<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/broadbeach-qld-4218">Broadbeach</a> offers plenty of reasons to live vertically, but moving from a substantial family home into an apartment can expose the compromises of high-density living. Privacy, room for guests and usable living space tend to matter more when an apartment is intended as a permanent home rather than an occasional coastal base.

A typical residential floor at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-eveleigh-broadbeach-7-9-surf-parade-broadbeach-qld-4218">The Eveleigh</a>, on Surf Parade,&nbsp;contains just four apartments. The 94-residence development by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/hirsch-faigen">Hirsch &amp; Faigen</a> is predominantly made up of expansive three-bedroom homes, with a limited collection of half-floor penthouses above.

Across the apartment floors, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a> has used the relatively limited number of residences to give each home greater access to natural light and outlook. Living spaces extend towards full-height glazing, while a series of bay windows frame selected views across the Pacific Ocean, city and hinterland rather than treating the building edge as a continuous wall of glass.

&nbsp;

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“The apartment floors deliver a collection of homes that embrace controlled outlook via a series of bay windows deliberately framing moments of view,” Rothelowman Director Kim Lowman said.

From outside, those projecting forms contribute to the tower’s faceted profile. Strong horizontal and vertical elements establish its proportions, while the changing position of the sun alters the light, shadow and reflection across the façade throughout the day.

The same attention moves inside the apartments, where the material palette combines warm timber, natural stone, metallic detailing and softer curved forms. Kitchens sit within the main living zone, with stone island benches, integrated joinery and European appliances, before the living areas extend towards the glazing and the outlook.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360981]

Three genuine bedrooms provide room to accommodate family and guests, while two secure car spaces and storage address some of the practical considerations that can become more noticeable when moving from a larger home. Feedback from the display suite has centred on the warmth and restraint of the interiors, with buyers commenting that the residences feel like homes rather than conventional coastal apartments.

A limited collection of half-floor penthouses occupies the upper levels, increasing the scale of the living spaces and adding private balconies and elevated finishes. From this position, the outlook extends between the ocean and hinterland.

Outside the private residences, The Eveleigh separates its shared spaces between the podium and rooftop. The podium is centred on wellness, with subtropical landscaping surrounding a swimming pool and pool terrace, yoga garden, private gymnasium, sauna and hot and cold plunge facilities. Landscaped retreats and pavilions provide additional places to sit away from the main recreation areas.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360966]

Higher in the building, a rooftop pavilion and private dining suite sit alongside resident lounge, barbecue and outdoor dining areas, opening towards panoramic views across the ocean, city and hinterland.

“Buyers are no longer just looking for an apartment, but a lifestyle where they can relax, reset, and enjoy a balanced way of living,” Hirsch &amp; Faigen Director of Sales Matt George said.

Interest to date has come from established owner-occupiers and interstate lifestyle purchasers, including buyers planning a future move to the Gold Coast. Many are coming from larger homes and want to reduce ongoing maintenance without giving up space for family and guests, privacy, two car spaces or the ability to entertain at home.

&nbsp;

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Much of that daily life can also take place beyond the building without requiring a drive. Kurrawa Beach and Pratten Park are an easy walk from Surf Parade, while Pacific Fair, Oracle Boulevard, The Oasis, restaurants, cafés, entertainment and public transport are also within walking distance.

The Eveleigh is Hirsch &amp; Faigen's fourth Gold Coast development since entering the market in 2021, following The Hemingway at Palm Beach, The Emerson at Kirra and Yves at Mermaid Beach. Each of the preceding projects sold out before completion.

“Broadbeach had been on our radar throughout our time operating on the Gold Coast,” the developer said. “Following our projects in Palm Beach, Kirra and Mermaid Beach, Broadbeach represented the natural next step for the business.”

The Surf Parade site brought together proximity to the beach, protected coastal outlooks and walkability to dining, shopping and recreation. Hirsch &amp; Faigen also identified the street as an emerging premium residential address, with enough separation from Broadbeach's busier destinations to retain a quieter environment at home.

