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GUEST OBSERVATION
The question of opening the Northern Territory and South Australia to fracking has re-ignited concerns about environmental and health impacts.
Receiving less attention are the social and economic changes affecting nearby rural communities from this natural gas development and the social stress that can result.
From 2012, I led a team analysing trends in key social and economic indicators over the past 15 years in Queensland’s largely agricultural Darling Downs, where over A$20 billion has been invested in coal seam gas (CSG) development since 2011. We also interviewed and talked with over 200 residents and business owners. Social stress emerged as the most visible health impact of this coal seam gas development.
Social consequences
Staff in both government and the gas industry agree that stress is an important impact. Our findings are reinforced by studies in the Darling Downs by numerous researchers and research students as well as extensive work in North America on resource boomtowns.
One resident said that the region had been “hit by three significant events – extended drought, local government amalgamation, and coal seam gas development”.
Residents in community meetings expressed concern about potential effects of coal seam gas development on the amount and quality of groundwater and about possible health impacts.
Their concerns were compounded by low levels of trust in the oil and gas industry and a mix of distrust and trust in the government regulator’s ability to manage the industry. This lack of confidence can contribute to psycho-social stress.
Population
The coal seam gas construction phase in the Darling Downs brought migration and an increased pace of work. That made informal emotional support harder to find as “social capital” had declined.
We were told of older, stalwart residents selling their homes at the premium prices brought by the development boom. Grandparents who had provided temporary childcare left as more women entered the workforce. At the same time, the number of childcare staff fell when the Commonwealth government boosted the required qualifications.
Population turnover increased, according to ABS statistics, from 10-15% per year before the CSG boom to 15-20% per year during the boom. The number of nonresident workers peaked in 2014 at over 9,000 for the Western Downs local government area, which has 30,000 residents.
Arguments about whether the CSG development was good or bad for the community exacerbated a decline in the number and strength of bonds among residents. Interviews suggest that these arguments – both in the gasfield towns and within Aboriginal groups along the gas pipeline route – split neighbours and families.
Business
Business and employment opportunities with the resource industry reduced financial stress for some but increased it for others. Tax statistics show that net business income in Chinchilla outside the agricultural sector grew from A$5.8 million in 2011-2012 to A$29 million in 2012-2013. Wage and salary earnings for the town’s 7,000-plus residents rose from A$132 million in 2010-2011 to A$213 million in 2012-2013.
Many business owners faced longer opening hours, a need to pay higher wages, greater turnover among staff and uncertainties about whether to invest in more capacity.
Resource sector incomes were seen to be significantly higher than those in agriculture, education, police, health and social services. There is a two-speed economy here, residents noted. Studies in organisations suggest that this sort of sense of unfairness contributes to psycho-social stress.
Housing costs
The construction phase for coal seam gas development resulted in a surge in housing costs. Rents rose dramatically in Chinchilla, where 20-30% of residents live in rental housing. Median rent on a three-bedroom house went from A$280 per week in 2011 to A$400 per week in 2013. That is despite most industry staff and tier-one contractors living in camps outside the town. Lower-income families moved away.
The rate of construction of new housing climbed. Chinchilla had 106 residential building approvals in 2011. That more than doubled to 252 in 2014, just as the CSG construction phase ended.
Overbuilding caused rents to plummet. Median rent on a three-bedroom house fell below where the historic trend said it should be, to A$200 per week in 2016. Low rents attracted families on government support. Their numbers increased 65% in a two-year period, according to Centrelink statistics.
Drug arrests
Drug arrests had bottomed out at 4.3 per thousand population in 2012 during the coal seam gas construction boom. By 2016, this figure climbed to 35 arrests per 1,000, well above the Queensland trend. The number of police on the street heightened concern among Chinchilla’s residents, interviews revealed.
So, one can see a distribution of economic benefits but also a distribution of social stresses accompanying development of this resource infrastructure. Psycho-social stress can accumulate when changes cause a drop in “social capital”, reducing informal support, and when there is less access to, or use of, mental health services. Prolonged stress can contribute to cardiovascular disease and decreased immune function.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/95216/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">Further investigation can identify how best to provide the needed duty of care for rural communities near such resource development.
Will Rifkin, Chair in Applied Regional Economics and Director, Hunter Research Foundation Centre, University of Newcastle
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/fracking-can-cause-social-stress-in-nearby-areas-new-research-95216" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

