Mark and Roy Makari are expanding their presence in Sydney’s South West with a second major proposal for Leppington, this time envisioning a 900-dwelling mixed-use development just 850 metres from their previously lodged tower trio on Fifth Avenue.

The latest application seeks approval for a multi-building project at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/230-rickard-road-leppington-nsw-2179">230 Rickard Road, Leppington</a>. The proposal seeks to establish a new focal point for the precinct through a high-density, transit-oriented development supported by diverse land uses.

According to the Scoping Report prepared for the Department of Planning, the scheme includes around 900 apartments across multiple towers, including 135 dwellings designated for affordable housing. A mix of market and subsidised apartments will be supported by ground-level activation through retail and office space, a childcare centre, and a hotel, forming a comprehensive urban precinct.

<img alt="Mixed Use Development 230 Rickard Rd Leppington" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="34797362-f3dc-4d84-8235-2657fc5f3bde" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Plan.png?VersionId=Uzckrz9tUpDQl5lX1_WMhjnv16bsr8wG" />

The Design Report by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/studiosc-0">Studio SC</a> notes that the project “intends to deliver a high-quality, high-density built form that supports the vision for the Leppington Town Centre, integrating mixed-use outcomes and public domain upgrades.” The development is expected to be delivered in stages, although a precise timeline is yet to be confirmed.

The project will be assessed through a future State Significant Development Application, with the Scoping Report indicating the team will seek design excellence via a competitive process or through an expert design review panel. Early massing diagrams suggest a series of mid- to high-rise buildings framing a central landscaped spine, with emphasis on pedestrian permeability and public space.

The planning documentation flags a strong sustainability agenda, stating that the development will “respond to the urban heat island effect, incorporate water sensitive urban design, and prioritise active transport”.

<img alt="Mixed Use Development 230 Rickard Rd Leppington" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="369d7b54-1279-4cde-88ec-dcb215594414" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Podium_1.png?VersionId=QArL7B2kkLt63vl5xvL0FNV_ardAlez4" />

The proposal follows in the footsteps of the Makaris’ nearby Fifth Avenue site, where they’ve submitted plans for three towers comprising nearly 500 apartments, with 10 per cent dedicated to affordable housing. That project features commercial podiums, a childcare centre, and a new public park that would occupy more than a third of the site.

Both developments are situated within walking distance of Leppington Train Station and fall under strategic precinct plans promoting higher density housing. The town centre is undergoing substantial transformation, driven by state government planning reforms aimed at fast-tracking housing delivery.

Together, the two projects represent a combined ambition of nearly 1,400 new homes across just under two kilometres of central Leppington.

Staff Writer

First look: 900-home mixed-use precinct planned for Leppington

Leading Australian integrated property development group, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aqualand-australia">Aqualand</a>, has released the signature penthouses crowning its landmark AURA by Aqualand precinct at 168 Walker Street in North Sydney, unveiling Il Magnate and La Divina as the largest and most luxurious penthouses in the suburb.

With prices anticipated to commence from $15 million, and each accompanied by a new Porsche Carrera 911 valued at over $500K, the residences mark the culmination of <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/aura-by-aqualand-north-sydney-168-walker-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">AURA by Aqualand</a>’s decade-long journey and the beginning of its final sales chapter. 
&nbsp; 
Their release follows more than $850 million in record-breaking residential sales and the building’s completion and occupation.

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The Richards Stanisich-designed 284 sqm Il Magnate and 224 sqm La Divina penthouses, collectively known as The Icons of AURA, are conceived as grand luxury homes rather than apartments, with expansive proportions, elevated materiality and curated identities that reflect their status as one-off residences.&nbsp;

Il Magnate features a grande master suite, complete with substantial walk-in dressing area and ensuite, three other bedrooms, second ensuite and another bathroom, powder room, open plan kitchen, scullery, substantial dining area and generous living room divided by a feature fireplace, and a multifunction wintergarden, which is ideal for a study and adjoining office breakout space. &nbsp;

Meanwhile, the La Divina residence offers the same amenities, sans the powder room, on a slightly smaller alternate floor plan configuration.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=30959 project_image_fid=358863]

Each occupies half of AURA by Aqualand’s topmost 28th level, comes with four secure car spaces and pairs sweeping Sydney Harbour panoramas with large-scale living spaces, refined detailing and a level of craftsmanship and amenity rarely offered in the North Shore market.&nbsp;

Penthouse residents will also receive Etymon’s ‘Black Key’ private concierge and lifestyle management service, an invitation only offering providing the ultimate in bespoke personalisation, including a range of everyday discrete services, from dinner party management, grocery deliveries, pet feeding or plants watered, dinners, snacks and coffee deliveries, event ticket sourcing, right up to organising travel visas and international airfares. Rarely seen in Australian properties, the service provides residents the benefits of living in a world-class luxury hotel-style home, akin to The Ritz, or the Waldorf Astoria.

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<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/richards-stanisich">Richards Stanisich</a>’s Director, Kirsten Stanisich, said the studio set out to craft residences that feel profoundly considered, contemporary and deeply connected to their setting.

“From the outset, we approached these penthouses with the sensibility of a grand Parisian residence - generous in scale, elegant in proportion and designed to feel more like a handcrafted home than an apartment," Stanisich said.

“Their elevated position and sweeping harbour outlook informed every decision, creating a rare connection between urban sophistication and natural calm. We shaped each space with expressive materiality, sculptural forms and bespoke detailing that invite touch and interaction.&nbsp;

“The result is a pair of residences defined by volume, light and an inherent softness - refined, flexible and deeply personal. These penthouses are unlike anything else in North Sydney, offering a sanctuary of true luxury framed by some of the city’s most remarkable views.”

For Aqualand’s Head of Sales &amp; Marketing, Alex Adams, the collaboration with Porsche underscores the shared ethos behind the residences.

“Aqualand’s collaboration with Porsche underpins both brand’s sharing an obsession with craftsmanship, design excellence, and enduring value," Adams said.

