National Australia Bank (NAB) will fund <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/palmera-residences-gold-coast-18-garfield-terrace-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Palmera</a>, a $1 billion, 52-level luxury residential tower being developed by Central Equity in one of the Gold Coast’s most tightly held coastal locations at Northcliffe.

The project, launched recently by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/central-equity">Central Equity</a>, one of Victoria’s largest private residential developers, comes at a time when construction funding for large residential developments has become increasingly competitive as lenders tighten exposure to the sector.

Multiplex has been appointed the builder, and construction is now underway.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365784]

Since its first project, Central Equity has delivered more than 85 residential developments with a combined end value exceeding $8 billion.

Palmera reflects Central Equity’s growing focus on the Gold Coast luxury apartment market and continues a relationship between Central Equity and NAB that dates back to the late 1980s, when the bank funded one of Melbourne’s earliest inner-city residential towers at a time when high-rise apartment living in the CBD was largely unproven.

“NAB’s funding of Central Equity’s $36 million CBD development in the late 1980’s to the financing of the billion-dollar tower today highlights the long-term relationship between the two organisations in delivering major residential projects” said Central Equity Founder and Chairman Eddie Kutner.

He said NAB’s early support was instrumental in helping establish the company’s development model.

“When we commenced our first residential tower in the late 1980s the concept of funding off-the-plan apartments was still largely untested in Australia,” Kutner said.

“NAB recognised the opportunity early and supported the project when others were uncertain. That relationship has now continued for more than 37 years across many developments.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365771]

Central Equity was established in 1987 when Melbourne’s CBD and Southbank precinct were still dominated by warehouses and commercial buildings. Fewer than 100 residents lived in Southbank at the time, and large-scale residential development in the inner city was not widely considered.

Recognising changing demographics and lifestyle preferences, the company began developing high-rise residential projects designed to bring permanent residents into the city centre.

Central Equity has provided accommodation for approximately 40,000 residents across Melbourne’s CBD and Southbank, while also incorporating supporting infrastructure including essential lifestyle facilities like retail spaces, childcare facilities and neighbourhood activity centres.

Central Equity has spent many years assembling the Palmera development site on the corner of Garfield Terrace and Frederick Street in Northcliffe, creating a supersite of around 3,300 sqm.

The developer said the Palmera apartment tower reflects its long-term view of the Gold Coast as a growing and increasingly diversified economy.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365768]

Supported by infrastructure including the light rail network, major road upgrades expanded education, hospital and medical facilities and continued expansion at the Gold Coast Airport with more internation and domestic flights.

Positioned in the tightly held Northcliffe precinct, the 52-level tower will deliver 347 apartments, targeting buyers seeking a high-end coastal lifestyle, from downsizers to interstate investors.

Designed by Marchese Partners with interiors by DBI, Palmera has been conceived as a next-generation residential offering, featuring a collection of oversized apartments, with premium three-bedroom residences offering sweeping northern views stretching from Surfers Paradise through to Burleigh Heads.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=108274]

Joel Robinson

NAB funds $1 billion Surfers Paradise apartment development, Palmera

Two years after completing one of the newest developments in North Sydney, developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aqualand-australia">Aqualand</a> is turning its attention to the rapidly evolving St Leonards apartment market.

The developer, which completed AURA by Aqualand on North Sydney's Walker Street, has lodged plans for a 5,918 sqm site at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/33-37-herbert-street-st-leonards-nsw-2065">33-37 Herbert Street, St Leonards,</a> seeking approval for a pair of residential towers rising above a shared podium opposite Royal North Shore Hospital.

The proposal forms part of the broader transformation underway across the St Leonards-Crows Nest precinct, where former industrial and commercial sites are increasingly being redeveloped into high-density mixed-use projects tied to major transport infrastructure.

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2cc428cf-fe70-4cac-9cd5-264ad53af62c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.56%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=otKSnHtbjAvAddOnovyXQMgcAwE6DMe1" />

According to the planning documents, the site sits “within the St Leonards–Crows Nest Strategic Centre, identified by the NSW Government as a key area for accommodating future jobs and housing across Sydney.”

The proposal has been designed by fjcstudio, formerly FJMT Studio, and is being progressed through the State Significant Development pathway due to its scale and affordable housing provision.

The scheme would comprise 413 apartments, including 46 affordable housing units, alongside retail and commercial uses fronting Herbert Street. The project would also include communal open space, landscaping, a swimming pool, gymnasium, children’s play areas and podium-level resident amenities.

Planning documents show the development would consist of a part-13, part-39 storey tower form positioned above a four-storey podium.

“The development comprises a unified podium that activates the street interface, and two setback towers to accommodate new housing supply while maintaining an appropriate human scale at ground level,” fjcstudio noted in its Design Report.

The northern and southern towers have been shaped to respond to the surrounding skyline while also limiting overshadowing impacts to nearby public open space, particularly Talus Reserve.

The design report said the differing tower heights were intended to “contribute to a varied skyline while responding to the surrounding built form context and solar access considerations.”

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="36da62dc-ff9e-41f2-a7e3-7be38373751c" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.45%E2%80%AFAM_0.png?VersionId=Mo6Rp2r.XRLTzIfg_PEEpw8NepDH8UBs" />

The site sits directly opposite Royal North Shore Hospital and within walking distance of both St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

While the site itself sits just outside the formal Crows Nest Transport Oriented Development boundary, the planning documents repeatedly reference its alignment with the broader TOD objectives reshaping the Lower North Shore.

“The site is located adjacent to St Leonards Station and in close proximity to Crows Nest Metro which is within the Crows Nest Transit Orientated Development Accelerated Precinct which has been identified by the NSW Government to support housing delivery,” the Design Verification Statement noted.

According to fjcstudio, the project has been designed to respond to the broader transition occurring across St Leonards, where increasing residential density is being concentrated around transport infrastructure and employment hubs.