The Eveleigh is now under construction by Maxcon, with completion forecast for mid-2028. Three-bedroom residences are currently available from $2.87 million.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=149670]

Joel Robinson

The Eveleigh brings house-like apartments to Broadbeach

A long-stalled Campbelltown development site is back in play, with new plans for 139 apartments set to supersede a mixed-use scheme approved almost a decade ago but never built.

The new proposal for 28 Cordeaux Street would deliver 116 market and 23 affordable apartments in a part 14-storey building, bringing a substantial new project into a Campbelltown market where new apartment supply remains limited.

Plans have been filed over the 3,092 sqm corner site at Moore-Oxley Street, around 600 metres from Campbelltown Railway Station and the city-centre retail core.

The site already carries a mixed-use residential approval dating to 2016. Doroch Architects has now been engaged on a larger replacement scheme, which is progressing as a State Significant Development Application following a Housing Delivery Authority determination in August 2025.

The apartment mix comprises 39 one-bedroom, 72 two-bedroom and 28 three-bedroom residences. Two-bedroom apartments make up just over half of the project, while three-bedroom homes account for 20 per cent.

<img alt="First look: New 139-apartment plans revive long-stalled Campbelltown city centre site" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="136dd5b9-3791-4da6-9e31-76f533f5b4de" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Campbelltown%20da2.png?VersionId=LgOSy9nwf5u.MGswBBwaGGxuX8QpHSl_" />

Of the 139 apartments, 23 will be delivered as affordable housing under the in-fill affordable housing provisions of the Housing SEPP. The affordable component represents 15 per cent of the residential gross floor area and will be managed by a registered Community Housing Provider.

Doroch has sought to break the scale of the building into two distinct elements, with a masonry podium of around four storeys establishing the street edge before the residential tower steps back above.

The corner position has shaped that approach. Cordeaux Street faces toward the commercial and civic centre, while Moore-Oxley Street leads into the lower-scale residential neighbourhood to the south, and the design verification report describes the site as "bridging the commercial core to the north and established residential areas to the south."

The podium will be expressed predominantly in face brick, while the upper levels shift to brushed and grooved concrete cladding with darker metal detailing. Recessed sections, deep balcony edges and landscaping break down the upper form, with an approximately 11.8-metre setback to the northern boundary addressing the adjoining St Peters Anglican School.

<img alt="First look: New 139-apartment plans revive long-stalled Campbelltown city centre site" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c8b3d2d3-c561-4bfc-a5d9-a68c0c10dac1" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Campbelltown%20da1.png?VersionId=AeAEyJU02Gk2k5noUj2StziCvdQ7fW4B" />

Campbelltown has been starved of new residential developments in the last decade.

The only other notable development set to come to market this year is ALAND's Queen Square, a mixed-use precinct on over two hectares that will comprise apartments above a vibrant ground-level retail and hospitality dining precinct.

First look: New 139-apartment plans revive long-stalled Campbelltown city centre site

First Look: Sherlock Construction pitches apartments for low-rise Deception Bay

Queensland builder-developer MAYD has revealed the first look at its major North Kirra beachfront development, lodging amended plans that reduce the number of apartments and increase the proportion of larger residences.

The project is planned across a substantial 4,742 sqm amalgamated site spanning seven lots at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/2-6-pacific-parade-bilinga-qld-4225">2-6 Pacific Parade</a> and 27-33 Golden Four Drive in Bilin​ga, directly opposite Nor​th Kirra Beach.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/mayd-group">MAYD</a> secured the site for $32.5 million in 2025, in what was one of the Gold Coast's largest property transactions of the year.

The development will be delivered across two stages, with the first stage carrying an estimated gross realisation value of around $360 million.

The latest amendments seek to reduce the overall apartment count and shift the project further toward the owner-occupier market, with larger residences designed for buyers wanting considerably more space than traditionally offered in a beachfront apartment.

The residential mix will include townhomes, oversized two-bedroom apartments, substantial three-bedroom residences and four-bedroom homes.

