the market and those changes have really resonated with local buyers."</p>

<p data-end="2225" data-start="2113">That has translated into a strong start to sales, with 33 apartments transacting in the project's first 35 days.</p>

<p data-end="2383" data-start="2227">Palumbo said the early purchaser profile had been consistent with the group's traditional focus on owner-occupiers rather than investor-led apartment stock.</p>

<p data-end="2446" data-start="2385">"Local owner-occupiers have always been our market," he said.</p>

<p data-end="2602" data-start="2448">"There are always some investors, but we've never developed what would be called traditional development stock. Owner-occupiers are very much our market."</p>

<p data-end="2602" data-start="2448">[smartcode_project:default project_id=6109 project_image_fid=376068]</p>

<p data-end="2742" data-start="2604">The buyer mix has been diverse so far, with downsizers and younger professionals both accounting for a significant portion of early sales.</p>

<p data-end="3013" data-start="2744">South Australia's current stamp duty settings, which allow&nbsp;eligible homeowners in South Australia aged 60 savings of up to $103,830 on stamp duty when they downsize to a new property valued at up to $2 million,&nbsp;have helped encourage downsizer activity, while younger buyers in their late 20s and early 30s have been attracted to the opportunity to live immediately outside the CBD while still being able to walk into the city.</p>

<p data-end="3013" data-start="2744"></p>

<p data-end="3065" data-start="3015">Location has been a major part of the proposition for both buyer cohorts.</p>

<p data-end="3065" data-start="3015">[smartcode_project:default project_id=6109 project_image_fid=376075]</p>

<p data-end="3250" data-start="3067">Royal Apartments sits on North Terrace directly opposite the Adelaide Park Lands, with residents able to walk through the parklands toward the East End, Rundle Street and Rundle Mall.</p>

<p data-end="3376" data-start="3252">Apartments have been positioned to capture views across the parklands, Adelaide skyline, Botanic Gardens and Adelaide Hills.</p>

<p data-end="3516" data-start="3378">Palumbo believes the scarcity of developable land along this section of the Park Lands makes the site particularly difficult to replicate.</p>

<p data-end="3592" data-start="3518">"There's very few allotments on that side that can be developed," he said.</p>

<p data-end="3714" data-start="3594">"If this location was in New York and you were sitting on Central Park, you'd be talking about a $60 million apartments."</p>

<p data-end="3861" data-start="3716">Royal Apartments will offer a broad mix of residences, ranging from one-bedroom apartments through to four-bedroom sub-penthouses and penthouses.</p>

<p data-end="4004" data-start="3863">Current listings include one-bedroom apartments from $680,000, while larger three and four-bedroom residences are priced around $2.5 million.</p>

<p data-end="4145" data-start="4006">Residents will have access to a swimming pool, gym, barbecue and recreation areas, residents' lounge and dining space, and a communal deck.</p>

<p data-end="4145" data-start="4006">[smartcode_project:default project_id=6109 project_image_fid=376067]</p>

<p data-end="4273" data-start="4147">The apartments will feature generous balconies, while secure parking, bicycle storage and storage cages will also be provided.</p>

<p data-end="4480" data-start="4275">A porte-cochère-style arrival and drop-off area has also resonated with buyers, particularly those attracted to being able to walk into the CBD during the day while retaining secure vehicle access at home.</p>

<p data-end="4650" data-start="4482">Palumbo is acting as developer, architect and builder on Royal Apartments, continuing the vertically integrated model it has used across its South Australian portfolio.</p>

<p data-end="4785" data-start="4652">The group was also behind the $150 million Sofitel Adelaide, the 251-room five-star hotel and residential tower which opened in 2021.</p>

<p data-end="4889" data-start="4787">Palumbo said Royal's launch had come at an interesting time for the broader Adelaide apartment market.</p>

<p data-end="5144" data-start="4891">Buyer confidence had initially been impacted by uncertainty surrounding the Federal Budget and broader economic conditions, but Palumbo believes sentiment is beginning to improve against a backdrop of significant investment flowing into South Australia.</p>

<p data-end="5305" data-start="5146">He pointed to increased activity across defence and resources, including Olympic Dam, as potential long-term drivers of the state's economy and housing market.</p>

<p data-end="5378" data-start="5307">"Money is starting to flow into Adeliade, significant amounts as Adelaide bucks the trend of the rest of the country.," Palumbo said.</p>