“The broader precinct is undergoing significant change, with a mix of existing mid-rise buildings and newer high-density developments,” the report stated.

“Recent and approved projects indicate a consistent shift toward taller built form, typically organised as tower-and-podium typologies with more active ground levels.”

The proposal includes close to 6,000 sqm of retail and commercial space across the ground floor and podium levels, designed to create a more activated street edge along Herbert Street.

Aqualand’s plans would also introduce a landscaped podium shared between the two towers, with communal open space in the form of a podium rooftop designed to support resident interaction and improve urban greening outcomes. The scheme would also introduce pocket parks at the northern and southern ends of the site, including a landscaped area at the corner of Herbert and Ella streets designed to improve pedestrian amenity and soften the streetscape.

&nbsp;

The proposal is being progressed through the NSW Government’s Housing Delivery Authority pathway, which was introduced to accelerate housing supply across the state. The application was declared State Significant Development in April 2025 following an expression of interest process.

<img alt="Aqualand" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="faf6d97d-2671-454f-b85a-fe1c6a7be608" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.51.49%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=diVd28OBVr5.YV.7prrOz.uAanwwwm7a" />

St Leonards has been particularly active with new developments in recent weeks. Developer SP Setia’s <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-sp-setia-targets-st-leonards-skyline-with-40-storey-tod-tower">plans for a new 42-storey tower</a> recently went on exhibition through the same pathway, while <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">Stockland’s 52-storey tower proposal</a> was also recently unveiled.

Aside from the St Leonards project, which is expected to take around nine months to move through the approvals process ahead of a potential 2027 launch, Aqualand is also preparing to launch Boronia, a new apartment project in Roseville comprising around 111 apartments on Larkin Street.

The developer also has approvals in place for the next stage of the Barangaroo precinct, which will feature new residential, retail, hospitality and community uses, alongside a new metro entry across the five-hectare site.

More than 50 new retail destinations are planned for Central Barangaroo, alongside a 270-metre-long boulevard connecting Hickson Park to Nawi Cove. Together with Harbour Park, more than 50 per cent of the precinct will comprise public open space and parkland.

First look: Aqualand joins St Leonards apartment party

<section data-scroll-anchor="false" data-testid="conversation-turn-5" data-turn="user" data-turn-id="e65dbe94-e3b6-47f7-b62a-9cbb30c9bf79" data-turn-id-container="e65dbe94-e3b6-47f7-b62a-9cbb30c9bf79" dir="auto">Time &amp; Place’s plans to transform the former David Jones factory building in Surry Hills into a mixed-use residential precinct have gone on exhibition through the NSW Government’s In-fill Affordable Housing pathway.</section>

<section data-scroll-anchor="false" data-testid="conversation-turn-6" data-turn="assistant" data-turn-id="request-WEB:f4d533b7-64a5-413d-86fd-5c99649c2b73-2" data-turn-id-container="request-WEB:f4d533b7-64a5-413d-86fd-5c99649c2b73-2" dir="auto">
The Marlborough House proposal, lodged for the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/marlborough-house-47-97-marlborough-street-surry-hills-nsw-2010">47-97 Marlborough Street</a> site, would see the adaptive reuse of the heritage-listed warehouse building alongside the construction of new residential additions and a separate apartment building on the northern portion of the site.

The proposal seeks approval for 172 apartments across three buildings, including 15 per cent affordable housing managed by a community housing provider for at least 15 years from occupation.

<img alt="Marlborough" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5d1d3c2a-bf13-47d6-a335-7c01102cdee1" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.29.36%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=cjMYrbR.BLUlWH4dar0RVDDo0bG.u2YT" />

Interior view from the Northern Building Penthouse overlooking the park

&nbsp;

The redevelopment is planned for the prominent 3,413 sqm site bounded by Marlborough Street, Goodlet Street and Lansdowne Street, directly opposite Eddie Ward Park and around 200 metres from the Surry Hills light rail stop.

Time &amp; Place acquired the former David Jones building in 2024, marking the first time the property had changed hands in around 50 years.

Designed by Wardle, the proposal centres around the adaptive reuse of the former David Jones factory, originally constructed between 1913 and 1935 in the Inter-War Chicagoesque architectural style.

Wardle noted in its Architectural Design Report that the building “occupies a significant place in the industrial and cultural history of Surry Hills” and at its peak was “the largest department store manufacturing facility in Australia, employing over 800 people and fuelling the growth of Sydney’s fashion and retail industries.”

The practice said the project positions itself “not as an isolated intervention, but as a contributor to the civic, social, and architectural grain of the precinct.”

The proposal would deliver 75 apartments within the retained southern heritage building, 59 apartments within the central addition, and a further 38 apartments within the new northern building fronting Lansdowne Street.

Planning documents show the scheme would comprise a mix of heritage apartments, new-build apartments, townhouses and penthouses.

<img alt="Marlborough" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="57758518-40a3-4b83-958c-d06e96a2cffa" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.29.42%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=VerlX9ST5xgBi8.1_YRsqdWTJeT6ygjs" />Interior View of the Heritage Building Apartment

The development would also include a ground-floor retail tenancy on the corner of Marlborough and Lansdowne streets, rooftop communal open space, a landscaped pedestrian link along the western edge of the site, and basement parking accessed from Lansdowne Street via a car stacker system.

&nbsp;

The scheme emerged from a competitive design process run by Urbis, with Wardle ultimately selected as the winning architect ahead of FJC Studio, TZG, Architectus and Wilkinson Eyre.

The Design Integrity Panel later described several aspects of the Wardle scheme as fundamental to the project, including “the stepped character of the new addition to the north of the site”, the landscaped western pedestrian link, and the “garden arrival” experience separating the original Marlborough House from the heritage addition.

Wardle’s design heavily references the site’s industrial and heritage history, while also responding to the surrounding Surry Hills streetscape.

