The residential transformation of St Kilda Road is set to continue into with more new apartment plans for the sought-after boulevard.

Wing Tai Asia has lodged plans for a major residential tower at 464-466 St Kilda Road, replacing the former VACC House with an 18-storey mixed-use development designed around a retained heritage podium and a sculpted contemporary tower.

The proposal, prepared under Victoria’s Significant Residential Development with Affordable Housing pathway, would deliver 325 apartments and ground-floor retail across the prominent 4,653 sqm boulevard site in Melbourne’s St Kilda Road North Precinct.

The project centres on the adaptive reuse of the site’s heritage-listed VACC Building, an eight-storey office designed by Bernard Evans that has occupied the address for decades. Planning documents state the development would involve “carefully dismantling and conserving off-site the original metal fabric of the podium visible from St Kilda Road,” before reinstating it as the defining frontage of the new scheme.

Above the restored podium, Wing Tai is proposing a curvilinear residential tower. The scheme includes 172 one-bedroom apartments, 63 two-bedroom apartments, 66 three-bedroom apartments, and 24 four-bedroom apartments, alongside two ground-floor food and beverage tenancies fronting St Kilda Road.

The tower has been designed with substantial articulation and variable setbacks to minimise perceived bulk and maintain view corridors along the boulevard. Urbis, which prepared the planning report, said the design “has been significantly articulated through a curvilinear design” with “an interplay with materials, façade expression and depth” to create visual separation and visual interest.

The proposal also includes 254 basement car spaces, landscaped pedestrian links connecting St Kilda Road and Queens Lane, and a biophilic landscape strategy featuring canopy trees, raised planters, cascading greenery and a glass oculus pool overlooking the eastern frontage.

Planning documents confirm the $270.1 million development will contribute 3 per cent of project costs to the Social Housing Growth Fund as part of the application process.

Wing Tai acquired the St Kilda Road property in 2018 alongside Abacus Property Group for $95.38 million, before later consolidating ownership of the site. The property previously served as the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce headquarters for around 60 years.

The transformation of the St Kilda Rd boulevard is already beginning to materialise, with a number of high-profile projects recently completed, launched, or approaching launch as developers continue to back the long-term appeal of the precinct.

Among the most notable recent completions is Louise by Samuel Property Group, just off the strip on Queens Lane, the same pocket Hirsch &amp; Faigen recently launched The Queensbury. Mirvac is too on the same street with The Albertine, which is approaching completion.

Dexus recently secured approval for its slice of St Kilda Road, while Gurner also has approved plans for the precinct.

Joel Robinson

Wing Tai unveils 325-apartment St Kilda Road tower on former VACC House site

Malaysian developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/s-p-setia">SP Setia</a> is the latest to jump into St Leonards booming Transport Oriented Development precinct.

The developer, which has previously delivered Sapphire by the Gardens apartment development in Melbourne, identified the Atchison Street site in 2023. It filed a Scoping Report around 12 months ago, and now has revealed the designs for the new&nbsp;40-storey mixed-use tower.

The State Significant Development Application covers <a href="https://next-portal.urban.com.au/projects/14650/summary">20-22 Atchison Street</a>, a 1,374 sqm site positioned between St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">COX Architecture</a>, the project would deliver 181 apartments, above a four-storey commercial podium, five basement levels, and new public domain works along Mitchell Street. The apartment mix comprises 35 one-bedroom apartments, 39 one-bedroom-plus-study apartments, 85 two-bedroom apartments, and 22 three-bedroom residences.

The proposal has been lodged as a shop-top housing development under the NSW Government’s TOD planning pathway, which allows increased density around key transport infrastructure. The site sits within the recently rezoned Crows Nest Accelerated TOD Precinct.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b799673d-48e2-46b0-801a-0e33a9330100" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20site.png?VersionId=dPh0UfwfaHpbFL1R7H1cbZNbIW0CHbCC" />

SP Setia acquired the Atchison Street site as part of its continued expansion into the Australian apartment market. In comments made to City &amp; Country (The Edge Malaysia) in 2023, SP Setia President and CEO Datuk Choong Kai Wai described the acquisition as “a strategic move” aligned with the group’s post-pandemic market recovery strategy.

“Our target for this exceptional development is local and overseas buyers, including first-home buyers, downsizers and investors,” Choong said.

The tower has been designed as a slender vertical form rising from a mixed-use podium, with COX Architecture positioning the development as a response to the evolving St Leonards and Crows Nest skyline.

“The purpose of the project is to facilitate the delivery of high-quality housing at a strategically located site and deliver a built tower outcome that is consistent with the desired future character of St Leonards and aligns with the TOD controls,” the design report stated.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b1a85eee-76f7-436c-a6da-73ba827b9b13" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20entry.png?VersionId=dA9jHGPMcm.dDbwk4QfxqWiY5bfh3UVt" />

The podium would incorporate retail uses fronting Atchison Street, commercial tenancies, landscaped communal areas, and pedestrian improvements along Mitchell Street. Vehicle access and loading would be consolidated via Atchison Lane.

Residents would have access to more than 665 sqm of communal indoor and outdoor spaces, while the development proposes 96 parking spaces across five basement levels.

The proposal also includes a commitment for 10 per cent of residential floor space to be allocated toward affordable housing through a monetary contribution.

COX said the tower form responds directly to the emerging high-density character of the precinct while seeking to maximise solar access, cross ventilation, and outlook from apartments.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2163f85c-f63b-4be3-aafa-f8763976cec5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Article%20Feature%20Image%20%28Grid%29_5.png?VersionId=WiAmtIKJ6.ZQ41EtYEQ1fol7AeorKBlL" />

“The building is orientated towards north,” the Apartment Design Guide compliance report noted, adding that the tower’s slim form was driven by the constrained inner-urban site dimensions.

The design also incorporates landscaped setbacks and communal open space at podium level, intended to soften the interface with surrounding streets and improve pedestrian amenity.

The project adds to a growing wave of redevelopment proposals reshaping St Leonards and Crows Nest following the opening of the Sydney Metro City line and the NSW Government’s push for higher-density housing around major transport nodes.

Last week Stockland filed plans just down the road. They want to build a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/601-pacific-highway-st-leonards-nsw-2065">52-storey tower on Pacific Highway</a>.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">First look: Stockland plans 52-storey, 538-apartment St Leonards tower&nbsp;</a>

First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a> has revealed plans for a new mixed-use tower at 10 Dangar Street, Wickham, advancing a proposal that would reshape the southern gateway to Newcastle’s city centre with one of the city’s tallest residential buildings.

The State Significant Development proposal, now on exhibition, seeks approval for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/bowline-10-dangar-street-wickham-nsw-2293">43-storey tower</a> immediately adjacent to the Newcastle Interchange. The project would deliver around 200 apartments, including 42 affordable housing dwellings, alongside 99 co-living units, a 171-room hotel, retail space, and new public domain integrated through the site.

The scheme marks a significant escalation of plans previously approved for the site. Urban Property Group took over the prominent 2,904 sqm parcel, where excavation and demolition had already commenced under an earlier consent for a 14-storey mixed-use development.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="58a96dd9-407f-4d20-86b4-94e4bfeef74b" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20podium.png?VersionId=LGlf08pdFGAZDzvx_CXC4XakHNZRuEE0" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/sjb-architects">SJB</a>, the tower has been conceived as a landmark transit-oriented development anchored to the Newcastle Interchange precinct. The proposal includes 245 build-to-sell apartments across a mix of one, two, and three-bedroom residences, as well as two penthouses. Fifteen apartments and one operational unit are earmarked for NDIS housing. The co-living component would add a further 99 units, while the podium would accommodate retail uses and hotel facilities.

SJB said the site presents “a valuable opportunity to anchor the precinct by setting the standard for design, active ground planes and character at the key southern gateway.”

The architecture responds directly to the site’s position beside major transport infrastructure and within one of Newcastle’s fastest-evolving urban renewal precincts. The tower form sits above a sculpted podium designed to frame new public spaces, including a through-site pedestrian link connecting Station Street to Hannell Street, landscaped plazas, and activated retail edges.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a7bd6ff0-f7db-4ce8-a6dc-ea56e72c6149" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20lanne.png?VersionId=xzf39VADyhj7zBQY2I9fx9vI62u2tuSb" />

The design report describes the project as part of the broader transition of Wickham into “a vibrant, high-quality mixed-use urban precinct” that leverages proximity to the station, open space, and regional connectivity.

A detailed public art strategy has also been prepared for the development. The strategy positions the project as “a transit-oriented development of state significance at the gateway to Newcastle’s city centre” and outlines a series of integrated artworks responding to Newcastle’s industrial and transport heritage.

