Repeat buyers are one of the strongest measures of confidence in any apartment development.

At <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/era-newcastle-west-124-126-bull-street-newcastle-west-nsw-2302">ERA</a> in Newcastle West, some purchasers are returning to <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/gwh">GWH</a> after living at the developer's One Apartments. Their decision to purchase again was driven by the quality of life they found after moving into their first GWH home.

Keith Wilton had spent years living in a house in East Maitland before deciding it was time for a change. Apartment living had always been on his radar, but he was selective about what he wanted.

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"I had some boxes I wanted to tick," he says.

Keith points to the open-plan design, generous outdoor areas and considered inclusions as key reasons One Apartments worked for him.

“One of those things was a nice indoor open plan area, but also I wanted a nice outdoor open area that I could entertain on in summer or Christmases or birthdays,” he says.

He also found value in the smaller details, from integrated appliances to shared resident spaces including the pool, cinema and rooftop areas.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=356818]

After comparing several developments, he chose One Apartments because of GWH's longstanding local reputation and his own experience working with the developer on a commercial project more than a decade earlier.

"I knew that they were local, that the quality of the build was going to be up there. I'd looked at other apartment complexes around and close by, and I just knew that here was a better decision location wise."

Today, Keith says the move has completely changed how he experiences Newcastle.

"I enjoy living in this location because it's more of a lifestyle change. That Newcastle city living where you can walk to restaurants and bars and even beaches and parks and even shopping across the road."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=356828]

Beyond the location, he says it's the sense of community that has surprised him most.

"Everyone loves living here because they chose to live here, but everyone looks out for each other. It's a real great community feel here."

For Aimee and Lyle Goodman, the journey started almost by chance.

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The couple happened to be having coffee in Newcastle when they noticed the site where One Apartments was about to begin construction.

"We were aware GWH was planning a development," Aimee says. "We made one phone call and things moved pretty quickly after that."

As busy business owners, they initially thought apartment living would simply reduce the maintenance that came with larger homes. Instead, it fundamentally changed how they spent time together.

"We actually catch up more as a family now," Aimee says.

"We've had homes with big yards and lots of space, but everyone ended up in different rooms. Here we'll have dinner together, the kids can play, and we spend far more quality time together."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=356829]

Lyle says their confidence came from GWH's reputation within Newcastle's building industry.

"I know people who've worked across different apartment projects, and whenever GWH came up the feedback was always the same. They're rock solid. They're quality."

That confidence only grew throughout the buying process.

"One of the things that really impressed us with GWH was the whole process, was the communication," Lyle says. "It was consistent, it was regular, there was no problem if we had some weird questions, there was no problems in getting answers."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=351104]

Aimee says one moment stood out.

"The project actually finished on time. We realised we needed to hurry up and sell our house because everything was happening exactly when they said it would."

The positive experience at One Apartments ultimately gave all three buyers the confidence to purchase again with GWH, this time at ERA.

Their confidence reflects what many buyers are seeking in today's apartment market. Location remains important, but so too does certainty around delivery, quality and long-term liveability.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=356822]

ERA builds on those foundations with 280 one, two and three-bedroom apartments across two landmark towers in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/newcastle-west-nsw-2302">Newcastle West</a>.&nbsp;

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/fk-australia">Fender Katsalidis</a>, the project will include more than 2,000 square metres of resident amenities, including a resort-style pool, gym, sauna, private cinema and rooftop entertaining spaces overlooking the harbour and coastline.&nbsp;

The development is also within walking distance of the Newcastle Interchange, Honeysuckle, Darby Street, the harbour foreshore, restaurants, retail and the city’s beaches, continuing the walkable lifestyle that existing GWH buyers say has transformed how they live.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=356826]

For Keith, the appeal remains straightforward.

"You feel at home even before you've moved into your home."

For Aimee, the change is measured in time.

“I just felt like I had more time,” she says.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135096 project_image_fid=351102]

Construction at ERA is now underway, with more than half of the residences already sold and limited two and three-bedroom apartments remaining in the East Tower release. Priced from $980,000 for two-bedroom residences and $1.46 million for three-bedroom residences, buyers can secure an apartment with a 10 per cent deposit, with premium homes offering ocean views from Level 8 and harbour views from Level 10.

ERA is also backed by Resilience Insurance's 10-year Latent Defects Insurance policy, providing protection against structural or waterproofing defects for 10 years after completion. The project is anticipated to be completed in early 2028.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=135096]

Joel Robinson

From ONE to ERA: Why buyers are choosing GWH again in Newcastle West

Virgate Property Group is preparing to commence construction of Verdé, its new apartment development in Melbourne's Arts Precinct at Southbank, following a strong run of sales that has seen more than half of the project's 173 apartments secured.

Verdé has attracted a broad mix of first home buyers, owner-occupiers upgrading from nearby inner-city suburbs and investors, with younger owner-occupier couples aged between 28 and 45 accounting for the strongest enquiry. Many are already living in Southbank, South Melbourne, Albert Park, Port Melbourne, South Yarra and the CBD.

"Verdé is located in one of the most desirable pockets of southern Melbourne," Blair Property Group Director Darren Blair, who is managing sales at Verdé, said.

"It's within walking distance of the Arts Centre, Royal Botanic Gardens, Albert Park Lake, and Southbank's restaurants and retail. It's a great lifestyle location with strong amenity and liveability, which made it a very attractive choice for the project."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=4661 project_image_fid=372549]

Virgate was already familiar with the precinct, having previously delivered the successful Domain House development in neighbouring South Melbourne. That experience gave the developer confidence to acquire the Coventry Street site and continue expanding its presence in Melbourne's inner south.

"We had been keeping an eye on the site and the broader precinct for a few months before deciding to move forward with the acquisition," Virgate said.

The project was ultimately secured in 2020 following feasibility studies, planning assessments and due diligence, with the brief centred on delivering "a high-quality, considered design that feels both refined and fit for purpose."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=4661 project_image_fid=314259]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/bruce-henderson-architects">Bruce Henderson Architects</a>, Verdé comprises 173 one, two and three-bedroom apartments priced from $599,000. The architecture is distinguished by a faceted glass façade that responds to both the site's outlook and Melbourne's changing light conditions.

According to Bruce Henderson Architects, the coloured glazing gives the building a distinctive identity while also providing privacy and solar shading, with residences oriented to capture views across the bay, city skyline and surrounding parklands.

