Malaysian developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/s-p-setia">SP Setia</a> is the latest to jump into St Leonards booming Transport Oriented Development precinct.

The developer, which has previously delivered Sapphire by the Gardens apartment development in Melbourne, identified the Atchison Street site in 2023. It filed a Scoping Report around 12 months ago, and now has revealed the designs for the new&nbsp;40-storey mixed-use tower.

The State Significant Development Application covers <a href="https://next-portal.urban.com.au/projects/14650/summary">20-22 Atchison Street</a>, a 1,374 sqm site positioned between St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">COX Architecture</a>, the project would deliver 181 apartments, above a four-storey commercial podium, five basement levels, and new public domain works along Mitchell Street. The apartment mix comprises 35 one-bedroom apartments, 39 one-bedroom-plus-study apartments, 85 two-bedroom apartments, and 22 three-bedroom residences.

The proposal has been lodged as a shop-top housing development under the NSW Government’s TOD planning pathway, which allows increased density around key transport infrastructure. The site sits within the recently rezoned Crows Nest Accelerated TOD Precinct.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b799673d-48e2-46b0-801a-0e33a9330100" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20site.png?VersionId=dPh0UfwfaHpbFL1R7H1cbZNbIW0CHbCC" />

SP Setia acquired the Atchison Street site as part of its continued expansion into the Australian apartment market. In comments made to City &amp; Country (The Edge Malaysia) in 2023, SP Setia President and CEO Datuk Choong Kai Wai described the acquisition as “a strategic move” aligned with the group’s post-pandemic market recovery strategy.

“Our target for this exceptional development is local and overseas buyers, including first-home buyers, downsizers and investors,” Choong said.

The tower has been designed as a slender vertical form rising from a mixed-use podium, with COX Architecture positioning the development as a response to the evolving St Leonards and Crows Nest skyline.

“The purpose of the project is to facilitate the delivery of high-quality housing at a strategically located site and deliver a built tower outcome that is consistent with the desired future character of St Leonards and aligns with the TOD controls,” the design report stated.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b1a85eee-76f7-436c-a6da-73ba827b9b13" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20entry.png?VersionId=dA9jHGPMcm.dDbwk4QfxqWiY5bfh3UVt" />

The podium would incorporate retail uses fronting Atchison Street, commercial tenancies, landscaped communal areas, and pedestrian improvements along Mitchell Street. Vehicle access and loading would be consolidated via Atchison Lane.

Residents would have access to more than 665 sqm of communal indoor and outdoor spaces, while the development proposes 96 parking spaces across five basement levels.

The proposal also includes a commitment for 10 per cent of residential floor space to be allocated toward affordable housing through a monetary contribution.

COX said the tower form responds directly to the emerging high-density character of the precinct while seeking to maximise solar access, cross ventilation, and outlook from apartments.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2163f85c-f63b-4be3-aafa-f8763976cec5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Article%20Feature%20Image%20%28Grid%29_5.png?VersionId=WiAmtIKJ6.ZQ41EtYEQ1fol7AeorKBlL" />

“The building is orientated towards north,” the Apartment Design Guide compliance report noted, adding that the tower’s slim form was driven by the constrained inner-urban site dimensions.

The design also incorporates landscaped setbacks and communal open space at podium level, intended to soften the interface with surrounding streets and improve pedestrian amenity.

The project adds to a growing wave of redevelopment proposals reshaping St Leonards and Crows Nest following the opening of the Sydney Metro City line and the NSW Government’s push for higher-density housing around major transport nodes.

Last week Stockland filed plans just down the road. They want to build a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/601-pacific-highway-st-leonards-nsw-2065">52-storey tower on Pacific Highway</a>.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">First look: Stockland plans 52-storey, 538-apartment St Leonards tower&nbsp;</a>

Joel Robinson

First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a> has revealed plans for a new mixed-use tower at 10 Dangar Street, Wickham, advancing a proposal that would reshape the southern gateway to Newcastle’s city centre with one of the city’s tallest residential buildings.

The State Significant Development proposal, now on exhibition, seeks approval for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/bowline-10-dangar-street-wickham-nsw-2293">43-storey tower</a> immediately adjacent to the Newcastle Interchange. The project would deliver around 200 apartments, including 42 affordable housing dwellings, alongside 99 co-living units, a 171-room hotel, retail space, and new public domain integrated through the site.

The scheme marks a significant escalation of plans previously approved for the site. Urban Property Group took over the prominent 2,904 sqm parcel, where excavation and demolition had already commenced under an earlier consent for a 14-storey mixed-use development.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="58a96dd9-407f-4d20-86b4-94e4bfeef74b" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20podium.png?VersionId=LGlf08pdFGAZDzvx_CXC4XakHNZRuEE0" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/sjb-architects">SJB</a>, the tower has been conceived as a landmark transit-oriented development anchored to the Newcastle Interchange precinct. The proposal includes 245 build-to-sell apartments across a mix of one, two, and three-bedroom residences, as well as two penthouses. Fifteen apartments and one operational unit are earmarked for NDIS housing. The co-living component would add a further 99 units, while the podium would accommodate retail uses and hotel facilities.

SJB said the site presents “a valuable opportunity to anchor the precinct by setting the standard for design, active ground planes and character at the key southern gateway.”

The architecture responds directly to the site’s position beside major transport infrastructure and within one of Newcastle’s fastest-evolving urban renewal precincts. The tower form sits above a sculpted podium designed to frame new public spaces, including a through-site pedestrian link connecting Station Street to Hannell Street, landscaped plazas, and activated retail edges.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a7bd6ff0-f7db-4ce8-a6dc-ea56e72c6149" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20lanne.png?VersionId=xzf39VADyhj7zBQY2I9fx9vI62u2tuSb" />

The design report describes the project as part of the broader transition of Wickham into “a vibrant, high-quality mixed-use urban precinct” that leverages proximity to the station, open space, and regional connectivity.

A detailed public art strategy has also been prepared for the development. The strategy positions the project as “a transit-oriented development of state significance at the gateway to Newcastle’s city centre” and outlines a series of integrated artworks responding to Newcastle’s industrial and transport heritage.

Creative Road’s curatorial framework for the project, titled Unveil, draws on “stratified surfaces, carved volumes, and light-filled apertures” while referencing Newcastle’s transformation from an industrial city into a contemporary education and technology hub.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="77a882bb-14b1-4d28-99ff-9438e39508c0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20site.png?VersionId=cevgo_vN0eKPK78P8YcEu3mKPLkpFqE7" />

The proposal is being advanced through the NSW Housing Delivery Authority pathway after being declared State Significant Development in June 2025. The accompanying scoping report states the development aims to “maximise the site’s proximity to the Newcastle Interchange by delivering transit-oriented development” while increasing housing supply and affordable housing provision within the Newcastle LGA.

