Recruitment industry boss Sarina Russo, who heads up&nbsp;one of Australia's largest education, training, and employment providers, is turning to residential apartment development.

An entity tied to Russo has filed plans for a skinny 36-level tower, on a <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/new-apartments/457-adelaide-street-brisbane-city-qld-4000">narrow 367 sqm site on Adelaide Street</a>.

There are just 20 apartments proposed, some full-floor, some multi-floors.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/nettletontribe">Nettletontribe</a>, the project would replace Jamison House, an existing five-storey office building.

<img alt="457 Adelaide Street, BRISBANE CITY" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bd429ae2-a7c3-449b-89f3-7fb67e8c54c0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Adelaide%20st%20front.png?VersionId=2iXa_91lFlbJsVJb15hjXzoAbs8jN5JQ" />

The architectural vision promotes “biophilic design, passive design, and open flowing spaces,” with interiors promising high-end finishes and abundant natural light, the documents submitted to the Brisbane City Council noted.

Each apartment has direct lift access, and most occupy entire or half floors, reinforcing the project’s high-end positioning. Generous private balconies face either Adelaide and Howard Streets.&nbsp;

According to the assessment report by Urbicus, “the building is well designed and articulated with varying setbacks, deep balconies, and variations in façade treatments and materials,” allowing it to integrate with its taller surroundings while minimising amenity impacts.

The uppermost levels will host communal amenities, including a rooftop pool, covered BBQ area, and multiple outdoor lounging zones, with additional resident facilities provided on Level 1 and a mezzanine.

Access to the site is split across its two frontages, with pedestrians entering from Adelaide Street while vehicle access is provided from Howard Street via a single 6.5-metre crossover.&nbsp;

Car parking is facilitated through a car stacker system across three basement levels, accommodating 24 spaces, 20 for residents and 4 for visitors, as well as bicycle storage.&nbsp;

<img alt="457 Adelaide Street, BRISBANE CITY" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="3fe617d7-7f72-4ee6-ab3c-90a11d123248" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Adelaide%20st.png?VersionId=s4cGqip_A3okoUh_7xfzRJ2Biwdc7gOd" />

The project is a rare one for the Brisbane CBD, which hasn't had a new tower launch in years.

Meriton has <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/meriton-approved-for-brisbane-skyscrapers">approval for its two-tower development on Alice Street</a>, but they are yet to start marketing the 753 apartments.

Joel Robinson

First Look: Sarina Russo plots skinny Brisbane CBD apartment tower

Legacy Property is taking its new&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/north-sydney-nsw-2060">North Sydney</a> development to the NSW Government.

They've submitted a State Significant Development proposal for a mixed-use building with 35 apartments, 10 of which will be affordable, above a two-storey commercial podium at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/1-church-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">1 Church Lane</a>.

The new development comprise 35 apartments, 10 of which are affordable, above a two-storey commercial podium. The plan includes the retention and adaptive reuse of the heritage-listed shopfront at 265 Pacific Highway, integrating it into the ground-level frontage.

According to the Scoping Report prepared by Planning Lab, the design “responds to the broader priority and urgent demand for affordable housing” while incorporating a “tower above consisting of 35 residential apartments and communal roof garden”.&nbsp;

Positioned within 300 metres of Victoria Cross Metro Station, the site qualifies for Housing SEPP incentives, including a 30 per cent bonus to height and floor space ratio, which the proposal seeks to utilise.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/nettletontribe">Nettletontribe</a>, the building would rise 10 to 13 storeys, with a stepped massing strategy to transition from the Pacific Highway frontage down to the finer-grain character of Church Lane. The two-level podium includes new commercial tenancies, communal open space, and landscaping.&nbsp;

Winter gardens have been integrated into apartments along the highway elevation to mitigate noise impacts, and Church Lane is set to be widened to six metres to improve access and separation from lower-scale dwellings to the east.

Nettletontribe said in the documents submitted as part of the application that the proposal delivers a well-resolved mixed-use development that responds to its urban and heritage context along Pacific Highway, North Sydney.

"Positioned along a key section of the Pacific Highway corridor, the site forms part of a transitional zone between the North Sydney CBD and the emerging Crows Nest and St Leonards centres. The design responds to this dual context—addressing the scale and intensity of the highway frontage while engaging sensitively with the finer grain and heritage character of Church Lane and West Street."

<img alt="Legacy" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="629ff458-3b46-4f72-a01b-aade8baf8b2d" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202025-08-07%20at%2012.03.14%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=kNYKtqbXY1Gjov794jKtaOJmhFm15gUS" />

As the Scoping Report notes, “the design of the proposal is still consistent with the objective of [ADG] controls to maintain the privacy of neighbouring properties,” with separations and setbacks applied particularly along Church Lane.

The proposed envelope is largely consistent with the uplift previously approved through Planning Proposal PP-2021-2926, which designated the site as part of a Southern Transition Area in the North Sydney Civic Precinct Planning Study. That designation supports mid-rise, mixed-use development to bridge the scale between the North Sydney CBD and nearby heritage areas.

The site spans 1,099 sqm and includes four properties. While 253-263 Pacific Highway will be demolished, the heritage item at 265 will be retained and adapted for commercial or community use.&nbsp;

The development includes four levels of basement car parking accessed from Church Lane, with a total of 55 car spaces planned, exceeding minimum Housing SEPP requirements.

Legacy Property, led by CEO Matthew Hyder, has two projects in Macquarie Park, totalling nearly 400 apartments.