<p data-end="5495" data-start="5380">"There's a lot of activity in the economy over the next decade. I think more investment will come into this market."</p>

<p data-end="5650" data-start="5497">Early works on Royal Apartments are expected to commence this year, with major construction activity and cranes anticipated on site from early next year.</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=6109]</p>

Palumbo's return to Kent Town strikes early chord with buyers

<p>Go-to builder-developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/graya">GRAYA</a> is continuing to bulk out its already impressive and diverse apartment portfolio across South East Queensland. Their latest milestone is securing development approval for Silk, its boutique riverfront apartment development in St Lucia.</p>

<p>The approval clears&nbsp;the way for the team to begin construction planning for the 22-residence project.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/silk-st-lucia-16-18-sandford-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">Silk</a> will rise 15 levels from an 810 sqm site at 16-18 Sandford Street, occupying a prominent bend of the Brisbane River with a prized northern aspect across Orleigh Park toward the Brisbane CBD.</p>

<p>The approved scheme will comprise 16 split-floor and six full-floor residences, continuing GRAYA's move into larger-format apartment developments targeting Brisbane's prestige owner-occupier market.</p>

<p>The project has been designed around the site's broad river frontage and dual-direction views, with GRAYA prioritising larger residences, privacy and outlook over apartment yield.</p>

<p><img alt="Silk St Lucia" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="aa5c2349-f96c-4914-a812-1f2cd6827af8" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-26%20at%208.25.44%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=WY0vEU_7vYjeRJKQHiCwFdMxu8PvFh52" /></p>

<p>GRAYA Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer Rob Gray said the project had been shaped around local homeowners wanting to remain in St Lucia without maintaining a traditional family home.</p>

<p>"St Lucia is one of those suburbs people do not want to leave," Gray said.</p>

<p>"They know the river, the trees, UQ, the golf course, Toowong and Indooroopilly, and that familiarity is hard to replace.</p>

<p>"True riverfront opportunities here are exceptionally scarce. What we have designed at Silk is a way to stay in the suburb people love, with the scale and privacy of a private home and far less to maintain.</p>

<p>"This is not typical apartment product. It is a proper home on the river, and that is exactly what this market has been missing."</p>

<p>The approval comes as new apartment development continues to increase across the St Lucia and neighbouring Toowong corridor, although direct riverfront sites remain considerably more tightly held.</p>

<p>GRAYA Co-founder and Managing Director Andrew Gray said securing the approval had removed a significant element of development risk from Silk.</p>

<p>"Genuine riverfront sites of this quality in St Lucia are not something that comes up regularly," Gray said.</p>

<p>"The approval removes a substantial layer of execution risk, and the location underwrites demand in a way very few inner-city sites can.</p>

<p>"The fundamentals here are as strong as anything we have assessed in Brisbane."</p>

<p><img alt="Silk St Lucia" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d0f3d734-65e1-48e8-8ed3-2e0715ffcdd9" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-26%20at%208.25.56%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=sOLSs_jdHkXLWbBKzRyayf5BfTb2vPsD" /></p>

<p>Silk will see GRAYA return to a stretch of the Brisbane River where it already has recent construction experience. The vertically integrated group recently completed ARC in neighbouring Toowong as builder for developer Spyre, delivering the riverfront project on a constrained site.</p>

<p>GRAYA will take a different role at Silk, controlling the project from design and development through construction and aftercare under its vertically integrated model.</p>

<p>The development will include a gym and resident leisure areas at ground level, integrated with the river's edge.</p>

<p>Silk joins a growing pipeline for GRAYA across Brisbane and the Gold Coast, which includes Enclave, The Gallery, Coral and Ripple.</p>

<p>The developer-builder has also recently lodged plans for its largest project to date, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-silo-19-chester-street-newstead-qld-4006">The Silo</a>, a proposed <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/graya-buys-frasers-newstead-site-plans-the-silo-between-james-street-and-gasworks-precincts">$700 million mixed-use development</a> in Brisbane's James Street precinct.</p>

<p>Silk is expected to predominantly target local owner-occupiers and prestige buyers seeking a permanent riverfront home in Brisbane's inner west.</p>

<p>Registrations of interest are now open, with further details on the project and construction program to be released as it progresses.</p>

