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The RBA held rates steady at its December meeting at 2 per cent at its last board meeting of the year.
<div>Borrowers disappointed by the RBA’s decision to keep interest rates on hold can still get an early Christmas rate cut on their home loan by haggling their lender for a better deal, according to <a href="https://mozo.com.au/" target="_blank">Mozo.com.au</a>. 
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<div>In a recent mystery shopping exercise, Mozo staff posing as borrowers were able to haggle huge discounts of up to 1.25% off the standard variable home loan rate, simply by calling up the banks and asking. “The Big 4 are competing more fiercely for owner occupiers in the wake of the crackdown on investor lending, with discounts on offer to these borrowers the biggest we’ve seen,” said Mozo Director Kirsty Lamont. Mozo data shows that by haggling 1.25% off the average standard variable rate, borrowers could save $223 a month on their repayments on a $300,000, 30-year loan. “When pushed banks are prepared to offer better discounts beyond their advertised home loan deals which can lead to savings of $2676 each year for borrowers,” said Lamont.</div>
The REINSW President John Cunningham said the announcement was largely expected.  “This decision adds weight to a good stabilisation of the market into the New Year,” Mr Cunningham said.
Slower housing market conditions were likely a topic of conversation when the Reserve Bank board met today to deliberate on the cash rate setting. 
CoreLogic RP Data reported today a 1.5% fall in capital city dwelling values over the month of November and a 0.5% fall over in values over the past three months. 
"While the cash rate remained on hold, a less buoyant housing market is likely to provide the Reserve Bank with a greater degree of flexibility in adjusting interest rates without as much risk of over stimulating the housing market as what they have faced over previous months.
"While the Reserve Bank is likely to welcome a slowdown in the rate of home value appreciation, the overriding objective would be to avoid a significant downturn in the housing market, which would act as a weight on economic growth and potentially impact financial system stability," CoreLogic RP Data research head Tim Lawless said.
" Despite the stable rate setting, mortgage rates remain close to record lows which should continue to act as an incentive for home buyers and investors considering a property purchase," he added.
While today’s RBA decision to leave interest rates on hold has surprised no-one, Laing+Simmons managing director Leanne Pilkington said the cash rate is one of few steady elements in a housing market that has otherwise undergone recent change.
“The market for residential property has undergone a noticeable shift in recent months, with conditions moving toward a greater equilibrium between buyers and sellers, as opposed to the vendor favourable conditions earlier in the year,” Ms Pilkington said.
“The record clearance rates, low stock levels and rapidly increasing prices which characterised the first half of 2015 have now subsided somewhat as buyers exercise greater caution.
 “Demand remains robust, but we do not expect the double digit price growth of 2015 to be repeated in the year ahead,” she said.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) will continue to walk the interest rate tightrope over the summer as it considers a mixed bag of economic data, says mortgage broker John Kolenda adding it was no surprise to see the RBA following its final deliberation of 2015 leave official rates at the record low of 2.0 per cent.
But Mr Kolenda said a further rate cut is highly likely in the first half of 2016.
“The RBA has been a walking a tightrope leaving rates on hold since May this year due to the mixed economic data,” he said.
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RBA holds rates steady at December meeting