Designed by Nettletontribe, the building would rise 10 to 13 storeys, with a stepped massing strategy to transition from the Pacific Highway frontage down to the finer-grain character of Church Lane

First look: Legacy Property proposes shoptop housing on North Sydney fringe

Sydney’s residential market continued its gentle climb in July, with dwelling values up 0.6 per cent over the month and 1.8 per cent across the rolling quarter.

The affordability gap between units and houses is continuing to wide. Units values grew by 0.2 per cent over July, whereas houses jumped by 0.8 per cent, Cotality's Home Value Index found.

Units in the harbour capital are now up 1.3 per cent over the quarter, compared to 1.9 per cent for houses.

Sydney median unit value is $868,000, some $662,000 less than the $1.53 million house median.

Sydney’s relative strength echoes broader capital city resilience, with combined capital values also up 0.6 per cent for the month and 1.8 per cent over the quarter. The gains are underpinned by interest rate cuts earlier in the year, tight listings, and steadily improving buyer confidence.

<h2>What happened in Sydney’s off the plan apartment market in July?</h2>

There were some major moves in the Sydney off the plan apartment market, from Sydney's biggest developers.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/lendlease-development">Lendlease</a>&nbsp;formalised a new joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Asia and Nippon Steel Kowa Real Estate to develop a $2.5 billion luxury project at 175 Liverpool Street.

<img alt="Lendlease announces partners for its $2.5 billion luxury development on Hyde Park" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Bates%20Smart_175%20Liverpool%20Street%2002-min.jpg?VersionId=2l2XiHSdIP5a_Ei_Y3yft5eLPJ6kLX3G" />

Located on the southern edge of Hyde Park, the dual-tower development will deliver up to 300 high-end residences with north-facing views toward the Opera House and Harbour, alongside 2,000 sqm of retail and commercial space.

Construction is targeted to begin in 2027, pending approvals.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/lendlease-announces-partners-for-its-2-5-billion-luxury-development-on-hyde-park">Lendlease announces partners for its $2.5 billion luxury development on Hyde Park</a>

On the Lower North Shore, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/traders-in-purple">Traders In Purple</a> and joint venture partner Sydney Anglican Property were granted planning approval for the renewal of St Andrew’s Anglican Church in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/lane-cove-nsw-2066" target="">Lane Cove</a>.

The development will offer 48 two and three-bedroom apartments, many of which will enjoy dual aspect, enhancing outlooks and cross-flow ventilation.

The existing parish church, built in 1924, will be retained and sensitively adapted into a meeting place and portal to the new contemporary auditorium and ministry spaces, linking old and new.

Traders In Purple CEO Brett Robinson said redevelopment of the site had been enthusiastically supported by many members of the local community.

“There is a demand for high-quality, well-designed, premium apartments for locals wanting to downsize in their neighbourhood and those wanting to raise their family in a highly desirable suburb without the burden of a high-maintenance house and yard.

“It was very clear to us that the local community is also in need of a larger performance space, and we look forward to providing the community with a fantastic new venue that will support the cultural richness of Lane Cove.”

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/traders-in-purple-and-sydney-anglican-property-greenlit-for-lane-cove-project">Traders in Purple and Sydney Anglican Property greenlit for Lane Cove project</a>

Over in the eastern suburbs, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/toga-group">TOGA</a> reached a significant milestone at The Kensington, with the development officially topping out.

The Anzac Parade building is being delivered by Gold Star iCIRT-rated builder <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/dasco-australia" target="">DASCO</a>, who can start to turn their attention toward the exterior of the building, and the fitout of the 142 one, two, and three-bedroom apartments strategically located opposite the Kensington Light Rail stop.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=110959 project_image_fid=307645]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-kensington-147-151-anzac-parade-kensington-nsw-2033">The Kensington</a> forms part of a broader revitalisation effort along the light rail corridor in Sydney’s inner south.

Residents will move in midway through 2026.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/toga-tops-out-the-kensington-reshaping-anzac-parade-light-rail-corridor">TOGA tops out The Kensington, reshaping Anzac Parade light rail corridor</a>

Sekisui House Australia released the latest stage of their Melrose Park urban renewal precinct.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sekisui-house-australia">Sekisui House Australia</a>, in partnership with Hankyu Hanshin Properties, has opened expressions of interest for <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/aeris-melrose-park-86-wharf-road-melrose-park-nsw-2114">Aeris</a>, the sixth and most elevated stage in the $5 billion Melrose Park master planned community in Sydney’s north-west.

<img alt="Sekisui House Australia reveals Aeris, Melrose Park’s latest stage" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Aeris_Stage%206_1_0.jpg?VersionId=xsMRsasGYnnQoaLLmwqtSFAsOQv8ZZJN" />

Aeris will comprise 468 apartments across two tall 20 and 24-storey slender towers. Prices start from $649,000 up to $1.55 million, with internal sizes ranging from 50 to 130 sqm.

As sustainability credentials become more central to buyer expectations, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/melrose-park-nsw-2114">Melrose Park</a> continues to model future-facing urban design.

Construction of Aeris is anticipated to commence in late 2025, with the first lower tower due for completion in Q4 2027 and the second and third towers expected in 2028.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/sekisui-house-australia-reveals-aeris-melrose-park-s-latest-stage">Sekisui House Australia reveals Aeris, Melrose Park’s latest stage</a>

In <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/crows-nest-nsw-2065">Crows Nest</a>, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/deicorp">Deicorp</a> broke ground on <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/falcon-alexander-8-alexander-street-crows-nest">Falcon &amp; Alexander</a>, offering around 100 apartments near the new Metro station.