MAYD has appointed Cera Stribley to lead the architecture and interiors, with the Melbourne-based design practice drawing on the beachfront setting through a series of ocean-facing terraces and heavily landscaped balconies.

Strong horizontal forms and curved balconies will define the exterior, with subtropical landscaping integrated throughout the building to soften the built form and increase the connection between the residences and the beachfront.

The project will also include an extensive collection of resident wellness and lifestyle facilities, continuing the broader shift across the Gold Coast's luxury apartment market toward larger homes supported by resort-style amenity.

<img alt="MAYD" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d1bcbb05-e659-4b47-8bd4-1e595315e2ad" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-08-27%20at%202.05.03%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=jj0XEud1X1DuLt7_KyElhjMdZGOXmLHP" />

MAYD Founder Todd Mould said North Kirra was increasingly appealing to buyers attracted to the more established, lower-density character of the southern Gold Coast.

"North Kirra presents one of the most compelling luxury residential opportunities currently emerging in Australia, combining absolute beachfront with the character and authenticity that buyers are increasingly seeking, and the same sense of tight-knit community that defined Burleigh and Currumbin perhaps 10 or 15 years ago," Mould said.

"With Gold Coast Airport on its doorstep, it also offers a level of accessibility that broadens its appeal across almost every market demographic."

The project comes as the southern Gold Coast continues to attract an increasing share of high-end apartment development and buyer activity.

Kirra in particular has emerged as one of the region's more tightly held beachfront markets, with its relatively low-density character, established surf and hospitality scene and proximity to Gold Coast Airport differentiating it from the higher-density markets further north.

Mould said those characteristics had informed the approach MAYD and Cera Stribley had taken to the project.

"We've worked closely with Cera Stribley to create a vision that is deeply connected to its surroundings," he said.

"Inspired by the coastline itself, the architecture has been shaped around space, privacy and resort-style living, creating a collection of homes that reflects the next generation of luxury on the southern Gold Coast."

MOTIV Managing Director Carly Cottam, who has been appointed to market the project, said buyer attention had continued to move south along the Gold Coast.

"Purchasers who may once have defaulted to Broadbeach, Main Beach or Surfers Paradise are increasingly recognising the value of a genuine beachfront location that offers lower density, strong amenity and a more established sense of community," Cottam said.

"Kirra has a powerful combination of growing demand and genuine scarcity. Beachfront supply is inherently constrained, the area remains relatively low density, and buyers are increasingly placing a premium on locations that feel established, uncrowded and authentic rather than heavily developed."

Cottam said the proximity to Gold Coast Airport was also proving increasingly important for interstate and second-home buyers.

"Being minutes from Gold Coast Airport makes it particularly compelling for interstate buyers, frequent travellers and second-home purchasers who can access an authentic coastal lifestyle almost immediately after stepping off a flight."

The acquisition takes MAYD's active development portfolio to more than $500 million, with the North Kirra project representing one of its largest undertakings to date.

MAYD is targeting an early 2027 launch.

First look at MAYD's North Kirra mixed-use precinct

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Castle Hill, the longtime hub of the Hills District, has been one of the major beneficiaries of Sydney's Metro expansion, with improved connectivity helping drive continued population growth, development and buyer demand across the Hills District.

But despite that growth, the suburb has seen relatively few major new apartment projects brought to market over the past 18 months.

Hills District developer Reve Group is looking to fill that gap with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/nova-r-ve-castle-hill-2-garthowen-crescent-castle-hill-nsw-2154">Nova Rêve</a>, a major new mixed-use precinct on the corner of Garthowen Crescent and Old Castle Hill Road, a short walk from Castle Hill Metro Station and Castle Towers.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152737 project_image_fid=377679]

The project will comprise three residential towers alongside a hotel, restaurants, cafes and a skybar, more than 1,600 sqm of ground-floor retail and almost an acre of landscaped gardens.