Urban Property Group’s plans align with the long-term strategic vision established under the Wickham Master Plan, which identified the interchange precinct as suitable for substantial uplift in height and density. The current proposal would significantly intensify that vision, positioning the tower among the tallest developments proposed for Newcastle.

The site sits immediately north of the Newcastle Interchange, bounded by Dangar Street, Hannell Street, and Charles Street. It is surrounded by a rapidly growing cluster of residential towers and mixed-use projects that have emerged following the completion of the light rail and transport interchange.

First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s latest tower at Wickham interchange

Bottega House has completed settlement of a landmark riverfront site in Macquarie Street, St Lucia, representing its first major Brisbane development.&nbsp;

Positioned on the banks of the Brisbane River, the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">premium site at 180 Macquarie Street</a> features uninterrupted river frontage in one of Brisbane’s most tightly held residential precincts.&nbsp;

The proposed development, currently under assessment with Brisbane City Council, has been designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a> with interiors by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and will deliver a boutique collection of premium residences positioned specifically for owner occupiers and downsizers.&nbsp;

The residences are set to redefine luxury apartment living in the area, with a focus on architectural quality, refined finishes, landscape integration and elevated amenities including curated wellness facilities, resort-style pools and recreation spaces rarely seen in the local market.&nbsp;

Exclusive sales for the project will be led by Keenan &amp; Byrne, ahead of an anticipated launch later this year.&nbsp;

Bottega House Managing Director Nick Malloch said the project reflects the group’s ambition to deliver a highly curated residential offering within one of Brisbane’s most tightly held precincts.&nbsp;

“This is an incredibly rare riverfront opportunity and one we have approached with a long-term perspective,” Malloch said.&nbsp;

“Our vision from the outset was to create a boutique collection of residences that feel more like private homes than traditional apartments, with generous proportions, refined finishes and exceptional amenity throughout."

Malloch says there is a&nbsp;lack of premium owner-occupier stock of this quality in the market, particularly for downsizers wanting space, privacy and a true lifestyle offering without compromise.&nbsp;

"Demand is expected to be strong given the scarcity of premium riverfront opportunities of this nature within Brisbane’s inner-west."&nbsp;

Bottega House secures landmark riverfront site in St Lucia 

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The arrival of the first piling rig officially marks the commencement of construction at SIERA’s new beachside apartment development, Exhale, in Northcliffe.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/exhale-surfers-paradise-8-enderley-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Exhale</a>, a glass-encased tower featuring 54 large-scale apartments at 8 Enderley Avenue, is SIERA’s third Gold Coast development. It follows the recently completed PIPIS Bilinga beachfront project, which achieved suburb-record prices, and the soon-to-be-completed Chevron Island development, Tapestry.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359603]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/siera">SIERA</a> Founder and Managing Director Brent Thompson said the arrival of the piling rig represented a significant milestone for the development, which is scheduled for completion in late 2028.

Over the next month, around 260 piles are expected to be installed as work progresses on the basement structure. The building is anticipated to rise above ground level early next year, before unveiling its sculptural glass curtain wall, developed in collaboration with specialist façade engineers.

“The façade was designed to maximise panoramic coastal views while creating a distinctive architectural identity,” Thompson said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=355935]

Designed by BDA Architecture, Exhale will comprise just 54 two- and three-bedroom residences across 26 levels, a level of low-density living rarely delivered in this beachside pocket between Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach.

The project has been conceived as a resident-only building, with no short-stay accommodation permitted. SIERA says the model is intended to appeal to long-term owner-occupiers rather than transient holiday demand.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=361052]

Residences have been designed with large-format layouts and expansive glazing, with most apartments featuring more than 30 metres of glass frontage to maximise natural light and ocean views.

The amenity offering spans two levels and centres on wellness and lifestyle, including a heated magnesium pool, sauna, yoga and Pilates studio, gymnasium, private dining facilities, cinema lounge, and dedicated surfcraft storage.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359607]

More than half of the apartments have already sold. SIERA has also opened a sales gallery for Exhale at its Chevron Island commercial premises, near its Tapestry tower and the site of its second Chevron Island apartment development, which is slated to launch in early 2027.
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</section>

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112661]

SIERA kicks off construction at Northcliffe tower Exhale

Local Little Bay residents, along with buyers from premium postcodes across Sydney’s affluent Eastern Suburbs, have dominated purchases in developer-builder Urban Property Group’s first Eastern Suburbs apartment development, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/este-little-bay-jennifer-street-little-bay-nsw-2036">ESTE Little Bay</a>.

The $250 million coastal project, one of the first new developments in the area in several years, has proven particularly popular with downsizers, especially those from Coogee and Bondi. One Double Bay downsizer paid $4.7 million for a four-bedroom penthouse, setting a new local apartment price record in the process.

Buyers have been attracted to the combination of coastal tranquillity, premium design and amenity-rich neighbourhood living. The walkable village setting, along with proximity to three of Sydney’s leading golf courses, New South Wales Golf Club, St Michael’s Golf Club and The Coast Golf Club, has also been a key drawcard.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112343 project_image_fid=352689]

Built across two low-rise buildings designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/hill-thalis-architecture-urban-projects-pty-ltd">Hill Thalis</a> and set along a lush, landscaped green spine, designed by leading landscape architect <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/landscape-architect/arcadia-landscape-architecture">Arcadia</a>, ESTE Little Bay offers a collection of one, two, three and four-bedroom residences with interiors by Richards Stanisich.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a> Sales Director, Tom McIvor said the response to ESTE has been "nothing short of extraordinary."

“Buyers have been quick to recognise ESTE as a rare opportunity to invest in a coastal sanctuary that offers both seclusion and connectivity to the heart of Sydney,” McIvor said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112343 project_image_fid=352687]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/srm-residential">SRM Residential</a> Senior Director, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/project-marketer/srm-residential">Clayton Ross</a> said the local market has responded incredibly well, driven by ESTE’s exceptional location and the rarity it offers.

“We’ve seen strong interest from a variety of buyer groups, all of whom are drawn to the exclusivity and quality of the build and construction by the 4.5-star iCIRT-rated builder / developer, Urban Property Group. There’s truly nothing else like it along Sydney’s coastline.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112343 project_image_fid=352690]

The project also includes robust buyer protections, including Resilience Insurance’s Latent Defects Insurance, providing 10 years of structural cover, and an independent iCIRT-rating of the developer.