The Architectural Design Report describes Surry Hills as “a finely grained neighbourhood with beautiful and expressive brickworks throughout the suburb,” with the proposal introducing a material palette intended to sit comfortably alongside the existing warehouse fabric and neighbouring terraces.

The report also outlines the project’s relationship with Eddie Ward Park and the broader landscape context of the area.

“Marlborough House occupies a site of deep cultural memory and the neighbouring Eddie Ward Park is of local ecological significance, where natural systems, topography, and stories have long shaped human experience,” Wardle noted in the report.

The architects said the proposal sought to “rebind built form to Country” through landscape, materiality and the adaptive reuse of the heritage structure.

<img alt="Marlborough House" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9ae3f2f9-c85f-477a-a6f8-b43f6cb97c41" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202026-05-28%20at%209.29.53%E2%80%AFAM.png?VersionId=B.qUCLqRvJOR.n9CvYcTpaknIX9LuqKZ" />

The project is also being progressed under the NSW Government’s in-fill affordable housing provisions, allowing developments that include affordable housing to access additional height and floor space incentives.

Under the plans, 2,593 sqm of the project’s floor space would be dedicated to affordable housing, slightly exceeding the required 15 per cent threshold.

In its Design Excellence Strategy, Urbis said the project aimed to “sensitively adapt and enhance the heritage-listed building on site through alterations and additions that preserve its historical significance” while delivering “high-quality market and infill affordable housing development in Surry Hills.”

Time &amp; Place has been one of the most active developers nationally in the last 12 to 24 months. Late last year they completed&nbsp;The Queensbridge in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/southbank-vic-3006">Southbank</a>, a mixed-use tower with 353 apartments and a hotel. They are currently selling Park Modern, 246 apartments near the famous Botanic Gardens in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/south-melbourne-vic-3205">South Melbourne</a>, and have future projects, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-wilmot-173-burke-road-28-hope-street-glen-iris-vic-3146">The Wilmot</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/glen-iris-vic-3146">Glen Iris</a>, the redevelopment of the Northcote Plaza, and another tower in South Melbourne.

The developer broke into Sydney just a few years ago with Two Tides in Manly. They have another project nearby, which is at the ultra-luxury end of the market on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/buildings/shoreline-manly-beach-89-90-north-steyne-manly">North Steyne</a>, fronting the beach.

It is also continuing to work through the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-time-place-settles-on-design-for-the-chimes-potts-point-redevelopment">redevelopment of The Chimes building</a> on Macleay Street in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/potts-point-nsw-2011">Potts Point</a>, as well as a project on <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/time-place-to-take-on-mosman-apartment-market">Mosman's Redan Street</a>.
</section>

First look: Time & Place unveils Marlborough House redevelopment designs for former David Jones warehouse in Surry Hills

The residential transformation of St Kilda Road is set to continue into with more new apartment plans for the sought-after boulevard.

Wing Tai Asia has lodged plans for a major residential tower at 464-466 St Kilda Road, replacing the former VACC House with an 18-storey mixed-use development designed around a retained heritage podium and a sculpted contemporary tower.

The proposal, prepared under Victoria’s Significant Residential Development with Affordable Housing pathway, would deliver 325 apartments and ground-floor retail across the prominent 4,653 sqm boulevard site in Melbourne’s St Kilda Road North Precinct.

The project centres on the adaptive reuse of the site’s heritage-listed VACC Building, an eight-storey office designed by Bernard Evans that has occupied the address for decades. Planning documents state the development would involve “carefully dismantling and conserving off-site the original metal fabric of the podium visible from St Kilda Road,” before reinstating it as the defining frontage of the new scheme.

Above the restored podium, Wing Tai is proposing a curvilinear residential tower. The scheme includes 172 one-bedroom apartments, 63 two-bedroom apartments, 66 three-bedroom apartments, and 24 four-bedroom apartments, alongside two ground-floor food and beverage tenancies fronting St Kilda Road.

The tower has been designed with substantial articulation and variable setbacks to minimise perceived bulk and maintain view corridors along the boulevard. Urbis, which prepared the planning report, said the design “has been significantly articulated through a curvilinear design” with “an interplay with materials, façade expression and depth” to create visual separation and visual interest.

The proposal also includes 254 basement car spaces, landscaped pedestrian links connecting St Kilda Road and Queens Lane, and a biophilic landscape strategy featuring canopy trees, raised planters, cascading greenery and a glass oculus pool overlooking the eastern frontage.

Planning documents confirm the $270.1 million development will contribute 3 per cent of project costs to the Social Housing Growth Fund as part of the application process.

Wing Tai acquired the St Kilda Road property in 2018 alongside Abacus Property Group for $95.38 million, before later consolidating ownership of the site. The property previously served as the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce headquarters for around 60 years.

The transformation of the St Kilda Rd boulevard is already beginning to materialise, with a number of high-profile projects recently completed, launched, or approaching launch as developers continue to back the long-term appeal of the precinct.

Among the most notable recent completions is Louise by Samuel Property Group, just off the strip on Queens Lane, the same pocket Hirsch &amp; Faigen recently launched The Queensbury. Mirvac is too on the same street with The Albertine, which is approaching completion.

Dexus recently secured approval for its slice of St Kilda Road, while Gurner also has approved plans for the precinct.

Wing Tai unveils 325-apartment St Kilda Road tower on former VACC House site

Malaysian developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/s-p-setia">SP Setia</a> is the latest to jump into St Leonards booming Transport Oriented Development precinct.

The developer, which has previously delivered Sapphire by the Gardens apartment development in Melbourne, identified the Atchison Street site in 2023. It filed a Scoping Report around 12 months ago, and now has revealed the designs for the new&nbsp;40-storey mixed-use tower.