<hr />
<h2>SILK PROJECT FACTS</h2>

<p>Developer-builder: GRAYA</p>

<p>Project: Silk</p>

<p>Location: 16-18 Sandford Street, St Lucia</p>

<p>Apartments: 22</p>

<p>Built form: 15 levels</p>

<p>Site: 810 sqm riverfront holding</p>

<p>Mix: 16 split-floor and six full-floor residences</p>

<p>Status: Development approved</p>

<p>Next step: Construction planning underway</p>

<p>[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=152168]</p>


GRAYA greenlit for riverfront St Lucia apartment development, Silk

House Prices

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<p><span>The combination of strong supply and weak population growth means that the housing market has a period of adjustment ahead of it, Macquarie Reseach has forecast.</span></p>
<p><span>It says there are three key paths for adjustment to normalise price to income ratios and supply and demand -  lower house prices, a decline in new dwelling supply (construction) and a cut in interest rates.</span></p>
<p><span>Their overall outlook incorporates all three of these factors, though not to the same degree.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.35.41%20AM.png" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12.16px; line-height: 1.3em;">Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12.16px; line-height: 1.3em;"><img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.35.41%20AM.png" alt=""></span></p>
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<p><span>"Lower prices boost affordability, sustaining house price to income ratios as per dwelling incomes decline,' the Macquarie report advised.</span></p>
<p><span>"Reductions in dwelling supply stem the decline in the persons per household ratio, pushing up household incomes.</span></p>
<p><span>"And interest rates support nominal house price values."</span></p>
<p><span>It noted an important distinction about the cycle over the period ahead is that it does not occur against a backdrop of favourable tailwinds.</span></p>
<p><span>"Previous housing construction cycles have been associated with some combination of a credit tailwind (rising debt to income ratio), fiscal expansion/tax cuts, participation boost, or major income boost within the economy (price phase of the mining boom).</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.38.20%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></p>
<p><img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.38.20%20AM.png" alt="" width="1230" height="643"></p>
<p><span>"Through previous cycles, policymakers have managed to avoid large negative house price adjustments – with subsequent destructive effects on household, business and bank balance sheets – and instead used policy to support existing prices, with long, slow adjustments occurring over a number of years.</span></p>
<p><span>"For example, in real terms, Sydney house prices peaked in 1Q89, but took almost a decade to exceed that level. The nominal price adjustment was minimal, and was recovered 2 years later. But in real terms, the ABS measure of Sydney house did not better the 1Q89 level until 2Q98 (figure 26 and 27).</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.40.59%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></p>
<p><img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.40.59%20AM.png" alt="" width="1558" height="740"></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">"We expect a measured 7.5% peak to trough decline in house prices over 2016 and into 2017, with a recovery commencing in 2H17," was the headline takeout of the report.</span></p>
<p><span>It especially noted Australia’s population growth has slowed and was on track to slow further over the coming quarters.</span></p>
<p><span>It concluded while the population growth was still positive, but not as strong as it used to be, that it was not strong enough to justify the major surge in housing supply that will hit the market over the course of 2016.</span></p>
<p><span>"Slower population growth adds to the adjustment challenge within the housing market over 2016 as the upswing in supply converges with the impacts of macro prudential policy tools and curbs on foreign investors.</span></p>
<p><span>"Building approvals and housing commencements, at 200k+ are running well ahead of estimates underlying demand, which we peg at 170-180k once current, and prospective, population growth rates are incorporated.</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> </span></p>
<p><span>"Supply has undershot demand for several years.</span></p>
<p><span>"Whilst Australia’s population growth has slowed to a 9-year low, and is on track to moderate further, residential dwelling supply is reaching all new records.</span></p>
<p><span>"Building approvals are currently running at an annual pace of 225k, and commencements are following through.</span></p>
<p><span>"Both are at new records (figures 8 &amp; 9 below).</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.48.11%20AM.png" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span><img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.48.11%20AM.png" alt=""></span></p>
<p><span>"The full impact on dwelling supply is yet to be felt in the physical market.</span></p>
<p><span>"Completions have risen substantially, but they lag commencements, and there is a record 180k dwellings currently under construction (figure 10 above).</span></p>
<p><span>"Subsequent pent up demand has been calibrated into prices, through increases in persons, employment, and income per household.</span></p>
<p><span>"Unleashing that pent up demand will also have price effects – it will require an improvement in affordability.</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">"Improving affordability requires either lower house prices, lower interest rates, or stronger household income growth.</span></p>
<p><span>"In the absence of robust wage and income growth in the economy, achieving the latter will be more difficult the longer that strong dwelling supply persists."</span></p>
<p><span>Macquarie expect a retrenchment in housing commencements through 2016 and into 2017, concentrated in the high density apartment segment.</span></p>
<p><span>"This is likely to be accompanied by weaker dwelling prices, as the market struggles to absorb the currently bulging supply pipeline.</span></p>
<p><span>"Depending on the speed of adjustment, lower rates may be needed to support demand and prices. </span></p>
<p><span>"We remain of the view that further monetary policy easing is likely from the RBA. </span></p>
<p><span>"Our base case is that this is delivered in November, alongside downgraded forecasts for growth and inflation.</span></p>
<p><span>"We have maintained the view for some time that the risks lie with additional easing in 2016.</span></p>
<p><span>"How swiftly the currency falls to a level sufficient to catalyse the transition from mining to non-mining growth is a key driver of the outlook for rates in 2016.</span></p>
<p><span>"An earlier, or more rapid, housing construction adjustment – which we expect to accelerate from 2H16 – could mean more cuts will be needed."</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12.16px; line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.42.32%20AM.png" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Click to enlarge</a></span></p>
<p><img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2015/10/13/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-13%20at%2010.42.32%20AM.png" alt=""></p>
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