“The iCIRT-rating adds another layer of confidence,” Ross added. “Buyers see it as a safeguard for their investment and their lifestyle.” A highlight of ESTE’s offering is its exclusive wellness amenities, including a heated rooftop infinity pool and outdoor heated spa, a state-of-the-art Technogym fitness centre, and a sauna.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/este-little-bay-jennifer-street-little-bay-nsw-2036">ESTE Little Bay</a> is topped out and is on track to complete towards the end of 2026, with residents moving in before Christmas.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112343]

Eastern Suburbs buyers snap up ESTE Little Bay apartments

Parramatta

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The American hotel giant Hilton has picked Parramatta for a new 245-room luxury hotel, in a move harshly described by the Australian Financial Review as an "unlikely location".
Located 25 kilometres west of Sydney’s CBD, Parramatta is a major business and commercial hub and a growing destination for business events.
The new hotel will replace the former AMP building at 20 Macquarie Street, which was once the tallest building in Parramatta.
It will be demolished with construction of a 90-metre building to kick off in 2020.
There are more than 540 Hilton hotels around the world.
Western Sydney Business Chamber director David Borger welcomed the news.
“I think we’ve really arrived as a city when we have brands like Hilton considering business here,” he told The Daily Telegraph.
“It used to be that if a city had a cathedral they’re doing well, but now it’s about getting Apple or Hilton.”
Ledrae Hotels director Lionel Chang says he is thrilled to be bringing Hilton to Parramatta.
“We have owned the building on the corner of Macquarie Street and Marsden Street since 1994 and look forward to this exciting transformation,” he says.
“With Macquarie Street being the oldest and most well-known street in Parramatta, we cannot think of a better address for what will be a fantastic hotel.”
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Hilton pinpoint burgeoning Parramatta for next Australian hotel

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GUEST OBSERVATION
One of the biggest strategic planning challenges of our time in Australia is to re-imagine the Greater Sydney metropolis with more than one CBD.
My students in the capstone unit of the Master of Urbanism program at the University of Sydney have worked on preparing a strategic plan for a Central City CBD at the heart of the Greater Sydney Region. This work built on the Greater Sydney Region Plan proposed by the Greater Sydney Commission, aka <a href="https://www.greater.sydney/metropolis-of-three-cities" target="_blank">Our Greater Sydney 2056 – A Metropolis of Three Cities</a>.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240952/original/file-20181017-17664-f4o3wt.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240952/original/file-20181017-17664-f4o3wt.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Figure 1. A Metropolis of Three Cities: the Greater Sydney Commission’s 2018 Greater Sydney Region Plan. Greater Sydney Commission
In this plan, the Sydney metropolitan region is re-imagined around three cities:
<ol>
<li>Eastern Harbour City – built around the current CBD</li>
<li>Central River City – built around a new CBD located in Greater Parramatta on the area currently known as Parramatta CBD and Westmead district</li>
<li>Western Parkland City – built around the growth expected around <a href="https://theconversation.com/western-sydney-aerotropolis-wont-build-itself-a-lot-is-riding-on-what-governments-do-97462" target="_blank">Western Sydney Airport</a>, Penrith, Campbelltown and Liverpool.</li>
</ol>
A key objective of the metropolitan plan is to rebalance economic and social opportunity toward Western Sydney and the Central River City, or “Central City”. The vision is for most residents to live within 30 minutes of their job, education, health facilities, and other services.
The first step to fulfil this bold vision is to understand how far Western Sydney is from having its own metropolitan CBD; and to assess how the Central City (in Greater Parramatta) measures up against the existing Sydney CBD, also known as the Harbour City.
How do the Central City and Harbour City compare?
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240953/original/file-20181017-17680-rfhpy9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240953/original/file-20181017-17680-rfhpy9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Figure 2. A snapshot of Central City versus Harbour City. Image: Jamie van Geldermalsen, Mile Ilija Barbaric, Rao Umair Afzaal, Kun Fan, Author provided
Currently, <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/tablebuilder" target="_blank">2.6% of jobs in Greater Sydney are in Central City, compared to 14.5% located in the established Harbour City</a>. While the Harbour City has many more jobs, the proportion of workers in the health and public sectors is much higher in the Central City – due to the presence of Westmead health precinct. While health will remain important in the Central City’s future, employment opportunities in the financial, tech and legal sectors need to grow significantly if the Central City is to become the next metropolitan centre.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240955/original/file-20181017-17674-19t3v6u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240955/original/file-20181017-17674-19t3v6u.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Figure 3. Central City versus Harbour City: economic comparisons. Image: Jamie van Geldermalsen, Mile Ilija Barbaric, Rao Umair Afzaal, Kun Fan, Author provided
Harbour City offers significantly more regional and local connectivity than Central City. Currently, <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/tablebuilder" target="_blank">70% of Harbour City workers commute to work by public transport and only 13.5% by private vehicle, compared to the Central City’s 30% and 55.65% respectively</a>.
 
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240956/original/file-20181017-17689-zzxn66.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240956/original/file-20181017-17689-zzxn66.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Figure 4. Central City versus Harbour City: connectivity comparisons. Image: Jamie van Geldermalsen, Mile Ilija Barbaric, Rao Umair Afzaal, Kun Fan, Author provided
With the number of trips to Central City predicted to triple or quadruple during morning peak periods from current levels to 2056, forecasts indicate that Central City’s travel-to-work mode split will remain the same. This would lead to increased road congestion, impacting the economy, liveability and sustainability.
To represent the depth of connectivity problems, Figure 5 shows how long it takes to get to and from the Central City. It assesses travel times between 16 strategic centres and the Central City during peak morning and afternoon periods and on the weekend, for commuters on public transport versus those on the roads.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240963/original/file-20181017-17664-1w7haxt.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240963/original/file-20181017-17664-1w7haxt.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Figure 5. How long does it take to get to and from Central City? Image: Jamie van Geldermalsen, Mile Ilija Barbaric, Rao Umair Afzaal, Kun Fan, Author provided
The results show the public transport commuters’ travel time from most strategic centres is already greater than 30 minutes. Commute time on the roads varies, going over 30 minutes during the morning peak. Moving commuters around Greater Sydney using the road network <a href="http://www.sydney.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CfS-Issues-Paper-12-A-Fork-in-the-Road-1.pdf">is only a temporary measure</a>, as it does not have the capacity to cope with any of the proposed growth.
 
