The new <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/yarraville-green-42-stephen-street-yarraville-vic-3013">Yarraville Green</a> development in Melbourne's inner west is showing that landscaping can be just as influential as architecture, with buyers responding strongly to the garden-first approach adopted from the outset by developer Excelon Projects and the project's design team.

Excelon appointed Six Degrees Architects and landscape architects SBLA to work collaboratively on the development, with a brief to create "a sustainable, design-led building with a focus on community."

That approach has resonated with buyers. According to Next Chapter Director Tom Hirini, who is leading the sales campaign, the landscaped communal garden has become one of the project's defining features, alongside its boutique scale and European-inspired cluster housing concept.

Local downsizers, right-sizers and established families already living in Yarraville and surrounding suburbs have accounted for the majority of purchasers.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144913 project_image_fid=297740]

Yarraville Green will comprise 53 homes, including apartments and townhomes, arranged around the shared central garden to maximise connections to the landscaped open space. Parking has been moved underground, allowing the ground plane to be dedicated to greenery, pedestrian movement and communal spaces.

The landscape extends well beyond passive planting. Productive garden beds, a pergola, communal gathering spaces, garden sheds and a pet wash have all been integrated into the masterplan, creating spaces designed to encourage everyday interaction between residents.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144913 project_image_fid=297741]

The interiors continue Excelon's focus on craftsmanship, incorporating bespoke elements by Melbourne artisans including leadlight detailing by Adadaz, hand-turned timber hardware by Auburn Woodturning and blown-glass lighting by Ruth Allen.

Sustainability has also been embedded throughout the project, with Yarraville Green targeting an average 7-star NatHERS energy rating through passive design principles, rooftop solar servicing common areas and rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=144913 project_image_fid=297735]

Construction continues to progress at Yarraville Green, with structural works well underway and framing works approaching completion under builder Balmain &amp; Co. The project remains on track for completion in mid-2027.

Apartments at Yarraville Green are currently priced from $625,000, while townhomes start from $1.4 million.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=144913]

Joel Robinson

Garden-led design drives buyer demand at Yarraville Green

National diversified developer Fortis has officially launched Crest &amp; Walker, its latest Brisbane apartment development, with construction now underway on the 20-storey Newstead project.

Award-winning builder BINAH has commenced construction on the Bureau^Proberts-designed building, which will deliver a limited collection of 65 two and three-bedroom apartments on Kyabra Street.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145922 project_image_fid=373556]

The project marks Fortis' fourth active residential development in Brisbane, following River House, which is nearing completion, alongside projects in New Farm and Hamilton as the national developer continues to expand its South East Queensland pipeline.

Fortis General Manager – Development Queensland Dan Boman said Crest &amp; Walker reflects the developer's long-term commitment to delivering design-led residential projects in Brisbane's established inner-city suburbs.

"We're proud to be strengthening our presence in Brisbane with Crest &amp; Walker, particularly in such a sought-after lifestyle destination as Newstead," Boman said.

"Every Fortis project is shaped by its context, and we approach each one with the respect and care it deserves.

"Our focus is always on creating places that feel connected to their neighbourhood and elevate the everyday experience for residents. Newstead continues to evolve as one of Brisbane's most sought-after urban communities, and Crest &amp; Walker reflects our ambition to contribute meaningfully to that story."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145922 project_image_fid=373559]

Positioned between Gasworks Plaza and James Street, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/crest-walker-newstead-12-kyabra-street-newstead-qld-4006">Crest &amp; Walker</a> has been designed as a boutique residential address offering privacy and generous living spaces within one of Brisbane's most established lifestyle precincts.

The building features a contemporary brick podium softened by integrated landscaping, while the upper levels are characterised by restrained architecture and enduring materiality. Interiors have been designed to maximise natural light, acoustic performance and long-term liveability.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145922 project_image_fid=373583]

Residences comprise spacious two and three-bedroom floorplans, with two-bedroom apartments priced from $1.55 million and three-bedroom, half-floor residences from $3.95 million.

Residents will have access to a wellness-focused rooftop featuring a swimming pool, sauna, steam room, landscaped dining spaces and outdoor lounge areas overlooking Newstead and the Brisbane CBD.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=145922 project_image_fid=373571]

Sales are being managed by Slaite Projects, with Fortis expecting strong demand from owner-occupiers seeking a high-quality, design-focused apartment in one of Brisbane's most tightly held inner-city suburbs.

Completion of Crest &amp; Walker is slated for late 2028.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=145922]

Fortis expands Brisbane pipeline with launch of Crest & Walker in Newstead

The enormity of delivering a true skyscraper in Australia's new development market is often overlooked.

It has taken the best part of a decade since plans for Chevron One were first unveiled, but the 40-storey tower is now complete, with residents collecting their keys and moving into what has become one of the Gold Coast's most recognisable new landmarks.

Rising 127 metres above Chevron Island, Chevron One stands almost twice as high as any other building on the island. Its scale places it alongside the trio of towers at Jewel, arguably the last truly significant addition to the central Gold Coast skyline when they were completed around six years ago.

While there are several developments underway around a similar height to Chevron One, they are more concentrated within clusters of the highest towers in the city. The fact Chevron One sits within a developing precinct, looking back at the other high-rise developments in Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach, makes it a different proposition altogether. It will certainly become a reference point on the Gold Coast skyline.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=6515 project_image_fid=68833]

Developer Bensons Property Group is behind the 40-storey tower, which has just shy of 230 apartments, along with an exhaustive list of resident amenity spread across what is the largest development site ever assembled on Chevron Island.

The tower has been the talk of the town for years, says Ray White Projects Gold Coast agent Caitlin Rosenboom, who is selling the remaining apartments.

"People have been watching Chevron One go up for years," Rosenboom says, adding that many prospective buyers have been surprised by the scale of the views once they step inside.

"It's only when they walk through a completed apartment that they truly understand the position of the building," Rosenboom says.

"The views are jaw-dropping. Whether you're looking east over the ocean, across Surfers Paradise, along the river systems or out to the hinterland, every level offers something different but equally impressive."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=6515 project_image_fid=360215]

One of Chevron One's defining advantages is its location on the eastern side of Chevron Island on Stanhill Drive, a position which protects the views forever.

"There's only one row of houses between Chevron One and the water, and the height restrictions along the river means views from Chevron One can never be built out,"&nbsp;Rosenboom says.

While new apartment developments continue to emerge across the Gold Coast, Rosenboom says opportunities to secure a completed apartment with this level of outlook are becoming increasingly rare.

"The size of the site is something that would be incredibly difficult to replicate today," she says.