Inside, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/designoffice">DesignOffice</a> has created interiors focused on natural light, efficient planning and enduring materials. Apartments feature engineered oak flooring, natural stone benchtops, floor-to-ceiling glazing and SMEG appliances, while a restrained material palette aims to complement the expansive outlooks rather than compete with them.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=4661 project_image_fid=372550]

Resident amenity has also been designed around everyday functionality rather than occasional use. Facilities include a concierge-serviced lobby, residents' lounge with fireplace, library and co-working space, gym, terrace garden with barbecue facilities, ground-floor café, and package delivery management.

The project's location continues to be one of its strongest drawcards. Positioned on Coventry Street, Verdé sits within walking distance of the National Gallery of Victoria, Arts Centre Melbourne, Royal Botanic Gardens and Albert Park Lake, while Southbank's dining precinct, Sturt Street trams and the new ANZAC Station are all nearby. The surrounding education catchment also includes Melbourne Grammar, Melbourne Girls Grammar, Mac.Robertson Girls' High School and several major university campuses.

The sales team says buyers have responded particularly well to the combination of location, design quality and long-term liveability.

"They're responding really positively to the quality of the design, premium resident amenities and the uninterrupted views. Many also appreciate the location and how connected it is to everything they need."

The ability to secure stamp duty savings before completion has also been a key factor for purchasers, alongside the opportunity to personalise finishes ahead of settlement.

With construction set to commence soon and more than half the apartments already sold, Verdé enters its next phase as one of the Arts Precinct's more established apartment developments, offering remaining buyers an opportunity to secure a residence before construction advances further. Expected completion is scheduled for late 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=4661]

Virgate's Verdé Southbank moves toward construction as sales fly past halfway stage

Downsizer-focused apartment development Kooyongkoot in Hawthorn has been recognised at the 2026 Better Future Melbourne Design Awards, taking home Gold and Silver awards in two categories.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/kooyongkoot-hawthorn-1-kooyongkoot-road-hawthorn-vic-3122">Kooyongkoot</a>, currently being delivered by developer PQD and designed by Cera Stribley, received Gold in the Interior Design – Proposed category and Silver in the Architecture – Proposed category.

The dual recognition reflects the design approach behind the boutique development on prestigious Kooyongkoot Road, where the focus has been on creating homes for downsizers seeking the space, quality and functionality of a detached house within a low-rise apartment building.

Rather than maximising apartment numbers, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/pqd">PQD</a> and <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cera-stribley-architects">Cera Stribley</a> limited the development to just 18 residences, allowing for larger floorplans, greater privacy, generous landscaping and expansive communal spaces.&nbsp;The majority of the apartments also benefit from corner aspects, allowing for dual sources of natural light.

Now around 70 per cent complete and on track for completion in November 2026, Kooyongkoot will comprise a mix of garden residences, ter​race apartments, sub-penthouses, and is crowned by two half-floor penthouses with direct lift access and private rooftop terraces.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=102717 project_image_fid=355297]

The Silver Award for Architecture recognised the way the building responds to its prominent corner position at the ent​rance to Hawthorn's Scotch Hill precinct, one of Melbourne's most established residential neighbourhoods.

Rather than competing with the grand homes that line Kooyongkoot Road, the architectural approach focused on restraint and longevity, using curved brickwork, generous landscaping and carefully considered proportions to integrate with the existing streetscape.

"The form feels fluid and timeless, as though shaped by the landscape itself – architecture that belongs, rather than competes," said Chris Stribley, Co-Founder and Managing Principal of Cera Stribley.

The judging submission also highlighted practical innovations throughout the building, including lift cores servicing only nine homes each, a central landscaped lightcourt designed to bring daylight and ventilation into the building, and fully enclosed private storage rooms with lighting, power and shelving to better accommodate residents transitioning from larger family homes.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=102717 project_image_fid=355293]

The Gold Award for Interior Design recognised the project's focus on long-term liveability rather than display-home aesthetics.

According to the awards submission, the interiors were designed from the inside out, prioritising how homes would function over decades of daily use through generous proportions, practical storage, durable natural materials and flexible layouts.

The specification includes natural stone throughout, upgraded acoustic glazing, V-ZUG appliances and fully enclosed storage rooms, alongside an amenity offering focused on wellness, entertainment and everyday convenience.&nbsp;

Residents will have access to a gym and yoga studio, a wellness centre featuring traditional and infrared saunas, a cold therapy shower and treatment room, as well as a residents' lounge and golf simulator/cinema room for entertainment.&nbsp;Kooyongkoot has also considered the everyday convenience of its residents by offering a private carwash and pet wash facilities on site as well as dedicated parcel lockers and oversized fully enclosed storage rooms.&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=102717 project_image_fid=355303]

The project's attention to detail has already resonated with buyers. Earlier this year, Kooyongkoot recorded one of Boroondara's highest apartment sales when an $8 million penthouse was purchased by a Melbourne CEO downsizing from a nearby family home.

"Every detail feels deliberate, from the overall design down to the smallest touches," the purchaser said.

"The level of quality and refinement is exceptional, but what really sold it was how liveable it felt... It felt like a place where everything had been considered, not just a luxury building."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=102717 project_image_fid=355304]

Sustainability also formed a key part of both award submissions. Kooyongkoot is targeting a minimum 7.5-star NatHERS rating across all residences, supported by passive design principles, high-performance glazing, EV charging infrastructure, water reuse systems and a wellness model focused on lower-energy dry facilities rather than pools and large wet areas.

Located within walking distance of Scotch College, Methodist Ladies' College, Koo​yong Lawn Tennis Club, Aubur​n Village and Camberwell Junction, Kooyongkoot continues to target owner-occupiers looking to remain in Melbourne's inner east without compromising on space or quality. A limited selection of two, three and four-bedroom residences remains available, with prices starting from $1.9 million.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=102717]

Kooyongkoot wins Gold and Silver at Better Future Melbourne Design Awards

New apartment supply has become increasingly constrained across <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/parramatta-nsw-2150">Parramatta</a> in recent years, with fewer projects progressing through to completion as development conditions have become more challenging.

It makes <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/novm">NOVM</a>'s 2021-completed <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/the-lennox-parramatta-12-phillip-street-parramatta-nsw-2150">The Lennox</a> one of the most recently completed residential towers on the Parramatta River, and among the newest apartment developments in Sydney's second CBD.

With the project largely completed before the sharp escalation in construction costs and inflation following the pandemic, The Lennox is now offering pricing that would be difficult to replicate in a comparable new development in Parramatta today, or across much of Western Sydney.

The majority of the 413 apartments at The Lennox sold before and shortly after completion. A limited release of the remaining apartments has recently been brought to market by capital partner <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/equitifund-group">Equitifund</a>, with entry-level pricing from $700,000 and two-bedroom apartments available from under $1 million.