New research says fracking can cause social stress in nearby areas: Will Rifkin

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This week, all of the busiest suburbs for auctions are in Victoria.
Hoppers Crossing tops the list with 21 homes scheduled to go to under the hammer, followed by Craigieburn with 18 scheduled auctions, while Port Melbourne, Reservoir and Richmond each have 16 scheduled auctions.
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Upcoming auctions
This week, the number of auctions scheduled to take place across the combined capital cities is expected to rise, with 2,342 currently being tracked by CoreLogic, increasing from the 1,799 auctions held last week at final results and similar to the volume of auctions held over the same week last year (2,350).
Both Melbourne and Sydney is expected to see an increase in activity this week, with 1,218 homes scheduled for auction across Melbourne, while Sydney is set to host 737 auctions, increasing on the 914 and 588 auctions held last week respectively.
All of the smaller auction markets will also see a higher volume of auctions this week compared to last.
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A Hoppers Crossing three bedroom house priced at $570,000-$610,000 has been scheduled for auction on April 28 (pictured below).
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-vic-hoppers+crossing-128010758" target="_blank">Located at 4 Stafford Street</a>, the Victorian home comes with formal and informal living areas, large open plan kitchen/meals/living and covered outdoor BBQ alfresco.
Other features include modern second bathroom, polished floorboards, and lock up garage with additional parking for a boat, caravan or trailer.
Positoned on the 633sqm block, it is only minutes to shopping transport and freeway access.
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Another Hoppers Crossing three bedroom has been scheduled for auction on April 28 with a price guide of $400,000 to $440,000 (pictured below).
It is listed by Austin Skilton and Paul Nuske from Professionals Triwest Real Estate.
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-vic-hoppers+crossing-127992962" target="_blank">Situated at 133 Bethany Road</a>, it comes with three bedrooms,  separate living and dining areas, and secure rear yard with lovely established gardens.
Extra features include ducted heating, split system air conditioning, and single remote garage with direct internal entry.
Opposite parklands, it is close to schools, shopping centres, sports facilities and public transport.
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Another two bedroom unit priced at $330,000-$360,000 also has been scheduled for auction on Saturday (pictured below).
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-unit-vic-hoppers+crossing-128016798" target="_blank">Positioned at 12 The Glades</a>, Hoppers Crossing, it features two bedrooms,  lounge space with an abundance of natural light, double car garage and landscaped backyard.
It is within walking distance of Pacific Werribee Shopping Centre, Cambridge Primary School, Heathdale College, transport, parks, walking trails and more.
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Summary of Last Week’s results
Last week, the final auction clearance rate increased to 62.2% after the week prior saw the final clearance rate drop to its lowest level seen over the year-to-date, returning a 61.7% success rate. In retrospect both clearance rates and auction volumes across the combined capitals have remained relatively steady over each of the last 3 weeks, with clearance rates consistently in the low 60% range and volumes around the 1,800- 1,900 level.
Melbourne and Sydney returned an equal 63.6% auction clearance rate last week, both recording an increase on the week prior when 62.4% of Melbourne auctions cleared and a 61.5% success rate was recorded across Sydney. Looking at volume of auctions, Melbourne recorded a slightly higher volume week-on-week with 914 held, increasing on the 873 the previous week, while Sydney saw a fall in activity with 588 auctions held, down on the 795 auction held the week prior.
The performance across the smaller auction markets were mixed last week, with clearances rates improving in Brisbane and Tasmania, while Adelaide, Canberra and Perth all saw a fall in the final clearance rate over the week.
Of the non-capital city regions, Geelong recorded the highest clearance rate with 85.3% of auctions clearing last week.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/4/26/auction%203.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:
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<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/4/26/auction%204.jpg" target="_blank">Click here </a>to enlarge:
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Hoppers Crossing tops weekend auction offerings: CoreLogic

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Jensen, a suburb in the City of Townsville, has witnessed one of Queensland's biggest stock increases.
Investar suggests its sale stock has grown by 183%, from 18 houses this time last year to its current 51 offerings. 
It is followed by Logan Reserve with 159% growth and Bahrs Scrub with 135% growth.
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A Jensen four bedroom house was sold at $395,000 in March. 
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-qld-jensen-126740902" target="_blank">The 18 Power Court</a> (pictured above)<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-qld-jensen-126740902" target="_blank"> </a>home has four bedrooms, spacious kitchen, separate lounge and large patio.
On a 4016 square metre block, it is only a walking distance to both Primary and Secondary Schools, childcare centres, and minutes to a variety of shops including Woolworths, Coles, and Medical Centre.
Another offering currently on the market is a Mount Kulburn Drive four bedroom house priced at high $500,000's negotiable (pictured below).
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-qld-jensen-127190650">Set in the Gated 'Sea View Park' Estate</a>, the 32/20 Mount Kulburn Drive home comes with four bedrooms, open plan living/dining/kitchen, and deck with views. 
It also comes with pool Area that features a fully self-contained pool house / granny-flat.
It is only 25 mins to CBD.
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Jensen sees Queensland's biggest stock increase in housing