“Our penthouses are created for those who appreciate the finer details and expect the extraordinary at every touchpoint. Including a Porsche simply extends that experience beyond the residence - it’s a continuation of the lifestyle our buyers already live.”&nbsp;

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Aqualand’s Managing Director, Jin Lin, said the penthouses represent both the pinnacle of AURA by Aqualand and an important design benchmark for the company’s future pipeline.&nbsp;

“These stunning penthouses reflect the purest expression of Aqualand’s design ambition," Lin said.

“The unparalleled design intent makes them not only the glistening crown of AURA by Aqualand, but the crown of North Sydney itself. They’re essentially a thank you gift to a burgeoning community that deserves this level of quality and architectural consideration.&nbsp;

“We’re leveraging the unrivalled standard set here as the foundation for what comes next, including our upcoming Anderson Street, Chatswood; 15 Blue Street, North Sydney and Central Barangaroo projects. Purchasers of these penthouses will essentially be living inside the blueprint of Aqualand’s future.

“These landmark residences demonstrate how far North Sydney has evolved and the strength of demand for highly curated, bespoke luxury homes. They’re more than penthouses, they’re legacy residences.&nbsp;

“With AURA by Aqualand now a thriving new precinct with residents well and truly settled, and our in-house world-class lifestyle amenity activated, Il Magnate and La Divina represent a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to secure an extraordinary piece of North Sydney’s future.”

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=30959]

Joel Robinson

Aqualand launches North Sydney penthouses with free Porsche Carrera 911

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/bokarina-qld-4575">Bokarina</a> Beach has quietly evolved into one of the Sunshine Coast’s most complete coastal lifestyle precincts, defined not just by proximity to the ocean, but by how residential living, local retail and everyday amenity are stitched together.&nbsp;

Gardner Vaughan Group’s <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/bask-bokarina-38-bokarina-boulevard-bokarina-qld-4575">Bask Bokarina</a> now represents the final residential chapter in that transformation.

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Over recent years, the Bokarina Beach precinct has taken shape as a walkable, community-oriented neighbourhood, anchored by beachfront access, Lake Kawana to the west, and a growing mix of cafés, specialty retail and public open space.&nbsp;

With Zinc Bokarina already delivered next door by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/gardner-vaughan-group">Gardner Vaughan Group</a> (GVG), Bask is the last opportunity to buy a brand new apartment within the precinct, effectively rounding out a fully formed coastal village.

GVG has positioned Bask to strengthen that lifestyle framework. Nine ground-floor retail spaces are planned beneath the residences, extending Bokarina Boulevard’s existing activity and reinforcing the area’s everyday convenience, from casual dining and coffee to local services, within a short walk of the beach.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=141609 project_image_fid=333359]

The residential component comprises 135 apartments across two buildings, Mydas and Caretta, with a clear shift toward larger three- and four-bedroom layouts and penthouses. That mix reflects a maturing buyer profile in Bokarina, where demand is increasingly led by owner-occupiers and active downsizers seeking space, permanence, and connection to place rather than short-term coastal accommodation.

Design and amenity have followed the same logic. Residents will have access to a heated plunge pool, gym, private dining room with a full kitchen, landscaped communal gardens with barbecues and a firepit, and a shared herb and vegetable garden, facilities intended to support daily use rather than resort-style turnover. Pet-friendly features, including a dog wash bay, acknowledge both buyer expectations and the area’s dog-friendly beach, located around 250 metres from the site.

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“Bokarina has become one of the Sunshine Coast’s most desirable beachside communities, and Bask represents the very last chance to buy new in this location,” GVG Director Sam Gardner said.&nbsp;

“Our focus has been to create spacious, functional apartments that meet the needs of locals who want to downsize without compromise, as well as those seeking a full-time coastal retreat.”

Positioned between the Pacific Ocean and Lake Kawana, Bask apartments have been oriented to capture outlooks toward the water or the Glass House Mountains, reinforcing the project’s connection to its natural surroundings. With parks, beachfront paths, hospitals, retail and public transport already in place, Bask arrives at a point where the broader precinct is no longer emerging, but established.

Construction is expected to complete in Q3 this year, with apartments ready to move into this Spring.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=141609]

Bask to complete Bokarina’s Sunshine Coast lifestyle precinct as final apartments are released

Property development giant <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/avid-property-group">AVID Property Group</a> is approaching completion, and sell-out, of its Surry Hills apartment development, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-rathbone-23-47-flinders-street-surry-hills-nsw-2010">The Rathbone</a>.

The Flinders St project has sold well over half of its 32 apartments, which will sit above two retail spaces.

Now hitting the market are the final 14 one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments, which start from $1.15 million. AVID is targeting a mid-2026 completion.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5947 project_image_fid=51208]

AVID General Manager New South Wales Danny Boubli said as more apartments are introduced to increase housing options in inner-city areas, homebuyers are searching for a &nbsp;sense of belonging in addition to location, convenience and value.&nbsp;

“There are very few opportunities for new developments in Surry Hills, and since acquiring the site, we’ve even seen one early purchaser merge two apartments plans together, reflecting the demand for a spacious, premium offering in a prime location,” Boubli said.&nbsp;

“Demand has been strong since we launched to market – we don’t see these final apartments staying on the market for long.”&nbsp;

Architectural firm Studio SC has designed the building which pays homage to the former 1900s Rathbone Terraces that once sat on the 990 sqm island site.

Boubil said the team has made every effort to create "truly liveable apartments", through&nbsp;functional floor plans, security, storage, and the inclusion of quality fittings.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5947 project_image_fid=51207]

&nbsp;

Sustainable design has also been implemented throughout the development, with natural light flooding each apartment, ventilation throughout, extensive landscaping and where possible, materials with a high level of recycled content and low volatile organic compound paints have been used. &nbsp;

Apartments range in size from 57 sqm for the one-bedrooms to the large-scale 165 sqm three-beds which are priced at $2,575,000.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=5947]

AVID launches final apartments at The Rathbone, Surry Hills

A wave of investment, renewal and precinct growth continues to shape the northern edge of Macquarie Park, where daily life is supported by a rare combination of university activity, corporate employment, major retail, and expansive green corridors. It’s this convergence of amenity and connectivity underpins the setting for <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a>’s <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/la-vera-94-talavera-road-macquarie-park-nsw-2113">La Vera</a>, which has now topped out and is tracking toward completion in mid-2026.

