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Australia needs to change the way it assesses potential infrastructure projects, to ensure that governments can better understand which road and rail projects are worth building.
One way would be to make long-overdue changes to how we value the impact of infrastructure on future generations. This is done through the choice of a “<a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discountrate.asp" target="_blank">discount rate</a>” – the mechanism used to compare costs and benefits of projects that occur at different points in time.
Australian governments have chosen to keep their central discount rate at 7% since at least 1989. This is despite one of the key components of the discount rate, the real borrowing rate, varying from as high as 8% to below 1% in this time.
The <a href="https://grattan.edu.au/report/unfreezing-discount-rates-transport-infrastructure-for-tomorrow/" target="_blank">latest report</a> released by the Grattan Institute recommends that governments adopt discount rates that change when the world changes, and that reflect the riskiness of a project.
While the concept might seem arcane, using an artificially high discount rate muffles the signal that tells governments what projects are worth building and which ones aren’t. Using the wrong discount rate probably means we build the wrong infrastructure.
<h2>Costs and benefits</h2>
A future benefit or cost needs to be converted into today’s dollars because future dollars have a different value to today’s dollars. This is because, even ignoring the effects of inflation, people value a dollar today more than one at some future date.
When a transport project’s benefits mostly come about in the distant future, a high discount rate treats those benefits more sceptically than a low discount rate would.
The Melbourne Metro rail project provides a good example of the discount rate’s importance. If we use a 7% discount rate, as recommended by Infrastructure Australia, the estimated benefits are only a tiny <a href="http://infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/projects/files/Melbourne_Metro_Project_Evaluation_v2.pdf" target="_blank">10% larger than the costs</a>.
But using a 4% discount rate, the project will deliver benefits that are almost two-and-a-half times greater than the project’s A$9 billion cost.
On one reading, then, the project is expected to be a major economic success. On another its value is marginal. Changing the discount rate has huge implications for the cost-benefit analysis of new projects.
The discount rate is also an important determinant of the mix of projects that governments consider. As you can see in the chart below, changing the discount rate changes the rankings of different projects.
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/207620/original/file-20180223-108150-1xh6vfh.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip" target="_blank"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/207620/original/file-20180223-108150-1xh6vfh.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
<h2>Re-examining the basis for Australia’s discount rates</h2>
Discount rates are part of the appraisal and ranking of potential infrastructure projects. The discount rate is designed to reflect the next-best use of the resources for that project, and with the same level of risk.
The next-best project could be another project in the transport portfolio, in another portfolio, or even a financial investment overseas with the same level of risk.
Our report challenges the way Australian governments apply this framework. Instead of being frozen at 7%, discount rates should vary when there is material variation in the cost of money. In addition, discount rates should differentiate between projects that are more risky and those that are less risky. If we are comparing a low-risk project with a riskier one, then we’re comparing apples with oranges.
The cost of money is usually inferred from government borrowing costs, signalled by the 10-year Commonwealth bond rate. Back in 1989, when the 7% discount rate was established in Australia, the government borrowing rate <a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/government-bond-yield" target="_blank">was 6.8% in real terms</a> (adjusted for inflation); in 2017, it was 0.8%.
Discount rates should reflect such a dramatic change in the cost of money.
The type of risk that matters for discounting is the sensitivity of a project’s expected returns to the economy generally – known as the <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/walkthrough/corporate-finance/4/return-risk/systematic-risk.aspx" target="_blank">systematic risk</a>.
Most government transport infrastructure is still used whether the economy is booming or in the doldrums, because most people keep on travelling to work or school and buying transported goods. But some projects are more sensitive than others to the state of the economy, and the discount rate should be higher for them.
If we incorporate risk and the cost of low-risk borrowing, the discount rate in 2018 should be around 3.5% for projects where systematic risk is low, and around 5% where it is high by the standards of transport infrastructure projects.
Both rates are substantially below today’s 7% standard central rate. Sensitivity testing remains important, of course, because precision is difficult.
<h2>Better evaluations</h2>
Lower discount rates will help to make clear which are the most valuable transport projects available. But they will also make the economics of all transport projects look better.
Our recommendations may therefore seem at odds with previous Grattan Institute analysis, which showed that Australian governments have <a href="https://grattan.edu.au/report/cost-overruns-in-transport-infrastructure/" target="_blank">systematically underestimated the cost of transport projects</a>, making many appear more attractive than they really were.
But our consistent goal is to improve all aspects of project selection and appraisal, so we can know which are the best projects to build and in what order. This accords with past work by both the Productivity Commission and <a href="https://bitre.gov.au/publications/2005/files/report_110.pdf" target="_blank">Bureau of Transport, Infrastructure and Regional Economics</a>, arguing that the discount rate is not the appropriate way to deal with optimism bias.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/92265/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">Ultimately, using an artificially high discount rate comes at the cost of distorting public policy priorities. We should be aiming to improve every aspect of evaluation wherever better approaches are evident, so we build the right projects in the right order. Better discounting would be a big step in that direction.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/marion-terrill-325786" target="_blank">Marion Terrill</a>, Transport Program Director, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/grattan-institute-1168" target="_blank">Grattan Institute</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/hugh-batrouney-318476" target="_blank">Hugh Batrouney</a>, Fellow, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/grattan-institute-1168" target="_blank">Grattan Institute</a>
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/smart-money-a-better-way-for-australia-to-select-big-transport-infrastructure-projects-92265" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