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Many have mixed feelings about the 2018 outlook for the South Australian property market, the latest report by valuers Herron Todd White (HTW) noted.
An increase in the median price appears to be underpinned by the inner ring whilst the outer suburbs maintain slow growth and in some instances negative growth. 
HTW are paying close attention to the labour market, foreign investment and interest rates as these appear to be the issues which will have the biggest bearing on the South Australian property market in 2018.
Over the past decade, the South Australian jobs market has undergone significant changes with a move away from traditional manufacturing based industries.
This has included a number of well publicised closures, in particular the Holden manufacturing plant in the northern suburb of Elizabeth, the announcement by Tenneco that jobs will be lost at the Monroe shock absorber plant in the southern suburb of O’Sullivan Beach and an announcement by Coca-Cola Amatil that their Thebarton bottling plant will be closing in 2019.
Consequently, the South Australian unemployment rate has risen to the second highest in the nation at 6% as at January 2018 (source: Australian Bureau of Statistics).
This has affected populations in the middle to the outer ring, particularly the northern, southern and western suburbs which have the largest proportion of those employed in the manufacturing industry.
Within these regions, Seaton to the west, Morphett Vale to the south and the greater area of Elizabeth to the north provide a good snapshot of general market parameters given their large volume of annual turnover.
Seaton is a large western suburb located approximately 11 kilometres from the Adelaide CBD.
The suburb comprises a north and south section with Royal Adelaide Golf Club situated in the centre of the suburb. Data from the December 2017 quarter indicates the median dwelling price to be $505,000 (source: Real Estate Institute of South Australia (REISA)) which is a 3.8% increase from the same period in 2016.
The majority of dwelling transactions during 2017 occurred within the $400,000 to $600,000 price range (source: CoreLogic).
The recent sale of 10 Raymond Avenue, Seaton for $510,000 provides an indication of what can be purchased within this bracket.
This is a circa 1960s, 3-bedroom, 1-bathroom dwelling situated on an allotment of 757 square metres (pictured below).
It was sold by Attilio Cavuoto and Michael Cavuoto from Ray White.
<a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-sa-seaton-127369422" target="_blank">Located at 10 Raymond Avenue</a>, the property has been partially updated internally and features a large pergola, carport and vinyl in-ground pool.
It is within easy reach of many amenities that include Westfield West Lakes, schools, transport (bus &amp; train) and local various shops.
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Seaton provides greater affordability than the similarly located suburbs of Fulham, Fulham Gardens and Kidman Park.
Morphett Vale is located approximately 26 kilometres south of the Adelaide CBD.
Development consists of mainly 1970s housing with further development occurring during the 1990s.
Morphett Vale has shown gradual year on year price growth since 2013. In 2017, there were 440 dwelling transactions in Morphett Vale. With the current median house price being $312,500 (source: REISA), Morphett Vale had a 1.54% increase in the median house price from the December 2016 quarter to the December 2017 quarter (source: REISA).
Having such a high turnover of sales provides a reliable indicator as to how the general market is faring in the middle and outer southern suburbs.
Dwelling values within the northern suburbs, particularly those surrounding Elizabeth Central, approximately 28 kilometres north of the Adelaide CBD, have historically fluctuated.
It’s noted that Elizabeth East, Elizabeth Park, Elizabeth Grove, Elizabeth South and Elizabeth Vale have all recorded reductions in their median house prices in the past 12 months. Rental yields remain strong in these areas with gross yields hovering around 6% to 7%.
An example of this is <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-sa-elizabeth+east-126756382" target="_blank">38 Ballard Street, Elizabeth East</a> which settled in December 2017 for $181,000 (pictured below).
This property is now let for $275 per week indicating gross yield of 7.1%.
Positioned on an 801 sqm block, it comes with three bedrooms with built in robes, updated kitchen, spacious lounge and garden sheds.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/4/6/ballard%20st.jpg" alt="">
The middle to the outer ring has historically had a higher number of first home buyers and investors who are typically mortgage holders.
At the March meeting of the Reserve Bank of Australia, the cash rate was left at a continued record low of 1.5%.
There has been continual speculation as to when the cash rate will be lifted, with some lenders taking their own measures through 2017 and lifting their lending rates. Media coverage of doom and gloom scenarios surrounding interest rate rises has put this issue in the forefront of mortgage holders’ minds, the recent HTW report noted.
If this scenario was to play out, the middle to the outer ring could be the first market segment to show signs of stress.
Despite these market pressures, Adelaide’s median house price reached a record high of $465,000 in the December 2017 quarter.
Agents have indicated that there has been significant interest in the inner ring from local, interstate and overseas purchasers.
The $500,000 to $1 million price bracket is considered to have had the most upwards pressure through the back end of 2017 and into early 2018.
Comparatively to the surrounding suburbs, good buying can be found in Linden Park which is located approximately six kilometres south-east of the Adelaide CBD where the median house price currently sits at $989,444.
This suburb is characterised by early to mid-1900s dwellings on allotments of 600 square metres plus with a mixture of more recent infill development.
The surrounding suburbs of Tusmore, Toorak Gardens and Beaumont have similar characteristics and have median prices at December 2017 of $1.32 million, $1.507 million and $1.012 million respectively.
The CBD apartment market has shown significant growth over the past 12 months, rising from a median of $434,000 in January 2017 to $505,150 in December 2017.
Data supplied by Core Logic indicates that 2017 had the largest number of CBD apartment transactions on record with 646 transactions.
HTW noted that a large proportion of these transactions have come from off the plan sales contracted throughout 2014 to 2016 which have now settled on completion of construction. There has been a significant amount of foreign investment in this market.
The CBD apartment market will be monitored as the government enforces increased regulations on foreign investment.
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Adelaide has a two-speed residential market: HTW

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A renovation to the food court at Australia Fair shopping centre in Southport, which started in January, has been completed.
The renovation to the central food court area, which not been renovated since 1995, was stage one of its $25 million-dollar revitalisation project.
The cafeteria-style layout has a new floor plan featuring a mix of lounge style bench seating, high bars, upgraded amenities and pendant lighting.
Australia Fair general manager Ramon Otten said works to the were the most recent in a major phase of the centre’s redevelopment project, which also includes a revitalised Scarborough Street entrance, ground floor concourse and new-look Coles.
“Following on from the successful redevelopment of Coles, together with the Scarborough Street entrance and ground floor concourse, we are excited to unveil the next stage of Australia Fair’s revitalisation, being the new-look central food court,” Otten said.
“The transformation will see customers enjoy a selection of international dining options, from fresh salads, sushi and Vietnamese, as well as new furniture and facilities, as the iconic Broadwater facing food court becomes a modern dining precinct that exudes a strong coastal ambience with a contemporary new-look.”
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Otten said a variety of bench seating and phone charging stations have been installed as part of the revitalised food court’s new offerings, in addition to Free Wi-Fi, now available throughout the precinct, and four large televisions, set to air Foxtel.
The ceilings of the food court have been replaced with new plasterboard and feature battens, while the amenities have also received a cosmetic refurbishment including new tiling, partitions and fixtures.
Otten said feedback from shoppers on the new Scarborough Street frontage, Coles Australia Fair and the ground floor concourse had been ‘extremely positive’, following its official unveiling in November last year.
“Stage one of the revitalisation project has already been extremely well-received by our shoppers, who have provided positive feedback on the new look and feel to this part of the Centre,” he said.
“We have carried on the same vibe through to the new-look food court, which will also complement our popular alfresco dining precinct, Australia Fair Metro.
“This is in line with our commitment to improving the Centre’s overall customer experience.”
Other new food tenancies that have recently joined include Vintage Grind, Uncle Bills, Stellar Vietnamese Street Food and U Grill.
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Australia Fair completes stage one of $25 million revitalisation

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A Goolwa Beach two bedroom house on 980 square metres has been sold for $165,100 by mortgagees.
The South Australian home was sold by Peter O'Brien and Julie Payne from LJ Hooker - Goolwa.
Located in the quiet town with no through traffic, the home at <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-house-sa-goolwa+beach-127785630" target="_blank">1 Sexton Street </a>house comes with two bedrooms, fully fenced rear yard and separate two-bay garages.
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It was last traded for $90,000 in 2002.
According to CoreLogic, the suburb's median house price sits on $315,000.
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Goolwa Beach, SA house sold by mortgagee