November rate cut - and 7.5% house price drop starting in 2016: Macquarie Research

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<p><span>Melbourne's residential prestige property market above $2 million is running hot in Balwyn, Balwyn North and Canterbury, according to Herron Todd White.</span></p>
<p><span>Herron Todd White's October Month in Review noted school zones, interest rates and overseas investment and 'affluenza' as key drivers of the local property market.</span></p>
<p><span>"Median house prices in Balwyn have risen 33% in the past five years due to high demand from foreign investors and also the desire to be in the popular Balwyn High School zone," it read.</span></p>
<p><span>"The future of house prices in Balwyn appears to be unsustainable. Limited supply has resulted in overpriced housing and foreign investment will be curbed in the future, which could cause the market to stall. </span></p>
<p><span>"In the foreseeable future, the Balwyn, Balwyn North and Canterbury prestige residential markets however look likely to remain heated for the next 12 months." </span></p>
<p>Notable sales include:</p>
<ul>
<li><span>$2.2 million will secure a 4-bedroom, 2-bathroom, 2-car property in Balwyn, Balwyn North and Canterbury on about 700 square metres (for example, 15 Stanley Grove Canterbury) </span></li>
<li><span>Vacant land sold for $2.65 million in Balwyn in March 2015 (3 Henley Street) </span></li>
<li><span>An incomplete property sold for $2.95 million (112 Yarrabat, Avenue) </span></li>
<li><span>$3 million will secure a 5-bedroom, 4-bathroom, 2- to 3-car property in Balwyn on circa 800 square metres (for example, 40 Moody Street, Balwyn North) </span></li>
<li><span>$4 million plus will secure large residential allotments with improvements comprising 5-bedrooms, 3-bathrooms, 2- to 3-car space accommodation on an allotment of over 1,000 square metres (for example, 19 Monomeath Avenue, Canterbury sold for $9.226 million). </span></li>
<li><span>6 Wills Street, Balwyn sold in May 2015 for $3.16 million. It previously sold in September 2014 for $2.23 million. This is a growth of $930,000 in only eight months. What makes this sale even more notable is the fact that the property isn’t even located in the Balwyn High School zone (zoned to Kew High School).</span></li>
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mick.cee-iDmgDDAmu8

Affluenza a driver in Melbourne's prestige property market 

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<p>The Australian Residential Market September 2015 report from Propell has found l<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and subdivisions are adversely affected by new lending criteria, r</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">ental vacancy rates are increasing in most cities and f</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">oreign investment in housing will strengthen due to lower AUD.</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">It noted 2016 may witness a combination of slowing economic growth and rising interest rates, bringing the threat of a recession if </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">non-mining sectors do not respond sufficiently to a lower exchange rate.</span></p>
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<p><span>"In 2016, the RBA may find itself in the position of having to start increasing the cash rate, suggesting that we are now at, or close to, the bottom of the cycle," the report said.</span></p>
<p><span>"The long term outlook is for rates to start increasing. As far as property investors are concerned, there has already been a de facto increase, as banks stop discounting investment home loans and start requiring more equity."</span></p>
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Long term outlook to increase interest rates: Propell