Creative Road’s curatorial framework for the project, titled Unveil, draws on “stratified surfaces, carved volumes, and light-filled apertures” while referencing Newcastle’s transformation from an industrial city into a contemporary education and technology hub.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="77a882bb-14b1-4d28-99ff-9438e39508c0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20site.png?VersionId=cevgo_vN0eKPK78P8YcEu3mKPLkpFqE7" />

The proposal is being advanced through the NSW Housing Delivery Authority pathway after being declared State Significant Development in June 2025. The accompanying scoping report states the development aims to “maximise the site’s proximity to the Newcastle Interchange by delivering transit-oriented development” while increasing housing supply and affordable housing provision within the Newcastle LGA.

Urban Property Group’s plans align with the long-term strategic vision established under the Wickham Master Plan, which identified the interchange precinct as suitable for substantial uplift in height and density. The current proposal would significantly intensify that vision, positioning the tower among the tallest developments proposed for Newcastle.

The site sits immediately north of the Newcastle Interchange, bounded by Dangar Street, Hannell Street, and Charles Street. It is surrounded by a rapidly growing cluster of residential towers and mixed-use projects that have emerged following the completion of the light rail and transport interchange.

First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s latest tower at Wickham interchange

Bottega House has completed settlement of a landmark riverfront site in Macquarie Street, St Lucia, representing its first major Brisbane development.&nbsp;

Positioned on the banks of the Brisbane River, the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">premium site at 180 Macquarie Street</a> features uninterrupted river frontage in one of Brisbane’s most tightly held residential precincts.&nbsp;

The proposed development, currently under assessment with Brisbane City Council, has been designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a> with interiors by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and will deliver a boutique collection of premium residences positioned specifically for owner occupiers and downsizers.&nbsp;

The residences are set to redefine luxury apartment living in the area, with a focus on architectural quality, refined finishes, landscape integration and elevated amenities including curated wellness facilities, resort-style pools and recreation spaces rarely seen in the local market.&nbsp;

Exclusive sales for the project will be led by Keenan &amp; Byrne, ahead of an anticipated launch later this year.&nbsp;

Bottega House Managing Director Nick Malloch said the project reflects the group’s ambition to deliver a highly curated residential offering within one of Brisbane’s most tightly held precincts.&nbsp;

“This is an incredibly rare riverfront opportunity and one we have approached with a long-term perspective,” Malloch said.&nbsp;

“Our vision from the outset was to create a boutique collection of residences that feel more like private homes than traditional apartments, with generous proportions, refined finishes and exceptional amenity throughout."

Malloch says there is a&nbsp;lack of premium owner-occupier stock of this quality in the market, particularly for downsizers wanting space, privacy and a true lifestyle offering without compromise.&nbsp;

"Demand is expected to be strong given the scarcity of premium riverfront opportunities of this nature within Brisbane’s inner-west."&nbsp;

Bottega House secures landmark riverfront site in St Lucia 

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The arrival of the first piling rig officially marks the commencement of construction at SIERA’s new beachside apartment development, Exhale, in Northcliffe.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/exhale-surfers-paradise-8-enderley-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Exhale</a>, a glass-encased tower featuring 54 large-scale apartments at 8 Enderley Avenue, is SIERA’s third Gold Coast development. It follows the recently completed PIPIS Bilinga beachfront project, which achieved suburb-record prices, and the soon-to-be-completed Chevron Island development, Tapestry.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359603]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/siera">SIERA</a> Founder and Managing Director Brent Thompson said the arrival of the piling rig represented a significant milestone for the development, which is scheduled for completion in late 2028.

Over the next month, around 260 piles are expected to be installed as work progresses on the basement structure. The building is anticipated to rise above ground level early next year, before unveiling its sculptural glass curtain wall, developed in collaboration with specialist façade engineers.

“The façade was designed to maximise panoramic coastal views while creating a distinctive architectural identity,” Thompson said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=355935]

Designed by BDA Architecture, Exhale will comprise just 54 two- and three-bedroom residences across 26 levels, a level of low-density living rarely delivered in this beachside pocket between Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach.

The project has been conceived as a resident-only building, with no short-stay accommodation permitted. SIERA says the model is intended to appeal to long-term owner-occupiers rather than transient holiday demand.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=361052]

Residences have been designed with large-format layouts and expansive glazing, with most apartments featuring more than 30 metres of glass frontage to maximise natural light and ocean views.

The amenity offering spans two levels and centres on wellness and lifestyle, including a heated magnesium pool, sauna, yoga and Pilates studio, gymnasium, private dining facilities, cinema lounge, and dedicated surfcraft storage.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359607]

More than half of the apartments have already sold. SIERA has also opened a sales gallery for Exhale at its Chevron Island commercial premises, near its Tapestry tower and the site of its second Chevron Island apartment development, which is slated to launch in early 2027.
</section>
</section>

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112661]

SIERA kicks off construction at Northcliffe tower Exhale

Sydney’s property market is known for high prices, competitive bidding, and mounting pressure on first home buyers. But change is on the horizon.

From late 2025, eligible first home buyers in New South Wales will have access to a new federal government initiative aimed at addressing affordability: the Help to Buy Scheme.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

The program introduces a shared equity model intended to reduce the upfront cost of entering the property market, particularly in high-demand urban areas such as Sydney.

The scheme operates under a shared ownership structure in which the federal government takes an equity stake of up to 40 per cent for new homes, or 30 per cent for existing dwellings. This arrangement allows eligible buyers to significantly reduce their loan size and avoid the added cost of Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).

Under this model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required. The government’s contribution is not a loan but a co-ownership stake in the property. As such, there is no interest or rent charged on its portion.

Because the government’s equity combined with the buyer’s deposit typically meets or exceeds the 20 per cent threshold, LMI does not apply. The remaining balance, generally between 60 and 70 per cent of the property’s value, is financed through a standard home loan with a participating lender.

The government's equity in the property remains in place until the buyer chooses to repay it voluntarily or until the property is sold. Buyers can buy back the government’s share over time, in increments of at least five per cent, depending on their financial situation.

There is no fixed repayment timeline, but the amount to be repaid will be based on the property's market value at the time of repayment, not the original purchase price.

<h2>How do you qualify for the&nbsp;Help to Buy Scheme?</h2>

To qualify for the Help to Buy Scheme, applicants must meet the following conditions:

<ul>
	<li>Be an Australian citizen at least 18 years of age.</li>
	<li>Be a first-home buyer who does not currently own property.</li>
	<li>Intend to live in the property as their primary residence.</li>
	<li>Earn less than $100,000 per year for individuals, or $160,000 for couples.</li>
	<li>Purchase a property within the regional price caps, currently $950,000 in Sydney, though this is expected to rise to approximately $1.3 million ahead of the program’s launch.</li>
</ul>

While the Help to Buy Scheme does not solve affordability challenges across the board, it does offer a more accessible pathway for a defined segment of the market, particularly younger buyers with moderate incomes who have been priced out of traditional lending routes.

The scheme is expected to commence in NSW in late 2025, as part of a national rollout.

Under the new model, purchasers can enter the property market with as little as a two per cent deposit, well below the traditional 10 to 20 per cent usually required

Help to Buy Scheme: What first home buyers in NSW need to know

The First Home Owners Grant (FHOG) is a government initiative designed to help eligible first-time home buyers by offering financial assistance towards the purchase or construction of a new home.

While the FHOG is a nationwide program, it is administered separately by each state and territory, meaning the eligibility criteria, grant amounts, and property requirements can vary depending on your location. This means that the amount available and the conditions attached to the grant will differ, so it is important to check the specific guidelines for your state or territory.

It’s important to note that the FHOG is just one of several incentives available to first home buyers. In most states and territories, the grant is not linked to stamp duty exemptions or concessions, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The FHOG is typically a one-off payment, reducing the overall cost of purchasing or building a new home before any stamp duty concessions are applied.

Below, we provide a breakdown of the First Home Owner Grants available across Australia, outlining the specific details for each state and territory.

<h2>New South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $600,000. For land purchases and owner-builders, the threshold extends to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Provides full stamp duty exemption for homes valued up to $800,000, with concessions available for properties up to $1 million.

<h2>Victoria South Wales First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides a $10,000 grant for first-home buyers purchasing or building new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Benefits: Offers full stamp duty exemption for properties up to $600,000, with concessions available up to $750,000.

<h2>Queensland First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers $30,000 for contracts signed between 20 November 2023 and 30 June 2025. The FHOG applies to new homes valued up to $750,000.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Provides additional concessions for properties valued up to $800,000.

<h2>Western Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

&nbsp;

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes valued up to $750,000 in the southern regions and up to $1 million in the northern regions.

Stamp Duty Concessions: Available for homes valued up to $600,000 for transactions entered into on or after 9 May 2024.