It represents the largest project undertaken by Reve Group, the development arm of the Kassis family, which has been building across the Hills District for more than 30 years through Kassis Homes.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152737 project_image_fid=377675]

Nova Rêve also represents a significant step up from the family's first apartment development, Grand Rêve, which was delivered nearby on Garthowen Crescent.

Grand Rêve introduced larger, house-like apartment layouts and premium inclusions including Wolf and Sub-Zero appliances to the Castle Hill market.

Nova Rêve takes that approach to a precinct scale, combining the residential component with hospitality, retail and substantial public and resident landscaping.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152737 project_image_fid=377685]

Reve Group Managing Director Sam Kassis said the project reflected the family's three decades of building in the Hills, which has evolved from trophy homes on quarter-acre blocks to larger-scale apartment development.

"Grand Rêve was our first apartment project here and it showed us what this pocket of Castle Hill could be. Nova Rêve is the refinement of that idea: not just apartments, but a place the whole suburb can use," Kassis said.

A key part of that approach is the hotel, which has been designed to operate as an amenity for the wider Castle Hill community rather than solely hotel guests.

It will include restaurants, cafes, skybars and all-day dining, alongside conference and event facilities catering to business functions, community groups and private events.

At ground level, more than 1,600 sqm of shops and cafes will open onto the surrounding streets and landscaped areas.

Almost an acre of gardens designed by Land and Form Studios will run through the precinct, incorporating pathways, seating, barbecue areas and children's play spaces.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=152737 project_image_fid=377680]

Reve Group's Romio Georges said creating an active ground plane had been central to the planning of Nova Rêve.

"There are gardens with pathways, barbecues, seating and play areas, shops and cafes opening onto the street, and a hotel with restaurants and a skybar that anyone in Castle Hill can walk into," Georges said.

The project's elevated position on one of Sydney's highest ridgelines will also provide apartments with outlooks toward the Sydney skyline, surrounding parkland and the Blue Mountains.

More than 80 per cent of the apartments will occupy corner positions, with Turner responsible for both the architecture and interiors.

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Nova Rêve arrives as Reve Group bets on Castle Hill's next growth phase