Within this pocket of the precinct, residents move easily between the area’s key anchors. Macquarie Centre, home to more than 360 retailers, fresh food offerings, dining and entertainment, sits at the heart of local convenience and functions as a major transport interchange. The Metro, T1 rail line and extensive bus network place much of Sydney within quick reach, while surrounding arterial links support direct access to neighbouring districts.

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Green space remains a defining feature of the immediate environment. Lane Cove National Park stretches along the northern boundary of the precinct, offering bushland trails, cycling routes and quiet riverfront pockets. Shrimptons Creek and the campus grounds of Macquarie University extend these recreational networks, softening the urban setting and creating a daily connection to nature that informs the project’s architectural response.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">Cox Architecture</a> have shaped La Vera around these contrasts. The building’s northern elevation adopts an organic, curvilinear form that mirrors the natural topography of the national park. Three sculpted forms soften the tower’s profile and encourage a stronger transition between indoor living areas, balconies and the broader landscape.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134951 project_image_fid=223737]

Cox Director Felipe Miranda says the building’s outlook played a central role in the design process.

“The vision for the project was to conceive a building that adopted an organic and curvilinear form to the northern portion that faces the Lane Cove National Park… The residents that reside in the northern portion of the building benefit by having beautifully crafted curved balconies that speak to the natural context and heighten the relationship of their internal living spaces to the external balconies,” Felipe Miranda of Cox Architecture said.

Toward the city-facing side, the design shifts to a more urban expression. A gridded facade and extensive glazing capture CBD views, creating a dual strategy that blends ecological outlooks with metropolitan orientation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134951 project_image_fid=5827]

La Vera delivers 169 residences across one- to four-bedroom layouts, reflecting the needs of young families, downsizers, first-home buyers and investors seeking long-term certainty within a high-amenity location. From the project, residents can walk to Macquarie University, Macquarie Hospital and nearby corporate offices, reach national park trails within minutes, and enjoy retail and dining without relying on a car.

The project is delivered by Urban Property Group, a 4.5-star iCIRT-rated developer-builder with more than three decades of experience. The company has become a leader in adopting 10-Year Latent Defects Insurance (LDI), first introduced on its Parq Bexley development and now embedded into its pipeline.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134951 project_image_fid=223727]

La Vera is the first development in Macquarie Park approved to offer this 10-year LDI policy, adding another layer of protection for purchasers and reinforcing the transparency of the construction process.

Urban Property Group CEO Patrick Elias says this assurance has become increasingly important for buyers navigating the off-the-plan market.

“Consumers are a lot more weary and a lot more concerned in buying off the plan than they ever have been… Having LDI is a tool to portray the confidence that we have in our product, and a confidence we want buyers to share,” Urban Property Group CEO Patrick Elias said.

Urban Property Group's in-house construction team is forecasting a mid-2026 completion, with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/home789">HOME789</a> appointed as the project marketer.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134951]

La Vera delivers a nature-connected address within Macquarie Park’s core

Global Ranking

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The 2021 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey ranks Australia as having two of the most expensive housing markets in the world.

This year’s report assesses 92 major metropolitan markets in eight nations in the third quarter of 2020 with 36 severely unaffordable major housing markets.

The 10 least affordable were ranked as Hong Kong, Vancouver, Sydney, Auckland, Toronto, Melbourne, San Jose, San Francisco, Honolulu and London.

It is presented by the Urban Reform Institute and the Frontier Centre for Public Policy who work on a price to income ratio.

"It is not surprising that housing affordability — given the large influx of new buyers, particularly in suburban and outlying areas — has continued to deteriorate," institute president Charles Blain advised.

"As a result many low-income and middle-income households who already have suffered the worst consequences from housing inflation will see their standards of living further decline."

The report noted virtually all of the markets with severely unaffordable housing have urban containment policies that severely restrict building on their periphery.

It noted by 2004, all of the major markets of Australia had become severely unaffordable. "National price-to-income ratios were 3.0 or less in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States until the late 1980s or 1990s.

"However since that time, housing affordability has deteriorated significantly and by 2019 national median multiples had increased to 4.0 in the United States and Canada, nearly 6.0 in Australia and 7.0 in New Zealand," it noted.

<h2>Recently listed properties:</h2>

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The report assesses 92 major markets in metropolitan areas across eight nations

jchancellor

2021 Demographia International survey ranks Australia among the most expensive housing markets

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Australia slipped to 19th in the world for house price growth for the year to June 2020, according to the Knight Frank Global House Price Index Q2 2020.
In the same report for Q1, Australia had ranked 10th.
But it was still up 37 places from one year ago, when we were 56th, with negative growth over the previous 12 months of -7.4 per cent.
Over the last quarter, Australia was down -2 per cent, which made the house price growth 6.1 per cent higher for the year to date.
Topping the charts was turkey, whose 12 months change was up 25.7 per cent, with 11.2 per cent over the last quarter.
New Zealand was the best performing country in Asia Pacific, with growth of 9.1% over the past year, but it slipped in the rankings from 2 to 11 between March and June.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2020/9/8/Global%20Top%2020.jpg" alt="">
 