A better way for Australia to choose big transport projects

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Queensland Sotheby’s International Realty has recruited elite sales executives former franchise owners of Explore Property in Ashgrove, Kelly Qualtrough and Sean Wallis.
The duo are the latest top agents to join the company, following in the footsteps of Port Douglas’ Barbara Wolveridge and North Gold Coast’s Lisa Halpin.
“We are thrilled to have Kelly and Sean as part of our rapidly growing team, both of whom are committed to excellence and have values aligning superbly with the Queensland Sotheby’s International brand,” CEO Paul Arthur said.
“They are known through-out Brisbane’s North west. They are a welcome addition to our Paddington (Brisbane) team.”
In 2017, Qualtrough and Wallis were responsible for the transactions of more than 100 properties while also successfully operating a strong property management business.
“It was a difficult decision for us to close the doors on our own agency – we are dedicated to our clients and knew we had to align ourselves with people we respect and a brand that can help us make a difference” Qualtrough said.
The pair’s extensive rent roll is merging with that of Queensland Sotheby’s International Realty’s property management division, which is headed up by director Blake Farquhar. 
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Kelly Qualtrough and Sean Wallis recruited by Queensland Sotheby's

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An opportunity to acquire a significant parcel of level land at Westmead with development potential has hit the market.
Located at 93 Bridge Road, the site occupies 8,664 square metres of land and benefits from a 92.795 metre frontage along Bridge Road to the western elevation and 256.6 metres of combined local internal road frontages along the Northern and Southern boundaries of the property. 
The site is located in a gateway position close to the Westmead health district to the North and situated on the western fringe of the Parramatta CBD.
The existing improvements on the site comprise 31 single storey two bedroom villas. 
The site is underdeveloped subject to the provisions of the Parramatta Local Environmental Plan 2011 and benefits from a R4 High Density Residential zoning with an accompanying 1.7:1 floor space ratio and a building height of 20 metres allowing for up to six storeys of residential development. These existing provisions allow for the construction of circa 14,728.80 square metre of potential GFA.
They expect the very limited supply meant offerings such as 93 Bridge Road are sure to be keenly pursued by a number of local and offshore groups.
93 Bridge Road, Westmead is being sold through Savills Australia with offers due April 5 through Neil Cooke, director residential site sales at Savills Australia, and Stuart Cox and Johnathon Broome of Savills Australia.
Savills suggests a growing population, low interest rates, infrastructure spend and consumer confidence has seen values within Westmead, one of Sydney’s popular growth suburbs soar over recent years.
That growth is likely to continue its upward trend, ensuring new developments in Westmead remain highly desirable, it says.
Westmead’s location surrounded by hospitals, schools, transport links and the Parramatta CBD. 
Over $900 million has been allocated to the redevelopment of Westmead Hospital which will feature a new building, called The Central Acute Service Building as well as infrastructure upgrades and the recently completed eight level car park offering 1,250 spaces. The new Acute Service building will be completed by 2020.
Westmead is 22km west of the Sydney CBD and only 2km west of the Parramatta CBD.
Parramatta is commonly known as the geographical centre of Sydney and is a thriving metropolis of commercial and economic activity being the sixth largest CBD in Australia.
Major amenity upgrades have occurred around the railway station with the expansion of Westfield Parramatta (second largest retail complex in Australia), the creation of a new transport interchange and the ongoing development of the Parramatta Square
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/Westmead%20to%20Sydney%20CBD%20aerial.jpg" alt=""> 
Savills have recently noted there have been "very few development opportunities within the area" and only a handful of significant sites offered to the market in recent years.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/93%20Bridge%20Road_Westmead-%20site%20aerial.jpg" alt="">
 
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Demand for land soars in Westmead in Sydney's west: Savills