Conceived by award-winning architects <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/turner-studio">TURNER</a>, Falcon &amp; Alexander will create a vibrant vertical village in the heart of one of Sydney’s most connected neighbourhoods. Thoughtfully arranged around a central atrium and lush communal gardens, residences will enjoy panoramic views over Sydney Harbour and the Lower North Shore, with interiors designed for modern, light-filled living.

<img alt="Deicorp breaks ground at Falcon &amp; Alexander, Crows Nest apartments" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Screenshot%202025-07-28%20at%203.55.17%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=3IIFc1X8W6tPGj.P6xmw_2limcEUkinJ" />

Residents will benefit from premium amenities, including a resident-only skygarden, and boutique retail and dining spaces on the ground floor, all integrated with the local urban fabric.

With proximity to transport and established retail precincts, the development is well-positioned to capture demand from downsizers and city professionals alike.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/deicorp-breaks-ground-at-falcon-alexander-crows-nest-apartments">Deicorp breaks ground at Falcon &amp; Alexander, Crows Nest apartments</a>

In the upper north, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/capital-corporation">Capital Corporation</a> advanced <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/new-apartments/the-residences-at-wahroonga-estate-169-fox-valley-road-wahroonga-nsw-2076">The Residences at Wahroonga Estate</a>&nbsp;masterplan by appointing DASCO to build the first stage. This is the first partnership between Capital Corporation and DASCO, bringing together two award-winning property powerhouses in what promises to be a defining project for the region.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135247 project_image_fid=3629]

The move followed over $90 million in early sales, highlighting appetite for prestige residential offerings in leafy, well-connected locales.

Construction on the first 128 residences will commence in the coming months, with completion targeted for late 2027.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/capital-corporation-appoints-dasco-to-build-the-first-stage-at-the-residences-at-wahroonga-estate-after-90m-in-sales">Capital Corporation appoints DASCO to build the first stage at The Residences at Wahroonga Estate after $90m in sales</a>

City Beat July 2025: Sydney’s apartment upswing gathers pace as Sydney's biggest developers make major moves

The surge in affordability-led developments in Palm Beach is continuing with the recent launch of Corallo, where prices start from just over $800,000.

International developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/changfa-group">Changfa</a>&nbsp;has tapped into a pocket of relative affordability to the west of the Gold Coast Highway, where apartments can be sold at considerably lower price points than on the eastern side of the Gold Coast Highway.

Coralla, at 5 Palm Beach Avenue, just 130 metres to the beach, will rise 21 storeys and home 105 one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments, as well as four exclusive penthouses. Several of the one and two-beds offer an additional study.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112194 project_image_fid=808]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-architecture">Plus Architecture</a>, Corallo brings together soft coastal materials and sculptural forms to deliver a distinctly contemporary interpretation of beachside living.&nbsp;

Interiors are anchored by a refined natural palette, with fluted stone island benches, engineered timber flooring, and brushed copper finishes.&nbsp;Buyers can select from two interior schemes, each designed to suit both owner-occupier preferences and long-term coastal durability.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112194 project_image_fid=799]

The four penthouses each span two levels and offer nearly 330 sqm of indoor and outdoor living. They feature rooftop terraces with private plunge pools,&nbsp;outdoor kitchens, and fire pit areas.

&nbsp;

The resident amenity is being positioned on level two, looking across to the beach opposite. That will feature a&nbsp;wet-edge pool, cold plunge, gym, sauna, steam room, yoga deck, fire pit and day beds.&nbsp;

A residents lounge and work-from-home zones are located on Level 3, while five commercial tenancies at podium level introduce retail and dining options to the corner of Palm Beach Avenue and the Gold Coast Highway.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112194 project_image_fid=814]

Corallo enters the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/palm-beach-qld-4221">Palm Beach</a> market at a time of renewed focus on owner-occupier-driven design and lifestyle amenity. The suburb has seen increasing demand from downsizers and local buyers seeking proximity to the beach, walkable dining, and low-maintenance living without compromising on space.

The development’s location places residents within walking distance of Tallebudgera Creek, Burleigh Heads village, Currumbin Alley and Palm Beach Currumbin High School. The Gold Coast Airport is under 10 minutes away, enhancing appeal for both owner-occupiers and short-stay users.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112194]

Corallo enters the Palm Beach market at a time of renewed focus on owner-occupier-driven design and lifestyle amenity

Coastal convenience minus the price tag: Changfa launches Corallo Palm Beach

The much-anticipated new residential release at Moonee Valley Park (MVP), the $3 billion redevelopment of the Moonee Valley Racecourse, has hit the market.

The latest stage, The Eveline, introduces a building with two architectural forms seamlessly connected by a communal lobby, The Eveline East and The Eveline West, a biophilic architectural approach by sought-after architecture practice <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cera-stribley-architects">Cera Stribley</a>.

Positioned at the centre of the precinct and surrounded by 20 hectares of green open space, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-eveline-33-dean-street-moonee-ponds-vic-3039">The Eveline</a> draws on the site’s natural and historical context.&nbsp;

“The site’s proximity to the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/moonee-ponds-vic-3039">Moonee Ponds</a> Creek inspired the beautiful organic curves to the building façade,” said Dom Cerantonio, Co-founder and Managing Principal at Cera Stribley.&nbsp;

“We wanted to continue the vegetation beyond the podium and right up the building to engage with residents on the upper floors."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3137]

The $3 billion precinct is a joint venture between developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/hamton">Hamton</a> and leading industry superannuation fund Hostplus, in partnership with Moonee Valley Racing Club.

“The Eveline will be an exemplar of nature-based excellence, the uniqueness of these homes is grounded in biophilic design, its curved form, exceptional lifestyle amenities, breathtaking city views, and its setting within a sprawling 40-hectare botanical park," Hamton’s Executive Chairman Paul Hameister said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3143]

Residences range from one to three bedrooms, including three exclusive penthouse homes, with pricing from $525,000 to $4,995,000.