"That's allowed Chevron One to deliver the sort of amenity, open space and resident facilities that very few projects can offer. There are not many completed apartment buildings on the Gold Coast right now that can compete with the combination of scale, quality and amenity."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=6515 project_image_fid=68839]

There's around 2,000 sqm of amenity solely for the use of residents of Chevron One. Club One features a uniquely shaped swimming pool that mirrors the footprint of the building itself, set within a extensively landscaped gardens. There's also an indoor pool and spa, a fully equipped gym with a Pilates room, a yoga garden, a bookable private dining area and lounge that can host up to 30 people, and a 24-hour concierge service.

As for the buyers, Rosenboom is fielding enquiry from everywhere: Sydneysiders and Melburnians looking at the new and off-the-plan market following the changes in the Federal Budget, as well as those looking to relocate, through to South East Queenslanders seeking either a permanent home or a weekender bolthole.

"The Gold Coast lifestyle continues to resonate with people relocating from the southern states, and when they see the views and the quality of what's been delivered at Chevron One, it becomes very easy for them to understand the appeal," Rosenboom says.

A diverse mix of one, two and three-bedroom apartments remain available, with each offering "something a little different", be it the orientation and views, configuration, or level, to suit a wide variety of buyers.

The remaining apartments are ready to inspect in person, by appointment.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=6515]

A decade in the making: Residents to move into Chevron One as construction wraps up

A general rule of thumb in new apartment developments is that the penthouses get the rooftop.

It's a formula that's become commonplace across Australia's apartment market. Residents might have access to a pool, gym or barbecue facilities on a dedicated lower level, but the most desirable outdoor spaces are typically reserved for the highest-priced homes at the top of the building.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sherpa-property-group">Sherpa Property Group</a> has taken the opposite approach.

Rather than dedicating the rooftop to a handful of buyers, the Gold Coast developer has made it the centrepiece of its Flourish collection, creating expansive shared spaces from the best vantage point in the building.

The philosophy has reached its most ambitious expression at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/flourish-soleira-palm-beach-1150-1160-gold-coast-highway-palm-beach-qld-4221">Flourish Soleira</a> in Palm Beach, where two rooftop precincts connected by a skybridge will deliver one of the most extensive lifestyle offerings seen in a residential apartment project on the Gold Coast.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=374053]

"We're seeing a clear move toward developments that offer more than just an apartment," Sherpa Group founder Christie Leet said.

"People want spaces that support how they actually live, whether that's working from home, staying active, or spending time with family and friends.

"That's where amenity becomes critical. It's not just about what's included, but how those spaces are designed to be used every day."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=374052]

The breadth of amenity has already attracted buyers across multiple demographics. Younger first home buyers have been drawn to Soleira's one-bedroom apartments, a product rarely delivered in Palm Beach, while families have responded to practical inclusions such as the shallow children's pool adjoining the main lap pool and the extensive communal recreation areas.

Instead of a single rooftop, Soleira delivers two distinct lifestyle zones.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=372547]

The southern rooftop has been dedicated to wellness, featuring a gym, yoga and Pilates studio, work-from-home facilities, a wellness centre, spa, and hot and cold plunge pools.

The northern rooftop focuses on recreation and entertaining, incorporating a heated resort-style pool, private dining rooms, pizza ovens, barbecues, a golf simulator, children's recreation areas, and what is expected to be the Gold Coast's first rooftop basketball court, which will also double as a squash court.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=374054]

Beyond the rooftops, Soleira will introduce 1,500 sqm of curated retail beneath the towers, creating one of Palm Beach's first genuinely mixed-use lifestyle precincts where cafés, restaurants and convenience retail become part of residents' everyday lives.

Sherpa has also retained management rights across the development, allowing it to oversee the long-term operation of the building through a 24-hour concierge model. The developer is also exploring additional revenue streams within the precinct aimed at helping offset ongoing body corporate costs for residents.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=370962]

While Soleira is the largest project Sherpa has delivered, the rooftop-first philosophy has been evolving for several years.

It began with <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/amargo-6-12-sixth-avenue-palm-beach-qld-4221">Flourish Amargo</a>, the first project released under the Flourish brand. Rather than competing at the ultra-luxury end of the market with oversized half-floor and full-floor residences, Sherpa focused on creating lifestyle-driven apartments supported by resort-style shared spaces.

Amargo introduced more than 800 sqm of rooftop amenity, combining wellness facilities, heated pools, entertaining areas, cabanas, pizza ovens and private dining spaces into what was designed as an extension of residents' homes rather than a facility used only occasionally.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146527 project_image_fid=366550]

That approach continued with Flourish Oasis, where the same amenity-led philosophy was refined into a more boutique development. Strong demand from Sherpa's growing VIP database saw much of the project sold before it reached the broader market, reinforcing buyer appetite for apartment communities centred around shared lifestyle experiences.

Flourish Amargo is slated for completion mid-way-through next year, with Oasis to be delivered by late 2027. Flourish Soleira is expected to complete in 2030.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=150017]

Sherpa takes amenity to the sky as Flourish Soleira captures booming Palm Beach demand

As apartment living continues to evolve across Sydney's growth corridors, the quality and distribution of shared spaces is increasingly shaping how residents experience home. Rather than functioning as add-ons, amenities are being embedded into the daily rhythm of a building, supporting everything from quiet retreat to social interaction, often within a single vertical community.

At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/aeris-melrose-park-nursery-street-melrose-park-nsw-2114">Aeris</a> in Melrose Park, this approach is resolved through a layered amenity offering that unfolds from ground level through to its upper podium. Developed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sekisui-house-australia">Sekisui House Australia</a> in partnership with Hankyu Hanshin Properties, the project introduces 468 apartments across two towers and a mid-rise building, positioned at the highest point of the broader masterplan.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=426 project_image_fid=359199]

The amenity experience begins at street level, where two courtyards sit within a landscaped setting that connects residents to the wider network of parks and green spaces. These green spaces are not isolated pockets but part of a wider pedestrian network that links Aeris to the surrounding <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/melrose-park-nsw-2114">Melrose Park</a> precinct, including Central Park, future schools, and the Town Centre opening in July 2026. The result is a transition that moves from public to private without abrupt boundaries, allowing residents to pass through shaded, tree-lined environments before reaching the building itself.

Moving upward, the focus shifts to the level five podium, where the primary communal facilities are concentrated. This space brings together a 16-metre swimming pool, outdoor seating areas, and a communal BBQ zone arranged to take advantage of elevated outlooks. Seating is positioned beneath pergolas, creating pockets of shade that extend the usability of the space throughout the day. The pool edge aligns with views toward the wider district, reinforcing the sense of elevation that defines the project’s positioning.