Rising above the Parramatta River at 12 Phillip Street, The Lennox comprises one, two, three and four-bedroom apartments, appealing to first home buyers, young professionals, families, downsizers and interstate investors seeking a completed apartment in one of Australia's fastest-growing economic centres.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=372394]

Rather than positioning Parramatta as an alternative to Sydney's CBD, Equitifund believes the city has reached a point where it stands on its own merits.

"Parramatta is no longer simply an alternative to Sydney CBD, it's becoming a destination in its own right," Equitifund Executive Chairman Greg Huxley said.

"The Lennox captures that evolution with a level of quality and amenity that's difficult to match at its price point."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=953]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/marchese-partners">Marchese Partners</a>, the tower responds directly to its riverfront setting through expansive glazing and open-plan layouts that maximise views across the Parramatta River and city skyline. Interiors feature engineered timber flooring, stone benchtops, stainless steel appliances and floor-to-ceiling glazing, while generous balconies extend the living spaces outdoors.

Marchese Partners says the project was conceived to balance high-quality apartment living with practical, long-term functionality, pairing larger, efficient floorplans with amenities more commonly associated with five-star hotels.

That emphasis continues through the resident facilities, which include a 20-metre rooftop swimming pool, fully equipped gym and wellness spaces, full-time concierge, a residents' lounge, function room, private lifts, secure basement parking and rooftop communal areas overlooking the Parramatta River. Ground-floor boardwalk retail and dining further activate the riverfront and integrate the building into the surrounding public realm.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=925]

Australian housing and finance group Equitifund has secured the remaining apartments, believing there are few completed apartment opportunities in Parramatta that offer the same combination of location, amenity and pricing.

Equitifund National Sales Director Ben Hamblett says buyers are increasingly recognising that premium apartment living no longer needs to come with Sydney CBD pricing.

"The Lennox is where aspirational living becomes attainable," Hamblett said.

"Wake to river and mountain views, step into Sydney's Second CBD, and arrive home to resort-calibre amenities, all without the harbour price tag."

Hamblett says owner-occupiers are also attracted by the convenience of having Westfield Parramatta, Church Street's dining precinct, Parramatta Park, Riverside Theatres, Western Sydney University and major transport connections all within walking distance.

"At The Lennox, lifestyle is not an afterthought, it is the foundation."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=5743 project_image_fid=5374]

The Lennox places residents within walking distance of Parramatta Square, Westfield Parramatta, Church Street Eat Street, Parramatta Station, the ferry wharf, Light Rail, the future Sydney Metro West, Parramatta Park and CommBank Stadium, reinforcing Parramatta's position as one of Australia's most connected metropolitan centres outside Sydney's CBD.

Equitifund says buyers visiting the display suite consistently comment on the quality of the finishes, generous floorplans, river and skyline views, and the walkability of the location. The project has attracted a broad mix of local professionals, upsizers, downsizers, buyers relocating from Sydney's inner suburbs and interstate investors seeking long-term growth opportunities.

That demand aligns with Parramatta's continued evolution as an economic powerhouse. Equitifund Research and Market Insights specialist John Bekiaris says sustained population growth, infrastructure investment and expanding employment opportunities continue to support long-term housing demand across the city.

"Parramatta has evolved from a satellite city into one of Australia's most important economic centres. Population growth, infrastructure investment and employment are all supporting sustained long-term housing demand."

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=5743]

The apartment price gap drawing Sydney buyers west

A luxury beachfront apartment at Rainbow Bay has more than doubled in value since it sold off the plan six years ago, setting a new local apartment record in the process.

The three-bedroom apartment in the Flow development on Petrie Street, the first of four new projects locally by Paul Gedoun's S&amp;S Projects, has sold for $7.4 million, after originally selling for $3.27 million when the project launched in 2020.

The seventh-floor apartment, comprising 187 sqm of internal living space and a 54 sqm balcony overlooking Froggies Beach and Snapper Rocks, was purchased by a local family.

The transaction was negotiated by Pezet Matheson director Kerry Pezet and equates to more than $30,000 per sqm.

Pezet said the sale reflected the limited opportunities to buy into the boutique beachfront development.

"The sale highlights the rarity of opportunities within the boutique beachfront development, where residences seldom become available," Pezet said.

"Flow is one of the Gold Coast's most tightly held buildings. Buyers from our database move quickly when residences become available, and achieving an off-market sale at $7.4 million demonstrates the depth of demand for property of this calibre."

<img alt="Flow" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c585b206-2130-4eee-a50c-3f27c51a7c70" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-07-06%20at%208.33.25%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=m3pHRDV62Y3fvN.XQuQHq.52ilTWpRLf" />

Flow was the first of four luxury apartment developments delivered by Paul Gedoun's S&amp;S Projects at Rainbow Bay and was completed in 2023.

Positioned on the beachfront overlooking Snapper Rocks, the residence includes three bedrooms, three bathrooms, a powder room and views stretching north along the coastline towards Surfers Paradise.

Pezet Matheson Residential principal Mitchell Lambert said buyers continued to prioritise quality beachfront apartments in tightly held locations.

"Flow Residences offers a rare combination of elevated beachfront positioning, architectural excellence, comprehensive resident amenity and premium finishes, which is exactly what discerning purchasers are seeking," Lambert said.

"The transaction further reinforces Rainbow Bay's reputation as one of Australia's premier coastal lifestyle destinations, where limited supply and growing demand continue to support strong market performance."

Pezet Matheson originally marketed and sold out Flow off the plan, making the latest transaction a return to one of the project's original buyers.

Paul Gedoun is selling his third project, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/radia-rainbow-bay-271-boundary-street-coolangatta-qld-4225">Radia Rainbow Bay</a>, after recently completing, and selling out, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/esprit-217-227-boundary-street-coolangatta-qld-4225">Esprit</a>. He has plans for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/first-look-s-s-projects-proposes-88-apartment-wellness-tower-at-coolangattas-boundary-street">fourth building</a>, 88 apartments on <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/209-213-boundary-street-coolangatta-qld-4225">Boundary Street</a>.