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GUEST OBSERVER
Australia should cut its immigration intake, according to Tony Abbott in a recent speech at the Sydney Institute. Abbott explicitly cites economic theory in his arguments: “It’s a basic law of economics that increasing the supply of labour depresses wages; and that increasing demand for housing boosts price.”
But this economic analysis is too basic. Yes, supply matters. But so does demand.
While migration has increased labour supply, it has done so primarily in sectors where firms were starved of labour, and at a time of broad economic growth.
Immigration has put pressure on infrastructure, but our problems are more a function of governments failing to upgrade and expand infrastructure, even as migrants pay taxes.
And while migrants do live in houses, the federal government’s fondness for stoking demand and the inactivity of state governments in increasing supply are the real issues affecting affordability.
The economy isn’t a fixed pie
Let’s take Abbott’s claims about immigration one by one, starting with wages.
It’s true that if you increase labour supply that, holding other factors that affect wages constant, wages will decline. However, those other factors are rarely constant.
Notably, if the demand for labour is increasing by more than supply (including new migrants), then wages will rise.
This is a big part of the story when it comes to the relationship between wages and migration in Australia. Large migrant numbers have been an almost constant feature of Australia’s economy since the end of the second world war, if not earlier.
But these migrants typically arrived in the midst of economic growth and rising demand for labour. This is particularly true in recent decades, when we have had one of the longest periods of unbroken growth in the history of the developed world.
In our study of the Australian labour market, we found no relationship between immigration rates and poor outcomes for incumbent Australian workers in terms of wages or jobs.
Australia uses a point system for migration that targets skilled migrants in areas of high labour demand. Business is suffering in these areas. Migrants into these sectors don’t take jobs from anybody else because they are meeting previously unmet demand.
These migrants receive a higher wage than they would in their place of origin, and they allow their new employers to reduce costs. This ultimately leads to lower prices for consumers. Just about everybody benefits.
There’s an idea called the “lump of labour fallacy”, which holds that there is a certain amount of work to be done in an economy, and if you bring in more labour it will increase competition for those jobs.
But migrants also bring capital, investing in houses, appliances, businesses, education and many other things. This increases economic activity and the number of jobs available.
Furthermore, innovation has been shown to be strongly linked to immigration. In the United States, for instance, immigrants apply for patents at twice the rate of non-immigrants. And a large number of studies show that immigrants are over-represented in patents, patent impact and innovative activity in a wide range of countries.
We don’t entirely know why this is. It could be that innovative countries attract migrants, or it could be than migrants help innovation. It’s likely that the effect goes both ways and is a strong argument against curtailing immigration.
Abbott’s comments are more reasonable in the case of housing affordability because here all other things really are held constant. Specifically, studies show that housing demand is overheated in part by federal government policies (negative gearing and capital gains tax exemptions, for instance) and state governments not doing enough to increase supply.
Governments have responded to high housing prices by further stoking demand, suggesting that people dip into their superannuation, for instance.
In the wake of Abbott’s speech there has been speculation that our current immigration numbers could exacerbate the pressures of automation, artificial intelligence and other labour-saving innovations.
But our understanding of these forces is nascent at best. In previous instances of major technological disruption, like the industrial revolution, the long-run effects on employment were negligible. When ATMs debuted, for example, many bank tellers lost their jobs. But the cost of branches also declined, new branches opened and total employment did not decline.
In his speech, Abbott said that the government needs policies that are principled, practical and popular. What would be popular is if governments across the country could fix our myriad policy problems. Abbott identified some of the big ones – wages, infrastructure and housing affordability.
What would be practical is to identify the causes of these problems and address these directly. Immigration is certainly not a major cause. It would be principled to undertake evidence-based analysis regarding what the causes are and how to address them.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/92255/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">A lot of that has already been done, notably by the Grattan Institute. What remains is for governments to do the politically difficult work of facing the facts.
Robert Breunig, Professor of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University.
Mark Fabian, Postgraduate student, Australian National University.
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/blaming-immigrants-for-unemployment-lower-wages-and-high-house-prices-is-too-simplistic-92255" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Blaming immigrants for high house prices is too simplistic

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Mernda has experienced the biggest stock decrease over the past year according to Investar.
Investar suggests the stock for sale has decreased by 79%, from 500 houses this time last year to its current 102 offering.
The suburb's median house price sits on $480,000, according to CoreLogic. 
Investar puts it the suburb median rental at $365 a week.
A three bedroom Goulburn Street house has been listed for sale with $600,000 hopes (pictured below).
Close to the upcoming Mernda train station, the 79 Goulburn Street home comes with three bedrooms, kitchen with Caesar stone waterfall benchtops, and open plan meals/family area.
 Further benefits include ducted heating, split system cooling and alarm system with security cameras.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/70%20goulburn%20st.jpg" alt="">
A Mernda four bedroom house has been sold for $751,500 earlier this month (pictured below).
Situated within walking distance to parklands and within easy access to schools, supermarkets and train station, <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-vic-mernda-127488198" target="_blank">the 20 Chicory Street</a> home comes with large formal lounge/theater room, hostess kitchen with euro appliances, and large family room.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/20%20chicory%20st.jpg" alt="">
Another three-bedroom house was sold for $610,000 last year (pictured below).
It was sold by Rod Taylor and John Kalpakis form Ray White. 
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-vic-mernda-126709370" target="_blank">The 15 Heals Road house </a>comes with three bedrooms, formal lounge and double steel garage.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/15%20heals%20road.jpg" alt="">
The new Mernda Train Station and proposed town centre are within walking distance.
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Mernda sees biggest stock decrease in Victoria