<h2>Australian Capital Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Replaced by the Home Buyer Concession Scheme, offering full stamp duty concessions for eligible buyers.

<h2>South Australia First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Provides up to $15,000 for new homes, including houses, apartments, and townhouses. As of 6 June 2024, there is no property value cap for eligibility.

Stamp Duty Relief: Available for new homes and vacant land purchases.

<h2>Tasmania First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: Offers a $10,000 grant for new homes and off the plan purchases.

Stamp Duty Exemption: Between 18 February 2024 and 30 June 2026, first home buyers of established homes valued up to $750,000 receive a full exemption on property transfer duty.

<h2>Northern Territory First Home Owner Grant</h2>

First Home Owner Grant: The Northern Territory provides a $10,000 grant for new homes only. Additional government grants and concessions are available for first home buyers.

Stamp Duty Exemption: The only stamp duty exemption available to property buyers is the House and Land Package Exemption (HLPE).

Eligibility criteria and application processes differ across states. Prospective buyers should refer to their respective state revenue offices for full details on grant availability, conditions, and additional concessions.

Every First Home Owner Grant for new property by state

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable architecture and environmentally conscious design, systems and ratings in place can help determine the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Australia.

Australia has multiple building rating systems that evaluate energy efficiency and sustainability in existing and new building designs.

Some systems assess individual building components, while others provide an overall rating for the entire structure.

A rating system ensures that homes are comfortable and energy-efficient, whether you are buying, renovating, or building.

NatHERS (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme) is a common way for new homes to meet energy efficiency requirements.

As new developments continue to shape the urban environment, understanding NatHERS ratings becomes essential for developers and homeowners. This article delves into the concept of NatHERS ratings, their significance, and how they contribute to creating energy-efficient homes.

<h2>What is NatHERS?</h2>

NatHERS is a national initiative implemented by the Australian government to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings. The scheme aims to provide a standardised method for assessing the thermal performance of homes, considering factors such as insulation, orientation, ventilation, and building materials.&nbsp;

NatHERS ratings are the most common way new homes meet the National Construction Code's (NCC's) minimum energy efficiency requirements.&nbsp;

NatHERS assessments provide thermal and whole-home ratings for new homes, townhouses, and apartments.

The rating helps evaluate the energy performance of buildings, guides homeowners and developers to make informed decisions about the energy efficiency of their properties, and encourages the construction of more sustainable, comfortable, and cost-effective homes.

<h2>How NatHERS Ratings Work</h2>

NatHERS ratings are determined through four accredited software tools (AccuRate, BERS Pro, FirstRate5, HERO) using a calculation engine CSIRO developed to predict building temperature based on various factors.

The tools can model complex effects of building mass, insulation, window size, and other elements.

The outcome is a star rating that reflects the building's overall thermal efficiency, indicating how well it can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature without excessive reliance on heating or cooling systems.

The star rating scale ranges from 0 to 10, with a 6-star rating being the minimum requirement for compliance with the National Construction Code (NCC).&nbsp;

Achieving a higher star rating demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability, as the building is better equipped to minimise its environmental impact and reduce long-term energy costs.

Anyone can use NatHERS tools, but accredited assessors can provide certified ratings and professional advice.

<h2>Benefits of Higher NatHERS Ratings</h2>

Energy Efficiency: Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings are more energy-efficient, requiring less heating and cooling energy. This reduces the structure's carbon footprint and lowers occupants' energy bills.

Cost Savings: Homes with higher NatHERS ratings are generally more energy-efficient, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. This translates to lower energy bills for homeowners, making sustainable living environmentally friendly and economically viable in the long run.

Environmental Impact: Lower energy consumption directly translates to a reduced environmental impact. Buildings with higher NatHERS ratings contribute to the overall goal of mitigating climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating and cooling systems.

Improved Comfort: Buildings with high NatHERS ratings offer better thermal comfort to occupants. Proper insulation, well-designed ventilation, and optimal orientation maintain a consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, providing occupants with a more enjoyable and healthier space.

Market Value and Desirability: Higher NatHERS ratings can enhance the market value of a property. As energy efficiency becomes a more significant consideration for homebuyers, a well-rated building may attract a premium price and stand out in the real estate market.

Compliance with Building Codes: NatHERS ratings are a vital component of the National Construction Code (NCC), and compliance with these ratings is often a mandatory requirement for new developments. Local councils and planning authorities may set minimum energy efficiency standards that must be met to obtain development approval.

The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is a crucial initiative shaping the future of energy-efficient, resilient, and cost-effective homes. With its recent upgrades, NatHERS has evolved into a world-leading tool for the building sector, supporting the global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Staff Writer

What is a NatHERS rating in new off the plan apartment developments?

Mixed-use developments have gained significant popularity across Australia in recent years due to their unique blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.

Unlike traditional single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects offer a harmonious integration of various functions within a single locale.

Residential units seamlessly coexist with commercial establishments, retail outlets, dining venues, entertainment hubs, and recreational facilities, with the combination not only enhances convenience but also fosters a vibrant lifestyle and a sense of community.

<h3>Convenience and accessibility</h3>

Mixed-use developments are designed with convenience in mind. They often integrate residential units with commercial spaces, retail outlets, restaurants, and recreational facilities, creating a self-contained community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=114215 project_image_fid=204874]

The proximity allows residents to enjoy the convenience of having essential amenities and services within walking distance. Whether it's grabbing a cup of coffee, going grocery shopping, or accessing healthcare services, everything is conveniently located, saving residents time and effort.

<h3>Vibrant lifestyle and community</h3>

One of the major advantages of mixed-use developments is the vibrant lifestyle they offer. With a diverse range of amenities and communal spaces, residents have ample opportunities to interact, socialise, and build a sense of community.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=107714 project_image_fid=214122]

The presence of parks, community centres, and shared spaces fosters a lively atmosphere, encouraging residents to engage in various activities and events. The vibrant lifestyle within these developments creates a unique sense of belonging and camaraderie among the residents.

<h3>Potential for higher rental yields and property value appreciation</h3>

Mixed-use developments tend to attract a broad range of tenants and buyers due to their versatile nature. This high demand can result in higher rental yields for investors and potentially lead to property value appreciation over time.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=139989 project_image_fid=212887]

The integration of commercial and retail spaces attracts businesses, which can provide a stable rental income stream. Additionally, the popularity of mixed-use developments often drives up property values, making them a potentially lucrative investment in the long term.

<h3>Enhanced security and maintenance</h3>

Mixed-use developments typically have comprehensive security measures in place. With controlled access points, CCTV surveillance, and professional security staff, residents can enjoy enhanced safety and peace of mind.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108019 project_image_fid=212658]

Additionally, these developments often have dedicated maintenance teams responsible for the upkeep of common areas, landscaping, and infrastructure. This ensures that the overall appearance and functionality of the development are well-maintained, creating a pleasant living environment for residents.

<h3>Live-work-play balance</h3>

One of the key attractions of mixed-use developments is the ability to achieve a desirable live-work-play balance. The integration of residential and commercial spaces allows residents to live closer to their workplaces, reducing commuting time and improving work-life balance.

The proximity to various amenities and recreational facilities encourages an active and healthy lifestyle. Residents can easily access fitness centres, parks, restaurants, and entertainment options, all within the same development, leading to a more fulfilling and convenient way of life.

alisonwarters@gmail.com

The top five reasons to buy in a mixed-use development

When buying a property, everyone needs to be aware of the additional costs that come as part of the buying process.

Often the largest outlay, after the deposit which goes to the bank, is stamp duty.

<h2 style="line-height: 1.38;">What is Stamp Duty?</h2>

Stamp duty is an extra tax to pay the government when you buy land, a property, and other certain assets.

It happens when the legal ownership is transferred. It can also be known as property transfer duty or transfer duty.

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C32BWkB5--c" title="YouTube video player" width="660"></iframe>

<h2>Who pays Stamp Duty?</h2>

In some circumstances, you may get an exemption. For some states, you won’t have to pay for stamp duty if you are a first home buyer or a pensioner for houses under a particular price. There are also stamp duty concessions, where you may be entitled to a discount.

<h2>How much does Stamp Duty cost?</h2>

Each state has different rules which affect how much you need to pay. These rules can affect the rate you pay, and the timeframe you will need to pay in. Before you buy land or a property, make sure you check the up-to-date information for your state’s stamp duty.

You can use a free stamp duty calculator online to see approximately how much you’ll need to pay. Find out if you’re eligible for an exemption by enquiring on a project via Urban!