In the adjacent building, this is complemented by quieter, more contemplative spaces, including an outdoor cinema set within the same level. Positioned to operate primarily in the evening, it introduces a different tempo to the shared environment, shifting from daytime activity to after-hours use without requiring separate zones.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=426 project_image_fid=360299]

The podium also accommodates an intimate private resident gym. Located on the lower levels, it gives residents convenient access to fitness facilities without leaving the building.

Above, the elevated podium sky deck extends the amenity offering, providing additional open-air spaces with elevated outlooks across the surrounding landscape. While more restrained in program, this upper level reinforces the project’s vertical progression, from ground-level greenery to elevated outlook, allowing residents to move between distinct spatial conditions within a single address.

This distribution of amenities reflects a deliberate response to how residents use space across the day. Sekisui House Australia Sales and Marketing Director Peter Kalaf points to the role these shared areas play in shaping buyer demand. Aeris has been conceived as more than a collection of apartments, with the podium pool, gym and outdoor cinema forming part of a broader lifestyle offering that extends the home beyond each individual residence.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=426 project_image_fid=360300]

What distinguishes Aeris is not the inclusion of these elements individually, but how they are arranged in relation to one another. Active, social, and passive spaces are layered vertically rather than separated, allowing residents to choose between them without leaving the building or moving far from their apartment. This proximity supports both routine use, such as a morning swim or evening workout, and more occasional gatherings, whether around the BBQ area or within the cinema setting.

The amenity design also sits within a broader framework of connectivity across Melrose Park. The Melrose Park Town Centre, anchored by Coles and Dan Murphys, features a mix of retail, dining, health and lifestyle offerings, bringing everyday convenience closer to residents. By the end of the year, more than five hectares of parks and open space, equivalent to around seven football fields of green space on residents' doorstep, will further enhance the precinct, allowing the internal facilities at Aeris to operate as an extension of the wider neighbourhood rather than a substitute for it.

Construction at Aeris continues to gather momentum, with ground floor slabs expected to be completed in late 2026 before the first sections of the buildings begin to rise above ground.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=426]