Rainbow Bay apartment doubles in price since off the plan sale during pandemic

Infrastructure

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Australian cities figure regularly and highly on the liveability index with three in the top 10 led by Melbourne.
The trend will likely continue if Australian cities, especially Sydney and Melbourne with their rapid population growth, develop transport infrastructure that leads people growth and not react to it, according to Savills.
Many academic studies had pointed to the preference among skilled workers for 'liveability' over financial rewards including a recent (2016) Savills UK study - What Workers Want – which found workers wanted their life contained within a half hour radius.
Savills Australian head of research Tony Crabb said, he expects skilled or knowledge workers to be doubly attracted to places where they can achieve both a high degree of liveability and financial rewards, but transport infrastructure is the critical element with work, rest and play accessible in 30 minutes by car, public transport, walking, or cycling, the key determinant.
"While Melbourne and Sydney were likely to attract a growing number of skilled workers with population forecasts of up to 10 million by 2050, two other cities - Adelaide and Perth – were nominated with Melbourne, by the London based Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), as among the world's top ten most liveable," he said. EIU List of the world's most liveable cities
<ul>
<li>Melbourne, Australia</li>
<li>Vienna, Austria</li>
<li>Vancouver, Canada</li>
<li>Toronto, Canada</li>
<li>Calgary, Canada</li>
<li>Adelaide, Australia</li>
<li>Perth, Australia</li>
<li>Auckland, New Zealand</li>
<li>Helsinki, Finland</li>
<li>Hamburg, Germany</li>
</ul>
“That is a great achievement for those cities but if they wish to maintain that status, transport infrastructure development needs to be front of mind. It needs to lead population growth rather than react to it but certainly governments need to be proactive. In my experience, in cities of 10 million people, cars don't work very well. Australian cities are very car-centric and need to develop better alternatives.
“Major transport infrastructure provides the backbone of investment opportunities and it is generally around such infrastructure that industries agglomerate, but light rail, tram, bus, cycling and street networks are equally important in delivering liveability. In an age where technology allows us to be virtually mobile at a global level, the quality of local neighbourhoods has rarely mattered more,” Crabb added.
Crabb said Australia's ageing population and the boom in demand for childcare were also significant issues that governments needed to consider in terms of liveability and attracting skilled workers. “Buildings including government offices, law courts, hospitals, schools and universities, and sporting and entertainment facilities provide the basic social infrastructure for growing communities and as such are magnets for population growth, but increasingly childcare and aged care are the 'must haves' for skilled workers and their extended families. “As the population grows and ages, the provision and facilitation of these industries also presents further opportunities in the built environment for hospitals, respite care, aged care, retirement living, medical centres and allied health industries which in turn provide anchors for other real estate,” Crabb said. He said while demand for childcare services would continue to grow with opportunities for investors and developers in both neighbourhood and near-workplace crèches, nursery schools and day care, hospitals may well be viewed as the new 'mega-mall'. “Hospitals are a large piece of public infrastructure and generally do not close down. As demand for hospital services increases, the land around them becomes more valuable for ancillary services. Short-term stay accommodation, entertainment, retail, offices, consulting suites, services and parking are just some of the value-add opportunities on offer to investors,” Crabb said. He said in a globally competitive environment governments needed also to be aware of the need to cater to the requirements of an increasingly mobile skilled immigrant workforce. “Skilled migrants have a choice of countries to which they may be attracted, and so hitherto attractive countries will face competition in the form of financial inducements such as free education and healthcare, low taxes, high wages and interesting jobs as well as lifestyle, safety, security and cleanliness. “Given the diversity of attractive offerings from competitors, liveability for Australian cities needs also to factor in policy and development with a multicultural flavour,” Crabb said.
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

Transport infrastructure critical to successful cities: Savills

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/68326/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
Large transport infrastructure projects, which can cost billions of dollars, are major drivers of the economy, and political flagships.
They have significant impacts on health and wellbeing. Yet our research finds these impacts are not as well considered in the project assessment phase as they should be.
A recent Lancet series is the culmination of knowledge linking transport and health. For example, it recommends reducing reliance on private cars and enhancing opportunities for walking, cycling and public transport use. It argues this will improve health both by reducing air and noise pollution, and by promoting physical activity, community connectedness and better access to goods and services, particularly for the socio-economically disadvantaged.
Each transport project’s environmental assessment thus presents a crucial opportunity within the mandated planning process to consider health. This is also when the wider community can engage with the design of projects. The main output of this process, the environmental impact statement (EIS), is available for public scrutiny and comment prior to final project approval. 
<h2>A health check on assessments</h2>
We recently compared the inclusion of health issues in four major transport project assessments. Three involved motorways (WestConnex M4 East and NorthConnex in New South Wales and the 2010 Darlington Upgrade in South Australia) and the fourth the Sydney CBD and South East Light Rail. We did this by first applying a “health audit” to each EIS, then interviewing a range of stakeholders. 
The road assessments emphasised risks from air quality and noise, concluding these were minimal. Indeed, each project was predicted to improve air quality and, by extension, health. 
When health was assessed, human health risk assessment was the method used, which we judged to be of good quality. The 2010 Darlington upgrade was the only road project not to include health data explicitly in its calculations. 
The light rail EIS referred mainly to the connection of the project to health facilities, with some reference to noise and dust in construction. This statement’s chapter on social impacts, in which health featured strongly, reflects the tone of the recent Lancet report, albeit with less detail. It considered wider health benefits of the project, including better access to health facilities and employment opportunities, improved road safety, opportunities for walking and cycling, better air quality and enhanced social interaction. 
Of the four environmental impact statements, WestConnex M4 East had the most detailed coverage of mental health issues, mostly related to property acquisition. Despite this, there was limited detail in the health chapter when compared to other issues like air and noise risks. Mitigation measures were limited to the provision of phone counselling services. 
The EIS for each of the other projects lacked assessment of mental health impacts due to construction and operation. 
As outlined above, evidence that links transport and health advocates for access to a mix of transport options, giving people opportunities to walk, cycle and use public transport. The importance of this mix was excluded from the project and parameters set for the two NSW motorway projects. 
While the EIS for each of NorthConnex and WestConnex acknowledged the need for multi-modal transport options, their provision was described as being outside the project’s parameters. It wasn’t clear how or when this was being done elsewhere, only that it was not the proponent’s responsibility and not within the scope of the EIS.
This mix of options was minimal in the 2010 Darlington report we analysed. However, the most recent 2016 iteration of this project design appears to emphasise walking and cycling facilities, with a recent announcement of a rail link adjacent to the motorway.
<h2>Why were health impacts neglected?</h2>
Stakeholder interviews were held with project co-ordinators, consultants, the health department and affected community members for the NSW-based projects. We were unable to conduct interviews for the Darlington case due to changing and uncertain project parameters at the time of the research. 
Informants stressed the importance of the requirements issued to proponents by the state Department of Planning and Infrastructure. Health featured in these requirements, largely on the advice of the state Ministry of Health. 
These requirements focused on environmental health risks, particularly concerning air quality. This corresponded to historical community concerns about motorway impacts. 
Despite an overall consensus that health was an important issue, there was little appetite for comprehensive consideration of broader health impacts, such as those advocated by evidence-based research. Crucially, as reported in the environmental impact statements and confirmed through stakeholder interviews, the design of each project reflects prior financial and strategic decisions. The purpose of the EIS is focused on minimising these risks within those existing design parameters. 
Supporting the considerations behind the light rail, there was reference to the cost savings from the health benefits associated with public transport use. This suggests that health was part of that project’s preceding business case. For the motorway projects, however, our research suggests these early decision points failed to comprehensively consider health impacts. 
If health is to be comprehensively included in the environmental impact statement, it is clear that it needs to be considered much earlier on when the decisions are made on the parameters of the project. Our findings suggest the design of these projects – from business case to assessment – lags well behind the evidence surrounding transport and health. 
The community can be confident that these assessment processes were conducted thoroughly within their set purpose. But the bar for considering the full range of health impacts needs to be raised. This will ensure communities are aware of the long-term impacts of infrastructure provision, and that opportunities to promote and protect health through transport are maximised.
Patrick Harris is senior research fellow, University of Sydney and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/patrick-harris-102775" target="_blank">here</a>.
Emily Riley is research assistant , University of Sydney and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/emily-riley-315794" target="_blank">here</a>.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jennifer-kent-13822" rel="author">Jennifer Kent</a> is research fellow, University of Sydney and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jennifer-kent-13822" target="_blank">here</a>.
All are authors for The Conversation.
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Why transport projects aren’t as good for your health as they could be