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240958/original/file-20181017-17664-t6ssec.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/240958/original/file-20181017-17664-t6ssec.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
Figure 6: Central City versus Harbour City: housing, cultures and services. Image: Jamie van Geldermalsen, Kun Fan, Mile Ilija Barbaric, Rao Umair Afzaal, Anjani Rao Gandra, Nithila Rajave, Rachana Chandwani, Tamanna Sultana, Author provided
Central City is culturally diverse. More than 140 languages other than English are spoken at home, with more than 65% of people born overseas.
However, social infrastructure to support and celebrate this great diversity is lacking. Access to community facilities such as aged care, child care, schools and non-Christian places of worship are limited. Without investment, the social infrastructure deficit will only be amplified as the population increases.
Harbour City has 11 museums and seven cultural centres; the Central City does not have any museums and only two cultural centres.
The final word
These assessments, from economy, connectivity, and liveability perspectives suggest the Sydney metropolis has a very long and bumpy way to go before we can re-imagine it with more than one CBD. Visionary and bold decision-making, supported by significant investment, is required for the Central City to transition to a metropolitan centre.
<hr>
This article is inspired by the work of the students enrolled in the <a href="https://sydney.edu.au/courses/units-of-study/2018/arch/arch9093" target="_blank">Integrated Urbanism Studio</a> for the Master of Urbanism at the University of Sydney. I specifically would like to acknowledge the significant contributions made by Jamie van Geldermalsen, Mile Ilija Barbaric, Rao Umair Afzaal and Kun Fan.
Tooran Alizadeh, Senior Lecturer, Director of Urban Design, University of Sydney
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/re-imagining-sydney-with-3-cbds-how-far-off-is-a-parramatta-cbd-102197" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Re-imagining Sydney with three CBDs: how far off is a Parramatta CBD?

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Completed in April this year, 105 Phillip Street has achieved another significant milestone, becoming the 2,000th building in Australia to achieve Green Star certification from the Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA). Located in Parramatta, Charter Hall’s 12-storey commercial development achieved 6 Star – Green Star – Office As Built v3, making it a benchmark in sustainable commercial buildings in Australia and world-leading in its sustainability standard. 

Constructed by Built, developed and managed by Dexus, 105 Phillip Street is also the first and only 6 Star Green Star building in Parramatta. Bates Smart worked closely with engineering consultancy Wood and Grieve's ESD team on the design of the 25,000 sqm commercial building.

According to the GBCA, 105 Phillip Street demonstrates best-practice office design and execution, delivering a sustainable new headquarters and workplace for its tenants. It joins some of Australia’s most iconic buildings and precincts which have achieved Green Star certification, including the Sydney Opera House, Barangaroo, University of Melbourne and Curtin University, Sydney Airport and Melbourne Convention Centre.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public//pictures/article-images/s11772_a_n253_print.jpg" rel="gallery-all"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="367" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files//styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/s11772_a_n253_print.jpg?itok=or9wia6-" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>105 Phillip Street's exterior is a play on scale, appearing as a four storey building. Image Bates Smart</figcaption></figure>Located within a 5-10 minute walk from Parramatta's civic centre, Parramatta Transport Interchange and adjacent to the Parramatta Ferry Terminal, 105 Phillip Street excellent benefits from its accessibility to public transport and pedestrian links to the CBD. Built over an existing carpark, the building re-establishes a retail streetscape along Phillip St, enhancing the Parramatta CBD with retail and commercial functions which form an integral part of the public domain.

Bates Smart has expressed the building form as two horizontal elements; a 9-storey glazed office volume articulated as three horizontal bands, and a 'podium' comprising a masonry colonnade which anchors the building and provides a human scale to the streetscape. The design of the facade responds to the building's orientation, with vertical fins projecting from the façade providing shading to the north whilst vertical spandrels reduce thermal heat loading on the east and west facades. The colonnade creates a sheltered entry and relates to the scale of the adjacent buildings along Phillip Street, complemented by the use of masonry.

105 Phillip features generous 2,000 sqm floorplates, punctured by a series of atria to the north, allowing for light penetration into the tenancy and providing inter-tenancy connections between levels. A side core has been located to the south, creating an open office floors to the north and allowing for maximum flexibility for the fitout. 

A landscaped roof with an extensive outdoor terrace has been provided at the top of the tower overlooking Parramatta River. The terrace has been designed around employee wellbeing, offering a tranquil retreat away from the traffic below, whilst still in the heart of the CBD. A variety of uses have been catered for, including staff events, barbecues, yoga, and sporting activities on a multipurpose sports court.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public//pictures/article-images/s11772_a_n24_print.jpg" rel="gallery-all"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="314" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files//styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/s11772_a_n24_print.jpg?itok=KFiTCVow" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>105 Phillip Street's foyer. Image: Bates Smart</figcaption></figure><h2>What they say...</h2>

<blockquote>
We are delighted to be recognised by the Green Building Council of Australia. This is a smart building that showcases how effective design can create positive contributions to achieve environmentally sustainable outcomes, thus improving the building’s overall efficiency.

Through its design, we have considered various innovations to improve the building’s overall efficiency, address water and energy conservation while encouraging its end-users to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle. Although a simple and understated design, 105 Phillip Street has achieved and exceeded many performance benchmarks for an office development. From the outset, the design to practical completion was achieved in 24 months.

- Basil Richardson, Studio Director, Bates Smart
</blockquote>

 

<blockquote>
This is a momentous achievement and shows how the value of sustainability in our built environment continues to go from strength-to-strength as the uptake of Green Star certification grows. Certifying our 2000th project is a milestone that demonstrates the sustained momentum Green Star has achieved in less than two decades of operation. 
To achieve a 6-Star Green Star certification is an amazing achievement and we congratulate the team behind 105 Phillip Street. Our vision is for healthy, resilient and positive places for people and the natural environment and it is through developments like this that this goal can be reached.

A Green Star rating is much more than a certificate or a logo – it showcases leadership in sustainability, creates brand value, encourages innovation, creates new revenue streams, secures stakeholder confidence and mitigates risk.