Cattle Farm

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
The Australian dairy farming industry is in a state of crisis. Cheap dairy products and fluctuations in both the domestic and global markets have taken a financial toll on farmers. Consumers have rallied to help struggling dairy producers.
But this is only half the problem. The true cost of dairy is also paid by dairy cows and the environment.
<h2>Welfare problems</h2>
Despite the idyllic image of outdoor farming, several industry practices negatively affect dairy cows. To meet production demands, dairy cows are subject to a continuous cycle of impregnation, induced calving and milking.
Tail-docking and horn removal are routinely performed without pain relief. Lameness is another major animal welfare problem, often the result of environmental pressures, such as tracks, herd size and handling. The average lifespan of a dairy cow is six to seven years, whereas generally cows can live for 20 to 25 years.
One of the most controversial issues is young “bobby” calves. A bobby calf is a newborn calf, less than 30 days old, who has been purposely separated from their mother. Immediately after separation, cow and calf call out and search for each other.
Most bobby calves are slaughtered within the first week of their life. Handling and transport pose added problems for young calves who have not developed herding behaviours, are vulnerable to stress, and are forced to go without their mother’s milk. Each year, 450,000 bobby calves are slaughtered.
Advocacy groups frequently uncover the routine abuse of bobby calves in Australian abattoirs and challenge the dairy industry to do something about it.
Yet aside from the wider ethical questions over the use and exploitation of animals, farmers are not legally doing anything wrong. This is because the treatment of animals operates in a legal context where animals are considered absolute property.
What’s more, farm animals are exempt from the provisions of anti-cruelty legislation. Codes of practice are practically useless, because they promote low welfare standards and are unenforceable.
<h2>The environmental impact</h2>
As well as systematic welfare problems, livestock farming is, both directly and indirectly, one of the most ecologically harmful human activities. The Australian livestock sector is worth A$17 billion and dairy cattle farming is a A$4.2 billion industry.
In Australia, livestock farming accounts for 10 percent to 16 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, with dairy farms contributing 19 percent of this, or 3 percent of total emissions. Methane emissions, from digestion and manure, and nitrous oxide from livestock are significant contributors. Globally, the livestock sector is responsible for more greenhouse gases than the world’s transport.
Livestock production accounts for 70 percent of all agricultural land, including the land used to grow crops to feed these animals. Animal agriculture is a key factor in land degradation, deforestation, water stress, pollution, and loss of biodiversity.
Livestock farming will also be affected by climate change, particularly changes in temperature and water. The quantity and quality of pasture and forage crops will also be affected. Diseases may increase due to fluctuating weather and climate.
<h2>Emissions can be reduced</h2>
Just as the energy sector is attempting to transition to low-carbon energy sources to tackle climate change, the agricultural sector needs to transition to an ethical and sustainable alternative.
From the current crisis, there are several opportunities for farmers to seize. Large transitions are possible in land use, production, output and profitability.
Places such as Gippsland in Victoria, which currently produces 19% of Australia’s dairy, have the opportunity for agricultural development based on apples and brassicas, such as broccoli, kale, cauliflower, cabbage, turnip and mustard. Some of these crops are already popular in the region. As a result of climate change and increasing temperatures, some areas will be more suitable than others.
While still in the stages of research, perennial grain crops – which store more carbon, maintain better soil and water quality, and manage nutrients better than annuals – have the potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture. New land uses could also include carbon plantings, biofuels and bioenergy crops. Investing into further research for alternatives to livestock farming is needed.
Some have argued that livestock emissions can be technically mitigated by modifying animal feed, better managing pastures, carbon sequestration and manure storage.
<h2>Welfare issues remain</h2>
But technical mitigation does not address the endemic animal welfare problems in the livestock industry.
Consumer demand is one of the most powerful strategies to combat animal welfare and environmental problems. Research shows that we must reduce food waste and losses in the supply chain and change our diets toward less resource-intensive diets, such as a plant-based diets. Doing so would cut emissions by two-thirds and save lives. It’s possible to eliminate animal suffering and reduce carbon emissions by reducing and replacing livestock production and consumption.
Alternatives to dairy milk include soy and almond milk. Soy milk is nutritionally comparable to dairy milk and has a significantly smaller environmental footprint.
Policy initiatives also need to address these issues. The Food and Agriculture Organization’s Livestock’s Long Shadow report recommends a policy approach that correctly prices natural resources to reflect the full environmental costs and to end damaging subsidies. In the interim, higher taxes on meat and other livestock products will be necessary to improve public health and combat climate change.
Denmark, for instance, is considering proposals raise the tax on meat, after its ethics council concluded that “climate change is an ethical problem”.
Governments everywhere need to have a transitional plan for livestock producers and workers – one that helps to cultivate the ethical and sustainable agricultural endeavours of the future.
Gonzalo N Villanueva is PhD Candidate, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gonzalo-n-villanueva-14280" target="_blank">here</a>.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Dairy farmers are being ‘milked dry’, but let’s remember the real cost of milk