The State Significant Development Application covers <a href="https://next-portal.urban.com.au/projects/14650/summary">20-22 Atchison Street</a>, a 1,374 sqm site positioned between St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">COX Architecture</a>, the project would deliver 181 apartments, above a four-storey commercial podium, five basement levels, and new public domain works along Mitchell Street. The apartment mix comprises 35 one-bedroom apartments, 39 one-bedroom-plus-study apartments, 85 two-bedroom apartments, and 22 three-bedroom residences.

The proposal has been lodged as a shop-top housing development under the NSW Government’s TOD planning pathway, which allows increased density around key transport infrastructure. The site sits within the recently rezoned Crows Nest Accelerated TOD Precinct.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b799673d-48e2-46b0-801a-0e33a9330100" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20site.png?VersionId=dPh0UfwfaHpbFL1R7H1cbZNbIW0CHbCC" />

SP Setia acquired the Atchison Street site as part of its continued expansion into the Australian apartment market. In comments made to City &amp; Country (The Edge Malaysia) in 2023, SP Setia President and CEO Datuk Choong Kai Wai described the acquisition as “a strategic move” aligned with the group’s post-pandemic market recovery strategy.

“Our target for this exceptional development is local and overseas buyers, including first-home buyers, downsizers and investors,” Choong said.

The tower has been designed as a slender vertical form rising from a mixed-use podium, with COX Architecture positioning the development as a response to the evolving St Leonards and Crows Nest skyline.

“The purpose of the project is to facilitate the delivery of high-quality housing at a strategically located site and deliver a built tower outcome that is consistent with the desired future character of St Leonards and aligns with the TOD controls,” the design report stated.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b1a85eee-76f7-436c-a6da-73ba827b9b13" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20entry.png?VersionId=dA9jHGPMcm.dDbwk4QfxqWiY5bfh3UVt" />

The podium would incorporate retail uses fronting Atchison Street, commercial tenancies, landscaped communal areas, and pedestrian improvements along Mitchell Street. Vehicle access and loading would be consolidated via Atchison Lane.

Residents would have access to more than 665 sqm of communal indoor and outdoor spaces, while the development proposes 96 parking spaces across five basement levels.

The proposal also includes a commitment for 10 per cent of residential floor space to be allocated toward affordable housing through a monetary contribution.

COX said the tower form responds directly to the emerging high-density character of the precinct while seeking to maximise solar access, cross ventilation, and outlook from apartments.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2163f85c-f63b-4be3-aafa-f8763976cec5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Article%20Feature%20Image%20%28Grid%29_5.png?VersionId=WiAmtIKJ6.ZQ41EtYEQ1fol7AeorKBlL" />

“The building is orientated towards north,” the Apartment Design Guide compliance report noted, adding that the tower’s slim form was driven by the constrained inner-urban site dimensions.

The design also incorporates landscaped setbacks and communal open space at podium level, intended to soften the interface with surrounding streets and improve pedestrian amenity.

The project adds to a growing wave of redevelopment proposals reshaping St Leonards and Crows Nest following the opening of the Sydney Metro City line and the NSW Government’s push for higher-density housing around major transport nodes.

Last week Stockland filed plans just down the road. They want to build a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/601-pacific-highway-st-leonards-nsw-2065">52-storey tower on Pacific Highway</a>.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">First look: Stockland plans 52-storey, 538-apartment St Leonards tower&nbsp;</a>

First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower

Stamp Duty

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The WA State Government announced that they will be proceeding with stamp duty relief of up to $50,000 for off the plan apartment purchases.
The rebate is effective immediately and is applicable to all buyers purchasing off-the-plan apartments including first home buyers, seniors looking to right-size and foreign buyers.
Samantha Reece, Director of WAAA, stated that she had held discussions with both Minister for Transport, Planning and Lands, Rita Saffioti, and Minister for Housing, Veterans Issues, Youth and Asian Engagement, Peter Charles Tinley, in March this year after research results from 3312 apartment owners indicated that only 14% were prepared to purchase off the plan.
“With the future of MetroNet hanging on the balance of apartment pre-sales, this decision by the McGowan Government will ensure that people who have been dissuaded to buy an apartment will now have an added incentive,” Reece said.
“This stamp duty relief will undoubtedly stimulate the apartment market and that is very promising with the Government’s focus to achieve 47% infill targets.
"WAAA lends its full support to this decision and we thank the relevant Ministers for listening to the voting public of Perth."
ABS data indicates that WA only represents 4.7% of total apartments in the nation in comparison to NSW at 47.2%, Victoria 22.8% and QLD 17.4%.
</body></html>