Overall, the stamp duty you need to pay will depend on:

<ul>
	<li aria-level="1">How much your land/property is worth</li>
	<li aria-level="1">Where your land/property is located</li>
	<li aria-level="1">What type of land/property it is</li>
</ul>

Want to find out more? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@UrbanAustralia?utm_source=YouTube&amp;utm_medium=Video&amp;utm_campaign=Subscribe&amp;utm_id=Subscribe">Subscribe to our YouTube channel</a> for more property videos.

Ellen Walker

Off-the-plan property explained: What is stamp duty?

National Australia Bank (NAB) has brought forward the timing of the first RBA cash rate cut by three months.

NAB is now expecting a cut in February, in line with ANZ and Westpac, having initially thought a cut wouldn't come until May.

Commonwealth Bank, the nation's largest lender, still thinks the first cut will come in December.

NAB changed its call following the August monthly inflation figures that were released at the end of September, showing it had dropped to 2.7 per cent.

"The risk has been skewed to a first cut earlier in 2025, and today’s change acknowledges the balance of risks has likely shifted sufficiently for the RBA to feel comfortable cutting a little sooner than we earlier expected," NAB noted in its latest update.

They added that the cadence of the cuts may be faster than its central profile.

"Domestic inflation pressures are cooling, but only gradually, and we continue to expect the conditions for a cut will not be in place this year.

NAB believes the easing cycle will end at 3.1 per cent by early 2026, which is five cuts from the current 4.35 per cent cash rate.&nbsp;

CBA also thinks 3.1 per cent will mark the end of the cutting cycle, while Westpac is forecasting 3.35 per cent, and ANZ is the most pessimistic at 3.6 per cent, which would be just three interest rate cuts.

<h2>What would a rate cut in February look like for borrowers?</h2>

According to&nbsp;<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn%3Du001.IVvjJ-2BPT0A8C3VxtqKc6e3bj5hBuw27WFEYqovsYs7kPsgFulYrdOzeP8gI7CybJOya3_RgrM7qq-2BfK-2FtAHeRBLv5Qrb-2Bii5fzjLeKcP4w-2FkNgJPXygpiRhVUan3WV3QEggcf617UC8Z60RjQJZAqx7PiO7FtVJQSn0D46Zc3iTVP0kAhTTzG51cPpa5hrqz1OkSA-2BiXAxUajQ686MTtiseWBIdMdknd83aB7cOVgXlVTeHCGf3-2BcMHwfvI8TYlkUovqEhn4dj0KXf2eJGpb9-2BBv20hPXdLlPP9yD7DvFFDBM5yrTqxvcCiMfAsW1onD-2FcriL628eYdhNQE7bwzYrxcOYnmaYfRhGl-2FEHQ6eK2uQcLxs6Cbu6Dx0bYvpi5A6enmxMWU5TkcRYrP6Z8GbXZYtc5qSoKu6eWFBQR9K7fsjXwHMmby3D3X6Yx-2BxcDcdRruTG&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1727774368149000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2vK2ujS77CHs9VRvSSXzLC" href="https://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=u001.IVvjJ-2BPT0A8C3VxtqKc6e3bj5hBuw27WFEYqovsYs7kPsgFulYrdOzeP8gI7CybJOya3_RgrM7qq-2BfK-2FtAHeRBLv5Qrb-2Bii5fzjLeKcP4w-2FkNgJPXygpiRhVUan3WV3QEggcf617UC8Z60RjQJZAqx7PiO7FtVJQSn0D46Zc3iTVP0kAhTTzG51cPpa5hrqz1OkSA-2BiXAxUajQ686MTtiseWBIdMdknd83aB7cOVgXlVTeHCGf3-2BcMHwfvI8TYlkUovqEhn4dj0KXf2eJGpb9-2BBv20hPXdLlPP9yD7DvFFDBM5yrTqxvcCiMfAsW1onD-2FcriL628eYdhNQE7bwzYrxcOYnmaYfRhGl-2FEHQ6eK2uQcLxs6Cbu6Dx0bYvpi5A6enmxMWU5TkcRYrP6Z8GbXZYtc5qSoKu6eWFBQR9K7fsjXwHMmby3D3X6Yx-2BxcDcdRruTG" target="_blank">Canstar</a>, if there is a cut in February, a borrower with a $600,000 loan today and 25 years remaining would see their monthly repayments drop by $92.&nbsp;

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="3">
			Impact of 0.25% pt cut in February 2025
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			Current loan size
			</td>
			<td>
			Drop in monthly repayment
			</td>
			<td>
			New monthly repayment
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			$600,000
			</td>
			<td>
			-$92
			</td>
			<td>
			$3,907
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			$750,000
			</td>
			<td>
			-$114
			</td>
			<td>
			$4,884
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			$1M
			</td>
			<td>
			-$153
			</td>
			<td>
			$6,512
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="3">
			Source:&nbsp;<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn%3Du001.xWMOP9hChsvn-2BC9O-2FebBihXIZ4cEzbiuENdxm-2Bx3-2FYEEgYMhZlKWNj5Zzy1YZ56RuASD_RgrM7qq-2BfK-2FtAHeRBLv5Qrb-2Bii5fzjLeKcP4w-2FkNgJPXygpiRhVUan3WV3QEggcf617UC8Z60RjQJZAqx7PiO7FtVJQSn0D46Zc3iTVP0kAhTTzG51cPpa5hrqz1OkSA-2BiXAxUajQ686MTtiseWBIdMdknd83aB7cOVgXlVTeHCGf3-2BcMHwfvI8TYlkUovqEhn4dj0KXf2eJGpb9-2BBv20v2akwr6-2BqLyRrlEgkJ4J-2BCCyY0x189xEHZA4Ylf8c7ChBqNIkhmftZzoFuZKFn43pw3oJVg2o1gumrpdA-2B7MB-2FBtmL2rFCI-2FXORATQHySCLVOMg7Vywv-2BqnnQUAtDz6XkvpwxdHFXh70VwKazzhJsICilEYOvP4ju0sIfi5g6TL&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1727774368149000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2qVnp6oqATgqDUi2Frm22q" href="https://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=u001.xWMOP9hChsvn-2BC9O-2FebBihXIZ4cEzbiuENdxm-2Bx3-2FYEEgYMhZlKWNj5Zzy1YZ56RuASD_RgrM7qq-2BfK-2FtAHeRBLv5Qrb-2Bii5fzjLeKcP4w-2FkNgJPXygpiRhVUan3WV3QEggcf617UC8Z60RjQJZAqx7PiO7FtVJQSn0D46Zc3iTVP0kAhTTzG51cPpa5hrqz1OkSA-2BiXAxUajQ686MTtiseWBIdMdknd83aB7cOVgXlVTeHCGf3-2BcMHwfvI8TYlkUovqEhn4dj0KXf2eJGpb9-2BBv20v2akwr6-2BqLyRrlEgkJ4J-2BCCyY0x189xEHZA4Ylf8c7ChBqNIkhmftZzoFuZKFn43pw3oJVg2o1gumrpdA-2B7MB-2FBtmL2rFCI-2FXORATQHySCLVOMg7Vywv-2BqnnQUAtDz6XkvpwxdHFXh70VwKazzhJsICilEYOvP4ju0sIfi5g6TL" target="_blank">www.canstar.com.au</a>. Starting rate is the RBA existing average owner-occupier variable rate of 6.36%. Assumes banks pass the cash rate cut on in full the month after the meeting.
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Canstar Data Insights Director, Sally Tindall, says if core inflation continues to track in the right direction, or unemployment starts to accelerate significantly, we could well see a cash rate cut as early as February of next year.

“All four big banks now believe the RBA will be ready to cut the cash rate in just over four months’ time, if not before, in the case of CBA.

“However, the outlook for both inflation and unemployment is still highly uncertain. A couple of wobbly sets of inflation data could see the RBA holding for longer, particularly if unemployment remains relatively steady."

&nbsp;

Commonwealth Bank, the nation's largest lender, still thinks the first cut will come in December.