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<div>Knight Frank’s head of residential research Australia Michelle Ciesielski said the data in the most recently released Knight Frank Global House Price Index Q2 2020 was backward-looking, covering the year up to June 30, when the COVID-19 pandemic had hit most global markets.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>“It is not unusual for official house price indices to be published with a two or three month time lag, but this quarter 29* of the 56 countries and territories we track have yet to report their figures for Q2 2020, no doubt as a direct result of Covid-19 and operational challenges,” she said.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>“Despite this the data still offers a glimpse into the impact of COVID-19, with the number of countries and territories seeing a decline in prices increasing again. In total nine per cent of the areas tracked registered annual price declines in Q2 2020.</div>
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“While annual price growth in Australia has fallen slightly from the previous quarter, growth is still positive and 1.4 per cent higher than the average annual price change of 4.7% across the 56 countries and territories tracked in the index. 
“Australia has dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic better than some other countries and territories around the world, with the length and severity of the lockdown not as strong, which partly explains its stable performance. 
“However, it can also be attributable to the state of the housing market prior to the pandemic, with Australia’s market strong heading into 2020 with demand high and stock levels low.” 
Knight Frank national head of residential Shayne Harris said Australia’s housing market has seen continued demand throughout the pandemic, but fewer transactions due to sellers choosing to ‘wait and see’ how the pandemic would play out. 
“In Sydney the market continues to be underpinned by a severe shortage of stock for sale by both auction and private treaty,” he said. 
“Whilst in the past eight weeks the difficulties around obtaining finance have seen the number of registered bidders thin out at auction, the clearance rate remains stable as do prices across the inner and middle rings of metropolitan Sydney. 
“In Melbourne market conditions have been in steady decline for the past four months, with volumes and prices heading gradually south, although there was a very slight uptick in August. 
“The cities second lockdown, combined with reliance on overseas immigration and education to support the market, could see these conditions continue beyond the other capital cities who are ahead of the curve in relation to recovery. 
“In Brisbane quicker recovery from the pandemic than expected, combined with a tight apartment supply pipeline, has seen the Brisbane market emerge in a very strong position for 2021 and beyond. 
“Coming off an extended period of low price growth Brisbane’s affordability is the best capital city side by side with Perth in the short to medium term.”
 
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Australia drops down rankings in Knight Frank's Global House Price Growth Index

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How do Australian house prices compare to the rest of the world? REA's Nerida Conisbee

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Sydney has been ranked in top six of ultra-prime cities globally for number of residential sales above US $25 million, according to Knight Frank's assessment of the global ultra-prime residential market.
Hong Kong is the city with the highest number of ultra-prime sales, with New York and London ranked in second and third place.
Sarah Harding, Knight Frank partner for head of residential, said in a global market, Sydney remains the destination of choice for high net worth individuals due to a number of factors including the lifestyle and relative political stability.
“All ultra-prime transactions in Sydney over the past three years occurred in the Eastern Suburbs and all were for houses," Harding said.
"However, this is based on completed properties and we expect that off-plan sales will further increase these numbers when further prestige apartment buildings in Sydney are completed.
“In the 12 months ending August 2018, the total value of ultra-prime properties (over US $25 million) sold in Sydney was US $219 million across five transactions.
“Whilst Sydney is one of the smallest city markets in regard to transaction levels, it has some of the most spacious properties with the typical transaction encompassing plots of land, and an average saleable area of 1,976 square metres.
“Not only do the properties cover large areas, but the majority have waterfront views and a private swimming pool." 
The 12 month period to August 2018 shows a slight decline in Sydney from last year, but well up on the total value of transactions from 2015 and 2016.
The number of transactions in Sydney has been steady since 2015.
Click here to enlarge.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/12/11/Knight-Frank.jpg" alt="">
Knight Frank partner, Crown Residences at One Barangaroo, Erin van Tuil, said Sydney is now established as one of the world’s top ultra-prime city markets. 
"We have seen the reality of this in the market response to Crown Residences at One Barangaroo. Crown Residences has now offered UHNWIs a viable alternative to the traditional, free-standing harbour-side home in Sydney. 
“In Crown Residences, Sydney now has apartments that actually respond to the needs of UHNWIs; space, views, location, stunning design and of course the impeccable service of Crown Resorts. 
"I would expect to see transactions over US$25m increase over the coming years in Sydney.” 
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Sydney ranks in top six of ultra-prime cities globally for amount of prestige sales

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Australia continues to lead the world’s green building sector with further growth predicted over the next three years, according to a new global report.
The <a href="https://www.construction.com/toolkit/reports/world-green-building-trends-2018" target="_blank">World Green Building Trends 2018 SmartMarket Report</a>, released by Dodge Data and Analytics today, indicates support for the green building sector is growing globally, with organisations across the construction industry shifting towards more sustainable materials and practices.
It noted third-party certification systems such as the Green Building Council of Australia’s (GBCA) Green Star rating system were being used to make buildings perform more efficiently yielding both commercial and environmental gains.
“The drivers for green building in Australia are noted as market demand, client demand and improving occupant health and wellbeing.” the report states.
“Australia is also notably higher than the global average for each of these factors, demonstrating the sway they have on encouraging the green building market in this country.”
More than 2000 industry stakeholders across 86 countries, including architects, engineers, contractors, owners, consultants and investors, were surveyed for the report, including GBCA members.
It found 94% of Australian respondents are involved in green building projects, and a two-third majority (67%) report at least a moderate level of green activity, with 30% share or more of their work in the sector. Notably, 46% of respondents reported more than 60% of their projects were in the green building space, the highest of any country, and 64% expected by 2021 the majority of their work would be in green building.
GBCA Chief Executive Officer Romilly Madew said the results were a testament to the continued commitment and leadership of the Australian property sector to sustainably transform the built environment.
“Australia’s green building sector is continuing to innovate and is leading the world,” Madew said.
“The GBCA and its Green Star rating system continue to support the industry to set and maintain ambitious sustainability standards and provide guidance in the delivery of better outcomes on the ground for building owners, tenants, users and the broader community. 
“2018 has been monumental for the GBCA and just last month we certified our 2000th Green Star project.
“Understandably, commercial property continues to perform strongly in the adoption of green building in Australia driven by world-leading investor and market demand. Thirty-seven percent of Australia’s office space is now Green Star certified. 
“As green building expands we see huge growth opportunities in social infrastructure, led through government procurement, and in the residential sector.
“Investor demand to effectively manage climate risk and meet ambitious carbon reduction targets continues to be a major driver for green building. Increasingly though, there is a realisation of the wider social and economic benefits from a holistic approach to sustainability, for example improvements in health and well-being, amenity and liveability.
“The GBCA will continue to work with government and industry to ensure Australia continues to realise the benefits of its global leadership as evidenced in this report.”
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Australia leading the way as green building booms globally