The Classic Residences overlook the Moonee Valley Park gardens and Moonee Ponds, featuring Smeg appliances and layouts of up to three bedrooms. The Grand Residences offer sweeping views of the Moonee Valley Racecourse and the city skyline, and are complemented by Miele appliances and natural stone finishes.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3144]

The project incorporates a suite of 5-star amenities, including a porte-cochère drop-off, co-working hub, 25-metre lap pool with city views, and an expansive rooftop with lounge dining spaces, and communal vegetable gardens.

Additional wellness features include a gym and yoga room with views of the racetrack and skyline, as well as steam and sauna facilities.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3135]

Hamton’s Managing Director Matt Malseed said The Eveline appeals to downsizers with its generous layouts and low-maintenance living.

“Cera Stribley’s diverse range of floorplan layouts makes the most of the surrounding green spaces and sweeping nature views.

“At The Eveline, there is a perfect residence for every household, and this diversity in design helps foster community and connection.

Located just six kilometres from the Melbourne CBD, Moonee Valley Park is fast emerging as a new residential enclave in the city’s north, with previous stages sold out. The precinct’s integration of green space, lifestyle amenity, and varied product mix has driven strong interest from a broad buyer demographic, particularly among downsizers seeking quality without compromise.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=142519]

Hamton launches The Eveline at Moonee Valley Park, offering biophilic design and five-star amenities

Regional Rail

<html><body>
Yesterday's budget contained a not-so-insignificant amount allocated to the procurement of more rail vehicles for both the tram network and the regional V/Line network.

$218.1 million has been set aside to order 10 more E-class trams on top of the 20 that were announced and ordered in last year's budget.

The tranche of 50 E-class trams that were from the original order have now all been delivered and Bombardier are now working on the next tranche of 20.

Introducing the E-class trams has seen both the Southbank and Preston depots upgraded and expanded to house the larger vehicles. Budget documents released yesterday mention that the money allocated will also be used to further upgrade existing network infrastructure.

Foreshadowed through the planning and tendering process for the level crossing removal projects, a price tag for the new stabling facility at Kananook has surfaced: $187.4 million.

As part of the Carrum level crossing removal project, which is set to have a new elevated viaduct and station built, the existing train stabling yards have to be removed and will be relocated to Kananook.

<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TB-noYwwlP0" width="100%"></iframe>

On the regional rail network, Bombardier is set to receive another order for more VLocity train sets as the Victorian Government has allocated $311.1 million for 39 new carriages.

First introduced for the regional fast rail project over a decade ago, VLocity trains have evolved over time from being two-carriage trains at the beginning, to now where all new train sets are configured with two power cars and a trailer car.

Each new VLocity train (three carriages) have 220 seats and the 39 new carriages will translate into 13 new train sets, on top of the nine train sets that were funded and ordered in last year's budget.

At present, V/Line trains to Albury operate over the interstate standard gauge network and yesterday's budget has allocated funds to plan for the introduction of new rolling stock for this specific line. No doubt this will be a sub-fleet of VLocity trains, configured for the standard gauge network.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/vlo_wong_sx_1.png" rel="gallery-all" title="A VLocity train at Southern Cross. Image Marcus Wong"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="387" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/vlo_wong_sx_1.png?itok=jpDM7qDP" title="A VLocity train at Southern Cross. Image Marcus Wong" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>A VLocity train at Southern Cross. Image <a href="https://railgallery.wongm.com/vline-southern-cross/F107_0229.jpg">Marcus Wong</a></figcaption></figure>Planning for the upgrade to the Hurstbridge line beyond the works already announced and budgeted for (tunnel duplication between Heidelberg and Rosanna as well as the Lower Plenty Road level crossing removal) was also allocated $5 million in yesterday's budget. This second upgrade is likely to plan for the works involved in duplicating the rail line beyond Greensborough toward Eltham.

To view more of the initiatives announced yesterday as part of the Treasurer's speech, see the <a href="https://www.budget.vic.gov.au/">budget.vic.gov.au website</a>.

Lead image credit: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-class_Melbourne_tram">Wikipedia</a>
</body></html>

Alastair Taylor

Victorian budget 2017: more new trams and trains on the way

<html><body>
<h2>Comment</h2>

The finger-pointing which has surfaced in the reporting of V/Line's ongoing troubles with excessive wheel wear on its fleet of VLocity trains has sparked an interesting discussion in article comment and forum threads all around the Internet.

For instance <a href="http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/vline-crisis-began-with-regional-rail-link-cutbacks-five-years-ago-20160202-gmjsen">this piece</a> in The Age has this standout comment:

<blockquote>
The feedback on the article continues to indicate poor decision making by Government directed appointees. It is doubtful whether lowering of service delivery outcomes is only a Corey Hannett decision. He will have been directed by the Ministers of the time.

The answer that the project was all about separating regional and metro railway line services beggars belief. Nothing about Levels of Service (LoS)?
<cite><a href="http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/vline-crisis-began-with-regional-rail-link-cutbacks-five-years-ago-20160202-gmjsen">The Age</a> user oz4lca, Princes Hill, 2016-02-03 9:17AM</cite>
</blockquote>

The components which were reportedly cost managed out of the Regional Rail Link five years ago - using and upgrading the existing North Melbourne flyover, the use of a flat-bed junction instead of a flyover junction at Deer Park and leaving in place multiple level crossings on the Sunshine-Deer Park section - appear to be affecting service levels.