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Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision
<h3 id="mr-title">Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision</h3>
At its meeting today, the Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 2.0 per cent.
The global economy is expanding at a moderate pace, with some softening in conditions in the Asian region, continuing US growth and a recovery in Europe. Key commodity prices are much lower than a year ago, reflecting increased supply, including from Australia, as well as weaker demand. Australia's terms of trade are falling.
The Federal Reserve is expected to start increasing its policy rate over the period ahead, but some other major central banks are continuing to ease monetary policy. Volatility in financial markets has abated somewhat for the moment. While credit costs for some emerging market countries remain higher than a year ago, global financial conditions overall remain very accommodative.
In Australia, the available information suggests that moderate expansion in the economy continues in the face of a large decline in capital spending in the mining sector. While GDP growth has been somewhat below longer-term averages for some time, business surveys suggest a gradual improvement in conditions in non-mining sectors over the past year. This has been accompanied by stronger growth in employment and a steady rate of unemployment.
Inflation is low and should remain so, with the economy likely to have a degree of spare capacity for some time yet. Inflation is forecast to be consistent with the target over the next one to two years.
In such circumstances, monetary policy needs to be accommodative. Low interest rates are acting to support borrowing and spending. While the recent changes to some lending rates for housing will reduce this support slightly, overall conditions are still quite accommodative. Credit growth has increased a little over recent months, with credit provided by intermediaries to businesses picking up. Growth in lending to investors in the housing market has eased. Supervisory measures are helping to contain risks that may arise from the housing market.
The pace of growth in dwelling prices has moderated in Melbourne and Sydney over recent months and has remained mostly subdued in other cities. In other asset markets, prices for commercial property have been supported by lower long-term interest rates, while equity prices have moved in parallel with developments in global markets. The Australian dollar is adjusting to the significant declines in key commodity prices.
At today's meeting the Board again judged that the prospects for an improvement in economic conditions had firmed a little over recent months and that leaving the cash rate unchanged was appropriate. Members also observed that the outlook for inflation may afford scope for further easing of policy, should that be appropriate to lend support to demand. The Board will continue to assess the outlook, and hence whether the current stance of policy will most effectively foster sustainable growth and inflation consistent with the target.
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Unchanged: RBA Governor Glenn Stevens' December 2015 meeting statement

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<h3 id="mr-title">Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision</h3>
At its meeting today, the Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 2.0 per cent.
The global economy is expanding at a moderate pace, with some further softening in conditions in the Asian region, continuing US growth and a recovery in Europe. Key commodity prices are much lower than a year ago, in part reflecting increased supply, including from Australia. Australia's terms of trade are falling.
The Federal Reserve is expected to start increasing its policy rate over the period ahead, but some other major central banks are continuing to ease monetary policy. Volatility in financial markets has abated somewhat for the moment. While credit costs for some emerging market countries remain higher than a year ago, global financial conditions overall remain very accommodative.
In Australia, the available information suggests that moderate expansion in the economy continues. While GDP growth has been somewhat below longer-term averages for some time, business surveys suggest a gradual improvement in conditions over the past year. This has been accompanied by somewhat stronger growth in employment and a steady rate of unemployment.
Inflation is low and should remain so, with the economy likely to have a degree of spare capacity for some time yet. Inflation is forecast to be consistent with the target over the next one to two years, but a little lower than earlier expected.
In such circumstances, monetary policy needs to be accommodative. Low interest rates are acting to support borrowing and spending. While the recent changes to some lending rates for housing will reduce this support slightly, overall conditions are still quite accommodative. Credit growth has increased a little over recent months, with growth in lending to investors in the housing market easing slightly while that for owner-occupiers appears to be picking up. Dwelling prices continue to rise in Melbourne and Sydney, though the pace of growth has moderated of late. Growth in dwelling prices has remained mostly subdued in other cities. Supervisory measures are helping to contain risks that may arise from the housing market.
In other asset markets, prices for commercial property have been supported by lower long-term interest rates, while equity prices have moved in parallel with developments in global markets. The Australian dollar is adjusting to the significant declines in key commodity prices.
At today's meeting the Board judged that the prospects for an improvement in economic conditions had firmed a little over recent months and that leaving the cash rate unchanged was appropriate at this meeting. Members also observed that the outlook for inflation may afford scope for further easing of policy, should that be appropriate to lend support to demand. The Board will continue to assess the outlook, and hence whether the current stance of policy will most effectively foster sustainable growth and inflation consistent with the target.
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Containing housing risks as supervisory measures assist: November RBA Governor Glenn Stevens' statement