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The announcement by the NSW Government that a new underground Metro West railway will be the next major public transport project must open up new development opportunities on private land as well as on government owned land.
The announcement that Sydney Metro West will proceed as a rapid transit line between the Sydney CBD and Parramatta is good news.
 Clearly the existing heavy rail is approaching capacity and a new connection is needed between Sydney’s West and East.
The current proposal, as announced by the government, only has new stations on government owned land at the Bays Precinct and at Sydney Olympic Park but there are also options for increased density on privately owned land on sites along the route that should be included. 
The Urban Taskforce has previously suggested other sites for a metro station at Camellia and Kings Bay and there are other areas along the route that should be considered. In order to maximise the public benefits of this costly piece of infrastructure, additional metro stations should be provided.
In March 2015 the Urban Taskforce proposed that Sydney needed a Central Metro line running East West and a Circle Line wrapping around the city. It is good to see that the combination of lines for Sydney Metro has now set the framework for both a Central Line and a Circle Line similar to the Underground in London.
The future of the proposed Parramatta Light Rail will now need to be reconsidered. A Metro system will be far more effective in moving large crowds from Sydney Olympic Park than a Light Rail system. The Light Rail from Parramatta may be better relocated along the Carlingford line towards the North.
It is important that significant density of development including tall buildings is stimulated along the proposed Metro West route and that community members understand that this hugely beneficial piece of transport infrastructure comes with additional growth and density.
The Government’s statement that they will use a market-led approach to delivering the new metro line demonstrates the intention to maximise private sector involvement.
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Metro West must activate development on private land as well as government land: Chris Johnson

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GUET OBSERVER
The announcement by the NSW Planning Minister Rob Stokes that the final strategy for the revitalisation of the Parramatta Road Corridor has reduced the number of homes and added a new levy could slow down development and negatively impact housing affordability throughout the area. 
While it is good to see the finalisation of the 2015 draft strategy for the transformation of Parramatta Road it is disappointing that the proposed housing targets have been reduced by a third.
It was only a few months ago that the Planning Minister announced that Sydney’s population growth was stronger than previously anticipated in the Sydney Metropolitan Strategy, requiring 10% more than expected, so a 33 percent reduction in housing targets in the very desirable inner city area seems to be contrary to government’s policy.
The very detailed planning documents demonstrate significant analysis of the various precincts and seem to have retained heights up to 25 storeys in key locations. The urban amenity plans demonstrate a strong focus on the public domain.
The 5 percent affordable housing levy is an inclusionary zoning tax on development and it will clearly have a negative impact on the feasibility of development along the Corridor. Forcing developers to donate 5 percent of dwellings to a community housing provider is likely to increase the cost of the remaining 95 percent of dwellings.
Hopefully these negative signals to the development industry will not dissuade them from developing in this precinct as Sydney is in dire need of more housing supply. 
The Urban Taskforce supports the need for more affordable housing but we have proposed an incentive based system to encourage 20 percent additional affordable housing based on a similar floor space uplift. The Parramatta Road approach seems to be an overall reduction in floor space with an added tax to produce affordable housing and this could negatively affect the feasibility of projects.
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>. 
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Parramatta Road housing reduction and proposed levy could slow down development