- Romilly Madew, GBCA CEO
</blockquote>
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Laurence Dragomir

Parramatta's 105 Phillip Street becomes 2,000th building to achieve Green Star Certification

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The proposed value capture policy by the City of Parramatta Council has not responded to earlier industry concerns that the policy could stop development.
The Draft Planning Agreement Policy to go to the meeting of the City of Parramatta Council on 10 September has not responded to industry concerns despite referral to an Independent Panel Review.
The Urban Taskforce presented concerns to a council meeting on 25 June and specifically requested deferral to a workshop with industry groups.
The concern our members had was that the consultant advice that council was getting on the policy did not seem to understand real world economic viability. We expected the Independent Panel to request submissions or hold public hearings as required by item 4 of the council resolution that established the panel but it seems they only relied on advice from council’s consultants.
The Review Panel in item 9 of their overview state ‘This review did not specifically test the 50% value sharing … as to feasibility.’ The review only relied on advice provided by council’s consultants. These are the same consultant that the Urban Taskforce met with previously where a number of errors in testing feasibility were found.
The Urban Taskforce urgently requests the City of Parramatta Council to have a detailed workshop with the development industry as we originally requested and as was required by the motion that established the Review Panel. We recommend that council defer the item until there has been proper industry input into the financial viability implications of the policy.
The value capture policy was evolved in the first half of 2017 when the housing market was very healthy and put on exhibition on 23 August 2017. Since this time there has been a big drop in home sales prices and in apartment pre-commitments which is leading to a drop in the economic feasibility of projects. The Urban Taskforce assumed we would have the opportunity to convey these concerns to the Review Panel and that this would have led to a rethink of the policy.
Chris Johnson is the Urban Taskforce CEO
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cjohnson-8xfqfuuCSq

Parramatta value capture will stop development unless industry input is considered: Chris Johnson

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Parramatta is rapidly boosting its credentials as the economic and social hub of Western Sydney, with another very large commercial tower likely to join its ranks.

Scentre Group, the owner-operator of $35 billion-worth of Westfields in Australia and New Zealand, has lodged a development application amendment to alter a previous approval dating back to 2014. That scheme allowed for additional retail shopping floor at Parramatta Westfield and a 120 metre commercial tower to be constructed at the corner of Church &amp; Argyle Streets.

The fresh amendment seeks to move the commercial tower component of the project 80 metres west along Argyle Street, allowing for a significant increase in its size and improved integration with its immediate environs.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public//pictures/article-images/image44a.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Westfield Tower as envisaged by Woods Bagot"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="804" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files//styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image44a.jpg?itok=xX4ms39M" title="Westfield Tower as envisaged by Woods Bagot" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Westfield Tower as envisaged by Woods Bagot</figcaption></figure>The new tower is proposed to reach 210 metres and accommodate 41 levels of premium-grade campus-style office space, offering market competitive flexible rectilinear floor plates of slightly more than 3,000 square metres per floor.

With an overall Net Lettable Area of 112,000 square metres, it will be one of the largest commercial office buildings in Australia. The tower is similar in size to Barangaroo’s International Tower 1, which is the current holder of the title.

Such is the scale of development in Parramatta that Westfield's proposal will play second fiddle to nearby <a href="https://www.parramattasquare.net.au/commercial/">6-8 Parramatta Square</a>, which will offer a still larger 125,000 square metres of premium-grade floor space upon completion in 2021.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public//pictures/article-images/parramatta-square-skyline-day_-_jpw.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Johnson Pilton Walker's 6-8 Parramatta Square will offer comparable floor plates to Westfield Tower"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="773" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files//styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/parramatta-square-skyline-day_-_jpw.jpg?itok=30-ke-Ji" title="Johnson Pilton Walker's 6-8 Parramatta Square will offer comparable floor plates to Westfield Tower" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Johnson Pilton Walker's 6-8 Parramatta Square will offer comparable floor plates to Westfield Tower</figcaption></figure>Westfield Tower's proposed new location on Argyle Street would activate a currently neglected pocket of Parramatta's CBD, drawing in a continuous stream of office workers and visitors accessing both the commercial tower and Westfield itself. 

The tower lobby will be integrated into the streetscape, offering street-facing retail and cafe/restaurant premises, helping general activation.

Retail space will also be provided on the sixth floor of the development. Office workers and shoppers alike will  be able to utilise a ‘social garden’ which sits between the lobby and the sixth-floor retail precinct. 

The relocated tower would also disrupt fewer retail tenancies during construction. According to documents, the new location allows the structural supports for the tower to punch cleanly through a slice of the Myer multi-storey retail tenancy, with a negotiated use of their retail floors during construction, allowing Myer to continue trading uninterrupted.

Woods Bagot are responsible for the design of the premium-grade building which will target a five-star Green Star rating.
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ModernBradfield

Parramatta bulks up with another Barangaroo-sized commercial tower proposal

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Following its mixed-use development in Parramatta, Crown Group was awarded the 2018 UDIA NSW Mixed-Use award for its 514-apartment tower V by Crown Group at the annual Urban Development Institute of Australia (UDIA) NSW Awards for Excellence last weekend.
Crown Group Chairman and Group CEO Iwan Sunito said the prestigious award recognised the company’s dedication to create an iconic residential development for the site.   Positioned in the heart of Parramatta, and referred to by local media as Parramatta’s “Vertical Village”, V by Crown Group includes a private pool, gym, sauna, conference facilities, music room, theatrette, library, state-of-the-art archaeological showcase and level-26 bar; plus a boutique hotel and ground level retail-and-dining plaza.   "This award is a recognition of the unique design of V by Crown Group, a development which reflects the past, present and the future," Sunito said.   Iwan, who is also an architect, has often expressed his desire to use innovative designs rather than to simply follow designs of the past.   "We strive to push the boundaries of conventional design, to create revolutionary breakthrough developments," Sunito said.   "After more than 20 years of growth, we continually strive to create award-winning architectural designs across Sydney’s skyline." 
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/8/8/V%20by%20Crown%20Group%20Lobby.jpg" alt=""> Designed by international architects Allen Jack + Cottier (AJ+C) in collaboration with the Japanese born architect, Koichi Takada, V by Crown Group includes two large V-shaped columns, each standing a striking three storeys tall; highlighting its main entrance on the corner of Macquarie and Marsden streets Parramatta.   The development involved the preservation of a number of key elements of Parramatta’s historical and cultural past, including the remains of a convict hut found during excavation and uniquely displayed for public view in a purpose-built display centre located on-site.
Named the “The Philip Ruddock Heritage Centre,” the public showcase was officially opened to the public by NSW Premier Gladys Berejikilian along with Mayor of Hornsby and former member for Parramatta, Philip Ruddock and Crown Group CEO Iwan Sunito in December 2017.   V by Crown Group is also home to the first Skye Hotel Suites; Parramatta’s first five-star hotel offering 72 luxury suites catering for domestic and international visitors to Parramatta.   At ground-level, V by Crown Group’s modern retail precinct is home to Husk + Vine Restaurant and Bar, The Shed Café among other eateries and retail outlets.   V by Crown Group’s second tower was completed in 2017.
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Crown Group wins design award for Parramatta mixed-use development 