j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

McGowan Government announces WA stamp duty relief for off the plan purchases

<html><body>
EXPERT OBSERVER
Most Australians could well assume that recent falls in housing values have translated into more affordable housing. Lower prices, after all, should equate to better affordability.
We recently released our <a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/news/perceptions-of-housing-affordability-2019" target="_blank">2019 Perception of Housing Affordability</a> report, and there was some good news on the affordability front with some 54% of Australians believing that housing affordability is the same or better than it was a year ago.
But despite that positive sentiment, there are several reasons why Australia is still facing a serious affordability crisis.
<ul>
<li>Affordability ratios remain elevated</li>
</ul>
Firstly, the dwelling value to household income ratio today is 6.5 times. So, the typical Australian household is spending, on average, 6.5 times their gross annual income to buy a median-priced dwelling of $524,000. Less than 20 years ago it was 4.5 times. And the privilege of that problem is another. It takes, on average, 8.7 years to save for a 20% deposit.
That’s a long time; an eighth to a tenth of a lifetime.
<ul>
<li>Housing costs are substantial</li>
</ul>
Australian households are spending 35% of their gross annual income to service their mortgage. That is a significant amount of disposable income they need consistently to be able to service their loan.
<ul>
<li>Wages growth is anaemic</li>
</ul>
But while house prices remain elevated, incomes have not been rising in lockstep to match. Wages edged only slightly higher than inflation over the year ending June, up by 2.3%.1
<ul>
<li>Prices are in the early stages of an upswing again</li>
</ul>
While affordability has improved with house price falls, these affordability gains may be unwound with prices now recently entering a new growth phase stimulated by the current lower interest rates and improved lending conditions. This recovery in housing values accelerated in August 2019 with national dwelling values increasing by 0.8% over the month.
<ul>
<li>Australians are struggling to secure a loan</li>
</ul>
Our report found that 45% of Australians say securing loan approval is a major obstacle coming in at second whereas in 2017 Australians viewed it as the 6th most important concern. The rise of this concern comes amid a significant tightening of credit following the implementation of prudential regulations and increased focus on borrower spending behaviour.
<ul>
<li>Low income householders struggle to save a deposit</li>
</ul>
And 31% of households with an income of less than $50,000 say they wouldn’t be able to raise more than a 5% deposit, and 41% wouldn’t be able to raise a deposit of more than 10%.
<ul>
<li>Our most vulnerable</li>
</ul>
The generation most affected by the affordability crisis are amongst our youngest: Millennials.
The fall in housing values hasn’t however dented their desire to own their own home. We found that 86% of Millennials rated home ownership as important. That makes them the most passionate of all generations. More broadly, 81% of all Australians believe it is still important to own a home.
While desire to enter the housing market burns brightly for many it will be delayed with the number of Australians who think they will be at least 30 before leaving home jumping from 20% in 2017 to 34%.
Solutions
We believe that we should be moving beyond short-term cosmetic levers such as stamp duty concessions and first home buyer grants.
We need to be deploying more foundational levers such as transport infrastructure to carry people from affordable regions to job hot spots. We also need to create more jobs in those affordable areas.
Perhaps the most significant shift required is the transitioning from a stamp duty-based property tax scheme, which is inefficient and unfair, to a broad-based land tax.
Australians across all demographics and geographies are united in calling for action on stamp duty. We found that 79% of respondents thought the best strategy to improve housing affordability was to remove stamp duty (up from 73% in 2017).
No time for complacency
We can’t rely on house price falls to improve what remains a critical issue.
Affordability hasn’t gone away. Indeed, some 83% of non-property owners are still concerned about being able to afford their first or next home (87% in 2017).
Policy makers need to acknowledge that and continue to explore structural, long-term solutions to the affordability challenge.
We need to be proactive as a nation to address this problem. Otherwise, we risk alienating the next generation of Australians who will be locked out of the great Australian dream.
LISA CLAES is the CEO of CoreLogic International.
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Why we still have a housing affordability crisis: CoreLogic's Lisa Claes

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First home buyers have saved more than a billion dollars in stamp duty courtesy of the 2017 Housing Affordability Strategy, according to the NSW state government. 
The report shows that more than 67,800 home buyers have now taken advantage of the opportunity to save (up to) $24,740 in stamp duty when purchasing their first home.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/9/13/ss1.png" alt="">
The scheme eliminates stamp duty for first home buyers purchasing a new or existing property valued up to $650,000 and provides stamp duty savings for purchases of homes valued between $650,000 and $800,000.
The First Home Owner Grant of up to $10,000 is also available for new housing constructions valued up to $600,000, or for land and a new construction you intend to build valued up to $750,000.
Premier Gladys Berejiklian said her government was delivering on its promise to make it easier for people to own a home.
 “I made it a priority to help first home buyers get the keys to their first home and today’s figures show we are doing just that," Berejiklian said.
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/9/13/ss2.png" alt="">
The share of first home buyers entering the NSW property market has increased from 17.3% in July 2017 to 27.5% in July of this year, according to ABS lending data.
Recent figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Lending to Households and Businesses report show lending to first home buyers had the biggest increase of all lending categories, with a 6% jump in July.
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NSW first home buyers save more than $1 billion in stamp duty, according to state government

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Another industry body has lent its voice to the growing calls for tax reform around stamp duty. 
HIA’s Stamp Duty Watch report is a regular review of policies and the latest developments in the states and territories around Australia.
Replacing stamp duty with a more predictable and equitable tax would provide state governments with a more reliable source of revenue, explained HIA Chief Economist, Tim Reardon.
“State governments have become increasingly dependent on stamp duty revenues,” said Reardon.
“Stamp duty is an unreliable source of revenue and the increased dependence makes states heavily susceptible to housing market downturns.
“In NSW the downturn in the property market is forecast to cost $10.6 billion in lost revenue over the forward estimates.
“In Victoria where the decline in house prices has been more modest, revenue from stamp duty has been revised down by $5.2 billion.”
The sharp drop in revenues highlights the vulnerability of state budgets, Reardon said.
“In 2018/19 stamp duty revenues made up over one-fifth of all taxation revenue raised in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania,” he said.
“Victoria has the highest dependency on stamp duty revenues closely followed by NSW.
“The ACT, which is seven years into an ambitious 20-year tax reform program to replace stamp duty, has the lowest dependence on stamp duty.
“It makes up only 13% of total taxation revenue.
“Alternative broad-based tax measures could deliver a more consistent and reliable revenue stream.”
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/7/4/nsw%20budget.jpg" target="_blank">Click here </a>to enlarge: 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/7/4/nsw%20budget.jpg" alt="">
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State budgets are vulnerable to reliance on stamp duty: HIA