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Homes located within the catchment for some of Melbourne’s best public schools are achieving six-figure premiums, compared to neighbouring properties which fall just outside the zone.
The latest REIV data shows the median house price in highly sought after public school catchments is up to $400,000 more expensive than homes within a one kilometer radius of the zone.   
In the year to December 31, homes zoned for some of the city’s best primary schools recorded the largest price difference, with South Yarra Primary School leading the way. Homes within the South Yarra Primary School zone had a median price of $1,930,000 while properties bordering the zone had a median of $1,520,000 – a difference of $410,000.
Vendors of homes within the catchment area for Altona Primary School could also expect higher sale prices than those located just outside the zone. The median house price for those within the zone was $1,225,000 while neighbouring homes bordering the zone fetched $325,000 less.
In Bentleigh East, homes zoned for Valkstone Primary School were almost $250,000 more expensive than those within one kilometer of the school zone.
REIV President Richard Simpson said access to quality public schools remains a key factor for many buyers, which is delivering significant capital gains for homes located in these catchments.
“Parents of school-aged children are investing in the family home by buying into areas zoned for some of the city’s best public schools, rather than paying the equivalent in private school fees.”  
Camberwell High School experienced the largest price difference for secondary schools, with a difference of $289,000 recorded between those in the zone and those bordering the zone.
Homes located within the catchment of McKinnon Secondary College also achieved  significantly higher prices than those just outside the zone. The median house price for homes within the zone was $1,690,000 while those bordering the zone had a median price $235,000 less.
PRIMARY SCHOOLS
<table>
<colgroup>
<col width="228">
<col width="106">
<col width="140">
<col width="150">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
12 months to Dec17
</td>
<td>
In School Zone
</td>
<td>
Bordering School Zone (1km)
</td>
<td>
Difference
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
South Yarra Primary School
</td>
<td>
$1,930,000
</td>
<td>
$1,520,000
</td>
<td>
$410,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Altona Primary School
</td>
<td>
$1,225,000
</td>
<td>
$900,000
</td>
<td>
$325,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Valkstone Primary School
</td>
<td>
$1,630,000
</td>
<td>
$1,385,000
</td>
<td>
$245,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Fitzroy Primary School
</td>
<td>
$1,635,000
</td>
<td>
$1,400,000
</td>
<td>
$235,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Hampton Primary School
</td>
<td>
$2,050,000
</td>
<td>
$1,860,000
</td>
<td>
$190,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Llyod Street Primary School
</td>
<td>
$2,000,000
</td>
<td>
$1,870,000
</td>
<td>
$130,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preston West Primary School
</td>
<td>
$1,045,000
</td>
<td>
$952,000
</td>
<td>
$93,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Hartwell Primary School
</td>
<td>
$2,001,000
</td>
<td>
$1,950,000
</td>
<td>
$51,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Templeton Primary School
</td>
<td>
$997,500
</td>
<td>
$965,500
</td>
<td>
$32,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Regency Park Primary School
</td>
<td>
$920,000
</td>
<td>
$903,000
</td>
<td>
$17,000
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
<table>
<colgroup>
<col width="237">
<col width="96">
<col width="150">
<col width="141">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
12 months to Dec17
</td>
<td>
In School Zone
</td>
<td>
Bordering School Zone (1km)
</td>
<td>
Difference
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Camberwell High School
</td>
<td>
$2,399,000
</td>
<td>
$2,110,000
</td>
<td>
$289,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
McKinnon Secondary College
</td>
<td>
$1,690,000
</td>
<td>
$1,455,000
</td>
<td>
$235,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Frankston High School
</td>
<td>
$778,400
</td>
<td>
$650,000
</td>
<td>
$128,400
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Box Hill High School
</td>
<td>
$1,425,000
</td>
<td>
$1,335,000
</td>
<td>
$90,000
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Mount Waverley High School
</td>
<td>
$1,407,000
</td>
<td>
$1,328,500
</td>
<td>
$78,500
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
A three bedroom house in South Yarra Primary School Zone has been sold for $3.5 million earlier this month (pictured below).
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-vic-south+yarra-127443318?cid=pdp:recent-sales" target="_blank">Located at 48 Fawkner Street</a>, the Victorian home is only 0.28 kilometres from the South Yarra Primary School.
It comes with three bedrooms, open plan kitchen and dining, and a sizable balcony.
Additional features include a sitting room, study, under stair storage lush courtyards and rear right of way parking access for two cars.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/27/south%20yarra%20primary.jpg" alt="">
A Stodart Street five-bedroom house, which is 0.66 kilometres from Camberwell High School, was sold for $5.5 million last year (pictured below).
Built in 1928, the 12 Stodar Street home comes with five bedrooms, a well-appointed Miele kitchen, informal living and dining rooms and private garden with heated pool and spa.
Willison station, parks, trams and schools, including Camberwell Primary School, Camberwell High School and Canterbury Girls Secondary College are within short distance.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/27/12%20stodart%20st.jpg" alt="">
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Camberwell tops school zones value benefit: REIV

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Melbourne ranked the top in both number of new listings and number of total listings in capital cities as February draws to a close, according to CoreLogic.
Melbourne fresh stock was up 1.2% on the same time last year with total stock up three%, according to CoreLogic.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/corelogic%203.jpg" alt="">
A new offering currently on the market is a one bedroom apartment in Southern Cross, which has been listed for sale with $438,000 hopes.
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-apartment-vic-melbourne-127693210" target="_blank">The 1403/200 Spencer Street apartment </a>comes with spacious bedroom, well-appointed kitchen and European laundry.
Located opposite Southern Cross Station and the Skybus, it is close to trams, the Queen Vic Market, restaurants and supermarkets.
Another offering listed by Selling Melbourne Real Estate is a two bedroom apartment with city views (pictured below).
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-vic-melbourne-123137606" target="_blank">The south facing 2207/80 A'Beckett St</a> apartment comes with two bedrooms, one bathroom and car parking space.
It also features in swimming pool, Sky lounge and resident amenities.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/2/26/melbourne.jpg" alt="">
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Melbourne stock levels up on last year: CoreLogic

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Set on an 800 square metre block in central Cannonvale, the three bedroom house has been sold by mortgagees for $272,000.
It was sold by Ellen and Bek from Ray white earlier this month.
It had last sold for $375,000 in 2006.
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-qld-cannonvale-127313018" target="_blank">Located at 4 Grace Avenue</a>, the property features polished floorboards and a large entertaining deck.
There is plenty of car parking under the home and the potential to build in underneath and there is also space to put in a pool.
The suburb's median house price sits on $430,000 according to CoreLogic. 
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Cannonvale, Queensland offering sold by mortgagee

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The Melbourne food and beverage operator Beacon 88 has secured a five-year lease for its Albert Park premises.
It is a 160 sqm retail space on the ground floor of the residential complex at 88 Beaconsfield Parade.
Beacon 88 will open a high-end eatery leased at a net annual rent of $593 a square metre.
Knight Frank agent Paul Pellegrino brokered the deal for landlord, Pentas Property Investments.
<a href="http://88beaconsfield.com/vision" target="_blank">The building </a>was designed by Omiros One Architecture with a 4th floor lap pool and sun deck, overlooking the Melbourne CBD skyline, and provide a space accessible to all residents to enjoy the Port Phillip Bay view.
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Beacon 88 lease deal on Albert Park promenade