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The Westpac building in historic Parramatta as been sold.
The <a href="https://www.commercialrealestate.com.au/property/264-270-church-street-parramatta-nsw-2150-2014154192" target="_blank">Church Street </a> premises, comprising 660 square metres, sold for $14 million at a yield of 4.3 per cent.
It was sold through Khoury &amp; Partners, Parramatta to UPM Pacific, directed by Chinese investors from Knoxfield in Melbourne.
Last time it sold was in 2012 for $7.1 million, an almost 100% increase in six years for the heritage building (pictured above). The 2012 price represented a net yield of 7.5 per cent, with income of $536,815 a year.
Westpac sold it in 2000 for $3.03 million, with little growth during its next ownership, selling at $3 million in 2007.
Located at 264-270 Church Street, the property was originally offered fully leased to Westpac until 2015, with two further five-year options.
The building, totalling 1275 square metres, is on one of the suburb's busiest retail corners.
Agents through the years have suggested the listing was an A-grade bank investments.
The site has been occupied as a bank since 1874.
Earlier this year it was reported Westpac Bank extended its long-term 506sq m commercial lease with the new deal due to commence in March 2020.
The gross annual rent for the property is $1000 a square metre for seven years with options, and incentives.
Khoury &amp; Partners' Jon Race and Anthony Khoury executed the deal.
Banks have been somewhat difficult propositions for landlords in recent times across the country.
However a Bayswater retail property in Perth could revisit its banking roots, after being sold under the hammer earlier this month to a local community bank franchise.
Originally constructed as a banking chamber in 1975, the premises were sold off by the Bank of NSW, aka Westpac,, in 1997 at $210,000.
The 83 Whatley Crescent property was purchased by Bayswater Community Financial Services Limited.
It was bought at auction for $1.06 million.
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Westpac Parramatta premises sell for $14 million