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Melbourne lost its “most liveable city” title and is confronting being runner-up to Vienna after seven years at the top. These rankings are based on The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Global Liveability Index, which “assesses which locations around the world provide the best or the worst living conditions”.
But the tool was actually designed to help companies decide how much “hardship” allowance they would need to pay employees who relocate. So, The Economist suggests that none of the top cities – including Melbourne, Vienna and other Australian cities – need a hardship allowance at all. But it recommends a 20% allowance for cities at the bottom of the ranking like Port Moresby, Tripoli and Karachi.
Despite the hype, the Global Liveability Index focuses on things that matter to expats, not citizens. This is different to what is important to the average person living in Vienna, Melbourne or any other city – such as housing affordability, walkability, access to public transport and education, and the number of bike paths.
What the index measures
The Economist’s Global Liveability Index uses 30 indicators to measure five categories of liveability: stability (safety), health care, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. And 26 of the indicators are based on the “judgement of in-house expert country analysts and a field correspondent based in each city”.
These unknown critics score the performance of a city as acceptable, tolerable, uncomfortable, undesirable or intolerable.
There is no freely available information about the qualifications of these judges, why the categories were chosen to represent liveability, or how indicators in a category are weighted. While the summary report is free, a more detailed report will set you back US$620 and the actual data sets a smooth US$9,210, which we didn’t purchase. Our comments are based on the freely available information.
It appears that, beyond the well-designed league tables and flurry of media attention, The Economist’s Global Liveability Index is a mostly subjective rating with opaque methods for comparing cities.
Take for example the stability category. This includes crime, terror attacks and civil unrest, and makes up 25% of the total liveability score. Out of 100, Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide are judged to be five points less “stable” than Vienna, Osaka and Toronto. But there is no information on how The Economist’s experts came up with this conclusion.
Some of the indicators could be objectively measured, such as the prevalence of violent and petty crime, but they are still given a rating by The Economist’s experts. It isn’t clear what types of crime are included in this decision or how they are weighted.
Two indicators rate the availability and quality of private education, but there are no equivalent indicators for public education. Most students (65.6%) in Australia are enrolled in government schools. So, for the average family in Australia the availability and quality of the public education system is more important than private.
And, most importantly, the index seems to miss the things that affect the lived experience of city residents. Although housing “quality” and the availability and quality of private education are included, housing affordability, traffic congestion, walkability and lack of public transport, bike paths and essential services don’t appear to be in the index.
Yet these are some of the real problems facing Australians.
What it doesn’t measure
Both Sydney and Melbourne got full points in the “infrastructure” category. This includes the quality of public transport and roads, international links and quality of water provision and telecommunications.
While this may be true for inner-city residents, our research has found that some suburbs – particularly those on the urban fringe – are less lucky. Public transport in particular is often missing in outer suburbs. The index doesn’t consider how liveability is distributed across a city and if some people are missing out.
It also doesn’t take into account the environmental sustainability of cities. One study, which compared the liveability score of cities with their ecological footprint, found that Vienna’s is almost half that of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. However, none of these cities was found to be sustainable.
Better measures of liveability
If we really want to create liveable cities that promote the quality of life of citizens, we need transparent and objective measurements.
Our team has previously defined the key ingredients of a liveable city. These include safety, environmental sustainability and affordable and diverse housing linked by public transport, walking and cycling infrastructure to employment and the amenities needed for daily living.
These measures are based on our research of what affects the health and well-being of communities.

Chasing the hollow crown of the Global Liveability Index will not make Melbourne or any other city a better place to live. Instead, all levels of government should focus on creating and implementing policies that improve the liveability of cities for their residents.
Julianna Rozek, Research Officer, Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University
Billie Giles-Corti, Director, Urban Futures Enabling Capability Platform and Director, Healthy Liveable Cities Group, RMIT University
Lucy Gunn, Research Fellow, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-worlds-most-liveable-city-title-isnt-a-measure-of-the-things-most-of-us-actually-care-about-101525" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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The ‘most liveable city’ title doesn't mean what you probably think it does