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<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">The valuation firm Herron Todd White has issued its latest</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> property clock for houses - a simple broad brush means to suggest where property markets are - and what direction prices are moving in.</span></p>
<p>The valuation firm has included capital and regional cities on the October property clock for house price direction.</p>
<p>Melbourne has joined Sydney houses at the peak of the cycle.</p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/10/07/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-07%20at%209.50.31%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge.</p>
<p><em>For more information, <a href="https://www.htw.com.au/" target="_blank">click here</a>.</em></p>
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Melbourne joins Sydney houses at peak pricing on October HTW property clock

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<div>The ABS released its Residential Property Price Indexes to June 2015 last week. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>As you can see in the first chart below, over the dozen years since September 2003 on average established capital city houses (+89%) have outperformed attached dwellings (+73%).</div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="/images/2015/09/28/RPI1.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div><img src="/images/2015/09/28/RPI1.jpg" alt=""></div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div class="separator">Since the full ABS indices only track back to Q3 2003, Sydney will naturally appear to be a moderate performer on this index, since the harbour city's preceding boom peaked on this data series almost immediately thereafter in Q4 2003.</div>
<div class="separator"> </div>
<div class="separator">The strongest performing cities through the mining boom were Darwin - by a huge margin - and Perth. </div>
<div class="separator"> </div>
<div class="separator">A number of cities in resources regions also performed strongly through the mining construction boom, although that particular dream has turned on a dime into an illiquid nightmare for many owners of property in mining towns.</div>
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<div class="separator"><a href="/images/2015/09/28/RPI2.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div class="separator"><img src="/images/2015/09/28/RPI2.jpg" alt=""></div>
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<div>
<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Houses</span></strong><br><br>Looking in the second chart below at established houses only since Q3 2002, Sydney has been playing some serious catch-up over the past three years.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Melbourne has also had a solid run, while there have been some steady gains of late for Brisbane, Adelaide and Hobart.<br><br>The most interesting point of note is how the long run data since 2002 seems to imply a convergence of the results for all eight of the respective capital cities.</div>
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<div><a href="/images/2015/09/28/RPI3.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
<div><img src="/images/2015/09/28/RPI3.jpg" alt=""></div>
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<div>
<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Attached dwellings</span></strong><br><br><span>Meanwhile the attached dwellings only index below reveals a similar pattern, although on average it records a slightly less dramatic incline through the present cycle to date, but less impressive growth in a number of cheaper cities where demand for apartment dwelling is less robust.</span><br><br><span>Note that the ABS data for attached dwellings only runs back to Q3 2003 which partly accounts for the lower growth over the full history of the data.</span>
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<div><a href="/images/2015/09/28/Attached%20dwellings.jpg" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></div>
<div><span><img src="/images/2015/09/28/Attached%20dwellings.jpg" alt=""></span></div>
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<div> </div>
<div>
<div>Of course while these figures are useful indicators they are based upon averages and can mask any number of sub-trends.<br><br><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Suburbs</span></strong>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The same holds true for long run analysis of median prices at the suburb level, where miniscule sample sizes can skew results materially.<br><br>There has also been the small matter of a once-in-a-century mining boom combined with a one-off structural shift to lower interest rates to take account of.<br><br>As as a result those "top 100 best performing suburbs" lists almost invariably include a number of remote suburbs that few people have heard of where median house prices are around $150,000.<br><br>Since $150,000 is more or less the cost of building a house today, it follows that the real appreciation in land values has actually been weak, and the strong "growth" results are just as likely to be quirk of sampling.<br><br>The <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/long-run-uk-house-prices" target="_blank">house I grew up in</a> is a great example, having apparently achieved incredible compounding capital "growth" of an amazing 9 per cent per annum for fully 35 years!<br><br>Thing is, you take off the cost of the extension, the replacement of the dodgy carport with a garage, and various upgrades to the interior, and the capital growth in real terms has been zero percent.<br><br>Cheaper properties can sometimes come with other associated problems - such as tenancy or vacancy risk - while any unfortunately substantial repair cost (e.g. for the roof) can wipe away years of returns at a stroke due to the lower base cost of the asset.<br><br>Moreover suburb median prices are by and large a waste of time - the only statistics that really tell you anything worthwhile when it comes to real estate are like-for-like sales. </div>
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<div>
<p><span><em>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blogger</a>.</em><br></span></p>
<p><em>His latest book is <a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>.</em></p>
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