Elevated amenity anchors daily life at Aeris, Melrose Park

Mortgages

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All 30 panelists in the monthly Finder.com.au survey of the RBA rate decision suggested the central bank will hold at the November 2017 meeting.
There reasons are below:
Jordan​ ​Eliseo,​ ​ABC​ ​Bullion:​ ​(Hold)​ "Despite​ ​concerns​ ​about​ ​a​ ​slowdown​ ​in​ ​retail​ ​sales​ ​growth over​ ​the​ ​last​ ​few​ ​months​ ​-​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​still​ ​appear​ ​confident​ ​in​ ​the​ ​outlook​ ​for​ ​the​ ​Australian economy,​ ​though​ ​their​ ​rhetoric​ ​around​ ​tightening​ ​policy​ ​has​ ​changed​ ​appropriately.​ ​We​ ​still see​ ​the​ ​next​ ​move​ ​as​ ​down,​ ​but​ ​it​ ​will​ ​not​ ​come​ ​until​ ​Q1​ ​2018​ ​at​ ​the​ ​earliest." 
Tim​ ​Nelson,​ ​AGL​ ​Energy:​ ​(Hold)​ "Little​ ​change​ ​in​ ​conditions." 
Shane​ ​Oliver,​ ​AMP​ ​Capital:​ ​(Hold)​ "RBA​ ​expectations​ ​for​ ​stronger​ ​growth​ ​ahead,​ ​high​ ​levels of​ ​business​ ​confidence​ ​and​ ​strong​ ​employment​ ​growth​ ​all​ ​argue​ ​against​ ​a​ ​rate​ ​cut.​ ​But​ ​a slowdown​ ​in​ ​the​ ​housing​ ​cycle,​ ​risks​ ​around​ ​consumer​ ​spending,​ ​weak​ ​wages​ ​growth​ ​and inflation​ ​and​ ​the​ ​too​ ​high​ ​Australian​ ​dollar​ ​argue​ ​against​ ​a​ ​rate​ ​hike.​ ​So​ ​the​ ​most​ ​likely outcome​ ​is​ ​rates​ ​remaining​ ​on​ ​hold​ ​-​ ​out​ ​to​ ​late​ ​2017​ ​at​ ​least." 
Paul​ ​Dales,​ ​Capital​ ​Economics:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​economy​ ​and​ ​inflation​ ​are​ ​not​ ​strong​ ​enough​ ​to warrant​ ​higher​ ​interest​ ​rates,​ ​but​ ​nor​ ​are​ ​they​ ​weak​ ​enough​ ​to​ ​justify​ ​lower​ ​interest​ ​rates.​ ​" 
Michael​ ​Blythe,​ ​CBA:​ ​(Hold)​ "Low​ ​inflation​ ​means​ ​[there​ ​is]​ ​no​ ​rush​ ​to​ ​act." 
Peter​ ​Gilmore,​ ​Gateway​ ​Credit​ ​Union:​ ​(Hold)​ "Looks​ ​like​ ​we​ ​are​ ​in​ ​an​ ​inflation​ ​trap." 
Scott​ ​Morgan,​ ​Greater​ ​Bank:​ ​(Hold)​ "Domestic​ ​economic​ ​data​ ​is​ ​mixed​ ​and​ ​does​ ​not​ ​yet support​ ​a​ ​move." 
Mark​ ​Brimble,​ ​Griffith​ ​Uni:​ ​(Hold)​ "Economy​ ​is​ ​still​ ​struggling​ ​to​ ​gather​ ​any​ ​meaningful moment." 
Shane​ ​Garrett,​ ​Housing​ ​Industry​ ​Association:​ ​(Hold)​ ​"No​ ​need​ ​to​ ​increase​ ​rates​ ​at​ ​this​ ​time: economic​ ​growth​ ​has​ ​to​ ​have​ ​enough​ ​space​ ​to​ ​recover​ ​to​ ​its​ ​trend​ ​rate​ ​and​ ​inflationary pressures​ ​are​ ​weaker​ ​than​ ​expected." 
Paul​ ​Bloxham,​ ​HSBC:​ ​(Hold)​ "Inflation​ ​is​ ​still​ ​below​ ​target." 
Alex​ ​Joiner,​ ​IFM​ ​Investors:​ ​(Hold)​ "Economic​ ​signals​ ​are​ ​mixed,​ ​especially​ ​outside​ ​the​ ​labour market.​ ​Added​ ​to​ ​this​ ​inflationary​ ​pressures​ ​are​ ​subdued​ ​and​ ​wages​ ​growth​ ​are​ ​anticipated​ ​to remain​ ​soft." 
Michael​ ​Witts,​ ​ING​ ​Bank:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​RBA​ ​is​ ​comfortable​ ​with​ ​the​ ​current​ ​setting​ ​of​ ​rates​ ​and does​ ​not​ ​appear​ ​to​ ​be​ ​in​ ​a​ ​rush​ ​to​ ​change​ ​the​ ​policy​ ​settings.​ ​the​ ​low​ ​CPI​ ​print​ ​supports​ ​a further​ ​extension​ ​of​ ​stable​ ​rates." 
Leanne​ ​Pilkington,​ ​Laing+Simmons:​ ​(Hold)​ "Recent​ ​data​ ​pointing​ ​to​ ​flat​ ​price​ ​growth​ ​and subdued​ ​clearance​ ​rates​ ​reinforce​ ​the​ ​case​ ​for​ ​a​ ​hold​ ​decision.​ ​Of​ ​course,​ ​the​ ​housing​ ​market is​ ​more​ ​complicated​ ​than​ ​this,​ ​with​ ​different​ ​suburban​ ​markets​ ​performing​ ​according​ ​to​ ​their own​ ​fundamentals." 
Matthew​ ​Tiller,​ ​LJ​ ​Hooker:​ ​(Hold)​ "Despite​ ​strong​ ​employment​ ​numbers,​ ​inflation​ ​and​ ​wage growth​ ​remain​ ​soft.​ ​Property​ ​price​ ​growth​ ​has​ ​moderated,​ ​relieving​ ​pressure​ ​on​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​to shift​ ​rated." 
Stephen​ ​Koukoulas,​ ​Market​ ​Economics:​ ​(Hold)​ "RBA​ ​will​ ​continue​ ​to​ ​ignore​ ​weak​ ​inflation and​ ​wage​ ​results​ ​and​ ​instead​ ​create​ ​a​ ​perception​ ​of​ ​concerns​ ​about​ ​financial​ ​stability.​ ​A​ ​rate cut​ ​is​ ​long​ ​overdue.” 
John​ ​Caelli,​ ​ME:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​RBA​ ​has​ ​signalled​ ​the​ ​next​ ​move​ ​will​ ​be​ ​up." 
Michael​ ​Yardney,​ ​Metropole​ ​Property​ ​Strategists:​ ​(Hold)​ "Our​ ​housing​ ​markets​ ​have​ ​slowed down,​ ​so​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​need​ ​for​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​to​ ​raise​ ​rates,​ ​and​ ​even​ ​though​ ​inflation​ ​is​ ​below​ ​target and​ ​the​ ​economy​ ​is​ ​flat,​ ​they​ ​dare​ ​not​ ​lower​ ​rates​ ​in​ ​fear​ ​of​ ​fuelling​ ​the​ ​property​ ​markets." 