NAB bring forward first RBA cut to February 2025

<html><body>
The Reserve Bank has kept the cash rate at a record low of 2.5% for another month. 
Today’s decision marks another month of historic lows for Australia’s interest rates, while many speculate that the Reserve Bank will move to increase rates by the end of the year as price growth stabilises and housing construction expands.
Reserve Bank governer <a href="/expert-insights/finance/strong-expansion-in-housing-construction-expected-rba-governor-glenn-stevens">Glenn Stevens said of today's decision</a>, "financial conditions overall remain very accommodative. Long-term interest rates and most risk spreads remain low. Equity and credit markets are well placed to provide adequate funding."
"In Australia, the economy grew at a below-trend pace in 2013. Recent information suggests moderate growth is occurring in consumer demand and foreshadows a strong expansion in housing construction. Some indicators of business conditions and confidence have improved from a year ago and exports are rising. But at the same time, resources sector investment spending is set to decline significantly and, at this stage, signs of improvement in investment intentions in other sectors are only tentative, as firms wait for more evidence of improved conditions before committing to expansion plans. Public spending is scheduled to be subdued," he said.
Australians can expect interest rate stability in the current inflationary climate.
"Looking ahead, continued accommodative monetary policy should provide support to demand, and help growth to strengthen over time. Inflation is expected to be consistent with the 2–3 per cent target over the next two years," said Stevens.
"In the Board's judgement, monetary policy is appropriately configured to foster sustainable growth in demand and inflation outcomes consistent with the target. On present indications, the most prudent course is likely to be a period of stability in interest rates." 
Michelle Hutchinson, money expert at comparison website finder.com.au, says that a drop in the cash rate is unlikely in the near future.
"While the <a href="https://finder.com.au">finder.com.au</a> Monthly Reserve Bank Survey found all 12 leading economists and money experts were correct with their prediction of no rate change today, most are expecting to see the cash rate rise by the end of the year or next year,” she said. According to Hutchinson, the current interest rate climate has seen some lenders fail to pass on rate cuts to borrowers.
"With no more rate drops on the cards, we found that lenders have kept on average 0.24 percentage points since rates began to fall in November 2011 by not always passing on the full cuts to their customers,” said Hutchinson.
LJ Hooker deputy chairman L Janusz Hooker predicts that a rate increase by the Reserve Bank could be as far away as December.
“There is still a chronic shortage of housing in areas such as Sydney and with this simple supply and demand imbalance continuing, it’s hard to see how the bottom can drop out of the market,” said Hooker.
Low interest rates have seen housing construction approvals pick up in many markets, while residential sales are strengthening in Hobart and even Adelaide, despite concerns about unemployment.
“Sensible buyers are factoring in future rate increases when doing their calculations but I also think there is an acceptance that the rate of growth the market has been enjoying will slow down,” he said.
According to RP Data national research director Tim Lawless, the latest housing market results showed that capital gains across the nation’s housing markets were slowing to more sustainable levels, which would have provided the RBA with some comfort.
“The April results showed a slowdown in dwelling value appreciation, up just 0.3% over the month, which is likely to be a welcome result after such previously strong conditions,” said Lawless.
“The ongoing low interest rate environment is likely to encourage higher levels of housing market activity which provides a fantastic multiplier for the Australian economy; however we anticipate that natural affordability barriers and low rental yields will continue to dampen the exuberance that has been very much evident in Sydney and Melbourne,” he said.
<img src="/images/2014/05/06/quotes-may-6-on.jpg" alt="">
 Source: Finder.com.au
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jrichardson-uRX5hFdKfN

RBA leaves interest rates on hold as housing price growth slows

<html><body>
RBA Governor Glenn Stevens' May statement:
At its meeting today, the <a href="/expert-insights/finance/rba-leaves-interest-rates-on-hold-as-housing-price-growth-slows">Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 2.5 per cent</a>. Growth in the global economy was a bit below trend in 2013, but there are reasonable prospects of a better outcome this year, helped by firmer conditions in the advanced countries. China's growth appears to have slowed a little in early 2014 but remains generally in line with policymakers' objectives. Commodity prices in historical terms remain high, though some of those important to Australia have softened further of late. Financial conditions overall remain very accommodative. Long-term interest rates and most risk spreads remain low. Equity and credit markets are well placed to provide adequate funding. In Australia, the economy grew at a below-trend pace in 2013. Recent information suggests moderate growth is occurring in consumer demand and foreshadows a strong expansion in housing construction. Some indicators of business conditions and confidence have improved from a year ago and exports are rising. But at the same time, resources sector investment spending is set to decline significantly and, at this stage, signs of improvement in investment intentions in other sectors are only tentative, as firms wait for more evidence of improved conditions before committing to expansion plans. Public spending is scheduled to be subdued. The demand for labour has been weak over the past year and, as a result, the rate of unemployment has risen somewhat. More recently, there has been some improvement in indicators for the labour market, but it will probably be some time yet before unemployment declines consistently. Growth in wages has declined noticeably and this has been reflected more clearly in the latest price data, which show a moderation in growth in prices for non-traded goods and services. As a result, inflation is consistent with the target. If domestic costs remain contained, that should continue to be the case over the next one to two years, even with lower levels of the exchange rate. Monetary policy remains accommodative. Interest rates are very low and savers continue to look for higher returns in response to low rates on safe instruments. Credit growth has picked up a little, while dwelling prices have increased significantly over the past year. The decline in the exchange rate from its highs a year ago will assist in achieving balanced growth in the economy, but less so than previously as a result of the rise over the past few months. The exchange rate remains high by historical standards. Looking ahead, continued accommodative monetary policy should provide support to demand, and help growth to strengthen over time. Inflation is expected to be consistent with the 2–3 per cent target over the next two years. In the Board's judgement, monetary policy is appropriately configured to foster sustainable growth in demand and inflation outcomes consistent with the target. On present indications, the most prudent course is likely to be a period of stability in interest rates.
</body></html>

po-LsXgBTHBmX

Strong expansion in housing construction expected: RBA Governor Glenn Stevens

<html><body>
Many economists are tipping the official cash interest rate will stay on hold for several months to come.
Financial market indicators also suggest there are strong expectations of interest rate stability, with a small chance of further cuts.
As late as Thursday 1 May, just days before the latest RBA cash rate announcement, the ASX 30 Day Interbank Cash Rate Futures May 2014 contract (which shows market expectations of an RBA interest rate change) was trading at 97.505. That indicates financial market participants thought there was a 98% chance that interest rates would be left on hold and a 2% chance of a cut to 2.25% at today’s RBA Board meeting.
For mortgage holders, low interest rates are providing opportunities to save considerable sums on their home loans.
Several lenders have cut mortgage rates since the start of this year, while the RBA has left the cash rate untouched at 2.5% since August 2013.
At least seven lenders have cut mortgage rates on their variable loans, according to Finder.com.au. The comparison website found Yellow Brick Road, ANZ, Bank of Queensland, Citibank, Homeloans, HSBC and Westpac had all cut their variable rates since January 1. At the end of April, <a href="https://loans.com.au/">Loans.com.au</a> was advertising an ongoing variable rate of just 4.49% on its Dream Home Loan, Finder.com.au reported.
However, <a href="https://finder.com.au/" target="_blank">Finder.com.au</a> money expert Michelle Hutchison says three-year fixed rates are still lower on average than variable rate home loans.
The RBA’s indicator rate for a three-year fixed rate mortgage dropped to 5.2% in March from 5.25% in February, the latest RBA statistics show. The average three-year rate available to consumers is a little lower, at 5.11%, according to Finder.com.au.
History shows lenders typically pre-empt movements in the official cash rate with their fixed rate home loans, so by the time the RBA starts lifting rates, the fixed mortgage rates available to borrowers have already reached their bottom and started to trend higher (See chart).
<img src="/images/2014/05/02/zoe-may-2-one.jpg" alt=""> 
Source: RBA
“If you're worried about interest rates rising in the next few years it might be time to consider locking in a fixed rate,” Hutchison says.
Property Observer asked Finder.com.au to crunch the numbers on the cost over the next four years of taking out a fixed rate home loan now, compared with taking out a variable rate loan.
"The average three-year fixed rate is 5.11% while the average variable rate is 5.39%,” Hutchison says. “If variable interest rates increased back to normal levels of around 7% in four years, borrowers could be better off fixing.”
For this example, we assumed that the average variable interest rate available to consumers of 5.39% would remain in place for 12 months. After that time frame, we assumed interest rates would rise by 0.25 basis points every six months for remaining three years.
We compared that variable rate loan to a mortgage with the average three-year fixed rate of 5.11%. At the end of the three years, we assumed the interest rate for the fixed rate mortgage would revert to the same variable rate as the variable loan in the example: so 6.64% after three years, and then lifting to 6.89% for the last six months of the four year period.
Both sets of figures were calculated based on a loan with an initial size of $300,000.
Results
According to Finder.com.au’s sums, the total cost over four years of the variable loan above was $93,246.
The total cost for the three-year fixed loan, reverting to the average variable loan rate at the end of the fixed period, was $88,732.
In this example, the three-year fixed rate loan would cost $4,514 less than the variable rate loan.
Of course, the results will vary if these assumptions on interest rate movements are off the mark.
Plus, there are other considerations when deciding between a fixed and variable rate mortgage, such as the flexibility to make additional repayments with the view of paying off the loan more quickly, which is usually only possible with a variable rate loan.
We’ve also excluded the affect of fees, and have ignored any other features that might be available with one loan but not the other.
In general, if it’s cost alone that you’re looking at, fixing the rate might still make sense. 
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zfielding-GvX3Uq9KTa

Analysis: Is it worth fixing your home loan?