Long run residential prices: Pete Wargent

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<div>The ABS will soon release its latest dwelling prices data for Q2 2015, which is always an interesting series to analyse.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Market forecasts are calling for a +2.4% gain on a national basis, with Sydney driving most of the gains.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Westpac is looking for an even more bullish +4% which would take annual price growth all the way up to +9.1%.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The data series also provides some interesting data on dwelling supply. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Of course, the ABS series lags somewhat, but it is worth noting that CoreLogic RP Data's Daily Home Value Index is no longer a sea of green, with prices now down for the quarter and for the year in both Adelaide and Perth.</div>
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<div><a href="/images/2015/09/22/RPD.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
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<div><img src="/images/2015/09/22/RPD.jpg" alt=""></div>
<div> </div>
<div><span>Home values are also declining in Darwin.</span></div>
<div><span> </span></div>
<div>
<p><span><em>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blogger</a>.</em><br></span></p>
<p><em>His latest book is <a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>.</em></p>
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Dwelling prices update due: Pete Wargent

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<p><span>New dwelling prices are rising again in China, just about..</span></p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/09/21/3tr-chinapm-small.gif" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span><img src="/images/2015/09/21/3tr-chinapm-small.gif" alt=""></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div>The Chinese economy - and industrial production in particular - has clearly been slowing, with "official" GDP growth set to fall below 7 per cent.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>There is some sign of an upturn in credit growth. </div>
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<div><a href="/images/2015/09/21/3bl-chinacr-small.gif" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
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<div><img src="/images/2015/09/21/3bl-chinacr-small.gif" alt=""></div>
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<p><span><em>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blogger</a>.</em><br></span></p>
<p><em>His latest book is <a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>.</em></p>
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New dwelling prices rising in China: Pete Wargent

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<p><span>Momentum in the economy is stretching across the non-mining </span>economy beyond the dwelling sector, according to National Australia Bank group chief economist Alan Oster.</p>
<p>In the latest Bigger Picture – A Global &amp; Australian Economic Perspective report he said household consumption growth is expected to remain below trend and is reliant on a decline in the household savings ratio which is vulnerable at present to weak consumer confidence.</p>
<p><span>"Against that, there is increasing evidence that growth momentum is broadening across the non-mining economy – not limited to the dwelling sector – in response to the lower AUD and interest rates, with improvement particularly evident in services sectors," he said.</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">"Residential markets remain strong, with dwelling prices continuing to grow more than 10% over the year to August. </span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">"Surprisingly, dwelling investment surprisingly fell by 1.9% in Q2 despite strength in building approvals and a very elevated stock of residential projects in the construction pipeline. While this did follow growth of over 6% in each of the two preceding quarters, this weakness is likely only temporary given record levels of work to be done. "</span></p>
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Dwelling prices grow more than 10% for year to August: NAB

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<p><span>Dwelling values across Adelaide fell over the three months to July, according to the August <span>CoreLogic RP Data Housing Market and Economic Review.</span></span></p>
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<p>The median house price for Adelaide is $425,000. Unit median prices are $342,000.</p>
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Adelaide dwelling values in three-month fall: CoreLogic RP Data