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The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) announced plans today to remove the investor loan growth benchmark which was introduced in late 2014.
It intends to replace it with more permanent measures which it suggests with continue strengthened lending standards.
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The benchmark on interest-only lending, established in March 2017, will continue to apply until further notice. 
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The 10 per cent benchmark on investor loan growth was a temporary measure, introduced in 2014 as part of a range of actions to reduce higher risk lending and improve practices.
Since then APRA said authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs) have taken steps to improve the quality of lending, raise standards and increase capital resilience.
APRA has written to ADIs today to advise that it is now prepared to remove the investor growth benchmark, where the board of an ADI is able to provide assurance on the strength of their lending standards.
But any return to more rapid rates of investor loan growth would raise concerns.
"Such an environment could lead APRA to consider the need to apply the counter-cyclical capital buffer or some other industry-wide measure," it warned lenders. 
For the 10 per cent benchmark to no longer apply, lenders will be expected to confirm that:
<ul>
<li>lending has been below the investor loan growth benchmark for at least the past 6 months;</li>
<li>lending policies meet APRA’s guidance on serviceability; and</li>
<li>lending practices will be strengthened where necessary.</li>
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As with previous housing-related measures, this approach has been taken in close consultation with the other members of the Council of Financial Regulators. With risks in the environment remaining heightened, it will be important for ADIs to maintain prudent standards and close any remaining gaps in lending practices.
APRA Chairman Wayne Byres said that while the announcement reflects improvements that ADIs have made to lending standards, there is more to do to strengthen the assessment of borrower expenses and existing debt commitments, and the oversight of lending outside of policy. 
"The temporary benchmark on investor loan growth has served its purpose. Lending growth has moderated, standards have been lifted and oversight has improved. However, the environment remains one of heightened risk and there are still some practices that need to be further strengthened. APRA is therefore seeking assurances from ADI Boards that they will maintain a firm grip on the prudence of both policies and practices." 
For ADIs that do not provide the required commitments to APRA, the investor loan growth benchmark will continue to apply.
As part of these measures, APRA also expects ADIs to develop internal portfolio limits on the proportion of new lending at very high debt-to-income levels, and policy limits on maximum debt-to-income levels for individual borrowers. This provides a simple backstop to complement the more complex and detailed serviceability calculation for individual borrowers, and takes into account the total borrowings of an applicant, rather than just the specific loan being applied for.
"In the current environment, APRA supervisors will continue to closely monitor any changes in lending standards.
"The benchmark on interest-only lending will also continue to apply. APRA will consider the need for further changes to its approach as conditions evolve, in consultation with the other members of the Council of Financial Regulators," Mr Byres said.
 
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APRA moves to ease 10% lender growth restrictions

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Public discussion of rail links to airports has been narrowly focused on the idea of a single line and where to run it. In Melbourne, the politics of this debate has so far prevented a railway from being built, because it is not possible for one line to meet all of the landside access needs of the airport. The issue of rail access for a new western Sydney airport has also not been resolved.
If we want anything to happen at all, we must move beyond barracking for one or other route. We have to recognise the need for multiple lines to serve everyone’s needs.
If we look further afield, of the world’s top 20 airports, 16 have rail access, 14 have integrated metros (i.e. part of the commuter rail network) and four have dedicated express lines as well as integrated metro lines (London Heathrow, Tokyo Haneda, Shanghai Pudong and Bangkok Suvarnabhumi).
In terms of passenger demand, Shanghai Pudong and Bangkok Suvarnabhumi were comparable in 2012 with where Melbourne will be in 2019. London and Bangkok have populations of around 8 million, have other airports and have much greater numbers of passengers transferring within them than Melbourne Airport, but the most salient comparison is the means of landslide access.
We’ll look more closely at Heathrow, one of the more comparable airports to Melbourne, later in this article.
The political divide on a rail link
The history of planning for a Melbourne Airport rail link has been dogged by party-political differences focused on the idea of a single railway and the question of its route out to Tullamarine. Traditionally, the Coalition parties have favoured the express proposals, while the Labor Party has preferred alignments that benefit local commuters.
This difference and the impossibility of resolving it with a single line would be one of the reasons we have so far not gone to the bother of actually building anything. It has also distracted attention from more incremental ways to improve landside access to the airport beyond the SkyBus. Its market is similar to the main targets of the express route proponents.
The most recent express proposal is the AirTrain by the highly respected Rail Futures Institute (RFI). It’s part of a bold plan to separate Victorian regional services from the metropolitan commuter network. This would eventually provide statewide fast rail services, including a 15-minute ride between the airport and Southern Cross Station in the city centre.
The benefits of and urgent need for RFI’s AirTrain proposal are clear. But it still won’t solve all of Melbourne Airport’s landside access demands, nor will it have the city-shaping potential in the northwest region between Tullamarine and the CBD that’s driving the ideas for an airport metro service.
Prime Minister Malcom Turnbull’s embrace of these ideas is a welcome change from his side of politics, as is Premier Daniel Andrews’ apparent support for RFI’s proposal. These are amusing reversals of political positions on airport access, but the community should not be swayed by the potential for wedging.
We can learn from Heathrow
To understand our predicament of airport access, comparisons with London’s Heathrow are useful. Many Australians know this airport and its landside access demands are far more similar to those of Melbourne Airport than may be imagined.
The Piccadilly Tube line was extended to Heathrow in 1977. That was a decade before it was serving over 30 million passengers comparable to what Melbourne airport was serving in 2013.
In 1998, Heathrow added a 15-minute express rail line to Paddington Station, when its landside access needs were about 40 million. That’s the demand Melbourne Airport is projected to hit in 2019. When London’s Elizabeth line (formerly CrossRail) opens next year, it will connect Heathrow to a major east-west line similar to the Melbourne Metro.
In 2028, Melbourne Airport is projected to hit the same level of landside access demand as Heathrow experienced in 2017. Currently, 40% of passengers using Heathrow do so via public transport – 27% via rail, 13% via bus or coach. And 35% of airport staff use public transport, and this is rising.
Heathrow has 13 public bus lines, 27 coach services and three railway services - the stopping-all-stations commuter service on the Piccadilly line and two levels of express service at premium ticket prices on regional railways (which will be subsumed by CrossRail).
By comparison, even though it is one of the world’s busiest, Melbourne Airport has a mere four public buses, some regional coaches and private express bus services. As a result, 86% of access is by car, including 17% by taxi or limo. SkyBus would take the lion’s share of the 14% bus/coach access.
What do these comparisons tell us?
These comparisons show how much more can be done to improve public transport access to Melbourne Airport, in the short, medium and long term. Melbourne Airport needs express as well as commuter rail access, but it needs more than this.
A wider spread of frequent public buses would be easy to implement. Extending the 59 tram service by 7km from Airport West would also be relatively quick and easy. Light rail lines to the airport from La Trobe University and Deer Park would provide much-needed connections to the main commuter rail system in parts of the metropolitan area where public transport is far worse than average.
A genuine commuter metro to the airport would not try to be an express. It would have stations that connect the major and emerging employment centres, such as Airport West, Essendon Fields, Niddrie, Highpoint, Footscray Hospital and Victoria University, and heavy rail stations at Arden and North Melbourne, before connecting with Southern Cross and then Bourke Street, Parliament Station and on to those eastern suburbs where metro services have long been planned.
Such a line would help with the redevelopment of Commonwealth land in Maribyrnong. In fact, without it, redevelopment would not be viable.
The politics of airport access need to be shifted away from focusing on whether one rail route is better than another to the need for a comprehensive transport plan integrated with land use that shows how we can shape our city and our state for a better future.
Ian Woodcock, Lecturer, School of Global, Urban &amp; Social Studies, RMIT University.
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/melbourne-airport-is-going-to-be-as-busy-as-heathrow-so-why-the-argument-about-one-train-line-95289" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Melbourne Airport is going to be as busy as Heathrow, so why the argument about one train line?