<html><body>
GUEST OBSERVATION
Over 40% of mortgages in Australia are sold by mortgage brokers, not by their manufacturers - an issue that has the CEO of Australia’s fifth largest bank, Suncorp, <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/suncorp-chief-patrick-snowball-lashes-dominance-of-big-four-banks/story-e6frg8zx-1226881287464" target="_blank">arguing</a> the sector is skewed towards the big four banks.
There are two distinct components of the mortgage market: a retail market with a wide variety of sellers, and a wholesale market.
<img src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/46335/width668/jm9wyrsb-1397454304.jpg" alt="">
Value of housing loans advanced by lender. Australian Securitisation Forum
The four big manufacturers of mortgages in Australia are the big four banks. One of the key issues for the <a href="https://fsi.gov.au/" target="_blank">Murray inquiry</a> into the financial system will relate to competition, or the lack thereof, in the manufacturing of mortgages. Does it matter that some 90% of mortgages are manufactured by four producers?
There are a number of ways of answering this.
Oligopolies reign…
The first is that there are many industries in Australia with fewer than four major manufacturers of goods and services. Telephone services, domestic airlines, energy supplies, postal services, cars, steel etc. all come quickly to mind. In fact, most Australian industries are characterised by a small number of manufacturers. Any industry with economies of scale, like banking, seems likely to be relatively concentrated given the size of the local market.
The second is to ask whether the concentration is temporary or entrenched.
There were a lot more manufacturers of mortgages before the financial crisis. Most of them were funded not from deposits but by securitising their mortgages and obtaining funding from the wholesale markets. During the crisis this market contracted sharply, mainly because of problems in the US market for securitised product, which made the business model unviable. The government stepped in under Treasurer Swan and subsidised securitisation by the smaller banks during the crisis to enable them to stay in the business. This was a subsidy from taxpayers directed exclusively towards the smaller banks.
As the securitisation market returns, as it should because there were no problems with the market in Australia, then this will return to be a secure funding source for the smaller banks. The rebuilding of market sentiment will allow the smaller banks to re-enter the market as manufacturers of mortgages.
<img src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/46337/width668/qx6vgx59-1397454478.jpg" alt="">
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities by issuer type. Australian Securitisation Forum
Macquarie Bank too has shown a willingness to depart from the mortgage market when times are difficult but to re-enter aggressively as it has recently. Again this is another indicator that the market concentration is high but the market remains contestable.
Price competition
The third broad concern is whether there is price competition for mortgages at the wholesale level. At the broadest level the Reserve Bank has concluded:
"The available evidence suggests that the average spread to the policy rate on variable-rate mortgages in Australia is within the range of those in other advanced economies" - RBA submission to the Murray inquiry.
So the overall level of mortgage margins does not appear to be out of line with prices in other countries.
The remaining issue is whether there is price competition between the four manufacturers, and whether market share changes when price changes. The normal test used in industrial economics is to ask whether an incumbent would lose significant market share if it raised prices by 10% above the level of its competitors.
With mortgage rates currently around 6%, the question is whether a bank would lose significant market share if it offered a standard variable rate of 6.6%, while the other manufacturers had prices around 6%. There really seems little doubt that the high price would cost an incumbent significant market share, suggesting that no provider really has market power in mortgages. Just by cutting its mortgage list price by 0.10 to 0.15 of 1%, NAB increased its market share significantly during its break-up marketing campaign.
Since the financial crisis the big four banks have become the principal manufacturers of mortgages in Australia. They market some mortgages directly, some through second tier brands, and some through brokers. Their leading position in manufacturing since the crisis is mainly the result of the wind back of second tier banks which were funded through securitisation in the wholesale market, and partly because of the changed status of St George and Bankwest when they were taken over by majors.
Such a high level of concentration is not unusual for an Australian industry. Nor is it clear that prices are out of line. The situation is also likely to prove temporary as re-emergence of the securitisation market will enable alternative manufacturers to fund their lending, and new vigorous competitors like Macquarie have already re-entered the market.
Rodney Maddock is Vice Chancellor's fellow at Victoria University and adjunct professor of economics at Monash University.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/25587/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="line-height: 1.3em;">
Rodney consults to a range of financial sector institutions. Some of his current research on financial regulation is funded by the Centre for International Financial Regulation. 
This article was originally published on <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.
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rmaddock-AxiRakmDz9