Anecdotal reports of a choke point at the Deer Park junction of the Ballarat and Geelong lines and claims that the North Melbourne flyover is responsible for the excessive wheel wear on the VLocity fleet neatly all point back to hard infrastructure issues. The rail project may have come in under budget at $3.65 billion however the pride in that achievement is all but lost should the V/Line issues indeed eventually get attributed to aspects of cost-cutting on the Regional Rail Link project.

Clearly lessons will be learnt in some form or another and hopefully they can be learned in time to ensure the scope of the Melbourne Metro Rail project and the Dandenong corridor level crossing removal projects do not end up in the same boat.

The Age report from two days ago also mentions there is a push by transport experts to expand the Caulfield-Dandenong corridor from two tracks to four as part of the level crossing removal projects currently at tender.

However before there is a debate on the pros and cons of quadruplicating the Dandenong corridor, what types of services do we want to run in this corridor? The want question needs to be answered first before the need question: what is the vision for this railway line?

Is the push to quadruplicate track just about giving outer-suburban commuters to the city a faster journey or is it based on a broader vision for driving investment into centres along the line, perhaps taking the decentralisation and concentration of jobs in suburban centres like Dandenong to the next level?

We know the arc between Pakenham and Cranbourne is the only remaining area in the south east which has room within the urban growth boundary for more suburban development and that therefore will translate into a need for more capacity on the Dandenong corridor to carry more people into the city under supposed status quo scenario.

However do we want to simply plan for forecast demand, lure more people out of their cars onto the public transport network or both?

If we are only planning to cater for forecast demand then it is going to take a long time to fill up the capacity of the Dandenong corridor given it only has 16 services utilising the rail line during weekday peak at present and notwithstanding 1-2 Traralgon V/Line services during peak, when the Melbourne Metro Rail tunnel comes online, coupled with a new signalling system, 24-28 trains per hour could theoretically be possible.

If we are planing to cater for forecast demand and make great strides to entice people out of their cars to increase the mode share of Public Transport then yes, express services running frequently at the same time as frequent stopping-all-services on four tracks on the Dandenong corridor will probably be needed.

The previous Labor Government was happy to spruik its vision of achieving 20% of total motorised transport mode share on Public Transport by 2020 yet the current Labor Government has not alluded to anything like this.

Insofar as we have been made aware that Infrastructure Victoria is the way toward greater depoliticisation of infrastructure planning in the state, the transport components of the authority's 30 year strategy should be guided by a similar vision to that of the previous Larbor Government just with more oompf, like aiming for 30% or 40% public transport mode share over the next 30 years. 

Aiming for a higher mode share means that forecast demand for public transport under the status quo and even more increased demand from luring people out of their cars must be planned and catered for and only then will a hard infrastructure debate about quadruplicating the Dandenong corridor be framed in the right context.

Lead image credit: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westall_railway_station">Wikipedia</a>.
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V/Line, wheel flanges and where to for the vision of the Dandenong rail corridor

<html><body>
The entire 47.5km Regional Rail Link will become fully operational on Sunday June 21 with Public Transport Minister Jacinta Allan today announcing the new timetable changes necessary for services to start using the entire line.

Amongst the highlights: the Geelong line will see an extra 200 services a week translating into a train near-on every 10 minutes in the morning peak departing Geelong for Southern Cross and the same in afternoon peaks departing Southern Cross for Geelong to cater for commuter demand. In off-peak periods trains will run every 20 minutes.

The Regional Rail link project, apart from the dedicated regional traffic tracks from Sunshine to Southern Cross, will link the Geelong line to the Ballarat line. Ballarat will see an extra service in the morning and afternoon peaks, Bacchus Marsh will have four extra services stop during peaks and Deer Park station will see services stop at that station every 20 minutes as opposed to every 2 hours at present.

Geelong services during the weekdays will have a few different categories of stopping patterns with stopping all stations (excluding Deer Park and Ardeer where Geelong line services will share track with but the services will be operated by the Ballarat line), semi-express and express.

According to the timetable <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/timetables/linemain/1745">now viewable on PTV's site</a>, the flagship express trains originate at Waurn Ponds and stop at every suburban Geelong station and upon departing the northern end of the Geelong metro at Lara, the trains will run non-stop to Sunshine with another archetypal 'drop off only' stop at Footscray before arriving at Southern Cross. End to end the journey is timetabled to take 1 hour 11 minutes from Geelong's south western extremity in Waurn Ponds to the city; Geelong to Southern Cross is timetabled at 56 minutes.

With an approximate distance of 80km from Geelong Station to Southern Cross via the Regional Rail Link and a timetabled journey of 56 minutes, that represents an average speed of 86kph.

There are two new stations inside Metropolitan Melbourne which will see regional services: Wyndham Vale station is set to see a 10 minute frequency of service in peaks, 20 minute service frequency in off-peak on weekdays and Tarneit will see 20 minute service frequencies in peak and off-peak.

Turning to the weekend timetables the new tracks will not see nowhere near as many trains per hour as they will during the weekdays with hourly stopping-all-station services the only fixture, excluding the two trains which originate in Warnambool, for both Saturdays and Sundays.

The journey time for stopping all stations trains from Geelong to Southern Cross is 1 hour and 2 minutes.

Perhaps the biggest Public Transport service change is occurring not on the rails but on the roads with an enormous bus service increase through Wyndham. Despite some 'neighbourhood' routes still squiggling their way through suburban back streets, when you <a href="http://ptv.vic.gov.au/assets/Maps/Wyndham_2015_LAM.pdf">eyeball the Wyndham map</a> published on PTV's site a robust mesh of routes now exists between the two new Geelong line stations and Werribee, Hoppers Crossing and Williams Landing stations.