Mark​ ​Crosby,​ ​Monash​ ​University:​ ​(Hold)​ "Pressures​ ​to​ ​cut​ ​rates​ ​have​ ​diminished​ ​to​ ​near zero,​ ​so​ ​the​ ​question​ ​now​ ​is​ ​on​ ​the​ ​timing​ ​of​ ​rate​ ​increases​ ​-​ ​which​ ​should​ ​hinge​ ​on international​ ​developments." 
Jessica​ ​Darnbrough,​ ​Mortgage​ ​Choice:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​domestic​ ​and​ ​international​ ​economies are​ ​starting​ ​to​ ​show​ ​signs​ ​of​ ​improvement,​ ​which​ ​could​ ​encourage​ ​the​ ​Reserve​ ​Bank​ ​to​ ​lift the​ ​cash​ ​rate​ ​at​ ​some​ ​point​ ​over​ ​the​ ​coming​ ​months.​ ​That​ ​said,​ ​for​ ​right​ ​now,​ ​inflation​ ​remains below​ ​target,​ ​which​ ​will​ ​no​ ​doubt​ ​lead​ ​the​ ​Board​ ​to​ ​leave​ ​the​ ​official​ ​cash​ ​rate​ ​on​ ​hold.​ ​" 
Chris​ ​Schade,​ ​MyState​ ​Bank:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​economy​ ​is​ ​showing​ ​some​ ​promising​ ​signs, including​ ​the​ ​drag​ ​on​ ​growth​ ​from​ ​the​ ​unwinding​ ​of​ ​the​ ​mining​ ​investment​ ​boom​ ​being​ ​near its​ ​end,​ ​business​ ​confidence​ ​and​ ​conditions​ ​solid,​ ​strong​ ​levels​ ​of​ ​public​ ​infrastructure​ ​work, dwelling​ ​construction​ ​plateauing​ ​as​ ​opposed​ ​to​ ​declining,​ ​and​ ​quite​ ​high​ ​levels​ ​of​ ​job creation.​ ​There​ ​remain​ ​some​ ​weak​ ​spots​ ​however​ ​(e.g.​ ​wage​ ​growth,​ ​consumer​ ​confidence​ ​in their​ ​personal​ ​finances),​ ​and​ ​some​ ​areas​ ​of​ ​the​ ​economy​ ​that​ ​are​ ​in​ ​transition​ ​(e.g.​ ​housing market​ ​following​ ​numerous​ ​regulatory​ ​changes​ ​-​ ​albeit​ ​localised​ ​conditions​ ​vary​ ​widely). 
Overall,​ ​while​ ​it​ ​appears​ ​the​ ​economy​ ​is​ ​on​ ​the​ ​right​ ​track,​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​will​ ​likely​ ​continue​ ​to​ ​hold the​ ​cash​ ​rate​ ​at​ ​1.5%​ ​and​ ​allow​ ​the​ ​economy​ ​some​ ​more​ ​time​ ​to​ ​develop.​ ​On​ ​current information,​ ​it​ ​would​ ​seem​ ​probable​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​will​ ​hike​ ​in​ ​2018,​ ​most​ ​like​ ​the​ ​second​ ​half." 
Saul​ ​Eslake:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​RBA's​ ​made​ ​it​ ​clear​ ​that​ ​it​ ​has​ ​no​ ​desire​ ​to​ ​cut​ ​rates​ ​further​ ​in​ ​the absence​ ​of​ ​any​ ​currently​ ​unforeseen​ ​negative​ ​shocks;​ ​while​ ​the​ ​data​ ​flow​ ​since​ ​the​ ​last meeting​ ​won't​ ​have​ ​done​ ​anything​ ​to​ ​prompt​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​to​ ​bring​ ​forward​ ​any​ ​thoughts​ ​about tightening.​ ​In​ ​particular,​ ​the​ ​slightly​ ​lower-than-expected​ ​inflation​ ​outcomes​ ​for​ ​Q3​ ​have​ ​left 'underlying'​ ​inflation​ ​still​ ​below​ ​the​ ​RBA's​ ​target​ ​range." 
Jonathan​ ​Chancellor,​ ​Property​ ​Observer:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​recent​ ​decisions​ ​of​ ​central​ ​bank​ ​board and​ ​other​ ​regulatory​ ​authorities​ ​may​ ​have​ ​faded​ ​in​ ​time,​ ​but​ ​are​ ​still​ ​working​ ​their​ ​way through​ ​the​ ​economy,​ ​so​ ​no​ ​need​ ​just​ ​yet​ ​for​ ​any​ ​fresh​ ​adjustment." 
Matthew​ ​Peter,​ ​QIC:​ ​(Hold)​ "The​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​inflation​ ​pressure​ ​takes​ ​out-of-play​ ​any​ ​chance​ ​of rate​ ​hikes​ ​over​ ​coming​ ​months.​ ​Rate​ ​cuts​ ​are​ ​off​ ​the​ ​table​ ​unless​ ​the​ ​labour​ ​market​ ​slumps and​ ​the​ ​housing​ ​market​ ​has​ ​showed​ ​sustains​ ​signs​ ​of​ ​cooling." 
Noel​ ​Whittaker,​ ​QUT:​ ​(Hold)​ ​"The​ ​housing​ ​boom​ ​is​ ​tapering​ ​off​ ​–​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​reason​ ​to​ ​raise rates​ ​to​ ​stifle​ ​demand." 
Nerida​ ​Conisbee,​ ​REA​ ​Group:​ ​(Hold)​ ​"Economy​ ​still​ ​not​ ​strong​ ​enough​ ​to​ ​increase​ ​and housing​ ​too​ ​volatile​ ​to​ ​cut." 
Janu​ ​Chan,​ ​St.George​ ​Bank:​ ​(Hold)​ ​"RBA​ ​is​ ​becoming​ ​increasingly​ ​optimistic​ ​in​ ​regards​ ​to the​ ​labour​ ​market​ ​and​ ​a​ ​recovery​ ​in​ ​non-mining​ ​investment.​ ​However,​ ​low​ ​inflation,​ ​slow wage​ ​growth,​ ​spare​ ​capacity​ ​still​ ​evident​ ​within​ ​the​ ​labour​ ​market​ ​suggests​ ​the​ ​RBA​ ​is​ ​still​ ​a way​ ​from​ ​raising​ ​rates." 
Brian​ ​Parker,​ ​Sunsuper:​ ​(Hold)​ "Not​ ​enough​ ​has​ ​changed​ ​in​ ​the​ ​last​ ​month​ ​for​ ​them​ ​to change​ ​course​ ​at​ ​this​ ​point." 
John​ ​Hewson,​ ​UNSW:​ ​(Hold)​ ​"Economic​ ​signs​ ​point​ ​to​ ​the​ ​cash​ ​rate​ ​staying​ ​where​ ​it​ ​is​ ​for quite​ ​a​ ​while,​ ​perhaps​ ​even​ ​for​ ​the​ ​next​ ​twelve​ ​months​ ​or​ ​more." 
Clement​ ​Tisdell,​ ​UQ-School​ ​of​ ​Economics:​ ​(Hold)​ ​"An​ ​increase​ ​may​ ​have​ ​a​ ​negative​ ​impact on​ ​economic​ ​sentiment​ ​at​ ​a​ ​time​ ​when​ ​the​ ​housing​ ​market​ ​effects​ ​have​ ​to​ ​be​ ​carefully managed." 
Other​ ​participants: 
Bill​ ​Evans,​ ​Westpac:​ ​(Hold) 
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