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Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision
At its meeting today, the Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 2.0 per cent.
The global economy is expanding at a moderate pace, with some further softening in conditions in China and east Asia of late, but stronger US growth. Key commodity prices are much lower than a year ago, in part reflecting increased supply, including from Australia. Australia's terms of trade are falling.
The Federal Reserve is expected to start increasing its policy rate over the period ahead, but some other major central banks are continuing to ease policy. Equity markets have been considerably more volatile of late, associated with developments in China, though other financial markets have been relatively stable. Long-term borrowing rates for most sovereigns and creditworthy private borrowers remain remarkably low. Overall, global financial conditions remain very accommodative.
In Australia, most of the available information suggests that moderate expansion in the economy continues. While growth has been somewhat below longer-term averages for some time, it has been accompanied with somewhat stronger growth of employment and a steady rate of unemployment over the past year. Overall, the economy is likely to be operating with a degree of spare capacity for some time yet, with domestic inflationary pressures contained. Inflation is thus forecast to remain consistent with the target over the next one to two years, even with a lower exchange rate.
In such circumstances, monetary policy needs to be accommodative. Low interest rates are acting to support borrowing and spending. Credit is recording moderate growth overall, with growth in lending to the housing market broadly steady over recent months. Dwelling prices continue to rise strongly in Sydney, though trends have been more varied in a number of other cities. The Bank is working with other regulators to assess and contain risks that may arise from the housing market. In other asset markets, prices for commercial property have been supported by lower long-term interest rates, while equity prices have moved lower and been more volatile recently, in parallel with developments in global markets. The Australian dollar is adjusting to the significant declines in key commodity prices.
The Board today judged that leaving the cash rate unchanged was appropriate at this meeting. Further information on economic and financial conditions to be received over the period ahead will inform the Board's ongoing assessment of the outlook and hence whether the current stance of policy will most effectively foster sustainable growth and inflation consistent with the target.
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Sydney rising strongly: RBA Governor Glenn Stevens' September 2015 meeting statement

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GUEST OBSERVER
 
The release of data by the NSW Minister for Planning on the supply and take-up of employment land in Western Sydney shows good growth and this must continue while major infrastructure projects are developed. 
Western Sydney needs a massive supply of new jobs and while the upward trend announced by the NSW Government is good news, it is important that growth is not affected by the infrastructure construction planned for Western Sydney.
Key infrastructure projects such as the Badgerys Creek Airport and the M12 are absolutely essential for future growth however developments that deliver jobs must not be put on hold while the infrastructure is planned and delivered.
With Badgerys Creek Airport EIS underway and planning in progress for the WestConnex, the M12, Sydney Metro, and other key infrastructure there will be a solid decade of planning and construction of new infrastructure. This process must not slow down strategic planning or development applications for employment projects or new housing in the meantime.
The State Government must take the lead in managing the short and long term impacts of major projects that the Federal Government is involved in to ensure that new development areas are able to proceed alongside the significant disruption that will come with massive infrastructure construction.
 
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Take-up of employment land in Western Sydney shows good growth: Urban Taskforce

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GUEST OBSERVER
There have been many articles recently by those in the industry claiming there is a massive issue with housing affordability for first home buyers. More often than not, foreign investors are the target of this fury.
Often these articles quote the alarmist figures of first home buyers numbers (as a % of all dwellings financed) dropping from the long-term average of 22% to just 12%.
Issues such as reduced affordability and foreign investment are often touted as the reasons for this drop-off in first home buyer activity. 
Unfortunately, for those espousing this propaganda, the figures are simply incorrect.
Way back in February 2015, the ABS announced that there was an issue with the data.
“An investigation by the ABS has identified that the data on first home buyers are under-reported, as some lenders have only reported loans to first home buyers who have also received a First Home Owner Grant.”
Now, quite clearly, this fails to capture first home buyers that do not utilise the grant, do not qualify for the grant, or who choose to purchase a property that is not eligible to receive a grant. Quite simply, this statistic is a completely inadequate indicator of first home buyer activity.
Yet, it continues to be quoted by those that either don’t understand the information or who choose to use this statistic to further their own cause regardless.
In June 2015 the RBA submission to the Inquiry into Home Ownership stated the following:
“Housing ‘affordability’, measured as the share of average household income required to service a loan on a median-priced dwelling, has continued to cycle between 20 and 30 per cent, and is currently well below previous peaks.”
The vast majority of first home buyers purchase well below the median price and in many instances can purchase with as little as 5% deposit or with the support of family, no deposit at all.
Some would argue, that there has never been a better time for First Home Buyers to enter the market.
But, are they simply being outbid by Foreign Investors at auction as is often claimed?
Well, the Foreign Investment Review Board clearly states that Foreign Investors can only purchase:
<ul>
<li>A New Dwelling</li>
<li>Vacant Land</li>
<li>An Established Dwelling To Demolish &amp; Redevelop</li>
</ul>
I don’t think it’s too much of a stretch to rule first home buyers out of the latter category, so, the only competition that first home buyers face is when purchasing brand new dwellings or off the plan.
The majority of these are offered at a fixed price by the developer and rarely go to auction, so, again, the implied issue of first home buyers being outbid at auction is again a long bow to draw.
Historically, first home buyers purchase older or smaller properties in locations they can afford and work their way up the property ladder over a number of years to achieve their dream property. This is often achieved through a process of increasing income with age and experience and a build-up of equity-either manufactured through renovations or naturally as part of the property cycle.
I would suggest that you listen very closely to those that are claiming there are so many issues with housing affordability for first home buyers and question not only their motives, but, the so-called facts they use to support these claims.
Paul Bevan is senior advisor at Dream Financial Services and can be contacted <a href="https://www.dreamfinancial.com.au/about" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Are foreign investors destroying the first home buyer market? Paul Bevan