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In the ACT, the Leases (Commercial and Retail) Act generally applies to small commercial premises and premises being used for the sale of retail goods and services. However, the test for determining whether a tenant is offering retail services may not be as simple as you think. For example, it includes the provision of services to another business.
Who uses the goods or services?  When considering if goods and services provided by a tenant are retail rather than wholesale, the courts will consider who is using the goods and services. However, the question is not whether the consumer is the general public or another business. Instead the question is whether the consumer is the end user or the ultimate consumer of the goods and services.     For example, if the tenant is selling stationery to a business which uses the stationery, then the customer is the ultimate consumer and the sale of goods by the tenant is considered to be retail. If the tenant is selling stationery to a business which then sells the stationery in an unaltered state to a third party, the customer is not the ultimate consumer and the sale of the goods by the tenant is considered to be wholesale.     The same test is applied to services. For example in the recent case of IMCC Group (Australia) Pty Ltd v CB Cold Storage Pty Ltd [2017] VSCA 178, CB Cold Storage Pty Ltd (‘the Tenant’) operated a cool storage business using freezer warehouses and related facilities. The Tenant’s customers were usually companies in the food industry who paid a fee to store products such as dairy products, small goods, and seafood. The customers ranged from large primary production enterprises to small owner operated businesses.     IMCC Group (Australia) Pty Ltd (‘the Landlord’) argued that the customer was not the ultimate consumer as they would take the products from the cold storage, thaw them, cook them, and someone else would eat them. However, the court disagreed as the court was not deciding if the goods were retail but if the service was retail. The court found that the customers of the Tenant were the ultimate consumer of the services as the customers were not passing on the services in an unaltered state to a third party. Accordingly, the provision of the services by the Tenant was considered to be retail.     The court acknowledged that it may be difficult to contemplate circumstances where the provision of services is not retail. However, this does not change the decision.     Other examples  Some other examples of the use of premises which have been found to be ‘retail services’ are: 
<ul>
<li>pathology business </li>
<li>serviced apartments </li>
<li>function and conference centre </li>
<li>office and warehouse for logistic service and </li>
<li>a patent attorney office  </li>
</ul>
In all of these cases, it was found that the tenant was supplying a service to someone who is the ultimate consumer.     What are the implications?  If a tenant is using the premises for ‘retail services’ then in Victoria the Retail Leases Act 2003 may apply and in the ACT the Leases (Commercial and Retail) Act may apply.     In the CB Cold Storage case the Tenant used the Retail Leases Act 2003 (Vic) as the basis for successfully recovering land tax payments made to the Landlord.     Other implications of the relevant Act applying could be: 
<ul>
<li>tenants may be entitled to a minimum term of 5 years </li>
<li>landlords may not be able to recover outgoings </li>
<li>tenants may have a right of termination within the first 6 months of the lease </li>
<li>a rent review clause may be void </li>
<li>landlords may have broader repair obligations </li>
<li>tenants may be able to claim compensation for interferences with their occupation (including breakdowns in plant and equipment) and </li>
<li>implications for lease assignments, including the release of outgoing tenants in certain circumstances. </li>
</ul>
What should you do?  Landlords and tenants should consider the use of the premises and the services being provided by the tenant. It may be that, as in the CB Cold Storage case, the relevant Act applies to your lease of industrial or warehouse premises.     Meyer Vandenberg can be contacted here
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Are your leased ACT premises truly being used for retail services?

The Gold Coast economy has grown by 25 per cent since 2020/21 to surpass $55 billion, but perhaps the more significant story is what sits behind the headline number.

For decades, the Gold Coast has been viewed through the lens of tourism, lifestyle and population growth. The latest State of the City Report suggests that perception is increasingly out of step with reality.

Released by Invest Gold Coast, the report ranks the Gold Coast as Australia's largest non-capital city economy and, perhaps more notably, second nationally behind Sydney for Economic Complexity, a measure that assesses the diversity and sophistication of an economy.

It's a result that places the Gold Coast ahead of Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide, highlighting the extent to which the city's economic base has broadened beyond its traditional industries.

Today, the Gold Coast supports more than 350,000 jobs, is home to over 83,000 businesses and generates $19 billion in annual exports. Manufacturing now accounts for 62 per cent of international export growth, while sectors including health, education, advanced manufacturing, technology and professional services are becoming increasingly important contributors to the local economy.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=372547]

Gold Coast Mayor Tom Tate said the report confirmed the city's evolution into one of Australia's most significant economies.

"The Gold Coast economy continues to grow at an incredible pace. This is no surprise to those of us who have watched the evolution up close," Mayor Tate said.

"As one of the most entrepreneurial, investment driven and opportunity focused economies in the country our ambition has been realised and possibilities are endless.

"The Gold Coast has built a reputation as the city that says yes. We say yes to investment, yes to opportunity and yes to people who want to build something.

"It's this mindset helping us drive major growth across health, advanced manufacturing, screen production, marine, technology and the knowledge economy."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360975]

While population growth has been one of the defining stories of the past decade, the report points to a broader economic transformation taking place.

The city's knowledge economy now contributes $7.9 billion annually and supports around 31,000 jobs, while the health and wellbeing sector contributes $5.2 billion and employs more than 42,000 people. Together, the six priority sectors identified in the report account for almost $24 billion in economic output and more than 145,000 jobs.

One of the strongest examples is the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct at Southport. The 200-hectare precinct now contains more than $5 billion worth of health, education, research and innovation infrastructure and supports over 16,000 jobs.

The report also highlights the growing role of advanced manufacturing, particularly in aerospace, defence and modular construction.