RBA tipped to hold at 2017 Cup Day rate meeting

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<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/justin-malbon-110917" target="_blank">Justin Malbon, Monash University</a>
The <a href="https://sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/110-2017/" target="_blank">federal government will be forcing banks</a> to hand over half their credit data ready for reporting by mid-2018 (with the remainder available in 2019).
It seems rather quaint in the age of big data that the big four banks have been able to hold onto their treasure troves of loan data for so long. This data reveals how reliable we are at repaying our loans. This information is gold to a lender.
For the government’s proposed legislation to work well, it would need to ensure effective regulatory systems are in place to protect our data and avoid more mortgage stress. To achieve this, lessons need to be learned from the US experience.
The new legislation on credit data promises to open up the consumer credit market to increased competition. This may in turn lead to cheaper loans.
Nimble competitors using new technologies could offer consumers innovative loan products at competitive interest rates. Non-traditional lenders could aggressively expand their market share at the expense of the banks. Consumers would seem to be the beneficiaries.
<h2>Lessons from the global financial crisis</h2>
Australia has long maintained one of the most restrictive <a href="https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=if2xjLv74HYC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA273&amp;dq=J+Barron+and+M+Staten+%E2%80%98The+Value+of+Comprehensive+Credit+Report:+Lessons+from+the+US+Experience%E2%80%99+in+Credit+Reporting+Systems+and+the+International+Economy+(MIT+Press,+Cambridge+Mass,+2003)+&amp;ots=uD2_nMsTmX&amp;sig=NcDHHieq7GRoeLAbY_lYdMrYmcI#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" target="_blank">credit reporting systems amongst OECD countries</a>. Australia’s reporting system had only allowed credit reporting agencies such as Equifax and Dun and Bradstreet to report on consumers’ bad credit histories. These histories include things such as bankruptcies, and late loan and rental repayments.
The US system already has required reporting of the positive aspects of a consumer’s credit behaviour, including their timely loan repayments. This has enabled companies to develop statistical scoring models to estimate a consumer’s loan default risk with remarkable accuracy. Credit scoring became the cornerstone for underwriting <a href="https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=if2xjLv74HYC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA273&amp;dq=J+Barron+and+M+Staten+%E2%80%98The+Value+of+Comprehensive+Credit+Report:+Lessons+from+the+US+Experience%E2%80%99+in+Credit+Reporting+Systems+and+the+International+Economy+(MIT+Press,+Cambridge+Mass,+2003)+&amp;ots=uD2_nMsTmX&amp;sig=NcDHHieq7GRoeLAbY_lYdMrYmcI#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" target="_blank">decisions for consumer loans</a>.
Unsurprisingly, this led to intense competition. With more accurate data, lenders no longer had to assume that low income consumers represented a higher risk of defaulting on their loans.
With customer loan histories being made available to competitors, low income consumers with a history of being reliable repayers were offered loans. As competition intensified, an ever-expanding <a href="https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S0733-558X%282010%29000030A008" target="_blank">sub-prime loan mortgage market developed</a>. Shoddy loan practices became rife, setting the stage for the 2008 global financial crisis.
Australian households overall are <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/GFSR/Issues/2017/09/27/global-financial-stability-report-october-2017" target="_blank">already heavily in debt</a>. Intense competition resulting from the proposed new legislation risks pushing households deeper into debt. Low income consumers risk becoming more vulnerable to falling into debt traps.
Partly in response to the global financial crisis, Australia introduced responsible lending obligations on lenders, which are designed to stop loans to consumers who lack the capacity to repay them. However, the US subprime experience showed that lenders became adept at dodging the rules, and regulators <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-subprime-virus-9780195388824?cc=au&amp;lang=en&amp;" target="_blank">appeared to lack the will to enforce them</a>. The regulators will need to be particularly vigilant to avoid this occurring in Australia.
Compelling the big banks to release loan histories to third parties, such as credit reporting agencies, raises further risks that need to be closely attended to. Lenders will either create their own credit scoring models from the data provided by the banks, or rely on the scores produced by credit reporting agencies.
A bad or inaccurate score will have serious implications for a consumer. They may either be refused loans, or only be offered interest rates that are higher than if their score had been accurate.
There needs to be effective systems in place to ensure consumers have ready access to their score, and that they be able to challenge any inaccuracies. Informational transparency should apply for the benefit of both lenders and consumers.
Yet another risk is that our personal loan information will be stolen by criminals. Earlier this year, credit rating agency Equifax was subjected to a cyber attack affecting <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/11/personal-details-of-almost-700000-britons-hacked-in-cyber-attack" target="_blank">over 143 million Americans and over 600,000 Brits</a>. Australia’s largest credit reporting agency, Equifax Pty Ltd, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Equifax Inc.
The data breach is subjecting US and UK consumers to increased risks of identity fraud and targeted scams. Requiring the banks to release our loan data to third parties increases the risk of data breaches.
Increased competition can offer considerable benefits for consumers. However, overheated competition risks damaging the interests of individual consumers, and the economy as a whole.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/86757/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">Consumers also face the increased likelihood of data breaches. The federal government and its regulatory agencies will need to be highly alert to these dangers, and ever vigilant.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/justin-malbon-110917" target="_blank">Justin Malbon</a>, Professor of Law, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/monash-university-1065" target="_blank">Monash University</a>
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/forcing-the-banks-to-hand-over-our-credit-history-might-help-with-a-home-loan-but-it-has-risks-86757" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Forcing the banks to hand over our credit history might help with a home loan but it has risks

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The minutes of the monetary policy meeting of the Reserve Bank Board emphasised some positive developments in the economic data but provided a strong statement around the Bank’s policy guidelines.
However in these minutes, the Board has chosen to emphasise its independence. “Members observed that moves towards higher interest rates in other economies were a welcome development but did not have mechanical implications for the setting of policy in Australia, where the timing of any changes in interest rates would be dependent, as always, on developments in domestic economic conditions. Members also noted that monetary conditions in other advanced economies had been eased significantly more than in Australia since the onset of the financial crisis”.
In that regard, the minutes noted that the Bank of Canada had increased its policy rate “in response to stronger than expected economic growth”. The Bank of England had indicated some tightening presumably in response to a lift in inflation associated with the weak sterling ( in my view a potential policy mistake). Markets also expected the ECB to begin reducing the pace of asset purchases in 2018.
Commentary around the domestic economy was generally upbeat:
“There had been a pick-up in household consumption growth in the June quarter”. That comment came before the release of the August retail sales data showing the weakest growth in retail sales since 2013.
Employment growth “had been well above that required to absorb increases in the labour force”, although the Board did note that growth in jobs had been  based in household services (particularly health care &amp; education) and construction. Our reading is that outside those areas growth has generally been modest. Indeed the outlook for jobs growth was somewhat more subdued than we have seen in the past, “slightly above average growth in employment over the remainder of 2017”.
Residential construction, which has plateaued, is expected to hold around current levels “over the subsequent year or so” – a little vague from my perspective, although presumably meaning all of 2018. Westpac has a more pessimistic view around that cycle than appears to be the Board’s thinking.
Private non-mining business investment has increased to be almost 10% higher than at the start of 2016 – the outlook remained positive and firm’s estimates of future capital spending has increased.
“Public investment was expected to continue to be supporting economic activity”.
On the other hand, subdued price pressures continue across the economy and  retail electricity prices are expected to increase significantly in the September quarter. (Westpac’s estimate is 13%) . It is of some interest that business liaison indicates that retail and manufacturing businesses were largely absorbing increases in energy costs into margins.
Every six months, the Board reviews the Bank’s Financial Stability Review. These minutes help us understand the key issues from the Review that were presented to the Board. In that regard, concerns around China financial risks “remained pronounced” with excessive growth through the less regulated channels including banks off balance sheet activities.
Domestically, attention always turns to household indebtedness. While the Board noted that indebtedness had edged higher, it also highlighted the strength of household’s balance sheets, noting in particular “household assets far exceeded debt with non-housing assets alone being over two times larger than total household debt”.
The concluding paragraphs in the minutes continue to emphasise the Bank’s key views, firstly that growth would increase gradually over the coming year; strong employment growth and increasing wage growth would boost income growth and household spending; and the importance to continue to assess the various risks in the housing markets and household balance sheets.
<h3>Conclusion </h3>
We have always argued that the policy process next year will be dependent on the strength of the domestic economy and not be dictated by any global trend to higher interest rates. It is interesting that the Board has chosen to emphasise this strategy in its minutes.
While the RBA does not release the detailed forecasts behind its general view that growth will be comfortably above trend next year, we can discern from the rhetoric that the Board, to date, has a more upbeat outlook for incomes; consumer spending; jobs growth; wages growth and the construction cycle than is our own view.
We have been encouraged by these minutes to expect that if the economy evolves in the way we anticipate, the Board will see no need to raise rates in 2018.
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bevans-rYk9SxEa4r

The RBA Board ties policy to domestic economic developments - remains generally upbeat