According to the summary of network changes on PTV's site, an extra 2300 bus trips will be made each week bringing the total up to 7900 from 6300.

Here's the last flyover video from August 2014 of the Regional Rail Link's posted on the project's website.

<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gcfFVpzp9JU?list=PLDAB91AC089894864" width="100%"></iframe>

Lead image credit: <a href="http://www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au/">regionalraillink.vic.gov.au</a>
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Timetables for the Regional Rail Link announced

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Over the July school holidays major works are to be carried out in order to finalise the Sunshine to Southern Cross section of the <a href="http://www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au/" target="_blank">Regional Rail Link</a> project. Bendigo and Ballarat <a href="http://www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au/news/june2014" target="_blank">train services will be replaced by coaches between Saturday 28th June and Tuesday July 15th</a> in order to allow the Regional Rail Link authority and its contractors to complete track and signal installation.

The shutdown period is also set to include testing and commissioning works between North Melbourne and Southern Cross, driver familiarisation trips and noise barrier installation in West Melbourne.

Once the shutdown period has ended, Bendigo and Ballarat V/Line services will then begin to use the new track that has been under construction for the past few years between Sunshine and Southern Cross, marking the first segregation of Metro and V/Line rail traffic inside metropolitan Melbourne.

Bendigo and Ballarat trains will also start to utilise the new platform infrastructure at Footscray and Sunshine stations and the rebuilt North Melbourne flyover will also see V/Line trains cross Metro services to enter regional platforms at Southern Cross unhindered.

A spokesman for the Regional Rail Link commented the greenfields section between West Werribee and Deer Park is scheduled, weather and other construction-related risk permitting, to be complete by the end of the year with Geelong services using the new track in early 2015.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/IMG_8106.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Works on the new signalling infrastructure at Sunshine in January 2014 - Image credit www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" src="/sites/urbanmelbourne.info/files/styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/IMG_8106.jpg?itok=mQEW_YGv" style="height:387px; width:580px" title="Works on the new signaling infrastructure at Sunshine in January 2014 - Image credit www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au"></a>
<figcaption>Works on the new signalling infrastructure at Sunshine in January 2014 - Image credit <a href="http://www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au/news/images?result_92818_result_page=2" target="_blank">www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au</a></figcaption></figure><h2>Comment</h2>

While the benefit likely to kick in after the July shutdown is limited to a mainly modest operational one, within 6 to 12 months construction, testing and driver familiarisation will be complete on the entire project and PTV will have rolled out its new V/Line and Metro timetable. As the project name itself suggests, the biggest beneficiary for the Regional Rail Link is the regional passengers travelling beyond metro's footprint and traveling inter-city but it is the metro side which will have the greatest impact on reducing congestion and driving new development investment into Melbourne's West.

One on hand, Werribee and Williamstown line commuters are likely to benefit the most early next year as all Geelong trains are to be diverted via the new track opening up the existing corridor to increased capacity. One thing to watch around the time the new timetables take effect in 2015 (and thereafter) is whether or not planning application activity throughout the rail corridors in Maribyrnong, Hobsons Bay and Wyndham sees an uptick.

By early 2015, increased levels of service on the Werribee and Williamstown lines will arrive conveniently after the new planning zones are bedded down; more mass transport capacity and planning certainty is a match made in heaven for increasing densities. This, of course, does hinge on whether PTV actually do increase services over what currently operates - caveat emptor!

Yet on the other hand it's telling the largest rail project in living memory is coming to its conclusion and thanks to a balance transport policy mentality in a extremely unbalanced transport modal share situation we have in Melbourne(1), we are realistically another 10 years away(2) from seeing the full benefits on the Metro side for those who live or plan to invest along the Sunbury line.

Footscray wins no matter which way you look at it: increasing levels of service on the Werribee and Williamstown line will enhance the attractiveness to increase development investment. But Brimbank, which has <a href="https://stratus.pbondemand.com.au/connect/brimbank/?mapcfg=NewResidentialZones" target="_blank">liberally deployed the Residential Growth Zone and General Residential Zone around Sunshine, St. Albans and Watergardens</a>, has a less bright - more delayed - urban development future hanging over it.

The three North and North Western lines - Sunbury (9), Craigieburn (9) and Upfield (3 services in the afternoon peak) - are not far off maxing out the capacity in the loop tunnel they currently use and unless one is removed from the loop there's likely to be little uplift in Metro services under the status quo.

The question: Why weren't the Melbourne Metro (now Melbourne Rail Link) plans finalised in the first or second year of the current Government - and funding prioritised so construction could start sooner - utilising the labour deployed on the Regional Rail Link as the project wound down?

There are many answers, some more cynical than others, feel free to leave yours in the comments section below.

(1) I'm referring to the anti-urban East-West link and the amount of funds it will suck from the infrastructure purse over the next decade.

(2) When the Melbourne Rail Link, or who knows which next iteration, is complete and operating.

Lead image credit: www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au
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It begins - Regional Rail Link benefits start to flow in July

<html><body>
The Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure have published a nine minute video update on the Regional Rail Link project through their <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TransportVic" target="_blank">YouTube channel</a>.
For convenience, the video is embedded below.
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" scrolling="no" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/lkQwYImAwEw" width="100%"></iframe>
The authority also published its most recent monthly route flyover update - March 2014.
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" scrolling="no" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/tQuKcuGNUbM?list=UUBiDB8PFA8Q42d1w5RzwanA" width="100%"></iframe>
Credit where credit is due, the sheer breadth of construction coverage has been outstanding and Apartments.com.au hopes this policy (and funding) is equally applied to all future transport infrastructure projects.
Lead image credit: <a href="http://www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au/news/images" target="_blank">regionalraillink.vic.gov.au</a>.
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Government authority publishes Regional Rail Link project video update

<html><body>
The latest incarnation of Footscray station is starting to take shape as the Regional Rail Link upgrade works steam along towards an early 2015 completion date. It looks amazing - proof that rail infrastructure can look stylish as well as be functional. Traditionally dark and dingy and a hangout for gangs and junkies, it's now a modern, stylish beacon that the residents of Footscray can be proud of.