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Residential property prices are expected to slump by about 8%, according to investment bank Morgan Stanley.
The macro-prudential controls, rising funding and compliance costs and tougher approvals checks on property investors will also contribute to loan growth falling from 6% to 4%, it warns.  
"The risk is skewed to the downside given an increasing focus on responsible lending," the Australian Financial Review reports. 
"The banks' modelling suggests the likely decline in prices will continue throughout 2018," the report noted adding the fall will be in "high single digits". 
Both the quantity and availability of credit is the key constraint on growth, the report states.
"With national prices down 1.5% from the peak late last year, it is clear the housing market has turned," the report states.
"But in contrast with others in the market who view the worst as behind us, we expect prices to fall further throughout 2018, as credit availability is tightened further and a stretched consumer reassesses the outlook.
"While the backlog of approvals not yet completed remains high, we expect some projects to be shelved given tighter credit conditions."
However ANZ economists have suggested “the worst is behind” the property market predicting a 2 per cent gain in 2018 and 4 per cent next year.
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The worst is not behind us: Morgan Stanley's tip 8% price decline

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An AMP planner ran a secret property advocacy business while advising clients to source investment properties from his firm, the banking royal commission has been told.
AMP planner Adam Palmer advised several of his clients to set up self managed super funds to buy investment properties through Property Saint of which he owned 60 per cent.
AMP had hired Palmer in May 2013 despite knowing Palmer had been found to have given poor advice previously.
AMP was also told ahead of Mr Palmer’s employment that the planner had been found by Financial Ombudsman Service in 2009 to have provided inappropriate advice to a client by recommending they invest in Basis Capital.
Basis Capital’s high risk Basis Yield hedge fund collapsed in 2008.
AMP did not conduct an audit of his advice until July 2014 when it was revealed he had at least 10 clients not told of his conflict of interest involving Property Saint.
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<div id="adspot-970x250_728x90-pos2" class="undefined _2rioU" data-google-query-id="CNz3l7Sk0NoCFUxolgodQXUCfQ">
<div id="google_ads_iframe_/21671780509/theage/business/bankingandfinance/bankingroyalcommission_3__container__">AMP was yet to notify Mr Palmer's clients, the royal commission heard.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Property Saint is a Licensed Real Estate Agency that specialises in buying the right property for our clients and property management.</div>
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Property Saint has industry expertise and great customer service. Its real estate sales are facilitated with a Vendor Advocacy service delivering "excellent results."
Established in 2013, Property Saint claimed its provided "an easy solution for clients to buy property for investments and for primary residence." 
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AMP head of advice compliance Sarah Britt told the royal commission AMP would start reviewing Mr Palmer's client files.
"Ideally we would be compensating them now," Ms Britt said, Fairfax Media reported.
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Senior counsel assisting the commission Rowena Orr, QC, grilled Ms Britt about Mr Palmer's advice to clients.
“Do you accept that Mr Palmer’s conduct was dishonest,” Ms Orr asked Ms Britt.
Ms Britt said: “I accept obviously that it’s a matter of grave concern that the adviser hasn’t disclosed his interest in this property business… I accept that it could be interpreted as dishonest.”
AMP also decided to not tell Mr Palmer's new employer Dover Financial Group of Mr Palmer's breaches. ASIC later conducted a review of Mr Palmer’s files at Dover and found multiple breaches of the Corporations Act.
According to ASIC's register of financial advisers, Mr Palmer remains a planner for Dover.
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AMP planner ran Property Saint property advocacy

The Gold Coast economy has grown by 25 per cent since 2020/21 to surpass $55 billion, but perhaps the more significant story is what sits behind the headline number.

For decades, the Gold Coast has been viewed through the lens of tourism, lifestyle and population growth. The latest State of the City Report suggests that perception is increasingly out of step with reality.

Released by Invest Gold Coast, the report ranks the Gold Coast as Australia's largest non-capital city economy and, perhaps more notably, second nationally behind Sydney for Economic Complexity, a measure that assesses the diversity and sophistication of an economy.

It's a result that places the Gold Coast ahead of Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide, highlighting the extent to which the city's economic base has broadened beyond its traditional industries.