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Victoria’s new stamp duty laws will create higher operating costs for unlisted property funds and is sending shockwaves through the property industry, an industry body has warned. 
The Property Funds Association (PFA), the peak industry body for the $125 billion Australian unlisted wholesale and retail property funds sector, said that changes to The State Taxation Acts Amendment Act 2019 received royal assent on 18 June 2019 and incorporated significant amendments to stamp duty.
“Victoria’s stamp duty changes have been introduced without consultation and will likely increase costs for unlisted property funds, which may then be passed on to unlisted property investors,” Paul Healy, CEO of Property Funds Association said. 
He said the new rules could impact any property transactions within a fund.
“There are particular concerns over how the new stamp duty rules will apply to property transactions, and how they will apply to fund performance fees, acquisition fees, and disposal fees,” Healy said. 
“PFA believes there needs to be more scope for exclusions or exemptions to ensure funds are able to carry out their business without being unreasonably taxed.” 
Most issues centre around changes to the ‘economic entitlement provisions’ under the Victorian Duties Act. Changes include removing the 50% threshold and moving most of the provisions from the ‘landholder duty’ regime into the ‘transfer duty’ regime. 
Prior to the new provisions taking effect, duty was only imposed under the economic entitlement provisions where the owner of the land was a private or wholesale unit trust, or a private company, and the economic interest acquired was 50% or more of the relevant economic entitlement (e.g. rent, profits, capital proceeds etc.).
PFA says removing this 50% threshold and removing the restrictions in the landholder regime means a much wider range of entities and activities will be caught in the stamp duty net. 
Victoria’s State Revenue Office has issued administrative guidance on these new provisions, but PFA says appropriate exclusions from these new provisions should be legislative, rather than administrative.
“This guidance has limited value to many unlisted property funds and does not provide adequate certainty for taxpayers as it does not have legislative force and only addresses ‘plain vanilla’ circumstances,” Healy concluded.
“In PFA’s view, further legislative amendments are warranted to provide clarification and certainty for taxpayers.”
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Victorian stamp duty changes have shocked unlisted property funds and investors: PFA

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The NSW Budget indicates that the softening housing market has wiped out $10.6 Billion in expected stamp duty since 2017 but the Budget has no stimulation for the housing market.
The NSW Budget is a well -rounded document that continues the government’s roll out of city shaping infrastructure with $93 Billion committed to key projects.
The positive commitment to infrastructure is offset by a loss of $10.6 Billion in expected stamp duty due to the soft housing market.
The major commitment to infrastructure should underpin the urban growth across the state with a major focus on public transport growth that should occur around rail stations and in city centres.
The housing development industry is getting mixed signals from government on where development should occur and this is eroding confidence within the industry. 
Confusion exists over the ‘missing middle’ code, the future of spot rezoning, affordable housing levies and the impact of lifting the cap on infrastructure levies. 
Resolution is needed on these areas so that the current slow-down can be reversed.”
While housing construction is down the budget papers do point out that this is partly off-set by the large infrastructure construction commitment and a swing by some developers towards commercial office projects. 
Unfortunately for the budget these projects do not contribute stamp duty to the Treasury.
The Budget Statement (P 2-4) states that apartment commencements fell 22 per cent within the final quarter of 2018 and then states ‘Expectations for ongoing strong population growth and a stabilisation in house prices from late 2019 should encourage the commencement of more projects. 
How conditions in the housing market evolve over the next 12 months will be important for dwelling investment and household consumption.’ 
The budget included a proposal to drive reform of Federal Financial Relations with a review from a NSW perspective.
On major rail infrastructure projects the Sydney Metro West will receive $6.4 Billion over 4 years to fast track construction.
 These large rail infrastructure projects in Minister Andrew Constance’s portfolio are important locations for Sydney’s growth.
Western Sydney is a big winner in the budget with Stuart Ayres portfolio receiving $561 million for 2019-20 towards the Parramatta Light Rail, $404 million to upgrade the Northern Road, $286 million for Westmead Hospital, $196 million for Nepean Hospital. $108 million for Campbelltown Hospital.
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The Minister for Planning and Public Spaces, Rob Stokes, had smaller financial commitments including $113 million to create connected communities and $162 million to upgrade government-owned land and buy new land for public parklands as well as for increasing tree canopy across Sydney.
The NSW Budget demonstrates that the state’s finances are in a strong position but the reduction in expected stamp duty is warning signal that the housing market has problems in years ahead. 
The Urban Taskforce believes that the NSW Government needs to have a plan to ensuring the softening housing market is managed back into a strong position that handles population growth and continues the large number of jobs the industry generates.
CHRIS JOHNSON is the Urban Taskforce CEO
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NSW Budget has little to help the housing sector: Chris Johnson

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The volatility of transfer duty revenue has proved a significant fiscal challenge for New South Wales. 
During the property market boom, transfer duty grew to be the State’s largest tax, representing 31 percent of tax revenue in 2016-17.
The decline in the property market over the past 18 months has seen forecast transfer duty fall to 21 per cent of tax revenue in 2019-20. 
Since the 2017-18 Budget, the four-year forecast for transfer duty has been reduced by $10.6 billion. 
Residential transfer duty is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 8.8 per cent over the four years to 2022-23. 
The NSW Treasury forecast is largely driven by the expected return to average transaction volumes. 
“As interest rate cuts and relaxed credit restrictions flow through into increased lending, residential transaction volumes are forecast to rebound strongly from the middle of 2019.
“Price growth, however, is expected to be restrained during the forecast period, largely keeping pace with inflation.”
New South Wales become more reliant on transfer duties in recent years, which rose from $3.8 billion in 2011-12 to $9.7 billion at its peak in 2016- 17. 
Since the 2017-18 Budget a softening of the housing market has resulted in a write down of more than $10 billion in forecast transfer duty. 
Land tax too has been revised down following a lower 2017-18 outcome than expected at Budget, along with lower than expected foreign investor land tax surcharge revenue. 
Non-residential construction activity is expected to partially offset falls in dwelling construction over the next two years. 
The public sector will be a major driver, assisted by the State’s record $93.0 billion capital spending program over the next four years. 
The large public infrastructure program, rising commercial building activity and a solid export sector are forecast to underpin the State’s resilience and are expected to partially offset the weakness in the household sector. 
The budget papers noted transfer duty makes up about 8.2 per cent of forecast 2019-20 general government sector revenue and a delay in the forecast residential property recovery, or a less robust return to growth, could detract from the State’s budget result. 
Transfer duty revenue is expected to be $7.4 billion in 2018-19, $173.0 million lower than forecast at the 2019 Pre-election Budget Update. 
From 1 July 2019 home buyers will benefit with the previously announced annual indexation of transfer duty thresholds to the Sydney Consumer Price Index. 
The measure is estimated to save homebuyers around $330 on an average-priced dwelling purchased by 2021-2. 
Transfer duty brackets had not changed since 1986. 
Budget surpluses are being maintained despite the State facing revenue pressures.
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NSW residential transaction volumes forecast to rebound strongly from the middle of 2019: NSW state budget