This is technically the second upgrade in the last four years.

In 2009 the shops on the station side of Irving St were removed, and a new bridge erected, the bulk of which remains today. Almost as soon as the upgrade was complete, the Regional Rail Link was announced requiring two extra platforms to be added to the existing four. As a consequence, the bridge was lengthened, whilst all the stairs leading to the platforms were removed and replaced with a combination of escalators, ramps and new stairs.

The leaking bridge tunnel roof was patched up, and a new concourse and ticket office has been built at the Irving St entrance. The new platform 1 building's colour scheme and form looks bold and modern whilst remaining respectful of the original buildings on platforms 2/3 and 4/5. A major bus interchange will run the length of Irving St, whilst an already upgraded tram terminus is located across the road on the corner of Leeds St.

Complimenting the new station development is the construction of Footscray's first real skyscraper. An office tower built on the adjoining McNab Avenue precinct, it will house the government departments of State Trustees and City West Water bringing many welcome jobs to Footscray.

Two future residential towers are also planned for the precinct with some cafes/basic retail adding some street level activation. The State Trustees tower is close to completion and makes for a stunning backdrop giving commuters approaching the area an impression of a fast rejuvenating Footscray.

Whilst the removal of the shops was controversial, it added some much needed light and open feel to the area. However one trader has survived - the ubiquitous and world famous Olympic Doughnuts. South East Asia may have fried crickets, New York may have cronuts, but Footscray has jam doughnuts to die for, an institution in the West for over 30 years.

So when it faced the prospect of eviction during the station works, the Regional Rail Link project team moved swiftly to accommodate them, thus saving themselves from the prospect of a riot on their hands. Given the roaring trade the little doughnut van does every day, it was a smart move indeed.

So when the station upgrade is complete, and Regional Rail Link trains start flowing through, I highly recommend you come down and check it out. Projects like this can transform the face of a suburb, and go a long way to changing the negative perceptions it may have.

Come to admire the station design, but stay for the doughnuts!

Martin Mankowski is a local resident and Apartments.com.au's honourary Footscray correspondent.

Photos captured by Mark Baljak.
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TheHeadOnTheDoor

Footscray Station update - Where's the doughnuts?

<html><body>
....in the form of the <a href="http://www.regionalraillink.vic.gov.au/home" target="_blank">Regional Rail Link</a>.

<h2>What is the RRL and how is it relevant?</h2>

The Regional Rail Link (RRL) project is a Kevin '07 stimulus project that aims to separate V/Line-regional traffic heading to Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo from metro traffic by building one new track pair all the way from Southern Cross station to Tarneit via Footscray, Sunshine and Deer Park.

When built, all V/Line traffic heading to Geelong, Ballarat or Bendigo will use this track enabling faster regional journeys and just as important: freeing up capacity on the Werribee and Sydenham metro lines so frequencies can be increased on these lines.

In short RRL is a big shot in the arm for rail capacity in the western suburbs.

<h2>Current V/Line operations - without the RRL</h2>

The following is a snapshot of what the current timetables on the Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo lines between 5 and 6pm on a weekday look like - it's to be expected that the same or very similar levels of service will be using the RRL once it's opened for business.

<ul>
<li>Geelong - 5 trains per hour (TPH): 4:57pm, 5:08pm, 5:21pm, 5:32pm, 5:54pm</li>
	<li>Ballarat - 4 TPH 5:07pm, 5:22pm, 5:52pm, 6:02pm</li>
	<li>Bendigo - 3 TPH 4:57pm 5:28pm 5:48pm</li>
</ul>
So by the time the RRL opens, out of a potential 24-30 train paths (a train every 2.5 minutes or 2 minutes hurtling down the RRL tracks), only 12 will be used (5 + 4 + 3)

In summary the track will only have up to 50% of its capacity used if you assume the same or similar timetable will be used upon opening.

Fast forward three decades post RRL completion and for argument's sake lets say Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo double in population and the service level also doubles notwithstanding the option of also extending train lengths for more capacity:

<ul>
<li>Geelong 10 TPH</li>
	<li>Ballarat 5-6 TPH*</li>
	<li>Bendigo 5-6 TPH**</li>
</ul>
*By then, Melton trains won't be using the RRL tracks in the city as they'll have been electrified, and potentially even Bacchus Marsh.

**An extra Kyneton terminating train.

Assumption total: 20-22 trains per hour will be using the Regional Rail Link tracks between Southern Cross and Sunshine in three decades.

<h2>The missing link</h2>

The Bracks/Brumby governments identified the Albion corridor as their preferred corridor to link Tullamarine with the city and this has <a href="/news/questions-still-remain-on-the-melbourne-airport-rail-link-study">recently been confirmed</a> by Baillieu/Napthine government.

The recent study has shown that the favoured option is to have new track built alongside the existing freight lines, where the new track would leave the Sydenham/Bendigo corridor near Albion Station and then travel alongside the existing dual gauge freight lines.

A new bridge over the Maribyrnong River would be required, and the extra track would run under Keilor Park Drive and the Calder Freeway, at which point the line would ramp up onto an elevated section to traverse the Western Ring Road and Airport Drive and utilise the wide corridor that exists there and then come back down to earth on the southern boundary of Melbourne Airport's land at Sharps Road.