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GUEST OBSERVER
Last week Fairfax Media reported that the Parramatta Light Rail is set to cost the NSW government not A$1 billion (together with part of the proceeds of a levy on new residential developments), as budgeted, but a whopping A$3.5 billion.
People could be forgiven for thinking that the revelation of a A$3.5 billion price tag is surprising, and much higher than expected from what’s been budgeted. But as a new Grattan Institute report shows, cost overruns in public transport infrastructure are far too common.
The report is the first comprehensive Australian study of all 836 transport infrastructure projects valued at A$20 million or more and planned or built since 2001. It reveals that over the past 15 years, Australian governments have spent A$28 billion more on transport infrastructure than they told taxpayers they would spend. Much of this overspending should never have happened. 
The A$28 billion over the originally promised costs does not stem from the accumulation of small cost overruns on most projects. Rather, most projects come in reasonably close to their original announced cost, as the figure below shows. The problem is that when projects do run over, it can be spectacular: 90 percent of the cost overrun problem is explained by the 17 percent of projects that overran their cost promise by more than 50 percent.
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The main culprit for this startling finding is premature announcements. Ministers and shadow ministers frequently promise to build a road, bridge or rail line for a particular cost, especially in the lead-up to an election. 
History shows that projects with costs announced before a formal budget commitment are at much more risk of a large cost overrun than those announced when they are better developed. Over the past 15 years, 74% of the total value of cost overruns is explained by the 32% of projects announced early.
The poor performance of projects with early announcements is not just a warning to mistrust politicians’ promises. Premature cost announcements continue to haunt projects throughout their lives, as the figure below shows.
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It is not common practice to analyse projects from as far back as when they are first announced, but it should be. Once politicians have announced a project, they and the public treat that announcement as a commitment. They are right to do so: two-thirds of these projects end up being built. 
In fact, it is not common practice to analyse the cost outcomes of infrastructure projects in any systematic way. Analysts are hindered by the absence of meaningful reporting on the outcomes of these projects – by the lack of information on how well they performed against the costs and benefits, such as travel time savings, that were used to make the original investment decision.
Failing to collect and aggregate information about past projects also hampers those trying to estimate what today’s projects will cost. Without actual Australian data on past projects, cost estimators may be able to factor in the prices of equipment, material and the workforce, but they can’t factor in how to protect against unusual and unforeseeable events that can have a big impact – “unknown unknowns”.
Today’s projects suggest we are not learning from history. For every project, cost estimators forecast what they expect the project will probably cost (known as a “median” or “P50” cost estimate), and also what it could cost for the one in ten times that a project will probably go over budget – a “worst case” cost estimate (known as a “P90”). 
The experience of the past 15 years shows that the difference between the median cost estimate and the “worst case” cost estimate is 21% on average for transport infrastructure projects valued at A$20 million or more. 
But cost estimates for current projects do not reflect this experience. Instead, the difference between the median and “worst case” estimates is generally about a third to a half this size. Judging by recent history, this suggests that either the median cost estimate is too high or – more likely – the “worst case” cost estimate is too low. 
What’s wrong with this approach is that it probably won’t be one in ten projects that governments are expecting, but actually more likely one in three, that go over the “worst case” estimate. 
Our research also shows that, if history is any guide, these overruns will be bigger than expected. Some of today’s big-budget projects that have these surprisingly low “worst case” cost estimates are the Inland Rail between Brisbane and Melbourne, Sydney’s WestConnex and Melbourne’s Western Distributor.
This is not to slight the motives or the abilities of cost estimators, who deal with intrinsically uncertain costs. But without historical information to draw on, these estimates are inherently limited. The evidence is clear: over the past 15 years, cost estimators expected between 10% and 25% of projects to exceed their budget. In fact, 34% did so.
<h2>Policy changes required</h2>
The solutions are within reach. Governments should not commit to building transport infrastructure before tabling a proper evaluation and the underlying business case in parliament. And once a project is completed, governments should report to the public on how it performed against the costs and benefits behind the original decision to invest. 
Governments can also improve project assessment methodologies, collect and publish data that would enable cost estimators to learn from experience, and manage contingency funds with more discipline. 
We must start to learn from history. Our infrastructure systems should promise what is worth having, and then deliver what is promised.
Marion Terrill is transport program director, Grattan Institute and author for The Conversation. She can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/marion-terrill-169480" target="_blank">here</a>.
 
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Spectacular cost blowouts show need to keep governments honest on transport

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GUEST OBSERVER
When it comes to investment in infrastructure, there’s no question that the NSW Government has work to do. Decades of under-investment in critical services has left a gaping hole, but recent State Budgets have at last announced substantial plans and funding for road, motorways and even more importantly, better public transport.
It’s good news for property as well.  
Infrastructure is vital to economic development and prosperity. Because it comprises the essential services that underpin growth, its development contributes substantially to employment, productivity and competitiveness.
It’s also a very good thing for property markets. Infrastructure upgrades usually result in strong demand in local markets, because property investors will pay more for locations with good infrastructure, or with infrastructure developments in the pipeline.  Transport infrastructure, in particular, both rail and road, makes areas more accessible, and therefore more attractive. This in turn pushes rental growth and occupancy levels in local commercial sectors.
At the same time, infrastructure projects are generally targeted at high growth areas, so this can be used by property developers and builders to estimate employment growth. They boost the local economy by creating new jobs and attracting more people to a precinct, which in turn leads to other, indirect benefits, such as increased consumer spending and the social benefits associated with community development.
According to the <a href="https://www.nsw.gov.au/nsw-regional-infrastructure" target="_blank">NSW Government</a> $20 billion is now being spent rebuilding NSW, and funding to some of the more critical projects has been accelerated. These include the Sydney Metro (City and South-west), the Parramatta Light Rail, Regional Road Freight Corridor and the Western Harbour Tunnel. A new underground railway station at the Barangaroo development in Sydney has also been announced.  In Sydney city, Stage 1 of the Sydney Metro is the $8.3 billion Sydney Metro Northwest is set to open in 2019. Stage 2, extending metro rail under Sydney Harbour and through the CBD is expected to be open by 2024.
For investors seeking to identify areas likely to grow more quickly than others, an understanding of where infrastructure development will be focused is key. Because the effect can be dramatic.  
In 2000, Centuria purchased two properties in Waterloo Road and Byfield Street in Macquarie Park, for $24 million. At that time, there was little infrastructure in the area, and public transport links in particular were poor. Centuria took the view that the area would benefit from planned infrastructure developments, including the Chatswood to Epping Rail Link and the expansion of the Macquarie Centre, both of which were completed. The Macquarie Park office precinct is now larger than the North Sydney office precinct, and there has been an ensuing strong demand for space.
In 2016, Centuria sold the properties for $101 million providing investors with a fivefold increase on their investment and an internal rate of return of over 20% - a significant total return given the sixteen-year life of the fund.
Chatswood is another example of a precinct set to benefit from improved infrastructure and transport links. Sydney’s North Shore office market is already a strongly performing market and in our view is set to perform more strongly still in the coming years. Commercial office space is being withdrawn for residential conversion, which is reducing supply while pushing rents up and vacancy rates down. We believe that the Metro currently under construction will continue to drive above trend growth over the longer term.    
In May of this year, we partnered with global investment manager BlackRock to purchase the best office building in Chatswood -  the Zenith office complex for $280 million. Our 50% stake is held in the unlisted Centuria Zenith Fund, and our forecast is for a 7.6 percent income return in the first year, increasing to 7.7 percent in the 2018 financial year. As for total returns over the life of the fund, we are confident that active management of the property by our specialist asset management team, which includes $30 million in capital expenditure to make the property best in class will result in excellent total returns for investors over the longer term.
Regardless of research or experience, there are no sure things in investment, in property or any other asset class. However, there are themes and trends which influence returns over time. The link between infrastructure spend and the performance of property markets is one of these.
Infrastructure provides essential services that drive economic growth, employment and productivity, and property in the areas where infrastructure is well-developed, performs better than property in other areas. Given the NSW Government’s focus on infrastructure investment, investors would do well to look at areas where money is being spent, and consider the long term possibilities and outlook for commercial property there. 
Jason Huljich is chief executive officer of unlisted property funds for Centuria, and can be contacted <a href="https://centuria.com.au" target="_blank">here</a>.
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NSW infrastructure spend boosts commercial property markets 