Looking for a home loan? Choose from one of these four options…

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Dwelling price-to-income ratio charts in Australia and in certain other developed countries have shown a dramatic run-up which have benefited existing owners tremendously, particularly over the past couple of decades.
<div class="separator"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-scVICW5CkIU/U2CL5ASxdmI/AAAAAAAAM2o/HQWNaynN8jg/s1600/Dereg.jpg"><img src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-scVICW5CkIU/U2CL5ASxdmI/AAAAAAAAM2o/HQWNaynN8jg/s1600/Dereg.jpg" width="400" height="316"></a></div>
Most of the causes are obvious enough and have been well documented: there are now many more dual income households than there were previously, there has been and remains an ongoing colossal boom in Australia's population, there has been a structural shift to much lower inflation and interest rates, and so on.
Ultimately, though, all this new debt had to come from somewhere, so how on earth did that happen? The quick and dirty answer lies in the deregulation of the Aussie financial system which took place in the 1980s, a process often alluded to, but less often explained. A quick look at eight key points... 
Regulation
During the 1980s Australian banking went relatively quickly from being one of the most stringently controlled systems in the world to one of the least controlled, as part of a wider movement which was to some extent reflected in other countries.
Crucially, Australia had previously employed very strict controls on its bank borrowing and lending practices, with few available substitutes to the traditional banks.
Normally such sweeping  industry changes as occurred in that decade would be a pain-inducing and drawn-out exercise, but deregulation was especially swift and effective Down Under because it met with so little resistance from the banks themselves.
This was because the banks saw that although they may have previously benefited from the controls as they carved up housing market loans, they would now stand to benefit more from deregulation since it would allow them to compete more readily with the non-financial institutions.
With the rise of technology and electronic banking, the banks also knew that they had to become more flexible to compete with the non-banks.
The challenges with the pre-existing controls
One of the problems facing the banks was that with there being a ceiling imposed on interest rates they could lend at and on term deposits, in times of high inflation it was exceptionally difficult for them to tempt customers to deposit funds with them (and further, banks offered zero percent interest on current accounts, largely as part of an informal or unspoken cartel agreement between themselves).
With a below market ceiling on lending rates imposed upon the banks, there was in any case little willingness or indeed capability to offer more appealing interest rates on term deposits.
Meanwhile, non-bank financial intermediaries such as building societies began to offer more tempting and competitive deposit rates, which in turn facilitated the ability to lend more. With deregulation, there came too an increase in the velocity of the circulation of funds, which in turn led to an increased focus on the control of monetary aggregates by the central bank.
Government controls over housing finance changed
In the 1980s there was an imposed ceiling on lending rates for housing but this was changed in 1986. From April 1986, while a ceiling remained in place for pre-existing loans (the interest rate cap was set at 13.5% at that time, for the record), new loans written had no such ceiling. 
Since new loans were written at about the same level for some time thereafter, there was initially little effect, but eventually the removal of controls did have an impact.
The traditional distinction between savings banks and trading banks was removed in 1989 and prior to that, in the mid 1980s, 15 foreign banks were given licences to operate in the Australian market. The major change in market was that a number of building societies and credit unions converted to banks.
Becoming a bank allowed these institutions a much greater capacity to expand their capital base, and from the early 1990s forth, a number of factors contributed to the banking system shifting its focus from lending to business towards housing.
Summarily, a lot of bank loans to businesses became impaired during the 1990s recession, so lending for housing got the green light. With <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2010/sp-ag-300310" target="_blank">reduced assets ratios</a> also now required by the banks, it was time for the banks to get lending on homes...and how.
<div><img src="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2010/images/sp-ag-300310-graph1-small.gif" alt="Graph 1: AFI Housing Credit"></div>
Between 1991 and 1995 the share of banks' business loans fell from 63% to 48%, but the share of loans for housing soared from 30% to 46%. Lower inflation, falling interest rates and the strong performance of housing loans saw the percentage of housing loans roar up to nearly 60% by 2010.
Why bother control housing finance at all?
Why would a government even have tried to control housing finance rates in the first place? It's a very valid question!
There is no strong economic argument in favour of such a strategy, but the basic idea I suppose to was to incentivise folk to divert more of there resources towards housing than they may otherwise have been inclined to do.
Personally, I generally prefer free markets all things being equal, but I guess at least part of the underlying notion was that if people invested more heavily in housing, them in turn the housing stock would be of better quality. 
As someone born in a city with some of the worst housing developments imaginable, I can see there is some logic buried deep in there somewhere - slums and infested housing estates can create far deeper social problems than just unsightly dwellings, but what about...
Market distortions?
However, the flaws in the logic of the borrowing rate cap were equally apparent. The government was encouraging people to allocate increasingly disproportionate amounts of their resources towards housing, pushing up prices, squeezing out lower income earners, and so on.
A far better idea, one would have thought, would have been a form of subsidies for the construction of dwellings and for those who rented them - not only a clear benefit for those able to purchase dwellings through borrowing (even cash buyers were excluded from this benefit).
A ceiling or cap on housing finance interest rates generally benefits higher salary earners with clean credit histories and the ability to save deposits, with no such benefit to lower income earners who could only afford to rent. And let's face it, if a bank is forced to lend at a capped interest rate, it's going to do so preferentially to persons with a higher salary and a bigger deposit.
Combining a ceiling on housing loans with a ceiling on deposit rates (which themselves were effectively anyway capped by the below market rates accrued from housing loans) tends to hit up lower income earners with a double whammy: paying them crappy rates of interest on their savings (on average most lower income earners hold a higher percentage of their net worth in savings) and squeezing them out of the housing market.
This leads on to a whole other debate about the most appropriate form of housing subsidies for lower income groups...but that's one for another day.
Impacts of the 1986 deregulation
So in 1986 the control over interest rates was removed for new loans, but the cap remained in place for existing loans. The impact of this was a tad confusing!
Older borrowers now benefited from lower rates since they had arranged loans before 1986, although on average the older they were the lower the outstanding mortgage balance, so perhaps you could argue the outcomes of that came out in the wash a little.
And the deregulation also distorted the market in another way, making the labour market more immobile. There was very little incentive for existing owners to move to a location which might be more convenient for employment, since they would lose their entitlement to an interest rate cap upon inception of any new housing loan.
Other encouragement for housing finance
Therefore, as banks became able to offer more competitive rates on deposits, in turn this allowed them to increase their loan books.
It was expected that there would be another change from deregulation: stability. Why? Because before deregulation, when interest rates were rising banks became less competitive on deposit rates thus throttling their lending capability, yet when rates were falling exactly the opposite was true.
But what actually happened was that this great uncertainty for banks was removed by deregulation, giving them far greater control over their level of competitiveness on deposit rates in order to attract business, and thus this made them equivalently far readier to provide housing finance. 
Indeed, you could argue that it now became a race to allocate as much of the new lending as possible to the housing markets.
Product innovation
Another enduring impact of deregulation was that new products sprang up all over the shop such as variable repayment loans or so-called "low-start" mortgages. Banks became more inclined to focus on the ability of borrowers to repay monthly payments rather than capping loans at a low multiple.
There was  product innovation aplenty in the Aussie mortgage market as lenders sought to cater for a wider range of potential borrowers and found new ways to assess their borrowing capacity - an easing in lending standards played its part of course, increasing loan risk, but the over-arching effect was that households had wider access to credit.
With no ceiling on lending rates, banks were now able to charge higher spreads and require bigger deposits on riskier loans, so in due course became more inclined to take them on.
And then of course lenders introduced what the Americans called HELOCS - home-equity loans,as well as redraw facilities and reverse mortgages, all of which allowed households to borrow against the equity they had built up in their place of residence. Lenders also introduced interest-only loans and shared-equity loans which made it easier for households, particularly first home buyers to purchase their home. When interest rates fell, the net result was a borrowing bonanza, and not only in Australia.
<div class="separator"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KdhavBa_ogA/U2DO6dvxmkI/AAAAAAAAM28/qgM4akIxrpw/s1600/OCR.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KdhavBa_ogA/U2DO6dvxmkI/AAAAAAAAM28/qgM4akIxrpw/s1600/OCR.jpg"></a></div>
Interest rates are now more important
Pundits like to argue that in theory interest rates have little impact on housing markets, but due to the deregulation of the Aussie financial system and higher household debt today, this is incorrect, as partly evidenced by the impact of rate cuts since 2010.
What is explained above should clarify why shifts in interest rates were formerly somewhat limited in their ability to impact housing markets - since both lending and deposit rates were strictly controlled - yet today the availability and expectations around the cost of capital can be a key driver of market sentiment.
Moreover, since household debt levels are so much more elevated today than they were in the 1970s, the scope for monetary policy and adjustments in interest rates to stimulate or clobber housing markets - and indeed other parts of the Aussie economy - is greater than it was before.
Conclusion
This is all worth remembering when the next round of chart packs rolls around dating back to the mid-1800s which apparently prove that dwelling price multiples will inevitably revert to a long-term median.
They prove nothing of the sort, since credit markets have evolved beyond all recognition in the last 30 years. Unless, that is, you are expecting banks willingly to slice their percentage of lending for housing in half back to less than a third their loan books.
It strikes me that if you want to see house prices back at the oft-quoted "three times incomes", you'd need some kind of trigger. One such trigger could be a severe recession with very high unemployment.
It's simply way too easy for employed, dual-income couples in the current environment to service mortgage repayments with rock bottom borrowing rates. If you really want to see a downward reversion in dwelling prices, then we need to see higher interest rates which would quickly remove the speculative heat from the market.
<div class="separator"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KdhavBa_ogA/U2DO6dvxmkI/AAAAAAAAM28/qgM4akIxrpw/s1600/OCR.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KdhavBa_ogA/U2DO6dvxmkI/AAAAAAAAM28/qgM4akIxrpw/s1600/OCR.jpg"></a></div>
You can visit <a href="https://allenwargent.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">AllenWargent</a> property buyers (London, Sydney) or Pete's <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">blog</a>.
His new book '<a href="https://www.bigskypublishing.com.au/Books/General-Interest/Four-Green-Houses--and-a-Red-Hotel/1015/productview.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Four Green Houses and a Red Hotel</a>' is out now.
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Interest rates are more important than they have ever been

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A deposit, regardless of the value of the property, can be a hefty sum that you might not have on you straight away. For those dipping their toes into particularly competitive markets, when the cash isn't readily available, a deposit guarantee might suit you.
However, it's easier to describe a deposit guarantee as what it is not, rather than what it is. It's not a replacement for your actual deposit, and it's also not attainable if you can't afford the deposit in the first place.
Instead, it's an option for those who are perhaps asset rich but cash poor, or whose cash is being used elsewhere.
For instance, you're still waiting for the settlement on a property that is being sold, or you have a fixed term deposit account that you'd rather hold onto while you wait until settlement. Instead of using a cash deposit, you can use a deposit guarantee as an alternative.
Another benefit is for first home buyers who may not be able to afford the deposit without an applicable government grant, that cannot be accessed until settlement. While proof of eligibility for the grant will need to be provided, this is certainly a highly advertised way of accessing these funds early.
You may have seen a deposit guarantee referred to as a 'Deposit Protect Bond' (St George Bank and Westpac) or even a Deposit Bond (ANZ).
The market for deposit guarantees was established in 1989 by Deposit Power, of CBL Insurance Ltd, a company that operates today. Deposit guarantees are legal in every state and territory, and Deposit Power notes that they have assisted in over 750,000 transactions. They refer to the product as a Deposit Power Guarantee.
What are the limits?
The Commonwealth Bank notes that they are usually available, in short term form, for up to six months - and they note they're particularly useful as deposits for properties you win at auction.
There are also long term versions available from six to 48 months, that they note suit better for those purchasing off the plan - so that capital will not be caught up in the meantime. This means you don't have your cash held up, unable to be used by yourself for other short-term investments, while the property is built.
Unconditional loan approval is usually required to get a deposit guarantee, and you will usually only be allowed up to 10% of the purchase price, often to a total property value limit determined by the individual provider, such as $750,000 (Commonwealth Bank).
Applications tend to be fairly quick - provided the right paperwork, there can often be as short as a one working day turnaround.
Can everyone use them?
Not everyone can have access to a deposit guarantee. You still need to pay the full purchase price at settlement, so you must be able to afford it. A deposit guarantee is not a substitute for having enough funds to purchase, and you will need to prove that you can afford it.
You will be required to bring along a copy of the Contract of Sale for the property you are interested in, a copy of a loan approval, evidence of the funds that will be used (such as, a copy of the contract of sale from another property) and a copy of any grant letters.
Some deposit guarantee offerings exclude different types of property, usually rent to buy and private finance, however some allow and some disallow properties such as commercial and vacant land to be granted a deposit guarantee. It's worth shopping around to check eligibility before determining on a provider. ANZ, for instance, requires the property to be zoned residential.
Similarly, different asset tests are undertaken. For instance, Long Term Guarantees from Commonwealth Bank require substantial equity in a current property or property portfolio. Short term guarantees require evidence of funds to complete the purchase and, usually, an unconditional loan approval.
They can usually be obtained in trusts, individual names or as a corporate entity, including first home buyers and retirees. However, non-Australian citizens cannot apply.
Other worthwhile considerations
While deposit guarantees have become increasingly mainstream, they're still not completely well known. It is at the discretion of the vendor as to whether they accept a deposit guarantee. Adjustments may need to be added to the Contract of Sale, for instance Aussie Home Loans recommends a 'Suggested Special Condition' is inserted, amending the deposit provisions to allow a guarantee to be used.
It's also worth noting that providers usually receive a commission for providing you a deposit guarantee, and it's not free for you. There is usually a fee associated with being given access to this product (although if unused within a time period, refunds regularly apply), however it tends to be around a one off fee of a few hundred dollars for smaller deposits. Ask about the fees, and always consider the longer term impact in advance. Some banks ask for an initial fee, and then an ongoing fee that may be calculated similar to interest. This can vary dramatically from lender to lender.
Also ask about the provider of the deposit guarantee. For instance, ANZ uses QBE Insurance (Australia) Ltd.
It's also worth bearing in mind that if you pull out of settlement last minute, against the contract, you will still be required to pay the deposit back to the provider of the deposit guarantee. Treat the deposit guarantee as you would your own cash.
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What is a 'deposit guarantee'? Property investment terms explained