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
In making a preliminary decision on the sale of S. Kidman &amp; Co to a Chinese consortium, the Treasurer Scott Morrison has shed some light on what the government defines as being in the “national interest”.
He describes the Chinese bid as being contrary to Australia’s national interes<a href="https://sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/050-2016/?utm_source=wysija&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Media+Release+-+Preliminary+decision+of+foreign+investment+application+for+purchase+of+S.+Kidman+%26+Co+Limited">t</a>, because:
“the form in which the Kidman portfolio has been offered as a single aggregated asset, has rendered it difficult for Australian bidders to be able to make a competitive bid.”
The decision was rationalised not on any of the pre-existing national interest test provisions, but rather the fact that Australian companies had struggled to make a competitive bid.
By doing this, the Treasurer has articulated a new policy objective, not previously part of the national interest test: that an Australian firm should have a substantial stake in the bidding process.
<h2>How is national interest defined?</h2>
The consortium bid for Kidman, the largest private land holding in Australia, was subject to approval by the Treasurer and the Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB). All investments which are screened by the FIRB are subject to a “national interest test”.
The specific content of this test is not legislatively defined, and is decided on a case-by-case basis according to the judgement of the Treasurer. However, the FIRB does provide investors a set of ‘guidelines’, which outline five factors that are usually considered. These include: national security, competition policy, other Australian government policies and regulations (including environment and tax), the impact on the economy and community as a whole and the character of the investor.
There are also an additional set of six guidelines for the agricultural sector, which cover issues relevant for this industry such as land access, biodiversity, productivity and employment.
These guidelines were most recently re-issued in December 2015. However, they have remained relatively unchanged since the last major revision by the Rudd government in 2008, which was made in the wake of Chinalco’s intervention into a proposed BHP-Rio Tinto takeover. Significantly, none of these provisions express a requirement for local ownership in the agricultural sector.
In recent years, the overwhelming majority of investment applications assessed by the FIRB have passed the national interest test. In the relatively rare cases of rejection, it has consistently been for one of the above reasons. Examples include the ADM bid for GrainCorp <a href="https://jbh.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/026-2013/">(</a>rejected in 2013 on competition policy grounds<a href="https://jbh.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/026-2013/">)</a>, and the Singapore Stock Exchange’s attempted merger with the ASX (rejected in 2011 on financial regulatory grounds).
However, Scott Morrison’s preliminary decision to oppose Dakang Australia’s bid for S. Kidman and Co. fundamentally reinterprets these guidelines. Despite the fact the sale process was found to be open and commercially sound, it has been rejected.
The clear message is that sale process now needs to be re-run – with the assets disaggregated – to ensure less-competitive local companies can win at least some of the assets.
This is akin to moving the goalposts when the outcome is not what you desired. It is also inherently protectionist. It rewards Australian firms who will now get a second chance to pick up a part of the Kidman portfolio.
In essence, the Kidman decision is a de facto introduction of a local ownership policy for agricultural land. Outside of sensitive sectors (such as media), Australia has not maintained any formal local ownership rules since 1992. This makes the Kidman rejection was of the most significant foreign investment decisions made in several decades.
It is clear that the Treasurer sees Australian bidders as crucial to ensuring national interests are looked after, what is still not clear is definition of “foreign interest.”
<h2>How is foreign interest defined?</h2>
The Kidman decision comes as a senate inquiry examining the effectiveness of the Foreign Investment Review Framework finishes. The <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Economics/Foreign_Investment_Review/Report">final</a> and supplementary reports from the inquiry point to a lack of consistency and transparency of foreign investment decision making between the states and the commonwealth, particularly regarding sales of agricultural land to foreign interest.
At the moment the Foreign Acquisition and Takeovers Act 1975 deals with any foreign people or corporations that are seeking to acquire or to merge with a whole or a part of an Australian business. If a transaction exceeds a certain limit (different limits are applied to different industries) it’s reviewed by the Foreign Investment Review Board(FIRB).
However this Act doesn’t have a definition of foreign interest. This is crucial because since 1975, the picture of the world has dramatically changed.
According to ABS, until late 1980s, Australia’s investing partners were mostly persons and companies from developed market economies. Therefore, there could be little concern that Australia’s foreign counterparts were different to investing domestic entities.
These companies were either seeking profit or also seeking company control as direct investors and usually didn’t report to or take directives from any government on commercial decisions.
In late 1980s, new market economies emerged in place of both former communist countries, and reforming and rapidly growing third world nations. In some of those nations, such as most counties that replaced the former USSR, as well as in China, different forms of mixed private and public ownership in companies have been established with different roles and powers of governments in companies' decision making.
Despite of large scale privatisation, state and mixed ownership is still important and increasingly so in Russia. By 2014 China has become the 7th largest foreign investor in Australia, ahead of such countries as Germany, New Zealand, France. Meanwhile, ownership is rarely straight forward in China; and the countries' 500 global companies are mostly state-owned.
However, the 1975 Act does not require that the FIRB to look into the proportion of foreign government’s ownership in a company; involvement of a foreign government in company’s decision making (particularly, through government’s representation on the board of directors); government’s orders that limit company’s commercial independence; or compliance with legislation beyond that which normally regulates commercial activities.
This issue could be addressed by including foreign interest independence test into the FIRB process. Such a test needs to deal with the magnitude of sovereign ownership and sovereign involvement in foreign company’s decision making.
The idea of such a test was suggested on one of the submissions to the review, but did not find it’s way to the report.
Gennadi Kazakevitch is deputy head, Department of Economics, Monash University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gennadi-kazakevitch-90201" target="_blank">here</a>.
Jeffrey Wilson is fellow of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jeffrey-wilson-12717" target="_blank">here</a>.
Both are authors for The Conversation.
 