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The main story from this quarter’s data is of slowing growth. 
Overall, the index increased by 5.1% year-on-year compared with 6.3% last quarter, so the index’s lowest rate of annual growth since the start of 2016. 
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Although nearly nine in every ten of the countries tracked by our index recorded positive annual price growth in the year to September 2017, almost half saw their rate of annual growth decline compared with the previous quarter. 
The shift was most evident at the top of the rankings table. Thirteen of the 15 strongest- performing housing markets around the world registered a slowdown in their rate of annual growth in the year to September.
But Australia was placed seventh in Knight Frank’s Global House Price Index for the September quarter, surging 25 places from 2016.  
The global index tracks housing market performance across 56 countries worldwide.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/12/7/figure1.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
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Iceland leads our annual rankings with average prices ending the year to September 20.4% higher, down from 23.2% last quarter. Iceland has now topped our annual rankings for four consecutive quarters. 
Hong Kong has clung on to second place but data from the Hong Kong Ratings and Valuation Department shows price growth equated to only 1.7% in the three months to September. 
Estonia, Hungary and New Zealand have dropped out of the top ten this quarter. New Zealand slipped from 10th place to 27th as annualised price growth declined from 10.4% to 5.2%. Tighter lending conditions and plans to introduce a ban on foreign investors in 2018 have potentially reduced some of the speculative activity in the market.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/12/7/Figure2.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/12/7/Figure2.jpg" alt="">
This quarter marks the inclusion of Saudi Arabia within the index for the first time. Latest data shows prices slipped 5.4% on an annual basis meaning it is second only to Ukraine as the weakest-performing market. The oil-dependent Saudi economy is struggling to gain traction, which along with the recent introduction of a levy on expatriate workers is stifling housing demand.
The US and the UK are following different trajectories, mirroring their economic performance. Average prices in the US accelerated 6.2% over the 12-month period, up from 5.8% last quarter whilst the UK has incurred a marginal dip from 2.8% to 2.6%. The UK market remains highly localised with affordability a key concern in many markets.
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Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/12/7/Figure3.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
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China has slipped from 12th to 19th position in our rankings. House prices are now rising at their slowest rate for five quarters, up by 6.5% on an annual basis according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
European housing markets are firmly back in the spotlight. On average, the region recorded 5.6% annual price growth in the year to September, up from 2.3% three years ago. The good news for Europe doesn’t end there. Greece (0.7%) may finally see price growth reach positive territory over the next quarter after nine years of negative annual growth.
Despite Europe’s recent recovery, analysis over a five and 10-year period underlines the extent to which countries within Asia Pacific still rank amongst the highest performers. (Figure 4).
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/12/7/Figure4.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/12/7/Figure4.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/12/7/Figure4.jpg" alt=""></a>
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The Knight Frank Global House Price Index, established in 2006, allows investors and developers to monitor and compare the performance of mainstream residential markets around the world. The index is compiled on a quarterly basis using official government statistics or central bank data where available. The index’s overall performance is weighted by GDP on a Purchasing Power Parity basis and the latest quarter’s data is provisional pending the release of all the countries’ results. 
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Australia surges to 7th place in weakening Global House Price Index: Knight Frank

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Knight Frank’s Global House Price Index: Q3 2017, which tracks housing market performance across 56 countries worldwide, has found that Australia defied the global trend by moving up to 7th position, maintaining 10.2 percent growth over the past quarter.
They move from 11th in the last quarter, also with a growth of 10.2 percent.
Overall, global house prices have increased by 5.1 percent in the year to September 2017. This is down from 6.3 percent growth the previous quarter.
The 5.1 percent growth represents the index's lowest rate of annual growth since the beginning of 2016.
Iceland leads the index for the 4th consecutive quarter, but its rate of growth has slowed.
European housing markets averaged 5.6% price growth in the year to September, up from 2.3% three years ago, while China has slipped from 12th to 19th position in the rankings as tighter macro-prudential regulations bite.
Knight Frank Australia's head of residential research Michelle Ciesielski noted Australia's strengthened position.
“The Global House Price Index has weakened, and now represents the lowest increase since the start of 2016. However, Australia’s annual price growth has been maintained at 10.2% in Q3 2017," she said.
“Interestingly, with weaker growth across the global marketplace, our ranking has moved up four spots to seventh place – we are also one of just seven cities tracked globally still performing with double-digit growth.
“Over the past five years to Q3 2017 the Asia Pacific region has dominated price growth led by India (76.1%), Hong Kong (60.1%) and New Zealand (56%).
“Australia was fifth in the region over this time, with total growth of 45.9%.” (See figure 4 below).
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/12/7/Figure4.jpg" alt="">
Sarah Harding, Head of Residential at Knight Frank Australia said that other capitals are making up for the Sydney drop.
"Although some of the heat has been taken out of the Sydney residential market of late, Melbourne, Hobart and Canberra are thriving – driving up total annual growth," Harding said.
“Additionally, the worst appears to be behind Perth’s residential markets and this is also contributing positively to the overall Australian performance.
“As investors find it increasingly harder to obtain finance, we’re experiencing more enquiries from owner-occupiers, including those looking to downsize, and we’re starting to see the return of first-time buyers to the market."
 
 
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Australia defies global trend in Global House Price Index: Knight Frank

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Sydney and Melbourne have again topped the global list for office rental performance, taking out the 2 top spots for annual prime office rental growth in the third quarter.
JLL’s latest <a href="http://www.jll.com/gmp/Global-Office-Index" target="_blank" style="font-size: 12.16px;">Global Office Index for Q3</a> shows Sydney way out in front globally in number one spot for annual growth between Q3 2016 and Q3 2017.  Sydney recorded 30.1% annual growth in prime rents.  Melbourne recorded 17.3% year-on-year growth for the same period, pushing it to the second global spot.
US cities came in next, with San Francisco Peninsula in third at 12.9% annual rental growth, New Jersey at 12.2% and Portland in 5th spot at 10.4%.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/11/29/Global%20office%20index.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/11/29/Global%20office%20index.jpg" alt="">
JLL’s Head of Office Leasing – Australia, Tim O’Connor said, “Sydney has consistently featured in the Top 10 Global performers rankings for the past 5 years and Melbourne for the past 2 years.
“Two years ago, Sydney ranked number one, while Melbourne was ranked fifth. While the Sydney story has continued on the back of centralisation, stock withdrawals and growth from the technology sector in particular, Melbourne is now following hot on the heels.
“The sharp reduction in vacancy that precipitated the upward pressure in Sydney and Melbourne rents has been amplified by the lack of available new supply coming on line in the short term. The number of options for larger space users in existing stock now means demand will be expressed through additional pre-commitment activity,” said Mr O’Connor.
JLL Charts below showing global rental performance over the past 2 and 5 years for comparison of Sydney and Melbourne rankings two and five years ago:
Two year global rental performance. Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/11/29/2%20year%20global%20rental%20performance.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/11/29/2%20year%20global%20rental%20performance.jpg" alt="">
Five year global rental performance. Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/11/29/5%20year%20global%20rental%20performance.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
 <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/11/29/5%20year%20global%20rental%20performance.jpg" alt="">
 