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GUEST OBSERVER
You don’t need a crystal ball to know Australia’s rural industries will face significant change at global, national and local levels over the coming decades. This will create opportunities and challenges for small and large farms, and will affect rural lifestyles, agricultural landscapes and Australia’s society and economy.
In a new report, we describe this future through a series of interlinked “megatrends” set to hit Australia over the coming 20 years. As we describe below, each prompts some serious questions (or “conversation-starters”, as we have termed them) for Australian farmers. We don’t yet know the answers, but we do know they will be crucial for how the industry fares in the future.
<a href="/images/2015/08/20/image-20150818-5124-dd3n36.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2015/08/20/image-20150818-5124-dd3n36.jpg" alt="">
<h2>The world will get hungrier</h2>
We know that the world is going to require more food as populations grow – about 70% more by 2050, according to the United Nations. This will come primarily from increasing yields, along with some expansion of agricultural land.
The target is achievable but should not be taken for granted. There are competing uses of land for biofuels and urbanisation; in some places land is degrading; and we don’t have good predictions yet of the effect of climate change on agriculture. As a significant exporter of food, Australia has a vital role to play in supplying world food markets and buffering supply shocks.
We are well positioned — both in terms of geography and comparative advantage — to supply overseas markets. And while Australia can’t hope to feed Asia or the world, with astute R&amp;D investment it can increase production and exports. How well we step up to that challenge depends largely on our ability to maintain a price competitive position and continue to improve yields. So the key questions are:
Will farms be able to scale up production and performance to meet this challenge?
What is a sensible investment in innovation, and how should it be funded?
<h2>The world will get wealthier</h2>
Some 1.02 billion people will move out of poverty and into the middle classes in the developing Asia region alone by 2040. Along with wealth comes the ability to diversify food choices – wealthier households will consume more meat, dairy and vegetable oils.
This presents an opportunity for Australian rural industries to identify new food types and connect to new markets. A diversified rural export base is likely to be more resilient to supply-and-demand shocks in markets.
Is Australia better off focusing on commodity markets that have provided solid export earnings, or should it be working hard to respond to the demand for a more diverse range of boutique, luxury and niche food and fibre goods?
Does Australia have the infrastructure and the persistence to get a wider range of desirable agricultural products into Asian markets competitively?
<h2>Customers will get pickier</h2>
The consumer of the future will be increasingly able and motivated to choose food and fibre products with certain characteristics. This has impacts both within and beyond the farm gate. Information technology will increasingly enable the consumer to access, share and validate information about products along the whole supply chain from farm to fork.
Health is likely to become a particularly prominent driver of food choice and consumption patterns – be that from a desire for food safety or to help prevent chronic disease. Many people’s lives are being cut short by poor diets, and at current trajectories government budgets could become crippled by unsustainable growth in healthcare expenditure.
The issues of environment, provenance and ethics will also play a vital role. The consumer of the future will have greater expectations for these qualities in the food and fibre products they choose to buy. Consumers will be “information-empowered” and rural industries stand to gain or lose market share based on this increase in consumers' knowledge.
In the face of soaring diet-related health costs, will governments increase control of the components of food and diets?
How does agriculture in Australia build and safeguard its clean, green reputation?
<h2>Technologies will transform farm life</h2>
Advances in digital technology, genetics and materials science will change the way food and fibre products are created and transported.
Many plant productivity breakthroughs will be from gene technology. Big data systems and digital technologies will bring better risk-management approaches to Australian agriculture; weather and yields will be much more predictable and farmers will have sophisticated tools to assist with decision making.
Knowledge about land use and framing practices will increasingly move into the public domain as remote monitoring, be it from drones or satellites, makes available new data in a highly interconnected world. Business and capital models will change with the introduction of “disruptive” technologies such as peer-to-peer lending.
Will market perceptions hold back Australian agriculture by restricting access to advanced technologies being used by our major competitors?
How will farmers manage a higher level of scrutiny of their operations?
<h2>The rollercoaster of risks will get bumpier</h2>
Risk is an ever-present characteristic of Australian agriculture. However, the coming decades will see changes in the global climate, environmental systems and the world economy which will create new and potentially deeper risks for farmers.
Australian agriculture has shown a strong capacity to adapt and respond to risks in the past. But as trade globalises and we rely more on imported inputs such as fertiliser and fuel, the risk of supply chain shocks increases.
More international trade and passenger travel brings greater biosecurity risks. Climate change impacts are not well understood, and the need to cut greenhouse gas emissions will set up competing land uses for both biofuels and carbon storage.
Do we understand the likely implications of a global price on carbon of US$50-100 per tonne?
Is the agriculture sector at risk of complacency and underinvestment when it comes to risk management?
Overall, there is a bright future for Australian agriculture, laden with deep and diverse opportunity. The future outlined above will be a challenge for some producers and industries but an opportunity for others. The effectiveness with which Australian agriculture captures these opportunities and avoids the risks will largely come down to innovation.
Through centuries past, repeated innovation has allowed Australian farmers to expand into new land areas, develop water resources and increase crop and pasture yields. As we look to the decades ahead, innovation becomes ever more important. In a world of exponential growth in both technology and global trade, it’s about working smarter, not just harder.
Sandra Eady is principal research scientist CSIRO Agriculture and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sandra-eady-184881" target="_blank">here</a>. Stefan Hajkowicz is leader, CSIRO Futures and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/stefan-hajkowicz-13173" target="_blank">here</a>.
Both are authors for The Conversation. 
 