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GUEST OBSERVATION
There are jackhammers everywhere. A new Parramatta is emerging out of the rubble, seeking to make real its tag line: “Australia’s next great city”. Thickets of new residential and commercial towers are rising – testament to the city’s ferocious ambition – overshadowing what remains of the squat, 1970s office blocks built during Parramatta’s previous development boom.
There are many today who loudly proclaim Parramatta’s centrality to the story of Sydney. Mike Baird, when premier of NSW in 2015, called Parramatta nothing less than “the infrastructure capital of the world”, its fortunes tied closely to those of the state and the nation. The west is booming, as the New South Wales government releases huge tracts of land in the north-west and south-west of Sydney for development, and developers are cashing in on Parramatta’s rise.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/229562/original/file-20180727-106530-15gurnm.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/229562/original/file-20180727-106530-15gurnm.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
It’s been claimed Parramatta is the infrastructure capital of the world. <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.flickr.com/photos/redwolf/39847046615" target="_blank">redwolfoz/Flickr</a>, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY</a>
National Australia Bank is setting up its new headquarters at the A$2 billion development that is Parramatta Square. A new light rail network is on the way. Western Sydney University has completed its A$220.5 million high-rise campus. A new A$1 billion health precinct at Westmead is coming.
So, Parramatta is a city on the make. And the numbers tell us why. The NSW government’s population projections show Greater Sydney growing by more than 1.5 million people over the next two decades. The City of Parramatta’s population is forecast to grow by over 75,000 over the next decade alone.
Presented as objective fact, too often it’s forgotten that such numbers are primarily expressions not of a certain future but of a recent past, projected forward in time. Today’s population projections are comprised, to no small extent, by yesterday’s migration policies. They are not an inevitable future, but an intentional one, a story about where we want to go.
Western Sydney attracts a high proportion of Australia’s migrants. Parramatta, in particular, is a city being radically reshaped to meet the volume of demand projected off the back of this recent, record-breaking intake. Between the 2001 and 2016 census dates, the city welcomed almost 20,000 more Indian-born residents and 16,000 Chinese-born arrivals.
Over the same period, the number of Parramatta’s Australian-born grew by just 6,000. Today, the proportion of Parramatta’s population that identifies as Australian by ancestry is just 13%, compared to 23% for Australia as a whole.
Clearly, Parramatta’s A$10 billion transformation is preparing the city for a future that will be culturally distinct from its past. Australia’s next great city is emerging as a beacon of our nation’s hopeful, cosmopolitan future, built on growth, multiplied. But what kind of city will it be?
What makes a city
A city, after all, is more than the sum of its speculative real estate invest- ments and projected demand. Cities, as Leonie Sandercock reflected in her essay Practicing Utopia, are “neither organisms nor machines. They are flesh and stone intertwined. They are ‘built thought’.”
Surely, to be great a city must capture our imaginations. It must offer, all at once, a place to get lost in and a place in which to belong. In great cities we seek both refuge in the crowd and a sense of connection with something bigger than our selfies.
The greatest cities of the world also immerse us in experiential encounters with the archaeology of other eras. They are storied landscapes. Walking through these cities, we quite naturally absorb the daily integration of archaic infrastructures – horse troughs, cobblestones, ceramic piping – with the computationally connected services of our emergent present.
It is through the remnant traces of past eras that we can imagine a sense of physical connection with those who came before us. We hear a lot about the challenges that population growth brings to Australian cities. Mostly, we are conditioned to thinking of these challenges as infrastructural, or monetary.
But as our new, denser urban forms are rapidly realised, with forests of cranes and thickets of high-rise apartments replacing the sleepy suburbs that once represented the Australian dream, we’re also going to need to rebuild, as it were, the narratives of place and of belonging that define our cities.
As Robert Hughes once said, delivering a <a href="http://www.teachingheritage.nsw.edu.au/section07/d_ntref_hughes.php" target="_blank">National Trust lecture</a> in 1998 on Australia’s forgotten histories:
"An urban culture that predicates itself chiefly on an obsession with development is not worth having. A city needs deep memory, without which it becomes merely a stage set."
It is the accumulation of stories and experiences inscribed in built form that gives a place its distinct identity. Such stories are not only for the culturally sensitive: they drive real-estate investment too. When a city is rebuilt from scratch, we risk losing these stories and connections.
Australian cities have never been particularly good at celebrating the stories of people and place that have shaped them over time. Is this still true? More and more, our planners, designers, architects and developers seek to use the resources of the past to cultivate a contemporary sense of place. Decades of urban sprawl and featureless, automobile-dependent suburban landscapes have led to a renewed push for the creation of “liveable” urban identities that celebrate place and community.
The art of city building is now the art of place-making. In this context, local heritage becomes an asset; an important contributor to both economic and cultural vitality. You can see this in the prices paid for the converted warehouse buildings and sugar mills dotted across the suburban landscape.
So, if it’s going to be Australia’s next great city, the radical rebuilding of Parramatta is also an opportunity to ask questions about how we make use of the past as a resource for building the future.
Parramatta – a gathering place
So often celebrated within historical accounts as the “cradle of the colony”, Parramatta’s history has been synonymous with the story of Australia’s beginnings as a nation.
This, after all, is where Australia’s identity as an agricultural nation was first forged. Having followed Arthur Phillip down the river in search of arable land, it is where early convicts successfully proved not only the economic viability of the fledgling colony, but their worthiness as free citizens. It is likewise in Parramatta that the British government first tested its limits of moral and administrative governance in its new colony through the building of not only the first Government House, but also of prisons, factories, asylums and “native institutions”.
This heroic story about Parramatta’s colonial foundations continues to be told through sites like Experiment Farm, the Parramatta Female Factory and the many other colonial administration buildings that remain. You walk into the Parramatta Heritage Centre and you will learn much about this story. And yet, cleaving to the notion of European founding, somehow standing in for the beginning of time, has in turn obscured other narratives.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/229558/original/file-20180727-106521-1mh522t.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/229558/original/file-20180727-106521-1mh522t.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
The Parramatta Female Factory continues to tell Parramatta’s colonial story. <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Parramatta_Female_Factory.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a>
Parramatta’s founding is a big story, particularly when it helps forge the identity of Australia as a largely Europeanised nation. But the cradle story has also contributed to a certain blindness about the experiences of people in Parramatta since the days of Phillip and his men. It excludes millennia of Aboriginal occupation, their custodianship of the environment and continuing urban presence, as well as the great diversity of people who have arrived here from nations across the globe.
Rich as it is, Parramatta’s story requires considerable rethinking and public conversation in order to bring it into a stronger relation with the present. As Australia’s next great city appears in view, this dialogue is beginning to happen, and new evidence is being found within the rubble. A cultural plan for the new CBD released by the City of Parramatta in 2017 acknowledges that Parramatta “always was, always will be, a gathering place”.
An archaeological analysis recently undertaken by Comber Consultants as part of the redevelopment of Parramatta Square has tentatively found the area may have been used as a gathering place for at least some 5,000 years. Such discoveries prompt a reassessment of the nature and experience of early interactions between settlers and Aboriginal peoples.
This gathering place likewise witnessed the “Battle of Parramatta” in 1797, when a hundred Aboriginal warriors led by Pemulwuy arrived in formation down George Street. They were fighting against the many injustices inflicted upon them by the new arrivals. Pemulwuy would be shot, his warriors dispersed.
A rich history
The City of Parramatta commissioned us in 2017 to offer an account of Parramatta’s many “waves of migration”, a project inspired by this revived notion of Parramatta as a gathering place. We found that not all the convicts who first settled here were European. Africans and Indians were among the first convicts.
The different nationalities caught up in the convict system reflected a number of diverse political struggles being fought at the time of European arrival in Sydney. Political activists from around the world included the Scottish “martyrs” of 1794 and 1795, Irish rebels of 1798 and 1803, trade unionists and insurrectionists from Canada, military prisoners from India and rebellious slaves from the West Indies.
In the early years of Parramatta’s settlement there are records of the presence of various Maori, Afro-Americans, Indian, Chinese, Maltese and others. There is a long association in Parramatta with Maori connecting to the colony through trade, shipping, whaling and missionary activity.
Parramatta was also central, we found, to the story of Australia’s embrace of immigration after the second world war. The formation of a federal department for immigration after the war, and massive growth of European migration from the late 1940s through the 1960s, would alter the fabric of Australian life in decisive ways.
Parramatta, where experiments in European food production were first tried and tested, is also where our early experiments in migrant support took place. It was here that many new arrivals from war-torn Europe first settled. An American naval base hospital, established in Granville Park in 1942, was used after 1945 as one of the first hostels for migrants. Other migrant hostels were located in nearby Ermington, Dundas and Villawood to accommodate displaced persons and recent migrants.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/229560/original/file-20180727-106499-3zqqsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/229560/original/file-20180727-106499-3zqqsw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
The US naval base hospital in Granville Park was used to house migrants after 1945. <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/holroydlibrary/3382868089/in/photolist-6a1gFb-69W5Wx-69W5PT/" target="_blank">Holroyd City Library/Flickr</a>, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY</a>
We saw that over the 20th century processes of “chain migration” would shape Parramatta fundamentally. Chain migration – the term used to describe how migrants follow others from their town to a new host destination – was most strongly practised by Lebanese and Greek communities.
We learned of the significance of two women from the Lebanese village of Kfarsghab, Rosie Broheen and Zahra Youssef Assad Rizk, who were among the first to have settled in Parramatta, after arriving in Australia in the late 1890s. Since their arrival, families from the Kfarsghab village continued to migrate to Parramatta, a process that intensified as part of the post-war wave of migration to Sydney. Chain migration was actively supported by Australian migration policy at this time, which placed strong emphasis on family reunion.
By 2008, an estimated 10,000 people in Parramatta could trace their ancestry to the village of Kfarsghab. Indeed, the importance of Parramatta to this community was commemorated when the main street of the village in Lebanon was renamed Parramatta Road. Another Lebanese village of importance to Parramatta is the Maronite village of Hadchit in northern Lebanon. There are now about 500 Hadchiti households in areas such as Westmead and Harris Park.
We found great gaps in knowledge about the continued presence of Aboriginal people after the initial years of contact (gaps that are beginning to be filled). One woman we spoke to said she was sick of hearing about “her culture” being thousands of years old while not being listened to in the present.
And so, while we did gather together diverse stories of migration and movement in and around Parramatta – sometimes free movements, some under adverse circumstances – what was ever-present was the invisibility of lives not previously deemed of any real importance to the evolving story of Parramatta and its role in accommodating different ideas about Australia’s place in the world.
Keeping place
In commissioning our research, the City of Parramatta Council has sought to fill some of the gaps in its historical knowledge of migration impacts on the city. It plans to acknowledge and celebrate these many experiences – of both gathering and dispersal – through interpretive artworks within new developments like Parramatta Square. There are hopes for a “Keeping Place” that acknowledges stories of Indigenous lives, including their dispossession.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/100652/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">Through ongoing practices of interpretation, documentation and story-telling, as well as continuing dialogue about the most appropriate future uses of significant historical sites such as Parramatta Park and the Parramatta Female Factory, we hope Australia’s next great city can also be a place where new cultural imaginaries of place can be celebrated. Looking beyond the exaggerated localism of much local history and the “foundational narrative” of colonial beginnings, Parramatta is a place where many different versions of becoming Australian can be cultivated and explored.
Sarah Barns, Engaged Research Fellow, Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University 
Phillip Mar, Research Associate in Cultural and Social Research, Western Sydney University
This piece is republished with permission from <a href="https://griffithreview.com/editions/who-we-are/" target="_blank">Who We Are</a>, the 61st edition of Griffith Review, via <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. 
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Reimagining Parramatta: a place to discover Australia's many stories