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<div class="section">The ABS quarterly survey “Engineering Construction Activity” provides an update of the infrastructure sector, including details on commencements and the work pipeline. Here we provide an overview of the sector.</div>
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Activity: Infrastructure construction work is in the midst of a downturn, from record highs, as the mining boom transitions from the investment stage to the output phase.
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Total real infrastructure activity contracted by almost 10 percent in the June quarter 2016, to be 26 percent below the level of a year ago. That was the fourth year of contraction and follows a fall of 9 percent in the year to June 2015, as well as declines of 3 percent in each of the two years prior to this.
Weakness is increasingly centred on the oil &amp; gas sector, as projects in WA and the NT near completion. Work on other mining projects and mining related projects appears to be stabilising, at a low level, as is work in Qld.
Private non-mining infrastructure activity has strengthened, increasing by 13.5 percent over the past year, centred on NSW and Victoria.
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Public works are trending higher, up from the low of September 2014. Over the past year, public works rose by 16 percent, with further upside near-term.
Commencements: In the June quarter, some $17.0bn worth of projects began work. This adds to the likelihood that the low point for commencements is behind us. For the 2015/16 year, commencements totalled $65.8bn. That is an increase of 8.8 percent on the 2014/15 outcome of $60.5bn. This represents a modest bounce, with commencements still well below the $118bn in 2012/13.
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The turnaround in commencements is being led by the public sector. In 2015/16, public commencements were $32.8bn. That is up $6.2bn on the year prior, centred on roads, rail, and telecommunications.
Private commencements stabilised in 2015/16, at $33.1bn, following $33.9bn in 2014/15, down from $88bn in 2012/13.
Work pipeline: Significant progress has been made in reducing the sizeable work pipeline. The pipeline now stands at $71bn, down from $77bn a year ago and moderating from a peak of $169bn in September 2012.
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Prospects are for a further decline in infrastructure activity as work on key gas projects is completed and given the absence of new mega projects. Public works will provide a partial offset as state governments boost spending on major transport projects. Notably, the value of total work done in Q2, at $22bn, would need to fall by around 20 percent to be in line with the current level of commencements. 
Activity: overview
In the June quarter 2016, the value of infrastructure activity declined by a further 9 percent. Over the past year, activity contracted by almost 24%, following a 10% decline over the previous year.
In dollar terms, the value of work fell by $2.16bn in the quarter, with a $2.28bn fall in private sector activity swamping a $115mn rise in public works. Over the year, activity is down by $6.75bn.
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Private mining
Construction work on oil &amp; gas projects continues to moderate, down $2.55bn in the period, as projects are progressively completed. That brings the decline over the past year to $5.1bn.
Work on other mining projects and mining related projects was relatively stable in the June quarter, declining by only 1%, with a minimal dollar impact. However, over the past year, there was a fall of 50 percent, a decline of $3.2bn. This was as work on pipelines and harbours wound down, as well as a moderation in construction work on coal and iron ore projects.
By way of context to the mining investment downturn, infrastructure work peaked at about $21bn in Q4 2013, is currently around $9.5bn and would fall towards $4bn to be in line with the current level of commencements. On this figuring, close to 70 percent of the downturn in the value of mining infrastructure activity is behind us. (These are Westpac estimates.)
Private non-mining
Private non-resource projects cover roads &amp; bridges, utilities (water supply, sewerage, electricity), telecommunications, and recreation.
Activity in the private non-mining segment strengthened further in the June quarter, increasing by 6.6 percent, a rise of around $300mn. Annual growth lifted to 13.5 percent, up almost $600mn on the level of a year ago. The lift in activity was evident in electricity generation (Victoria) and in sewerage &amp; drainage (NSW).
In the case of NSW, we suspect that there are some positive spill-over effects from the housing boom, boosting the need for infrastructure to service new residential areas. The durability of the lift in private non- mining infrastructure activity remains uncertain. Commencements are yet to establish a clear upward trend.
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Public infrastructure, upturn
The public infrastructure cycle has turned, led higher by a commitment by the state governments to spend more on key transport projects. The public sector now accounts for 1/3rd of total infrastructure activity. Public infrastructure activity grew by a further 1.6 percent in the June quarter, the 6th increase in the past seven quarters. Public works were valued at $7.25bn in the June quarter, $1.0bn above that of a year earlier, a rise of 16 percent.
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There is further upside to activity near-term. Construction work, at $7.25bn, is still running below commencements, which were around $9bn in both March and June. Moreover, the work pipeline has climbed to $19.7bn, up from $12.2bn at the end of 2014, to be above the previous peak of 2010, of $18.7bn.
The upswing in public infrastructure is a nationwide trend. The work pipeline has expanded over the past one to two years in all states. NSW is leading the way, with a work pipeline now at $8.5bn, a near 100% increase on $4.3bn at the start of 2015, to now account for 43 percent of the national work pipeline. As to the $1.0bn increase in public works nationally over the past year, 40% was due to progress on projects in NSW. 
Andrew Hanlan is senior economist for Westpac and can be contacted <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://au.linkedin.com/pub/andrew-hanlan/3/222/430" target="_blank">here</a>. 
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Infrastructure construction work in midst of downturn: Westpac's Andrew Hanlan

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Tourism company Skyline Enterprises said it was reviewing public concerns around its gondola upgrade project at Bob’s Peak in Queenstown and was working to address those.
The Queenstown Lakes District Council has received 19 submissions so far in relation to Skyline’s resource consent application, with most concerns raised about the project’s impact on traffic management, earthworks, the environment and noise.
Skyline Queenstown said in August it had lodged the consent application for the project.
Skyline Enterprises chairman Mark Quickfall said the scale of the project – which involves replacing its current gondola system, building a new base terminal and expanding the top complex – is such that concerns by affected parties were inevitable.
“This is all part of the development process. It’s a major project that involves significant construction works. We are doing everything we can to reduce the impact on our neighbours and will continue to take expert advice on how best to achieve this,” he said.
As part of its upgrade of the fun park at Bob’s Peak, Skyline plans to replace its four-seat gondola system with a quieter 10-seat Doppelmayr gondola, nearly doubling its restaurant Stratosfare’s seating capacity to 650 besides creating more space for views and conferences. The company says the upgrade is driven by an expected rise in tourists to Queenstown over the next 30 years. 
Skyline has also raised its investment on the project to about $100 million from the initial $60 million, the listed company said in a media release. 
The gondolas were installed in 1987 and the upgrade is part of the company’s 50th year of operation in 2017.
The company has handed design options for Brecon Street to the Council and suggested a Council-led panel be set up to examine the issues. 
“We’ve been in regular contact with affected neighbours and other parties throughout this process – as well as holding public open days – and our door is always open to listen to peoples’ issues,” Quickfall said.
It has invited feedback from the public through its Skyline development website www.skylinedevelopment.co.nz.
Skyline said it was working with acoustic engineers, earthworks, construction and operational noise and traffic and parking experts to address the concerns raised before the resource consent hearing.
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Skyline says addressing concerns around Queenstown gondola upgrade