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Five future challenges for Australian agriculture

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Real estate agent John McGrath has given his tips on what property investors should do in a softening rental market, adding the current market situation is great news for renters.
In an opinion piece for Peter Switzer's Switzer Daily, McGrath said rental growth might be slowing down but it’s not going backwards, so many landlords won’t be in a position where they have to reduce rents, they’ll just have to keep them at the same level for a while. 
He wrote that more properties available for rent means more options for a growing community of renters – especially Gen Y Australians, many of whom have resigned themselves to a life of renting in expensive cities like Sydney. 
"When supply increases, landlords need to be extra careful to keep their tenants happy. The most important thing is responding to their needs – quickly. Don’t delay small repairs – accept the cost (which is almost always tax deductible or at least depreciable) and get it fixed. If your tenant believes you will look after them, the allure of a slightly better value option down the road won’t be enough to make them move out," McGrath said.
"If your property is going onto the market at a time of increasing supply, do something to make it stand out. You need to ‘wow’ tenants when supply is high. If your property looks well-kept, that will take it to the top of the list. Quality is important to tenants – remember, this is going to be their home.
"In terms of the importance of rental returns to landlords, of course we all want to receive the maximum yields possible. We’re in the game to make money, after all. But in the grand scheme of things, I have always seen rental yields as less important than capital gains. If you’re looking at buying an investment property, consider the potential for capital gain first. Don’t go buying a high yielding property that has little potential for growth in value. It won’t serve you well in the long run."
He added the ideal scenario is to have some blue chip investments in your portfolio that are delivering reliable long-term capital growth; and a couple of cheaper properties that deliver a great yield to help you afford the repayments on the blue chips (which are often negatively geared as high quality properties cost more to buy!). 
Rents across capital cities.
Median rents across the capital cities 
<ul>
<li>Sydney Houses $610 pw | Apartments $536 pw</li>
<li>Melbourne Houses $456 pw | Apartments $404 pw</li>
<li>Brisbane Houses $436 pw | Apartments $408 pw</li>
<li>Perth Houses $472 pw | Apartments $419 pw</li>
<li>Adelaide Houses $373 pw | Apartments $317 pw</li>
<li>Canberra Houses $504 pw | Apartments $403 pw</li>
<li>Darwin Houses $575 pw | Apartments $459 pw</li>
<li>Hobart Houses $343 pw | Apartments $298 pw</li>
</ul>
To view the original article on the Switzer Daily, <a href="https://www.switzer.com.au/the-experts/john-mcgrath-property-expert/what-to-do-in-a-softening-rental-market/" target="_blank">click here.</a>
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Rental growth might be slowing down but it’s not going backwards: John McGrath