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Parramatta's position as the nation's most dynamic satellite city continues to be underscored by an almost continuous flow of developments into the Greater Western Sydney locale.

Latest to the development surge is the nation's largest apartment developer, Meriton. Last week the outfit lodged plans valued at $228 million for their George Street site in the western reaches of Parramatta's CBD.

Called for are two towers of 210 and 186 metres that would, in addition to a Meriton serviced apartment component, the project will pump hundreds of new apartments into Parramatta. The CBD's expanding housing stock is expected to balloon form a 2017 figure of 6,108 to a projected <a href="https://forecast.id.com.au/parramatta/residential-development?WebID=270">2036 dwelling count of 15,474</a>.

Such is the popularity of Parramatta that the Apartments.com.au Project Database for the suburb has expanded rapidly to include thousands of planned and under construction apartments, particularly within Parramatta's CBD.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public//pictures/article-images/image154_2.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Woods Bagot's envisaged design for the George Street site"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="384" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files//styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image154_2.jpg?itok=jqWjuARW" title="Woods Bagot's envisaged design for the George Street site" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Woods Bagot's envisaged design for the George Street site</figcaption></figure>The move to planning for 180 George Street will see the 7,978 square metre site currently controlled by the Meriton developed to its maximum potential. Earlier this year Meriton foreshadowed the redevelopment, announcing that Woods Bagot was successful in a design competition for the site.

At present five buildings across 180 George Street span up to fourteen levels and are held by the developer within its Meriton Suites serviced apartments portfolio.

Council note the delivery of 767 residential apartments as proposed, spread across the taller tower and the upper levels of the secondary tower. The 767 dwellings are loosely broken down into 486 apartments within the taller north tower, 131 apartments in the south tower, 12 podium level apartments and 142 apartments inserted across existing buildings onsite.

Meriton last year completed Altitude, its most recent Parramatta development at 330 Church Street which consists of dual towers holding approximately 375 apartments 254 serviced apartments.

<figure><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public//pictures/article-images/image158_1.jpg" rel="gallery-all" title="Probables and possibles. 8 Phillip Street alongside a scheme for 87 Church Street"><img alt="" class="image-article-full-width-580px" height="424" src="/sites/urban.melbourne/files//styles/article_full_width_580px/public/pictures/article-images/image158_1.jpg?itok=2Ah5NLhD" title="Probables and possibles. 8 Phillip Street alongside a scheme for 87 Church Street" width="580"></a>

<figcaption>Probables and possibles. 8 Phillip Street alongside a scheme for 87 Church Street</figcaption></figure>The lockstep between population surge and a rapidly evolving skyline is evident when assessing Parramatta's major current apartment developments. 180 George Street aside, the 200 metre <a href="/new-apartments/8-phillip-street-2-10-phillip-street-parramatta">8 Phillip Street</a> includes 300 plus apartments, <a href="/new-apartments/south-quarter-parramatta-57-83-church-street-parramatta-nsw-2150">South Quarter</a> encompasses 700 plus apartments, <a href="/buildings/west-village-88-church-street-parramatta">West Village</a> almost 400, <a href="/buildings/observatory-place-parramatta-7-parkes-street-parramatta-nsw-2150">Solstice</a> 175 and <a href="/buildings/the-lennox-12-phillip-street-parramatta">The Lennox</a> with 440 apartments.

Of the above West Village and The Lennox are at construction.

It is through the next wave of residential towers that will continue to underpin Parramatta's explosive growth. 197 Church Street, 87 Church Street, 12 Hassell Street, 2 O'Connell Street and Westfield Parramatta Tower stand out as potentially sizeable towers capable of hosting major development in coming years.
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silvermb

The Meriton juggernaut adds to Parramatta's population surge

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EXPERT OBSERVER
The Draft Affordable Housing Policy to be considered by the City of Parramatta Council at tonight’s Council meeting, needs to better understand market conditions.
The City of Parramatta Council recently deferred it’s Draft Planning Agreements Policy to an independent panel for review and the same should occur for its Draft Affordable Housing Policy due to be considered at its meeting tonight.
The Planning Agreements Policy included mandatory affordable housing contributions as a significant component so if the council was concerned about the impact on the market of the Draft Planning Agreements Policy and deferred this to an independent panel then clearly the same should occur for the Affordable Housing Policy.
The two policies are clearly intrinsically linked and should be reviewed together.
The draft policy for Affordable Housing includes a proposal to phase affordable housing contributions out of the Planning Agreement process and to replace this with an Inclusionary Zoning approach that requires developers to give 10 percent of new housing projects back to council for affordable housing.
Presumably the Planning Agreement Policy will still have the 50% of uplift to be given to council so developers will be contributing even more back to council.
In the current environment where the feasibility of new housing projects is diminishing as prices are dropping across Sydney the Affordable Housing Policy will only make projects less feasible and potentially stop them from going ahead.
It is vital that the City of Parramatta Council get input from the risk taking real world of the development industry before locking in this Affordable Housing Policy.
The independent panel already appointed by council should involve industry in the review of these new policies.
The opportunity to also involve two recent appointments by the NSW Government should also be taken by the independent panel.
The appointment of a NSW Productivity Commissioner and of a NSW Chief Economist includes a brief for both to look at housing affordability from an economic system perspective.
Their input into the approach proposed by the City of Parramatta Council would benefit the potential roll out of affordable housing policies to all of Sydney’s councils that could flow from Parramatta’s leadership.
The Urban Taskforce is keen to be involved in discussion with all parties involved in Affordable Housing Policy to ensure that a sustainable, market based, approach occurs.
Chris Johnson is Urban Taskforce CEO.
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