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Peter Brian Cockroft, 65, plead guilty to fraud in circumstances of aggravation after he mortgaged the home of his 92 year old father, who had been hospitalised with dementia.
The Courier Mail reports that Cockroft mortgaged his father’s home for $565,000 in December 2009. Cockcroft, who wrongly obtained his father’s signature, did not first gain approval from his father’s trustee before he mortgaged the house.
The former company director and financial worker used $540,000 of the money he obtained to invest in the now collapsed Capital Growth International Club.
According to The Courier Mail, Cockroft told authorities that the money was intended to pay for renovations to his father’s home. However the court heard that it was at the time “highly improbable” that the elderly Keith Cockroft would ever return home, given his condition. He passed away at the age of 94 in 2011.
Judge Brendan Butler QC stated that Peter Brian Cockroft “took advantage of an aged person lacking capacity to make his own financial decisions.”
This is not Cockroft’s first jail sentence. He was jailed for two months in 1997 after allegedly misappropriating $75,000.
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Brisbane man jailed for three years after mortgaging sick dad’s home

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Under the capital gains tax laws, taxpayers can be entitled to small business capital gains tax concessions which can, depending on the circumstances, either reduce or eliminate any capital gain made. <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/tax/34073-capital-gains-tax-get-your-house-in-order" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.3em;">The concessions</a> are very beneficial to small businesses, but are unfortunately complex (much more so than they should be).
One of the tests in the law that a taxpayer needs to meet is what is called the maximum net asset value test. This test is whether in the year in question, the concession can be claimed if the value of its net assets did not exceed $5 million. It sounds straightforward, but it isn’t. Under the test, the net value of CGT assets of entities “connected with” the taxpayer is required to be taken into account for purposes of maximum net asset value test. It is the meaning of “connected with” that recently brought a taxpayer undone before the Federal Court.
The taxpayer was a company that made a capital gain of just over $1 million in selling its 50% interest in a car wash business in the 2007-08 income year. It did not return the gain as assessable income but instead claimed that it was entitled to apply the CGT small business concessions. The company claimed that in calculating its taxable amount, it was entitled to rely on a statutory concession in the tax law on the basis that the value of its CGT assets did not exceed $5 million.
However, the Tax Commissioner issued an amended assessment to include the gain on the basis that the taxpayer failed the (then) $5 million MNAV test. At first instance, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal had to decide whether sole director and controller of the company (Mr Roberts), could exclude from the MNAV his interest in a Queensland property, which had been rented for much of the previous seven years, but which at the time of the sale of the carwash had been taken off the rental market and had intended to be once again used as his and his wife's holiday home.
Also at issue was whether the wife's CGT assets, including her interest in the Queensland property, were to be taken into account on the basis of her being either a connected entity and/or a "CGT small business affiliate" of the taxpayer company.
In its decision, the AAT dismissed the argument that the 50% interest of the husband in the Queensland property should be disregarded. However, it held that the wife's CGT assets, including her 50% interest in the holiday home, were not to be counted in applying the MNAV test because she was not connected with the taxpayer company as she did not own any shares in it. It then found that although she was a "CGT small business affiliate" of the controller of the taxpayer company (her husband) by virtue of being his wife, she was not a CGT small business affiliate of the taxpayer company as required by the relevant law in order for her CGT assets to be included. The Tax Commissioner appealed.
The Commissioner argued that in applying the relevant provision, the tribunal ought to have included, but did not include, the value of the assets of Mrs Roberts in the calculation of the value of the company’s assets before the sale of the car wash.
The Commissioner contended that the tribunal erroneously limited its enquiry into whether Mrs Roberts herself beneficially owned shares in the company that carried the right to control the exercise of at least 40% of the voting power, whereas the tribunal ought to have considered whether Mrs Roberts’ small business CGT affiliate (her husband) owned shares in the company that carried between them the right to control the exercise of at least 40% of the voting power.
The Federal Court said the covering words in the relevant provisions of the tax law contemplated three bases upon which to determine the relevant connection between the company and another entity (in this case the wife). The court said the tribunal concluded that the relevant provision did not apply because the wife was not connected with the company although her husband was.
The tribunal did not, however, consider (but should have) whether the wife was deemed to be connected with the company by the same law which required that her connection be determined also by reference to her small business CGT affiliate (in this case, her husband) or together with her small business CGT affiliate (in this case, together with her husband).
The case highlights the inherent complexities in what should really be a relatively straightforward tax concession.
The small business CGT concessions are valuable to any SME and can result in significant tax savings. However, any SME contemplating claiming the concessions would be very well advised to seek professional advice. This is one piece of tax law that is crying out for simplification.
Terry Hayes is the editor-in-chief of tax news reporting at <a href="https://www.thomsonreuters.com.au/" target="_blank">Thomson Reuters</a>, a leading Australian provider of tax, accounting and legal information solutions.
This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.smartcompany.com.au/" target="_blank">SmartCompany</a>.
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Beneficial but tricky capital gains tax concessions explained

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A council decision to introduce a new council rate category in Mackay, which would see rental property owners slugged an extra $200 a year, has been ruled against in the Supreme Court as an "improper" exercise of power.
North Queensland investors appealed the Mackay Regional Council decision, according to SBS, after extra levies for investors were also introduced in areas such as Rockhampton, Mount Isa, Brisbane and Logan.
According to The Morning Bulletin, the Council are looking to review the judgment, which may set precedence for these other areas. The difference in the rate systems, however, make this difficult to ascertain.
The <a href="/news/qld/mackay-investors-gear-up-for-council-rates-legal-challenge">class action law suit was launched last year after around 1,200 objections</a> to the new fee were delivered to council.
One such example of the letters being sent by investors is below.
<img src="/images/2014/05/02/sup-court-tear-out-may-2.jpg" alt="">
Those who have already paid the fee, however, might not see it returned.
The judge ruled that the issue is not whether the Council's assumptions are flawed but whether the statute permits the Council to categorise land for differential rating purposes by reference to the occupation of it by the owner.
"In my opinion it does not," the judge explained.
"To justify the categorisation the Council impermissibly took into account characteristics personal to the owners of the land and failed to restrict itself to characteristics of the subject land itself.
"It is simply a misuse of language to claim that the owner’s decision to reside on land, or not, is in some way a characteristic of the land."
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Mackay investors win as Supreme Court judge refuses extra council rates for rental owners

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With inflation below market expectations, HSBC Bank Australia expects the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) to leave the cash rate at 2.50% for this month.
This year’s Quarter One Consumer Price Index (CPI) figures showed inflation running at 0.55% quarter on quarter and at 2.65% year on year.
According to HSBC, the inflation results suggest that the RBA is likely to keep the cash rate on hold for this month. But the bank expects that the next change to the cash rate will be an increase, given that inflation is in the upper half of the RBA’s 2-3% target band.
The overnight cash rate is currently at 2.50%, a record low. According to HSBC economist Paul Bloxham, it is unlikely that the RBA will make any further cuts to the cash rate, with strong indicators of economic growth and “the housing market booming.”
HSBC’s Bloxham expects the RBA’s next rate hike as soon as Q4.  According to the bank, lifting momentum in the domestic economy is offsetting current declines in mining investment.
In its latest RBA Observer report, HSBC also states that despites media rhetoric, the bank does not expect the May federal budget to be as tight as some anticipate. The report cites a commitment by the government to increase spending with the paid parental leave scheme and to reduce taxation by abolishing the carbon and mining tax. 
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