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The RBA October meeting noted the most recent information about conditions in the established housing market suggested that growth in housing prices had eased from the previously brisk pace in some cities, most notably Sydney, and had remained soft in some others.
Housing debt had been outpacing the slow growth in household incomes for some time, it noted.
"Recently, growth in credit to investors in housing had eased a little, although overall growth in household credit had been little changed," the October minutes suggested.
Members discussed the importance of continuing to assess the various risks in household balance sheets.
Taking account of the available information, the Board judged that holding the stance of monetary policy unchanged at this meeting would be consistent with sustainable growth in the economy and achieving the inflation target over time.
The board noted there had been a pick-up in household consumption growth in the June quarter despite ongoing weakness in household disposable income growth.
Members noted that consumption growth had increased in most states, although it had remained noticeably weaker in Western Australia than in the eastern states, consistent with weaker income growth in that state.
Recent strong growth in employment across all the states was expected to support income growth, and therefore consumption growth, in the period ahead.
Members observed that residential construction appeared to have plateaued, with dwelling investment largely unchanged in the June quarter.
The pipeline of work already approved or under way was expected to continue supporting dwelling investment around current levels over the subsequent year or so; the peak of apartment completions was expected to occur during this period.
At the current level of dwelling investment, growth of the housing stock was expected to outstrip that of the population, as it had done in the preceding few years.
Established housing market conditions had continued to ease in Sydney and Melbourne, but had been broadly unchanged in other cities.
This pattern was evident in revised housing price data released by CoreLogic in September, as well as in auction clearance rates.
Housing prices had continued to decline gradually in Perth. Nationwide measures of housing prices had increased by around 9 per cent over the year to September.
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RBA housing debt outpacing the slow growth in household incomes: RBA

Perth house prices still in gradual decline: October 2017 RBA minutes

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<div>
<h1 class="page-title">Statement by Philip Lowe, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision</h1>
<div class="rss-mr-content">
At its meeting today, the Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 1.50 per cent.
Conditions in the global economy have improved. Labour markets have tightened and above-trend growth is expected in a number of advanced economies, although uncertainties remain. Growth in the Chinese economy is being supported by increased spending on infrastructure and property construction, with the high level of debt continuing to present a medium-term risk. Australia's terms of trade are expected to decline in the period ahead but remain at relatively high levels.
Wage growth remains low in most countries, as does core inflation. Headline inflation rates are generally lower than at the start of the year, largely reflecting the earlier decline in oil prices. In the United States, the Federal Reserve has indicated that it will begin the process of balance sheet normalisation in October and that it expects to increase interest rates further. In the other major economies, there is no longer an expectation of additional monetary easing. Financial markets have been functioning effectively and volatility remains low.
The Australian economy expanded by 0.8 per cent in the June quarter. This outcome and other recent data are consistent with the Bank's expectation that growth in the Australian economy will gradually pick up over the coming year.
Over recent months there have been more consistent signs that non-mining business investment is picking up. A consolidation of this trend would be a welcome development. Business conditions as reported in surveys are at a high level and capacity utilisation has risen. A large pipeline of infrastructure investment is also supporting the outlook. Against this, slow growth in real wages and high levels of household debt are likely to constrain growth in household spending.
Employment has continued to grow strongly over recent months. Employment has increased in all states and has been accompanied by a rise in labour force participation. The various forward-looking indicators point to solid growth in employment over the period ahead, although the unemployment rate is expected to decline only gradually over the next couple of years.
Wage growth remains low. This is likely to continue for a while yet, although the stronger conditions in the labour market should see some lift in wage growth over time. Inflation also remains low and is expected to pick up gradually as the economy strengthens.
The Australian dollar has appreciated since mid year, partly reflecting a lower US dollar. The higher exchange rate is expected to contribute to continued subdued price pressures in the economy. It is also weighing on the outlook for output and employment. An appreciating exchange rate would be expected to result in a slower pick-up in economic activity and inflation than currently forecast.
Growth in housing debt has been outpacing the slow growth in household incomes for some time. To address the medium-term risks associated with high and rising household indebtedness, APRA has introduced a number of supervisory measures. Following some tightening in credit conditions, growth in borrowing by investors has slowed a little recently. In the housing market, conditions continue to vary considerably around the country. Housing prices have been rising briskly in some markets, while in others they have been declining. In Sydney, where prices have increased significantly, there have been further signs that conditions are easing. In the eastern capital cities, a considerable additional supply of apartments is scheduled to come on stream over the next couple of years. Rent increases remain low in most cities.
The low level of interest rates is continuing to support the Australian economy. Taking account of the available information, the Board judged that holding the stance of monetary policy unchanged at this meeting would be consistent with sustainable growth in the economy and achieving the inflation target over time.
Click here to read the statement <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2017/mr-17-21" target="_blank">on the RBA website.</a>
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Why rates have stayed on hold: Philip Lowe's RBA September 2017 statement

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The RBA cash rate decision came out at 2.30pm today - and rates were held again.
The bank's last move saw it go to 1.5 percent at the August 2016 meeting, so rates have been held steady for 14 meetings.
It is not the longest run of steady rates as there were 16 meetings (inclusive) between their August 2013 meeting and December 2014 where they held at 2.5 percent. There was another run of 16 meetings between July 2002 and October 2003 where rates were held at 4.75 percent.
The board noted easing Sydney house prices.
The board noted growth in housing debt has been outpacing the slow growth in household incomes for some time.
"To address the medium-term risks associated with high and rising household indebtedness, APRA has introduced a number of supervisory measures.
"Following some tightening in credit conditions, growth in borrowing by investors has slowed a little recently," the board noted.
In the housing market, conditions continue to vary considerably around the country.
Housing prices have been rising briskly in some markets, while in others they have been declining.
In Sydney, where prices have increased significantly, there have been further signs that conditions are easing.
In the eastern capital cities, a considerable additional supply of apartments is scheduled to come on stream over the next couple of years.
Rent increases remain low in most cities.
 
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Sydney housing price easing noted as RBA holds at September 2017 meeting

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Investor lending at Australian banks has dipped, according to the latest figures from the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority(APRA). APRA’s statistics show a $1.57trn total loan books of banks during August, a slight decrease of 0.1% from $1.58trn in July.
The drop was due to a decrease in investment lending with total investment loan books at the banks dropping by $3bn - around 0.5 percent from $553bn to $550bn.
Owner occupier lending rose slightly by $1.3bn (or 0.1%) from $1.022trn to $1.024trn in the same time period, Australian Broker noted.
The big four banks held $1.30bn in August which reflected 82.5% of the total market share. The owner occupier loan books of the big four sat at $830bn in August (81.0% of total market share) while investment lending sat at $472bn (85.4% of total market share). APRA’s figures for the four major banks and the largest non-major banks are as follows:
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/10/03/Table.jpg" alt="">
APRA does not re-adjust for re-classified loans. By contrast however Australian Broker also noted the Reserve Bank of Australia’s (RBA’s) monthly financial aggregates show that overall lending volumes continue to increase with total housing credit growing by 0.5% from July to August and by 6.6% year-on-year.
The RBA estimates that $58bn worth of loans was switched from investor to owner-occupier between July 2015 and August 2017.
Some $1.7bn was moved in August 2017, the website noted.
 