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<p>An increase in population and income are two demand influencers on high dwelling rents and prices, according to the directors of Real Estate Research and Teaching for the UNSW Business School.</p>
<p>According to Nigel Stapledon's<span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics inquiry into Home Ownership, the rise in house prices it is not only happening in Australia, but all over the world. This is due to low interest across the world.</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">"In the period 1993-2003, population grew at a 1.1% annual pace, in the period 2003-13, it averaged 1.6%. At the margin, that extra 0.5% per annum is a very significant difference. This surge in population also changed expectations about future population growth, which in turn influenced expectations about future rent growth. If buyers expect the future rate of rent growth to be higher, that justifies higher prices." </span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">It is his belief that foreign buyers add to the pressure on prices, but the effect in the long term is not permanent.</span></p>
<p>"The broader point is that Australia is a major beneficiary of its open door to foreign capital. In the long term, Australia’s reputation as a secure, transparent place to invest is a positive. Apart from anything it lowers the cost of capital for governments, business and individuals. If we start imposing controls to help manage perceived short term problems, that will put that reputation at risk."</p>
<p>Taxation policy is not as important as the demand factors mentioned before. Nigel Stapledon says that a more efficient tax system is desirable but is not what affects housing.</p>
<p>"The real debate on the question of housing affordability is on the question of supply. There are a number of angles to this. </p>
<p><span>"</span>In economics, the margin is what matters. On the demand side, an increase in population growth rate from 1.1% to 1.6% per annum in the period 2003–13 caused rents to rise substantially. </p>
<p>"Allowing for age composition effects, potential household formation lifted from 1.4% to 1.8%. That small marginal change mattered a lot. Because supply lagged in its response, most of the initial action was in higher rents, which worked to subdue demand (more young adults - potential new households – for example stayed at their parents’ home). </p>
<p>"In period 2003-13, the stock of dwellings in Australia grew by an average 1.6% per annum – only slightly slower than potential household formation but the cumulative effect matters. With a lag, complicated by some big intervening events e.g. GFC (Global Financial Crisis), we are now seeing supply respond in a more substantial way. </p>
<p>"In 2014 new completions increased the dwelling stock by 1.8%, and in 2015 and 2016 the pipeline of starts tells us that rate of growth will be running at a 2.0% pace. Bearing in mind that population growth has now slowed to a 1.4% pace (household formation below 1.6%), then clearly the demand-supply equation is shifting towards buyers/renters. The evidence of that is the deceleration in rent growth evident in 2014. It is the indicator to watch in 2015. </p>
<p>"But imagine if the stock were to increase by more like 3% (double the normal) in 2015. That order of magnitude increase in supply would require lower rents/prices to encourage more households (those young adults staying at home) back into the market. Otherwise, there would be a lot of vacant new dwellings. </p>
<p>"As the city’s population grows, if the green zone is unchanged, what urban economic theory tells us is that when the constraint becomes binding that the increase in demand will cause the price of land to rise. In response, buyers will choose smaller amounts of land consistent with the policy-makers’ desire for increased density. </p>
<p>"While less land is used, which partially offsets the higher price per unit of land, it is only a partial offset and the price of housing rises. For the pre-existing stock of houses, the price rises and their owners (owner-occupiers and landlords) enjoy a capital gain. </p>
<p>"The binding constraint will lead to pressure for some relaxation. To the extent that policy-makers relent and rezone some of the greenbelt land, the owners of that land will achieve significant capital gains. This leads to significant resources going into lobbying and a propensity for corruption. </p>
<p>"The second policy option is to impose a development tax. This lifts the price of land and in response we again see smaller lots and increased density. If the tax is set at the right level, the same degree of increased density can be achieved as with quantitative controls. </p>
<p>"One advantage of the development tax is that the development tax captures the capital gain which would be earned by owners of greenbelt land which is rezoned. A second advantage is that it keeps the market for land competitive. </p>
<p>"I would note that constraints on higher density building in inner urban areas will also constrain supply and lead to higher rents/prices across the urban area. There are many such restrictions. For example the recent decision in NSW to impose a minimum size on apartments of 35 square metres will add to the cost of housing. </p>
<p>"The cost of commuting (both in dollars and in time) is the most significant influence on the cost of land within cities. The higher are commuting costs from the urban fringe, the more valuable is living in the inner urban areas where commuting costs are low. </p>
<p>"As a city grows, there is a need to add to the transport capacity (wider roads, more rail lines). If governments fail to expand the transport infrastructure, congestion rises and lifts commuter costs. </p>
<p>"There is strong advocacy for public/social housing, which represents less than 3% of the housing stock, to be a much bigger part of the market. At its peak in 1971, public housing represented closer to 6% of total housing stock. </p>
<p>"There is a place for public housing but do young Australians see it as the answer to their future housing needs. I suspect they all aspire to something better. It is seen as a safety net. </p>
<p>"Aspirations aside, public housing is heavily subsidised. And as the cost of housing rises in a city, so too does the cost of subsidising public housing. It follow that policies which make the cost of private housing lower also lowers the cost to the taxpayer of providing any given amount of public housing."</p>
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