JLL’s Q3 <a href="http://www.jll.com/gmp/Global-Office-Index" target="_blank">Global Office Index</a> states that rental growth for prime offices across the 125 major markets covered by the JLL Global Office Index continued to pick up pace in Q3 2017, rising by 2.7% year-on-year. 
This was significantly above the 10-year average growth of 1.6%.
Momentum is expected to continue with above-average increases in 2018, with a projected uplift of 3% for the full year 2017 and 2.3% globally next year. 
JLL Head of Research – Australia, Andrew Ballantyne said, “Sydney and Melbourne effective rental growth was in double digit territory over 2016 and 2017. We expect that effective rental growth will ease back from this rate in 2018. 
“Nevertheless, Sydney and Melbourne effective rental growth is projected to remain above 7% in 2018 with the potential to be even higher if the competition for space exerts further downward pressure on leasing incentives,” said Mr Ballantyne. 
JLL’s Victorian Managing Director, David Bowden said, “Melbourne’s rental growth story has been strengthening since mid-2016. 
“Limited new supply and strong office sector demand have combined to put significant upward pressure on face rents. Asset owners took a while to adjust their incentive expectations however these started coming down at the end of 2016. 
“Melbourne’s CBD office market is benefiting from strong population growth which is fuelling business expansion in a diverse range of sectors. In 2016, the leasing market had the highest net absorption since 1978 and has remained strong in 2017, dominated by small business expansion which has accounted for over 63% of office sector demand. 
“New rental benchmarks have been set this year for both existing assets and for the new stock due to come to the market over 2018 – 2020,” Bowden said.
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Sydney and Melbourne rank top two globally for office rents growth: JLL