Gold Coast-based Gilmour Space Technologies recently became the first Australian commercial company to attempt an orbital launch, while companies including Modscape and ModnPods are helping establish the Yatala-Stapylton corridor as one of Australia's fastest-growing advanced manufacturing hubs.

The city's entrepreneurial culture is also translating into business growth.

Since 2019/20, the number of businesses operating on the Gold Coast has increased by 22 per cent, while firms employing more than 200 people have grown by 80 per cent. The report suggests the next challenge is converting more local start-ups and medium-sized businesses into nationally significant companies.

Development activity remains another key indicator of confidence.

There are currently more than $23 billion worth of major projects underway across the Gold Coast, supported by a record 75 active cranes, a figure that now exceeds Brisbane and represents a 150 per cent increase since 2016.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112024 project_image_fid=343235]

Importantly, the report notes the next phase of investment will need to extend beyond residential development.

While 93 per cent of crane activity is currently tied to housing, Invest Gold Coast argues future investment will increasingly need to focus on cultural, civic, infrastructure and industry-enabling projects that strengthen the city's long-term economic resilience.

Invest Gold Coast Chair Will Hodgman said the city was now benefiting from years of economic diversification.

"What is happening on the Gold Coast is the result of the city's economic base broadening, fuelled by industries with long-term, high-growth potential," Mr Hodgman said.

"This is no longer a secondary Australian economy, the Gold Coast is becoming a globally connected city with deeper capability across health, knowledge and creative industries, advanced manufacturing, technology and exports."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365786]

Looking ahead, the Gold Coast's population is projected to exceed one million residents by 2046.

For a city that was once largely defined by tourism and lifestyle, the latest figures suggest the Gold Coast is becoming something more significant, one of Australia's most diverse and economically sophisticated urban economies, and increasingly one that national and international investors can no longer afford to overlook.

Joel Robinson

75 cranes, $23 billion pipeline and a $55 billion economy: Inside the Gold Coast economic boom

Ron Bakir's Homecorp has sold more than 75 per cent of the apartments in its wellness-driven Florence Residences in Surfers Paradise following its first weekend release.

The <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/florence-residences-24-monte-carlo-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">26-storey project on Monte Carlo Avenue</a>, which commenced construction earlier this year, has seen a flurry of buyers secure their slice of the Gold Coast's latest wellbeing-focused offering in one of the nation's most competitive property markets.

Since the pandemic, the Gold Coast's population has grown by more than 11 per cent, a rate approximately four times faster than Sydney's, driven largely by lifestyle changes and interstate migration. While buyer activity has moderated in some markets nationally, demand for newly built dwellings on the Gold Coast continues to gain momentum as purchasers increasingly prioritise lifestyle, amenity, wellbeing, liveability and long-term investment potential.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372743]

Homecorp CEO Ron Bakir says buyers today are looking for more than just a home.

"What we are seeing is a shift in how people define value in property," Bakir says.

"What attracts residents to new developments is a desire for more than just a residence. They are looking for a place that complements their lifestyle, supports their wellbeing and reflects the way they want to live into the future.

"Lifestyle, longevity, proactive health, wellbeing, connection and a sense of community are increasingly shaping purchasing decisions, particularly on the Gold Coast, where these factors continue to be a major drawcard."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372744]

Bakir says Homecorp is responding to this shift through an approach that places greater emphasis on design, amenity and experience working together to create places that feel considered, connected and enduring in value.

Inspired by Eastern European design, Florence Residences will comprise 120 apartments alongside a private residents-only wellness club featuring a resort-style rooftop pool, hot and cold plunge pools, a spa retreat, contemporary gymnasium, and a spacious yoga and Pilates studio.

The development will also feature a residents-only lounge with private dining facilities and a rooftop bar, premium outdoor entertaining areas, a hotel-style lobby lounge, generous bike parking, and pet-friendly amenities including a heated dog wash.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372742]

A limited number of apartments remain available, with an exclusive collection of four-bedroom sub-penthouses set to be released in the coming months.

Florence is one of the latest additions to Homecorp's expanding multi-billion-dollar property portfolio, which also includes plans for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/homecorp-lodges-plans-for-260-million-moroccan-bathhouse-inspired-tower-in-budds-beach">$260 million development in Budds Beach</a> tailored to the growing wellness market.

A development application has been lodged for a 27-storey, 156-residence tower at 8–10 Acacia Avenue and 25–27 Oak Avenue, featuring a residents-only Moroccan spa-inspired sanctuary.

Apartments at Florence Residences are priced from $1,249,000, with construction expected to be completed by late 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=150414]

Buyers rush to Homecorp's Florence Residences as Gold Coast wellness trend gains momentum

The NSW Government has expanded its $1 billion Pre-sale Finance Guarantee program, broadening access for affordable housing providers and smaller residential developments as it seeks to accelerate housing delivery across the state.

The Minns Government says the program has already helped bring forward more than 600 homes across Sydney and regional NSW since launching in September 2025, with similar models now adopted in South Australia and Western Australia.

The latest changes, announced by Treasurer Daniel Mookhey and Minister for Planning and Public Spaces Paul Scully, are designed to improve access to finance for projects that have planning approval but are struggling to secure funding.

Among the key changes is an expansion of support for community housing providers. The program will now support up to 100 per cent affordable housing projects valued at up to $30 million when delivered by not-for-profit providers, while support for larger affordable housing developments will increase for projects worth up to $80 million.

The government says the changes will help accelerate the delivery of housing for low-income workers, older people, people living with disability, and those at risk of homelessness, while reducing reliance on direct grants or subsidised loans to bridge funding gaps.