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Morrison’s ruling on Kidman & Co sale redefines the national interest test

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The Sydney based Gunn Agri Partners, headed by Macquarie Group's former chief operating officer in Brazil, Alan Hoppe, has secured the Central Queensland cattle station, Esmeralda in central Queensland.
It was listed at around $40 million.
Gunn Agri, trading as Cunningham Cattle Company and backed by Luxembourg funds, purchased the 406,000 hectares North of Richmond with 30,000 head of cattle. 
The deal follows Gunn Agri's purchase of a 36,000 hectare cattle aggregation near Roma in the Maranoa region of Queensland last December for about $11 million.
Gunn Agri counts among its directors the chairman of live export company Austrexx, Rick Trivett.
Ruralco Property's Troy Trevor and Peter MacPherson negotiated the deal.
There is also speculation the Gunn Agri Cattle Fund has made another major rural property acquisition, buying Goodar Station, north of Goondiwindi in Queensland, for about $20 million.
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Esmeralda, Queensland farm sells

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David Murray, who headed the financial system inquiry, has spent $7.35 million on adjoining sheep and cattle farms in the Upper Hunter Valley.
His purchases included historic Dales homestead on 1110 hectares at Merriwa for $4.7 million, along with the adjoining 640 hectare Ersyldene property for $2.95 million.
Murray, the inaugural chairman of the Future Fund, and former Commonwealth Bank chief bought through Lyndcote Pty Ltd, which is the name of his longtime Hunters Hill trophy home.
<a href="https://www.maccalluminglis.com.au/properties.php?id=13787185" target="_blank">The bluestone 1930s Dales homestead </a>was originally part of Brindley Park.
The Dales sale ends 178 years of ownership by the pioneering Bettington family.
MacCallum Inglis agent Michael Burke negotiated the sale, Fairfax Media reported.
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David Murray buys bluestone Upper Hunter homestead farm from the Bettinghams

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The Doughboy Mountain cattle farm in the New England district has been sold by the Salter family to TA Field Estates, the Sydney-based company headed by Michael Field for $7.65 million.
TA Field also secured the neighbouring O’Connor family’s Mirrugalee paying $2.75 million.
The Doughboy farm was redundant to the Angus breeding business started by the late Salmat marketing company co-founder, Phil Salter in 2007 when Towal Creek Station on the Macleay River on the mid-north coast was bought. 
Consisting of 1,350 hectares between Armidale and Ebor, Doughboy Mountain runs pasture fed quality black Angus with carefully chosen genetics.
With lush paddocks on the Wongwibinda road, Landmark Harcourts Boulton Walcha agent Bruce Rutherford says its an opportunity to purchase the highly regarded property at a time when analysts predict much higher returns in agriculture.
The farm was bought in 2010 at $6.9 million from the pioneering Wright family.
Auctioneer Damien Cooley knocked the farms down at Friday auction.
Doughboy Mountain equated to about $5658/ha ($2290/acre) and Mirrugalee $5092/ha ($2057/acre).
TA Field has other rural holdings in the nearby Walcha district.
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