Today, the Gold Coast supports more than 350,000 jobs, is home to over 83,000 businesses and generates $19 billion in annual exports. Manufacturing now accounts for 62 per cent of international export growth, while sectors including health, education, advanced manufacturing, technology and professional services are becoming increasingly important contributors to the local economy.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=372547]

Gold Coast Mayor Tom Tate said the report confirmed the city's evolution into one of Australia's most significant economies.

"The Gold Coast economy continues to grow at an incredible pace. This is no surprise to those of us who have watched the evolution up close," Mayor Tate said.

"As one of the most entrepreneurial, investment driven and opportunity focused economies in the country our ambition has been realised and possibilities are endless.

"The Gold Coast has built a reputation as the city that says yes. We say yes to investment, yes to opportunity and yes to people who want to build something.

"It's this mindset helping us drive major growth across health, advanced manufacturing, screen production, marine, technology and the knowledge economy."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360975]

While population growth has been one of the defining stories of the past decade, the report points to a broader economic transformation taking place.

The city's knowledge economy now contributes $7.9 billion annually and supports around 31,000 jobs, while the health and wellbeing sector contributes $5.2 billion and employs more than 42,000 people. Together, the six priority sectors identified in the report account for almost $24 billion in economic output and more than 145,000 jobs.

One of the strongest examples is the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct at Southport. The 200-hectare precinct now contains more than $5 billion worth of health, education, research and innovation infrastructure and supports over 16,000 jobs.

The report also highlights the growing role of advanced manufacturing, particularly in aerospace, defence and modular construction.

Gold Coast-based Gilmour Space Technologies recently became the first Australian commercial company to attempt an orbital launch, while companies including Modscape and ModnPods are helping establish the Yatala-Stapylton corridor as one of Australia's fastest-growing advanced manufacturing hubs.

The city's entrepreneurial culture is also translating into business growth.

Since 2019/20, the number of businesses operating on the Gold Coast has increased by 22 per cent, while firms employing more than 200 people have grown by 80 per cent. The report suggests the next challenge is converting more local start-ups and medium-sized businesses into nationally significant companies.

Development activity remains another key indicator of confidence.

There are currently more than $23 billion worth of major projects underway across the Gold Coast, supported by a record 75 active cranes, a figure that now exceeds Brisbane and represents a 150 per cent increase since 2016.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112024 project_image_fid=343235]

Importantly, the report notes the next phase of investment will need to extend beyond residential development.

While 93 per cent of crane activity is currently tied to housing, Invest Gold Coast argues future investment will increasingly need to focus on cultural, civic, infrastructure and industry-enabling projects that strengthen the city's long-term economic resilience.

Invest Gold Coast Chair Will Hodgman said the city was now benefiting from years of economic diversification.

"What is happening on the Gold Coast is the result of the city's economic base broadening, fuelled by industries with long-term, high-growth potential," Mr Hodgman said.

"This is no longer a secondary Australian economy, the Gold Coast is becoming a globally connected city with deeper capability across health, knowledge and creative industries, advanced manufacturing, technology and exports."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365786]

Looking ahead, the Gold Coast's population is projected to exceed one million residents by 2046.

For a city that was once largely defined by tourism and lifestyle, the latest figures suggest the Gold Coast is becoming something more significant, one of Australia's most diverse and economically sophisticated urban economies, and increasingly one that national and international investors can no longer afford to overlook.

Joel Robinson

75 cranes, $23 billion pipeline and a $55 billion economy: Inside the Gold Coast economic boom

Ron Bakir's Homecorp has sold more than 75 per cent of the apartments in its wellness-driven Florence Residences in Surfers Paradise following its first weekend release.

The <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/florence-residences-24-monte-carlo-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">26-storey project on Monte Carlo Avenue</a>, which commenced construction earlier this year, has seen a flurry of buyers secure their slice of the Gold Coast's latest wellbeing-focused offering in one of the nation's most competitive property markets.

Since the pandemic, the Gold Coast's population has grown by more than 11 per cent, a rate approximately four times faster than Sydney's, driven largely by lifestyle changes and interstate migration. While buyer activity has moderated in some markets nationally, demand for newly built dwellings on the Gold Coast continues to gain momentum as purchasers increasingly prioritise lifestyle, amenity, wellbeing, liveability and long-term investment potential.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372743]

Homecorp CEO Ron Bakir says buyers today are looking for more than just a home.

"What we are seeing is a shift in how people define value in property," Bakir says.

"What attracts residents to new developments is a desire for more than just a residence. They are looking for a place that complements their lifestyle, supports their wellbeing and reflects the way they want to live into the future.

"Lifestyle, longevity, proactive health, wellbeing, connection and a sense of community are increasingly shaping purchasing decisions, particularly on the Gold Coast, where these factors continue to be a major drawcard."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372744]

Bakir says Homecorp is responding to this shift through an approach that places greater emphasis on design, amenity and experience working together to create places that feel considered, connected and enduring in value.

Inspired by Eastern European design, Florence Residences will comprise 120 apartments alongside a private residents-only wellness club featuring a resort-style rooftop pool, hot and cold plunge pools, a spa retreat, contemporary gymnasium, and a spacious yoga and Pilates studio.

The development will also feature a residents-only lounge with private dining facilities and a rooftop bar, premium outdoor entertaining areas, a hotel-style lobby lounge, generous bike parking, and pet-friendly amenities including a heated dog wash.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372742]

A limited number of apartments remain available, with an exclusive collection of four-bedroom sub-penthouses set to be released in the coming months.

Florence is one of the latest additions to Homecorp's expanding multi-billion-dollar property portfolio, which also includes plans for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/homecorp-lodges-plans-for-260-million-moroccan-bathhouse-inspired-tower-in-budds-beach">$260 million development in Budds Beach</a> tailored to the growing wellness market.

A development application has been lodged for a 27-storey, 156-residence tower at 8–10 Acacia Avenue and 25–27 Oak Avenue, featuring a residents-only Moroccan spa-inspired sanctuary.

Apartments at Florence Residences are priced from $1,249,000, with construction expected to be completed by late 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=150414]

Buyers rush to Homecorp's Florence Residences as Gold Coast wellness trend gains momentum

The NSW Government has expanded its $1 billion Pre-sale Finance Guarantee program, broadening access for affordable housing providers and smaller residential developments as it seeks to accelerate housing delivery across the state.