The eligibility criteria for smaller residential developments have also been broadened. The previous $5 million minimum project value threshold has been removed and replaced with a requirement that projects deliver at least four homes.

Support has also increased for projects delivering fewer than 20 homes, with the guarantee now able to cover up to 75 per cent of dwellings in a development, capped at $30 million per project.

The changes are expected to particularly benefit smaller-scale and regional developments, which often face greater challenges meeting pre-sale requirements imposed by lenders.

Treasurer Daniel Mookhey said the scheme demonstrates how government can use its balance sheet to stimulate housing supply without relying solely on taxpayer-funded grants.

"The Pre-sale Finance Guarantee shows how this Government is using its balance sheet to reduce risk and unlock private investment, enabling new homes to move from design to construction faster," Mookhey said.

"This landmark reform allows us to deliver homes for working families at a lower cost to taxpayers, while also maintaining strong financial discipline."

Planning Minister Paul Scully said the program had already proven effective in bringing stalled projects to market.

"The Pre-sale Finance Guarantee has already proven it can unlock stalled projects and accelerate housing delivery by giving lenders the confidence they need to back good developments," Scully said.

"These changes will allow more affordable housing and smaller developments to access support so more homes can be built faster where communities need them most."

Housing Minister Rose Jackson said the expansion would help community housing providers overcome financing barriers that often delay projects.

"We know community housing providers are ready to build more homes, too often they're held back by barriers to finance," Jackson said.

"Expanding the Pre-sale Finance Guarantee helps remove those barriers so more affordable homes can get off the ground sooner."

The announcement was welcomed by the Property Council of Australia, which has long advocated for measures aimed at improving project feasibility and access to finance.

Property Council NSW Executive Director Katie Stevenson described the expansion as a practical intervention that addresses one of the most immediate constraints on housing delivery.

"This is exactly the kind of practical intervention we need right now, focused on getting projects out of the ground, not just approved," Stevenson said.

"It builds on a model the Property Council has worked closely with government to develop following calls for such a scheme ahead of last year's NSW Budget, so it's great to see it being expanded."

Stevenson said the reforms would help unlock projects that are ready to proceed but have been delayed by financing challenges. However, she noted that broader feasibility issues remain a significant barrier to increasing housing supply.

"The biggest challenge in NSW housing today is delivery. Too many projects have planning approval but are simply not financially viable to proceed under current settings," she said.

Speaking at the Property Council's NSW Housing Summit, Housing Minister Rose Jackson acknowledged that feasibility and financing pressures continue to constrain housing delivery, while reaffirming the government's commitment to work with industry on solutions.

Stevenson said the government's recognition of those challenges was encouraging ahead of next week's state budget.

"It's positive to see the government clearly recognising that feasibility pressures are now a binding constraint on supply," she said.

"With the Budget just days away, the focus must be on backing delivery, making sure projects stack up, finance can flow, and more homes can move from approval to construction."

The expanded Pre-sale Finance Guarantee forms part of the NSW Government's broader housing agenda, which also includes planning reforms, the NSW Housing Pattern Book, and a series of rezonings intended to increase housing capacity across the state.

NSW expands Pre-sale Finance Guarantee to unlock more affordable and regional housing

Design-led developer-builder Lowe Living has unveiled its latest residential development, Jardin House, marking its first foray into Melbourne's blue-chip City of Boroondara.

Located a short walk from Camberwell Junction, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/jardin-house-by-lowe-living-camberwell-335-camberwell-road-camberwell-vic-3124">Jardin House</a> has been designed to appeal to affluent local downsizers and established families seeking a low-maintenance alternative to the large homes that have long defined Camberwell and surrounding suburbs.

The project will comprise a collection of two and three-bedroom apartments ranging from 92 sqm to 280 sqm, alongside a limited number of penthouse residences featuring rooftop terraces spanning more than 100 sqm, with optional private pools.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372212]

Lowe Living Co-Founder and Managing Director Tim Lowe said Camberwell represented a natural next step for the developer as it expands into some of Melbourne's most tightly held residential markets.

"Jardin House is an important project for our team as it marks the next evolution of our portfolio into different well-established blue-chip pockets of Melbourne," Lowe said.

"Camberwell, with its incredible walkability, family-led neighbourhood feel and superb access to education and transport, makes it a natural choice for us."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372227]

Designed by Tristan Wong Architects, with interiors by Hecker Guthrie and landscaping by Acre, the development takes inspiration from the Art Deco architecture that remains a defining feature of many of Camberwell's established streets.

A curved facade, arched openings, textured brickwork and sculpted forms reference the suburb's architectural heritage, while extensive landscaping softens the building's presence and creates a strong connection to the surrounding tree-lined streetscape.

The project will be set behind a secure gated entrance, with residents arriving through landscaped gardens designed to create a transition between the public realm and private residences.

Inside, the residences feature natural stone and timber finishes, full-height glazing, Miele appliances and generous open-plan living areas designed for long-term owner occupation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372225]

While the apartments themselves have been designed to attract discerning owner-occupiers, it is the amenity offering that sets Jardin House apart from many other boutique projects currently launching across Melbourne.

The centrepiece is a 350 sqm private bathhouse curated in partnership with Aurora Spa &amp; Bathhouse founder Lyndall Mitchell.

The wellness precinct includes mineral pools, hydrotherapy experiences, a Himalayan salt room, sauna, steam room, cold plunge pools and dedicated relaxation spaces, creating what Lowe Living describes as a private wellness retreat exclusively for residents.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372222]

The collaboration follows Lowe Living's recent partnership with Aurora at Maison Savoy in Brighton, although Jardin House is the first project to incorporate both indoor and outdoor wellness experiences.