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Australia ranks above Taiwan and below Switzerland in the Global Property Guide with a price per square metre of $7,250 and annual yield at 4.39%.
<table style="height: 1624px; width: 326px;" border="1">
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<col>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="s0" colspan="4">GLOBAL PROPERTY GUIDE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s1" colspan="4">RENTAL YIELDS GLOBAL PROPERTY GUIDE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s2"> </td>
<td class="s2"> </td>
<td class="s2"> </td>
<td class="s2"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s3">Apartments in</td>
<td class="s4">Price/sq. m</td>
<td class="s4">Rent/mo.</td>
<td class="s5">Yield/ p.a</td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
<td class="s6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">UK</td>
<td class="s8">€25,575.00</td>
<td class="s8">€8,213.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.21%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Hong Kong</td>
<td class="s8">$22,814</td>
<td class="s8">$6,431</td>
<td class="s8">2.82%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">USA</td>
<td class="s8">$18,499</td>
<td class="s8">$7,225</td>
<td class="s8">3.91%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Singapore</td>
<td class="s8">$15,251</td>
<td class="s8">$4,332</td>
<td class="s8">2.83%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Japan</td>
<td class="s8">$14,409</td>
<td class="s8">$5,393</td>
<td class="s8">3.74%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">France</td>
<td class="s8">€13,639.00</td>
<td class="s8">€3,938.00</td>
<td class="s8">2.89%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Russia</td>
<td class="s8">€11,866.00</td>
<td class="s8">€3,820.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.22%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">India</td>
<td class="s8">$11,455</td>
<td class="s8">$2,540</td>
<td class="s8">2.22%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Austria</td>
<td class="s8">€10,807.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,351.00</td>
<td class="s8">2.18%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Israel</td>
<td class="s8">$10,166</td>
<td class="s8">$2,318</td>
<td class="s8">2.28%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Switzerland</td>
<td class="s8">€10,020.00</td>
<td class="s8">€3,816.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.81%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Australia</td>
<td class="s8">$7,250</td>
<td class="s8">$3,182</td>
<td class="s8">4.39%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Taiwan</td>
<td class="s8">$7,112</td>
<td class="s8">$1,117</td>
<td class="s8">1.57%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Bermuda</td>
<td class="s8">$7,056</td>
<td class="s8">$5,597</td>
<td class="s8">4.76%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">BVI</td>
<td class="s8">$6,469</td>
<td class="s8">$3,071</td>
<td class="s8">2.85%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Canada</td>
<td class="s8">$6,399</td>
<td class="s8">$2,672</td>
<td class="s8">4.18%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Finland</td>
<td class="s8">€6,214.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,254.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.63%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Italy</td>
<td class="s8">€5,930.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,288.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.86%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Luxembourg</td>
<td class="s8">€5,669.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,180.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.85%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">UAE</td>
<td class="s8">$5,538</td>
<td class="s8">$3,340</td>
<td class="s8">6.03%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">New Zealand</td>
<td class="s8">$4,964</td>
<td class="s8">$1,765</td>
<td class="s8">6.09%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Netherlands</td>
<td class="s8">€4,907.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,675.00</td>
<td class="s8">5.45%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Denmark</td>
<td class="s8">€4,279.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,071.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.84%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">South Africa</td>
<td class="s8">$4,214</td>
<td class="s8">$1,636</td>
<td class="s8">3.88%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Cayman Is.</td>
<td class="s8">$4,163</td>
<td class="s8">$3,018</td>
<td class="s8">7.25%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Germany</td>
<td class="s8">€4,078.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,362.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.34%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Brazil</td>
<td class="s8">$3,751</td>
<td class="s8">$1,765</td>
<td class="s8">4.71%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Lebanon</td>
<td class="s8">$3,693</td>
<td class="s8">$2,082</td>
<td class="s8">4.51%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Thailand</td>
<td class="s8">$3,638</td>
<td class="s8">$1,837</td>
<td class="s8">5.05%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Bahamas</td>
<td class="s8">$3,632</td>
<td class="s8">$2,964</td>
<td class="s8">8.16%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">St Kitts and Nevis</td>
<td class="s8">$3,496</td>
<td class="s8">$1,712</td>
<td class="s8">4.90%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Spain</td>
<td class="s8">€3,442.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,345.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.91%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Czech Rep.</td>
<td class="s8">€3,384.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,415.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.18%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Turkey</td>
<td class="s8">€3,324.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,346.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.05%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">St Martin</td>
<td class="s8">$3,267</td>
<td class="s8">$4,000</td>
<td class="s8">4.90%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Philippines</td>
<td class="s8">$3,156</td>
<td class="s8">$2,369</td>
<td class="s8">7.51%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Martinique</td>
<td class="s8">$2,979</td>
<td class="s8">$1,524</td>
<td class="s8">5.12%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Guadeloupe</td>
<td class="s8">$2,925</td>
<td class="s8">$1,445</td>
<td class="s8">4.94%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Cambodia</td>
<td class="s8">$2,913</td>
<td class="s8">$1,553</td>
<td class="s8">5.33%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Malaysia</td>
<td class="s8">$2,873</td>
<td class="s8">$1,004</td>
<td class="s8">3.50%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Slovenia</td>
<td class="s8">€2,843.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,268.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.46%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Ukraine</td>
<td class="s8">€2,807.00</td>
<td class="s8">€2,550.00</td>
<td class="s8">9.09%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Andorra</td>
<td class="s8">€2,761.00</td>
<td class="s8">€942.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.41%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Chile</td>
<td class="s8">$2,749</td>
<td class="s8">$1,714</td>
<td class="s8">6.23%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Malta</td>
<td class="s8">€2,748.00</td>
<td class="s8">€888.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.23%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Indonesia</td>
<td class="s8">$2,692</td>
<td class="s8">$2,395</td>
<td class="s8">8.90%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Mexico</td>
<td class="s8">$2,635</td>
<td class="s8">$2,045</td>
<td class="s8">7.76%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Argentina</td>
<td class="s8">$2,632</td>
<td class="s8">$2,032</td>
<td class="s8">7.72%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Latvia</td>
<td class="s8">€2,618.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,228.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.92%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Greece</td>
<td class="s8">€2,572.00</td>
<td class="s8">€984.00</td>
<td class="s8">3.83%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Poland</td>
<td class="s8">€2,482.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,666.00</td>
<td class="s8">6.71%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Belgium</td>
<td class="s8">€2,420.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,338.00</td>
<td class="s8">5.53%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Estonia</td>
<td class="s8">€2,373.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,016.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.28%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Trinidad &amp; T.</td>
<td class="s8">$2,334</td>
<td class="s8">$1,607</td>
<td class="s8">6.88%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Serbia</td>
<td class="s8">€2,239.00</td>
<td class="s8">€994.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.44%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Peru</td>
<td class="s8">$2,074</td>
<td class="s8">$1,206</td>
<td class="s8">5.81%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Morocco</td>
<td class="s8">$2,015</td>
<td class="s8">$1,217</td>
<td class="s8">6.04%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Panama</td>
<td class="s8">$2,001</td>
<td class="s8">$1,799</td>
<td class="s8">8.99%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Lithuania</td>
<td class="s8">€1,998.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,195.00</td>
<td class="s8">5.98%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Slovak Rep.</td>
<td class="s8">€1,982.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,110.00</td>
<td class="s8">5.60%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Colombia</td>
<td class="s8">$1,893</td>
<td class="s8">$1,213</td>
<td class="s8">6.41%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">St Lucia</td>
<td class="s8">$1,860</td>
<td class="s8">$1,108</td>
<td class="s8">3.57%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Cyprus</td>
<td class="s8">€1,790.00</td>
<td class="s8">€757.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.23%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Portugal</td>
<td class="s8">€1,771.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,022.00</td>
<td class="s8">5.77%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Croatia</td>
<td class="s8">€1,764.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,072.00</td>
<td class="s8">6.07%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Costa Rica</td>
<td class="s8">$1,642</td>
<td class="s8">$1,147</td>
<td class="s8">8.38%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Romania</td>
<td class="s8">€1,537.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,193.00</td>
<td class="s8">7.76%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Hungary</td>
<td class="s8">€1,528.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,154.00</td>
<td class="s8">7.55%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Aruba</td>
<td class="s8">$1,455</td>
<td class="s8">$1,774</td>
<td class="s8">7.32%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Jamaica</td>
<td class="s8">$1,404</td>
<td class="s8">$1,369</td>
<td class="s8">9.75%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Montenegro</td>
<td class="s8">€1,400.00</td>
<td class="s8">€1,055.00</td>
<td class="s8">7.53%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Nicaragua</td>
<td class="s8">$1,342</td>
<td class="s8">$1,596</td>
<td class="s8">7.13%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Ecuador</td>
<td class="s8">$1,278</td>
<td class="s8">$1,027</td>
<td class="s8">8.04%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Bulgaria</td>
<td class="s8">€1,222.00</td>
<td class="s8">€566.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.64%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Jordan</td>
<td class="s8">$1,211</td>
<td class="s8">$1,290</td>
<td class="s8">10.65%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">El Salvador</td>
<td class="s8">$1,193</td>
<td class="s8">$1,013</td>
<td class="s8">8.49%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Kenya</td>
<td class="s8">$1,188</td>
<td class="s8">$820</td>
<td class="s8">6.90%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Macedonia</td>
<td class="s8">€1,134.00</td>
<td class="s8">€565.00</td>
<td class="s8">4.98%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Puerto Rico</td>
<td class="s8">$1,103</td>
<td class="s8">$801</td>
<td class="s8">7.26%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Moldova</td>
<td class="s8">€965.00</td>
<td class="s8">€965.00</td>
<td class="s8">10.00%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Egypt</td>
<td class="s8">$831</td>
<td class="s8">$977</td>
<td class="s8">9.40%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Tanzania</td>
<td class="s8">$700</td>
<td class="s8">$500</td>
<td class="s8">8.57%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Gambia</td>
<td class="s8">$667</td>
<td class="s8">$330</td>
<td class="s8">5.94%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s7">Madagascar</td>
<td class="s8">$520</td>
<td class="s8">$320</td>
<td class="s8">7.38%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="15"> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="s9" colspan="4">SOURCE: globalpropertyguide.com with mixed pricing</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body></html>

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