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Victoria's state budget, announced yesterday, has moved to increase taxes on foreign buyers and foreign ownership.
The stamp duty has risen in Victoria for a foreign investor from seven percent to eight percent, which puts it at the same rate as in New South Wales.
The budget also focused past the purchase and have changed rules regarding the absentee land tax, where foreign investors leave land purchases empty.
The tax has increased from 1.5 percent to two percent, also in line with the figures in New South Wales.
It is estimated about 3000 foreign property investors will be hit by a boost to the absentee owner surcharge.
Victoria Treasurer Tim Pallas said the tax increases, which have been said to have been enforced to discourage landbanking, were targeted at people who could bear a greater tax burden.
He said that over the past year Victoria has seen its biggest 12 month decline in property prices in the state's history.
The Property Council have described the increased stamp duty for foreign investors as an "own goal"
Carrie Law, the CEO of Juwai, a Chinese website for buyers of overseas property, said the decision to hike taxes for foreigners were "<a href="/news/chinese-website-reaction-to-victorian-state-budget-s-new-taxes-on-foreign-buyers">dispiriting but not too damaging.</a>"
"Will the higher taxes announced this week make a tremendous difference on the market? The answer is no," Law said.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Foreign property buyers and ownership hit in Victoria state budget

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The 2018-19 NSW State Government surplus is projected to be $846 million, which is $273 million lower than at half-yearly review.
The details were in the NSW Pre-election Budget Update which was issued in accordance with section 24 of the Parliamentary Budget Officer Act 2010.
The Secretary of the Treasury released the NSW Pre-election Budget Update on 5 March 2019 which provides updated information on the current and projected financial position of the New South Wales general government sector.
This is the first time New South Wales has released a <a href="https://www.treasury.nsw.gov.au/news/nsw-treasury-releases-updated-economic-and-fiscal-projections" target="_blank">Pre-election Budget Update</a>.
The revenue for 2018-19 is forecast to be $477 million lower than at half-yearly review, reflecting weaker taxation estimates, including transfer duty and payroll tax.
The review noted the ongoing deterioration of conditions in the housing market had been a key challenge for the local economy in recent months.
Turnover in the housing market has fallen away sharply, while the median Sydney house price has fallen another 11⁄2 per cent in the two months since November 2018.
The Sydney house price is now down more than 10 per cent from the peak in mid-2017.
"This is the largest fall since the 1980s, but represents only a partial unwinding of the sustained price gains experienced in recent years," it noted.
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Revenue for 2018-19 is projected to be $81.3 billion, which is a downward revision of $477.3 million since the Half-Yearly Review. 
This takes into account downward revisions to multiple state taxation lines, including transfer duties of $393 million.
Transfer duty has been revised down by $393 million in 2018-19 and by $747 million over the four years to 2021-22.
While dwelling price declines have been closely in line with the Half-Yearly Review forecast, residential transaction volumes in recent months have been weaker than expected.
Residential transaction volumes in 2018-19 are expected to be 19.5 per cent lower than in 2017-18.
Transaction volumes are forecast to return to trend levels by the middle of 2021.
Since the Half-Yearly Review in December 31, 2018, revenue has been revised up by $363 million over the four years to 2021-22.
This is mainly due to higher GST revenue of $1.2 billion (reflecting an improved relativity recommended by the Commonwealth Grants Commission and a lower expected GST pool), largely offset by downward revisions to state taxation – including transfer duties ($747.0 million) and payroll tax ($573.1 million).
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Expenditure for 2018-19 is also projected to be $204 million lower reflecting reprofiling of expenses to better align with project and service delivery schedules.
Over the four years to 2021-22, budget surpluses are expected to average $1.3 billion per year. 
The update also advises land tax revenue has been revised down by $21.8 million in 2018-19 and by $82.8 million over the four years to 2021-22.
Land tax is assessed based on landholdings at 31 December each year, with assessments typically issued in the first half of the following calendar year.
The forecast revenue for 2018-19 incorporates actual landholdings at the end of 2018, replacing the Half-Yearly Review forecast which was based on the previous year’slandholdings.
For subsequent years, the revenue forecast incorporates lower expectations for residential land value growth.
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$393 million lower stamp duty hits NSW State Government revenue