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GUEST OBSERVER
The latest bid for a share of the New South Wales electricity distributor, Ausgrid, from two big Australian superannuation funds is part of a wider investing trend where infrastructure is the new black.
AustralianSuper and IFM Investors announced an unsolicited offer of a reported A$10 billion after two much larger bids from Chinese interests were controversially disallowed by Treasurer Scott Morrison on national interest grounds.
When big infrastructure assets come up for sale in Australia now, there are increasingly only three types of bidders: Chinese state-owned firms, large Canadian pension plans and local superannuation funds.
Superannuation funds have traditionally invested the bulk of their members’ contributions in the share market. The most profitable companies are usually those listed on stock exchanges and holding shares is widely seen as the best way to ensure long term investment success.
But stock markets can also go down, bringing down superannuation balances with them, as many Australians discovered for the first time during the global financial crisis. Investing in infrastructure has developed as an increasingly popular alternative to holding most of a superannuation fund’s investments in shares.
The returns available in infrastructure are comparable to those available on the share market but they have the added advantage of being more stable. Airports, toll roads, ports and utilities (including electricity infrastructure) have become key targets for superannuation fund managers, both in Australia but also increasingly in Europe, North America and Asia.
<h2>Who are AustralianSuper and IFM Investors?</h2>
With an investment portfolio of more than A$100 billion, AustralianSuper is the country’s largest superannuation fund. Formed in 2006 after the merger of the Australian Retirement Fund (ARF) and the Superannuation Trust of Australia (STA), AustralianSuper has a long history of investment in infrastructure.
Long-term ARF and STA trustee (and former ACTU secretary) Bill Kelty is a particular advocate of infrastructure investment. As AustralianSuper CEO Ian Silk acknowledges, much of AustralianSuper’s investment success can be ascribed to Kelty’s emphasis on infrastructure.
Pairing up with AustralianSuper is IFM Investors. Managing more than A$72 billion worth of infrastructure assets, the super fund is the country’s leading player in the infrastructure sector.
IFM was formed in 2004 (as Industry Funds Management) and is the successor to the Development Australia Fund (DAF). It is owned by 29 industry superannuation funds and invests on a global scale.
DAF was launched in 1991 by the ACTU in collaboration with the AMP Society and the Australian Chamber of Manufacturers. Chaired by Ian Court, the head of Cbus (the building and construction industry superannuation fund), DAF led the push of the industry funds into infrastructure investment. On behalf of the industry funds, DAF partnered with AMP in the privatisation of airports, purchased toll road companies and invested in the renewable energy sector.
Like other businesses owned by the industry funds, IFM is run on a cut-price “all profits to members” basis. It buys up infrastructure assets on behalf of the industry funds, allowing their millions of members to profit from government privatisations.
<h2>Super funds leading infrastructure investment</h2>
The Canadians have only recently cottoned on to the idea that investment in airports, shipping terminals and electricity assets is ideal for retirement-savings schemes. Members of superannuation funds expect their nest eggs to grow over the 30 years or more of their working lives. Infrastructure investments match long term financial returns with the long term investment horizon needed by a pension or superannuation fund.
Rather than being sold to foreign firms or wealthy investors, the involvement of the industry funds in infrastructure privatisations means that all working Australians can benefit.
However the movement of the industry funds into infrastructure has been widely criticised by Coalition politicians. In 2007, the then Treasurer Peter Costello dismissed infrastructure investments as “union pet projects…like rats eyeing the grain silo”.
Infrastructure privatisations are controversial. But selling electricity distributors to superannuation funds means that everyday Australian workers can profit from owning them. Unlike investing in derivatives and bonds, infrastructure investment is a form of direct ownership.
Bernard Mees is senior lecturer in Management, RMIT University and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/bernard-mees-182089" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Electricity infrastructure like Ausgrid is a safe bet for super funds

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GUEST OBSERVER
The growing interest in all levels of government in Australia in the concept of value capture has raised concerns in the property development industry. 
Value capture is not a magic pudding that will fund all infrastructure .
Federal, state and local governments across Australia seem to have discovered value capture as the way to boost funding for new infrastructure.
Clearly cities like Sydney will need increased densities around railway stations to house our growing populations and ways to fund new infrastructure need to be carefully considered so that they do not deter or slow down development.
To contribute to the debate on options for funding infrastructure the Urban Taskforce has engaged two respected economists from the Centre for Applied Economic Research at the University of New South Wales Business School to produce a detailed report on ways forward in this important area. 
Professor Kevin Fox and Dr Nigel Stapledon of the Centre for Applied Economic Research have significant experience and knowledge in this area, with Nigel Stapledon being the Head Economist for Westpac for 10 years and Kevin Fox having chaired the Australian Consumer Price Index Review Advisory group for a number of years. 
The findings of the Fox Stapledon report can be summarised through the following 10 areas. 
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There is confusion between the different levels of government on value capture approaches and better alignment is needed. 
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There is a strong case to remove rate capping for Sydney councils. 
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Density is essential near transport infrastructure to increase commuter volumes. 
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A broad-based land tax is the most efficient way of capturing value created by new infrastructure.
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The timing of new value capture taxes is important so that land owners factor this into sales pricing.
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There is a strong possibility that that value capture taxes will raise the cost of housing.
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Stamp duty which increases the cost of housing should be removed as part of a review of property and land taxes. 
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Special Infrastructure Contributions (SIC) in the vicinity of new infrastructure is a second best option to raise infrastructure funds. 
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Government owned land when developed by the private sector should generate value capture but the sale price will reduce. 
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     10. International examples of value capture (London’s Crossrail, Hong Kong’s MTR) are not directly applicable to Australia. 
The overall message from the research report is that governments must not rush into the concept of value capture without understanding the flow on implications of an extra tax on the development industry and the negative impact this can have upon housing affordability. 
There are numerous ways to capture some of the uplift in value from new infrastructure and these will impact on the overall system of property and land taxes. 
The Urban Taskforce is keen to contribute to discussion with the various levels of government on options for the funding of infrastructure related to value uplift. 
We believe the state government is the tier of government that needs to take the lead role on the complex area of infrastructure contributions and the impact on the cost of housing. 
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>.
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