Emma Lowe, Co-Founder and Managing Director of Lowe Living, said wellness was becoming an increasingly important consideration for apartment buyers.

"Collaborating with Lyndall Mitchell from Aurora Spa &amp; Bathhouse for a second time is an intentional nod to creating residences that are more than just homes, but a way to enrich the lives of our residents through wellness and longevity," Lowe said.

The amenity offering is complemented by a Technogym fitness studio, residents' lounge, private dining spaces and concierge services.

The launch comes as developers increasingly target Melbourne's established eastern suburbs, where rising land values, ageing housing stock and growing downsizer demand are creating opportunities for boutique apartment projects.

Lowe said the company expects significant generational wealth transfer across suburbs such as Camberwell in coming years, creating further demand for luxury apartment living.

"Camberwell is a blue-chip suburb where homes regularly transact for multiple millions of dollars," he said.

"The generational change of wealth in these locations expected in the coming years is significant, so we see an opportunity to create exclusive residences that appeal to older families and downsizers in order to meet this demand."

Apartments at Jardin house start from $1,195,000. The project forms part of Lowe Living's near-$1 billion portfolio of new developments across Melbourne.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=146717]

Lowe Living launches Jardin House in Camberwell

As <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/north-sydney-nsw-2060">North Sydney</a> continues its transition from a commercial centre into a more layered residential and lifestyle precinct, a new generation of apartment developments is reshaping expectations around scale, amenity, and long-term liveability.

Improved transport connections through the Victoria Cross Metro, continued investment in dining and public spaces, and a constrained supply of new luxury apartments have sharpened demand for homes that combine proximity to the CBD with the privacy and outlook traditionally associated with harbourside houses.

At 177 Walker Street, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aland">ALAND</a>’s new apartment development <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-walden-north-sydney-177-walker-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">The Walden</a> enters the market with a distinctly residential approach to high-rise living. The 30-level tower will deliver 161 residences, ranging from one-bedroom apartments through to sub-penthouses and a full-floor penthouse, all oriented to capture uninterrupted views across Sydney Harbour, the Opera House, and out toward the Pacific Ocean.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6395]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a>, the project takes advantage of the site’s natural topography and elevated position above the harbour. Rather than relying on density alone, the architecture focuses on outlook, orientation, and spatial flow, with every apartment occupying a corner position to maximise natural light and cross ventilation.

Rothelowman says the site itself shaped much of the architectural response.

“The site has a long history in terms of its inevitable transformation and when we came in, we took inspiration from the idea of reestablishing a sense of the site’s natural terrain and fall. Our scheme aims to integrate with the terrain and the landscape, using the undulating site to slowly reveal glimpses and views of the harbour. The rotation of the tower off grid means every apartment has a view and is naturally cross ventilated. The building's colour palette is quintessentially Sydney, with bronze and sandstone and a luminescent green colour in the glass, making it very earthy and grounded in its location.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6399]

Inside the residences, the emphasis moves toward larger-format living typically associated with standalone homes. Kitchens sit at the centre of the apartments, connecting directly to open-plan dining and living areas before extending outward into expansive winter gardens and balconies. Calacatta marble, bespoke joinery, integrated appliances, and custom metal detailing are used throughout, while three distinct interior palettes, Terrace, Opera, and Harbour, allow buyers to personalise the spaces without compromising the architectural consistency of the project.

The larger residences place particular attention on separation between entertaining and private zones. In many apartments, master suites occupy the outer corners of the floorplates, allowing bedrooms to benefit from floor-to-ceiling glazing and harbour outlooks independent of the living spaces. Dressing rooms and ensuites continue the material palette through fluted detailing, freestanding baths, and layered stone finishes.

Rothelowman says the design intent centred on creating homes that feel enduring rather than transient.

“Our philosophy is all about the way people live in these spaces, and we wanted to create homes that reflect the quality of life in this unique Sydney location. The apartments showcase expansive living spaces that are generous, sophisticated, and bold, with the ability to connect with views throughout each apartment.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=353235]

A separate four-storey amenity building known as The Pavilion expands the residential offering beyond the apartments themselves. Positioned alongside the tower, the building consolidates wellness, recreation, and social spaces into a dedicated resident retreat. Facilities include a 20-metre rooftop pool and sundeck, sauna, spa, ice bath, wellness studio, gymnasium, concierge service, wine cellar, residents’ lounge, private dining spaces, and dedicated co-working areas with meeting rooms and boardroom facilities.

The amenity mix reflects the buyer profile emerging in North Sydney, where owner-occupiers and downsizers are increasingly prioritising convenience, apartment scale, and long-term usability over purely investment-driven decisions.

The Walden also represents a significant milestone for ALAND, marking the company’s first major move into Sydney’s inner-city luxury apartment market after more than two decades delivering large-scale residential communities across Greater Sydney. Founder Andrew Hrsto says the Walker Street site stood apart because of both its positioning and its rarity.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6390]

“As a company, we had been searching for a site in one of Sydney’s blue-chip locations, spanning the Eastern Suburbs, the Sydney CBD and the North Shore, and when we had the opportunity to purchase this site, we immediately recognised that it could be something iconic.”

At launch, The Walden recorded more than $103 million in sales, with buyers drawn to the project’s harbour positioning, apartment scale, and proximity to the Metro, which now connects North Sydney to Barangaroo in three minutes and Martin Place in five.

ALAND has commenced construction, and is expecting a completion date in 2028.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134323]

Staff reporter

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