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To paraphrase former prime minister Paul Keating, walk into <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/plenty-of-bark-any-bite-20101028-175mv" target="_blank">any pet shop in the country</a> and you’ll find the resident galah saying we should swap stamp duty for a land value tax.
Just about every economic think tank in the land thinks it’s about the best value tax change there is, among them the <a href="https://theconversation.com/abolish-stamp-duty-the-act-shows-the-rest-of-us-how-to-tax-property-105378" target="_blank">Grattan Institute</a>, <a href="https://percapita.org.au/our_media/replacing-stamp-duty-with-broad-based-land-tax-could-increase-revenue-to-11-2-billion-by-2047-new-report-shows/" target="_blank">Per Capita</a>, the <a href="http://www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/P149_Tax%20the%20need%20for%20change.pdf" target="_blank">Australia Institute</a>, and the <a href="https://www.cis.org.au/commentary/articles/dominic-perrottets-reforms-are-welcome-but-the-government-must-break-its-addiction-to-this-bad-tax/" target="_blank">Centre for Independent Studies</a> as well as <a href="https://www.thepolicyspace.com.au/2015/25/58-five-ways-to-reform-state-taxes" target="_blank">a swag of academics</a>, the Treasury in its work on the <a href="http://bettertax.gov.au/files/2015/03/08_GST-and-State-Taxes.pdf" target="_blank">draft white paper for tax reform</a> and the <a href="http://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/FinalReport.aspx?doc=html/publications/Papers/Final_Report_Part_2/chapter_g2-2.htm" target="_blank">Henry Tax Review</a>.
Among the benefits of what I will call SD4LVT are said to be greater ease in upsizing and downsizing, a more mobile population (less reluctant to buy and sell houses) and a more reliable source of revenue for state governments.
One state, the Australian Capital Territory, has already begun a <a href="https://www.revenue.act.gov.au/tax-reform" target="_blank">20-year</a> phase out of stamp duty and a 20-year build up of land tax.
But beneath the near universal enthusiasm for SD4LVT are layers of bad economics.
It is extremely frustrating to me that the leading minds in Australian policy have put their heads together and decided that the best reform they can think of is to replace a good tax on property with another good one that would be even less popular.
The more thoughtful among them don’t even bother to claim that SD4LVT will make housing more affordable, yet still put it forward as the “holy grail” of tax reform.
It is bad economics because of four key points its proponents miss or overlook.
<h2>Price effects</h2>
Stamp duty comes out of what the buyer is prepared to pay. This means that if you remove it, all other things equal, prices will rise by exactly the amount of the duty removed.
If the average home price is A$500,000, and buyers pay a 5% stamp duty, taking the total to A$525,000, then when stamp duty is removed the price will immediately increase to $525,000 being what the buyer was prepared to pay.
If you replace the stamp duty revenue with revenue from land value taxes, the effects on price are less clear. The change could push them up (enriching sellers) or it could push them down.
Imagine an example economy with:
<ul>
<li>20 houses</li>
<li>Turnover of one house each year (a turnover rate of 5%)</li>
<li>An average home price of A$500,000</li>
<li>Total stamp duty revenue of A$25,000 per year</li>
</ul>
Replacing the A$25,000 stamp duty revenue with a land value tax requires taxing all 20 homes at A$1,250 per year each.
Whether the market price of homes rises or falls depends on whether buyers think the cost to them of A$1,250 per year is lower or higher than the A$25,000 upfront stamp duty they avoided. If they thought it was about the same, SD4LVT wouldn’t much affect prices.
But what if turnover was half that, say 2.5%, which in this example would be where one house was sold every two years? In that case, the total stamp duty to be replaced would be A$12,500, which would be only A$625 per house in land tax.
The new buyer could pay A$512,500 for the house plus A$625 per year in land tax and be equally as well off as paying A$500,000 for the house plus A$25,000 in stamp duty.
The net effect would be a 5% price increase from A$250,000 to A$262,500.
If that happened nationally it would mean a transfer of almost A$200 billion to existing owners.
Whether or not that did happen would depend on the turnover and buyer’s views about the future value of money. In short, the price effects of a SD4LVT are ambiguous.
<h2>Mobility</h2>
While it is said that stamp duties deter Australians from changing addresses and switching jobs, there is little evidence that they are not changing enough.
Most people who relocate for work <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2017/mar/pdf/bu-0317-3-housing-market-turnover.pdf" target="_blank">don’t buy and sell homes in order to do it</a>.
They rent first, becoming both a renter and a landlord for a while, perhaps selling their first home later, but not quickly.
When they do sell, often for a healthy profit, stamp duty ensures they pocket less than would have, grabbing back some of what might otherwise be an untaxed capital gain.
Lower housing turnover from stamp duties mainly falls on the nearly half of sales involving investors who buy speculatively to capitalise on short bursts of capital growth before selling, in the process fuelling the boom and bust price cycle.
To me, anything that slows down real estate turnover and captures capital gains seems like a good idea.
<h2>Revenue stability</h2>
It is claimed that stamp duty revenues are much more volatile than other taxes. During a boom, they climb more than proportionally to prices since they also depend on turnover. During a bust, they fall more quickly than prices.
If I was to think in the abstract about what sort of taxes are good for the economy, I would say it is those that are pro-cyclical, meaning they automatically increase takings during a boom, and wind them back during a bust.
On this measure, stamp duty is a good tax for stabilising the economy, something important given how much our economic cycles are tied to housing markets.
The land value tax that SD4LVT proponents would replace stamp duty with would make the tax system as a whole less stabilising.
<h2>Odd modelling</h2>
You might have seen a chart like the Treasury graph below, with stamp duties presented as having enormous flow-on economy-wide costs compared to other taxes. In this example, land tax which is presented as having an economic benefit.
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The problem with the graph is that modelling used to prepare it (computational general equilibrium modelling) can’t directly account for transaction taxes because it doesn’t model transactions.
Instead of using a better tool for the job, the modellers assume that stamp duties increase cost of housing to all buyers and renters. It’s this assumption that drives a conclusion they describe as merely “<a href="http://www.policypartners.com.au/assets/treasury---economic-incidence-of-taxes-(2015).pdf">illustrative</a>”.
<h2>To sum up</h2>
Stamp duties don’t push up the cost of housing. The claim that they impede household mobility is overblown. They do reduce asset churn, and as a result they help maintain price stability.
Their “revenue instability” is actually a huge positive for the economy as a whole. And the modelling that has underpinned the talk of high economy-wide costs is as good as made up.
Yet SD4LVT remains the apparent holy grail of Australian tax policy.
Our best policy wonks continue to push our politicians to use up the precious capital to swap one very good property tax for another, for no obvious economic gain.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/106841/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/cameron-murray-172480" target="_blank">Cameron Murray</a>, Lecturer in Economics, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-queensland-805" target="_blank">The University of Queensland</a>.
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/stamp-duty-fever-the-bad-economics-behind-swapping-stamp-duty-for-land-tax-106841" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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