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Investor lending dips, as loans get switched over to cheaper owner-occupier: APRA/RBA updates

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Michele Bullock, the RBA assistant governor, says the central bank is carefully monitoring the high levels of household debt fuelled by by rising house prices and low interest rates and regulators are looking to mitigate some of that high-risk lending areas through prudent steps.
Speaking at "Where to from here?", a panel discussion hosted by Lander &amp; Rogers and Westpac, Bullock said the core focus of the RBA was financial stability.
She made her point by addressing the issue of the resilience of banks and the resilience of households.
Bullock said APRA's prudent steps such as putting a "speed limit" on lending to investors had a definite effect on prices but that the housing market had started to rise again this year and further measures had to be taken such as capping interest-only loans at 30 percent.
She spoke about the increased oversight of APRA in monitoring the risks that banks were taking on. The purpose of these measures was "to bolster the lending quality of the banks so that the assets they had in these mortgages were well secured and lending was prudent,” she said.
Earlier this year, Bullock had said that the RBA was "prepared to do more if needed,” to check any risk from the housing market to the economy.
Back in 2014, lending to property investors was rising “very sharply” and this was an environment where house prices were rising… in Sydney and Melbourne particular, prices were rising about 20 percent annually” which was viewed as a systemic risk by the regulatory bodies.
She said it was possibly exacerbating demand, particularly for new apartments, and “all banks were increasing their exposure to housing” which meant that “if the market turned down, all banks would be affected”.
She pointed out that a substantial portion of lending was interest-only loans which was “a riskier type of lending because peopler aren’t reducing their loan-to-value ratios”.
In such a scenario, regulators had to act and said that no more than 30 percent of bank loans could be IO loans.
“Investors might be introducing more risk by exacerbating cycles in house prices, so if investors are chasing capital gains, they might be spurred on by rising house prices and then if any slowdown occurred that could affect sentiment and they could do the same on the downside,” she said. 
“It’s not their home, so they’re not going to be desperate to hang on to it, so if house prices decline, they might just get rid of it.”
Bullock said the risk from a property market decline would not only affect investors, but also owner occupiers. For owner occupiers the risk was because many were sitting on high debt, if prices fell, the value of their debt would be higher than the value of their property.
“House price per se isn’t the issue, it’s rather what the house price growth might be reflecting in behaviours and introducing risks in the sorts of debt and sorts of behaviours that people are taking on," said Bullock.
She said many households may have stretched themselves to get on the property ladder, while at the same time incomes weren't rising quickly.
“So you’ve got rising debt, rising quite quickly because house prices are rising so people are having to take on more debt but their incomes aren’t rising as quickly, so the debt-to-income ratio is actually rising,” which was a source of worry for the RBA.
On the bright side, though debt servicing was being supported by low interest rates at the moment but the question was "what happens if interest rates start to rise in these circumstances?”
She said that improved lending standards introduced by APRA such as asking banks to put in interest rate buffers…"so banks are assessing serviceability not only on the current interest rate people are paying but with an interest rate with a buffer in it, so about 7 percent as opposed to about 4 percent" was a confidence-building measure in the system.
"This would mean that households would have an increased resilience to increase in interest rates."
 Bullock also said that lots of households have buffers, such as offset accounts, redraw facilities, so they’ve “got a little bit of flex over how much they’re paying”.
"Also, the fact though average debt is high, a lot of debt is held by high income households, so that also gives us a little bit of confidence," but at the same time, high levels of debt does leave households vulnerable to shocks.
Bullock said that when interest rates do rise in Australia, they’re likely to impact consumption in a different sort of way, so this is something that the RBA will have to take into account.
 
 
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Housing-fuelled household debt remains a worry, says RBA's Michele Bullock 

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ANZ has forecast that the Reserve Bank will turn hawkish and raise rates twice next year.
Earlier, another Big Four bank, NAB said the central bank could raise rates twice next year from an earlier view of no hikes.
ANZ's new forecast was based on a more positive view of the domestic economy with both growth and inflation picking up, with unemployment rate expected to fall to 5.3 per cent by the end of 2017.
"In sum our outlook for 2018 is a touch more positive than before, reflecting a stronger outlook for non-mining business investment, the strength in public sector spending [not only in the infrastructure space] and a shallower dip in residential construction than previously expected," ANZ's head of Australian economics David Plank wrote in a note to clients, according to ABC news.
According to the ANZ, the real cash rate — the rate adjusted for inflation — was already negative and if growth accelerates and inflation picks up as expected, it will become even more negative and unnecessarily stimulatory.
"[The] RBA has progressively shifted to a hawkish outlook," Plank said.
NAB had echoed the same sentiment, saying GDP expectations have been revised up, unemployment revised down and consequently inflation moves up as well.
NAB's head of global research Peter Jolly noted the most confident thing he could say about the bank's change in forecast was it would not be the last.
"The big deal here is that having been on a declining trend since 2011, for the first time, NAB is now saying we have seen a turning point for Australia's interest rate cycle," Jolly said
However, the top two — Commonwealth Bank and Westpac, are staying pat on their forecasts, with CBA predicting one rise in the fourth quarter next year while Westpac sticking to a hold right through 2018.
In fact, Westpac chief economist Bill Evans said he does not share the optimism of either the other banks or the RBA about the economy.
"I think the RBA believes it will be raising rates next year," Evans said.
"They are very optimistic on growth, they believe they will see strong income growth."
But Evans thinks the RBA is wrong.
He recently wrote that “Westpac expects that concerns with weak income growth weighing on consumer spending and eventually the jobs market will dominate the policy debate in 2018”.
“The sustained application of macro-prudential policies is likely to continue to ease conditions in housing markets precluding any need for the Bank to raise rates next year.”
ANZ's David Plank concedes household consumption will remain relatively subdued, even if income growth picks up.
The bigger risk to his two-hike theory would be the on-going appreciation of the Australian dollar.
"Likewise, evidence that core inflation or wages are slowing again would rule out a rate hike in 2018."
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