The Minns Government says the program has already helped bring forward more than 600 homes across Sydney and regional NSW since launching in September 2025, with similar models now adopted in South Australia and Western Australia.

The latest changes, announced by Treasurer Daniel Mookhey and Minister for Planning and Public Spaces Paul Scully, are designed to improve access to finance for projects that have planning approval but are struggling to secure funding.

Among the key changes is an expansion of support for community housing providers. The program will now support up to 100 per cent affordable housing projects valued at up to $30 million when delivered by not-for-profit providers, while support for larger affordable housing developments will increase for projects worth up to $80 million.

The government says the changes will help accelerate the delivery of housing for low-income workers, older people, people living with disability, and those at risk of homelessness, while reducing reliance on direct grants or subsidised loans to bridge funding gaps.

The eligibility criteria for smaller residential developments have also been broadened. The previous $5 million minimum project value threshold has been removed and replaced with a requirement that projects deliver at least four homes.

Support has also increased for projects delivering fewer than 20 homes, with the guarantee now able to cover up to 75 per cent of dwellings in a development, capped at $30 million per project.

The changes are expected to particularly benefit smaller-scale and regional developments, which often face greater challenges meeting pre-sale requirements imposed by lenders.

Treasurer Daniel Mookhey said the scheme demonstrates how government can use its balance sheet to stimulate housing supply without relying solely on taxpayer-funded grants.

"The Pre-sale Finance Guarantee shows how this Government is using its balance sheet to reduce risk and unlock private investment, enabling new homes to move from design to construction faster," Mookhey said.

"This landmark reform allows us to deliver homes for working families at a lower cost to taxpayers, while also maintaining strong financial discipline."

Planning Minister Paul Scully said the program had already proven effective in bringing stalled projects to market.

"The Pre-sale Finance Guarantee has already proven it can unlock stalled projects and accelerate housing delivery by giving lenders the confidence they need to back good developments," Scully said.

"These changes will allow more affordable housing and smaller developments to access support so more homes can be built faster where communities need them most."

Housing Minister Rose Jackson said the expansion would help community housing providers overcome financing barriers that often delay projects.

"We know community housing providers are ready to build more homes, too often they're held back by barriers to finance," Jackson said.

"Expanding the Pre-sale Finance Guarantee helps remove those barriers so more affordable homes can get off the ground sooner."

The announcement was welcomed by the Property Council of Australia, which has long advocated for measures aimed at improving project feasibility and access to finance.

Property Council NSW Executive Director Katie Stevenson described the expansion as a practical intervention that addresses one of the most immediate constraints on housing delivery.

"This is exactly the kind of practical intervention we need right now, focused on getting projects out of the ground, not just approved," Stevenson said.

"It builds on a model the Property Council has worked closely with government to develop following calls for such a scheme ahead of last year's NSW Budget, so it's great to see it being expanded."

Stevenson said the reforms would help unlock projects that are ready to proceed but have been delayed by financing challenges. However, she noted that broader feasibility issues remain a significant barrier to increasing housing supply.

"The biggest challenge in NSW housing today is delivery. Too many projects have planning approval but are simply not financially viable to proceed under current settings," she said.

Speaking at the Property Council's NSW Housing Summit, Housing Minister Rose Jackson acknowledged that feasibility and financing pressures continue to constrain housing delivery, while reaffirming the government's commitment to work with industry on solutions.

Stevenson said the government's recognition of those challenges was encouraging ahead of next week's state budget.

"It's positive to see the government clearly recognising that feasibility pressures are now a binding constraint on supply," she said.

"With the Budget just days away, the focus must be on backing delivery, making sure projects stack up, finance can flow, and more homes can move from approval to construction."

The expanded Pre-sale Finance Guarantee forms part of the NSW Government's broader housing agenda, which also includes planning reforms, the NSW Housing Pattern Book, and a series of rezonings intended to increase housing capacity across the state.

NSW expands Pre-sale Finance Guarantee to unlock more affordable and regional housing

Design-led developer-builder Lowe Living has unveiled its latest residential development, Jardin House, marking its first foray into Melbourne's blue-chip City of Boroondara.

Located a short walk from Camberwell Junction, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/jardin-house-by-lowe-living-camberwell-335-camberwell-road-camberwell-vic-3124">Jardin House</a> has been designed to appeal to affluent local downsizers and established families seeking a low-maintenance alternative to the large homes that have long defined Camberwell and surrounding suburbs.

The project will comprise a collection of two and three-bedroom apartments ranging from 92 sqm to 280 sqm, alongside a limited number of penthouse residences featuring rooftop terraces spanning more than 100 sqm, with optional private pools.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372212]

Lowe Living Co-Founder and Managing Director Tim Lowe said Camberwell represented a natural next step for the developer as it expands into some of Melbourne's most tightly held residential markets.

"Jardin House is an important project for our team as it marks the next evolution of our portfolio into different well-established blue-chip pockets of Melbourne," Lowe said.

"Camberwell, with its incredible walkability, family-led neighbourhood feel and superb access to education and transport, makes it a natural choice for us."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372227]

Designed by Tristan Wong Architects, with interiors by Hecker Guthrie and landscaping by Acre, the development takes inspiration from the Art Deco architecture that remains a defining feature of many of Camberwell's established streets.

A curved facade, arched openings, textured brickwork and sculpted forms reference the suburb's architectural heritage, while extensive landscaping softens the building's presence and creates a strong connection to the surrounding tree-lined streetscape.

The project will be set behind a secure gated entrance, with residents arriving through landscaped gardens designed to create a transition between the public realm and private residences.

Inside, the residences feature natural stone and timber finishes, full-height glazing, Miele appliances and generous open-plan living areas designed for long-term owner occupation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372225]

While the apartments themselves have been designed to attract discerning owner-occupiers, it is the amenity offering that sets Jardin House apart from many other boutique projects currently launching across Melbourne.