It's anticipated the line would travel through the airport land and would tunnel underground 1km before the Tullamarine Airport terminal station.

The Airport's own master plan appears to take into account an underground station, however it is curious why this is so when an elevated structure would require less capital expenditure and the airport is similarly planning to build a giant elevated road network to service the new parking facilities opposite the new Terminal 4.

<h2>Who should operate the "Tullamarine link"?</h2>

V/Line. Upgrading the signalling on the new Sunshine-Southern Cross RRL track would allow more frequent trains and why bother throwing up catenary above the RRL between the City and Sunshine (or add another branch line to the Sydenham Metro tracks) when V/Line is perfectly capable of operating the service at higher speeds than Metro?

No point adding yet another class of rail vehicle to the network to intermix with existing Metro Trains - and the Melbourne Airport rail Link (MARL) study said itself the opportunity for express services will be limited if the Airport Line mixed with Sydenham (or Craigieburn) services.

V/Line's fleet of Dandenong-built Vlocity class trains would fit the bill perfectly because V/Line trains are built for extra luggage (which airport services require).

<h2>What about V/Line-Regional operating patterns?</h2>

Well as I stated earlier, when the RRL goes live, only half the capacity will be used from day 1.

If you assume a 15 minute service from Southern Cross to the airport, that would bring the earlier total of 12 Geelong/Bendigo/Ballarat services up to 16.

If you fast forward 30 years to the regional service projections I came up with earlier, of the 20-22 Geelong/Bendigo/Ballarat trains per hour using the City-Sunshine section of the RRL plus 4-6 TPH going to the airport we're looking at finally reaching the absolute capacity.

It appears that the RRL tracks out the back of Werribee will be used for stopping trains to service the new suburban subdivisions - let's hope this is only temporary and the corridor is quadruplicated sooner than later so the Werribee Metro line itself can operate the services and the RRL track gets back to actually separating Metropolitan and Regional services.

This peak capacity scenario would be made easier by eliminating all V/Line stops at Footscray and instead expanding Sunshine station and making it the only non-city stop in the metro area for regional services, because....

<h2>You hit two birds with one stone</h2>

Having all regional services (Geelong, Bendigo and Ballarat) stop at Sunshine, as well as having all City - Airport services stop at Sunshine allows connectivity for the inner-city, North Eastern and South Eastern quadrants of the metro area (connecting at Southern Cross or Sunshine via Melbourne Metro tunnel) a quick non-road based transport solution to Tullamarine as well as offering a one change service for people travelling from the regional cities to Tullamarine.

Wait times at Sunshine would be minimal if a 15 minute, or even better a 10 minute frequency of service ran for City-Airport - Assuming a 5-6 TPH frequency for Geelong, the average wait time would be 5 minutes, Ballarat and Bendigo in the order of 7 minutes would be the average wait time.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/026.JPG" rel="gallery-all" title="A simple safety message at the end of runway 34 at Tullamarine; the simple message for the State Government is maximise the use of new rail capacity"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-702px" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files/styles/article_full_width_702px/public/pictures/article-images/026.JPG?itok=fBUWiCVn" title="A simple safety message at the end of runway 34 at Tullamarine; the simple message for the State Government is maximise the use of new rail capacity"></a>

<figcaption>A simple safety message at the end of runway 34 at Tullamarine; the simple message for the State Government is maximise the use of new rail capacity</figcaption></figure>A potential timetable departing Southern Cross could look like this:

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:100%">
<thead><tr>
<th scope="col">Destination</th>
			<th scope="col">Southern Cross</th>
			<th scope="col">Sunshine</th>
			<th scope="col">Airport</th>
		</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Airport</td>
			<td>17:00</td>
			<td>17:11</td>
			<td>17:20</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geelong</td>
			<td>17:03</td>
			<td>17:14</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ballarat</td>
			<td>17:08</td>
			<td>17:19</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bendigo</td>
			<td>17:12</td>
			<td>17:23</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Airport</td>
			<td>17:15</td>
			<td>17:26</td>
			<td>17:35</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geelong</td>
			<td>17:20</td>
			<td>17:31</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ballarat</td>
			<td>17:25</td>
			<td>17:36</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Airport</td>
			<td>17:30</td>
			<td>17:41</td>
			<td>17:50</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bendigo</td>
			<td>17:32</td>
			<td>17:43</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geelong</td>
			<td>17:36</td>
			<td>17:47</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ballarat</td>
			<td>17:40</td>
			<td>17:51</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Airport</td>
			<td>17:45</td>
			<td>17:56</td>
			<td>18:05</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bendigo</td>
			<td>17:48</td>
			<td>17:59</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Geelong</td>
			<td>17:50</td>
			<td>18:01</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ballarat</td>
			<td>17:55</td>
			<td>18:06</td>
			<td> </td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Airport</td>
			<td>18:00</td>
			<td>18:11</td>
			<td>18:20</td>
		</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
City to Airport rail services must be fast and express to make the case for attracting patronage.

The MARL study claimed there would be limited opportunities for express City-Airport services if Metro (and the Metro fleet) were to operate the services and the same South-East connectivity can be achieved by passengers on the Pakenham/Cranbourne lines changing trains at Sunshine using the V/Line &amp; RRL track option.

The Baillieu/Napthine Government's MARL study also identified the possibility of creating a new MYKI zone for this purpose and we, the travelling public, should make it absolutely clear that this should be a modest increase, not just another revenue stream for the entity that owns the lease over Tullamarine airport.
</body></html>

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