The centrepiece is a 350 sqm private bathhouse curated in partnership with Aurora Spa &amp; Bathhouse founder Lyndall Mitchell.

The wellness precinct includes mineral pools, hydrotherapy experiences, a Himalayan salt room, sauna, steam room, cold plunge pools and dedicated relaxation spaces, creating what Lowe Living describes as a private wellness retreat exclusively for residents.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372222]

The collaboration follows Lowe Living's recent partnership with Aurora at Maison Savoy in Brighton, although Jardin House is the first project to incorporate both indoor and outdoor wellness experiences.

Emma Lowe, Co-Founder and Managing Director of Lowe Living, said wellness was becoming an increasingly important consideration for apartment buyers.

"Collaborating with Lyndall Mitchell from Aurora Spa &amp; Bathhouse for a second time is an intentional nod to creating residences that are more than just homes, but a way to enrich the lives of our residents through wellness and longevity," Lowe said.

The amenity offering is complemented by a Technogym fitness studio, residents' lounge, private dining spaces and concierge services.

The launch comes as developers increasingly target Melbourne's established eastern suburbs, where rising land values, ageing housing stock and growing downsizer demand are creating opportunities for boutique apartment projects.

Lowe said the company expects significant generational wealth transfer across suburbs such as Camberwell in coming years, creating further demand for luxury apartment living.

"Camberwell is a blue-chip suburb where homes regularly transact for multiple millions of dollars," he said.

"The generational change of wealth in these locations expected in the coming years is significant, so we see an opportunity to create exclusive residences that appeal to older families and downsizers in order to meet this demand."

Apartments at Jardin house start from $1,195,000. The project forms part of Lowe Living's near-$1 billion portfolio of new developments across Melbourne.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=146717]

Lowe Living launches Jardin House in Camberwell

As <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/north-sydney-nsw-2060">North Sydney</a> continues its transition from a commercial centre into a more layered residential and lifestyle precinct, a new generation of apartment developments is reshaping expectations around scale, amenity, and long-term liveability.

Improved transport connections through the Victoria Cross Metro, continued investment in dining and public spaces, and a constrained supply of new luxury apartments have sharpened demand for homes that combine proximity to the CBD with the privacy and outlook traditionally associated with harbourside houses.

At 177 Walker Street, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aland">ALAND</a>’s new apartment development <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-walden-north-sydney-177-walker-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">The Walden</a> enters the market with a distinctly residential approach to high-rise living. The 30-level tower will deliver 161 residences, ranging from one-bedroom apartments through to sub-penthouses and a full-floor penthouse, all oriented to capture uninterrupted views across Sydney Harbour, the Opera House, and out toward the Pacific Ocean.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6395]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a>, the project takes advantage of the site’s natural topography and elevated position above the harbour. Rather than relying on density alone, the architecture focuses on outlook, orientation, and spatial flow, with every apartment occupying a corner position to maximise natural light and cross ventilation.

Rothelowman says the site itself shaped much of the architectural response.

“The site has a long history in terms of its inevitable transformation and when we came in, we took inspiration from the idea of reestablishing a sense of the site’s natural terrain and fall. Our scheme aims to integrate with the terrain and the landscape, using the undulating site to slowly reveal glimpses and views of the harbour. The rotation of the tower off grid means every apartment has a view and is naturally cross ventilated. The building's colour palette is quintessentially Sydney, with bronze and sandstone and a luminescent green colour in the glass, making it very earthy and grounded in its location.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6399]

Inside the residences, the emphasis moves toward larger-format living typically associated with standalone homes. Kitchens sit at the centre of the apartments, connecting directly to open-plan dining and living areas before extending outward into expansive winter gardens and balconies. Calacatta marble, bespoke joinery, integrated appliances, and custom metal detailing are used throughout, while three distinct interior palettes, Terrace, Opera, and Harbour, allow buyers to personalise the spaces without compromising the architectural consistency of the project.

The larger residences place particular attention on separation between entertaining and private zones. In many apartments, master suites occupy the outer corners of the floorplates, allowing bedrooms to benefit from floor-to-ceiling glazing and harbour outlooks independent of the living spaces. Dressing rooms and ensuites continue the material palette through fluted detailing, freestanding baths, and layered stone finishes.

Rothelowman says the design intent centred on creating homes that feel enduring rather than transient.

“Our philosophy is all about the way people live in these spaces, and we wanted to create homes that reflect the quality of life in this unique Sydney location. The apartments showcase expansive living spaces that are generous, sophisticated, and bold, with the ability to connect with views throughout each apartment.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=353235]

A separate four-storey amenity building known as The Pavilion expands the residential offering beyond the apartments themselves. Positioned alongside the tower, the building consolidates wellness, recreation, and social spaces into a dedicated resident retreat. Facilities include a 20-metre rooftop pool and sundeck, sauna, spa, ice bath, wellness studio, gymnasium, concierge service, wine cellar, residents’ lounge, private dining spaces, and dedicated co-working areas with meeting rooms and boardroom facilities.

The amenity mix reflects the buyer profile emerging in North Sydney, where owner-occupiers and downsizers are increasingly prioritising convenience, apartment scale, and long-term usability over purely investment-driven decisions.

The Walden also represents a significant milestone for ALAND, marking the company’s first major move into Sydney’s inner-city luxury apartment market after more than two decades delivering large-scale residential communities across Greater Sydney. Founder Andrew Hrsto says the Walker Street site stood apart because of both its positioning and its rarity.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6390]

“As a company, we had been searching for a site in one of Sydney’s blue-chip locations, spanning the Eastern Suburbs, the Sydney CBD and the North Shore, and when we had the opportunity to purchase this site, we immediately recognised that it could be something iconic.”

At launch, The Walden recorded more than $103 million in sales, with buyers drawn to the project’s harbour positioning, apartment scale, and proximity to the Metro, which now connects North Sydney to Barangaroo in three minutes and Martin Place in five.

ALAND has commenced construction, and is expecting a completion date in 2028.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134323]

Staff reporter

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