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GUEST OBSERVER
Economists find it difficult to agree on the subject of exactly how penalty rates affect employment and business. There is a dearth of empirical evidence on the subject because constructing an experiment to test the exact role of penalty rates in employment or business viability would be near impossible.
Anecdotal evidence from some businesses in the hospitality and retail sectors supports Mr Frydenberg’s claim that they’re not opening on Sundays because of penalty rates, but the direct evidence is far from conclusive.
<h2>Do penalty rates reduce employment?</h2>
It is true that penalty rates can reach 200% for certain awards. Sunday premium rates depend on a number of factors, including the occupation grade of the employee, and whether or not they are employed on a casual or permanent basis.
Direct evidence on the employment effects of penalty rates, and whether any such effects are driven more by demand or supply of weekend work, is really very limited. Some researchers have concluded penalty rates reduce demand for labour; other experts are unconvinced.
On supply side, the employment effects of Sunday penalty rates are quite complex. For those who value weekend time for lifestyle, family or religious reasons, the incentive to work on a Sunday will diminish if penalty rates are reduced. However, many workers have limited options to substitute from weekend to weekday work in the absence of a Sunday wage premium. Some employees may actively seek weeken<a href="https://www.qtic.com.au/news/modern-face-weekend-work-%E2%80%93-report-fair-work-commission-penalty-rates">d</a> work for a variety of reasons.
Employment effects are likely to be stronger on the demand side, with penalty rates unarguably imposing additional wage costs on employers. Savings from lower penalty rates offer businesses the choice to employ more workers at the same costs, or the same number of workers at lower costs.
Whether employment would increase following a reduction in penalty rates, and by how much, depends on the balance of positive responses to lower wage costs among businesses, and the negative reactions of workers to lower remuneration. There is some potential for a market-determined wage premium to emerge in the absence of penalty rates to ensure that working on a Sunday remains attractive.
<h2>Do penalty rates cause restaurants to close?</h2>
Are we seeing higher rates of closure in the restaurant sector? And more pertinently, can these closures be attributed to the penalty rate system above other factors?
Of those businesses trading in June 2010 in the food and beverage services sector, ABS data show that 70.3% survived to June 2012, and 51.7% to June 2014 - the latter survival rate being 10 percentage points below the average for all industries. So yes, there are higher rates of closure in the restaurant sector.
However, this may reflect the greater “churn” among businesses in the hospitality and retail sectors more than the effects of penalty rates. Overall business counts have remained relatively strong over the last period.
<a href="/images/2015/08/17/Screen%20Shot%202015-08-17%20at%208.50.57%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge </a>
<img src="/images/2015/08/17/Screen%20Shot%202015-08-17%20at%208.50.57%20AM.png" alt="">
Survival rates of businesses operating in June 2010 ABS Cat No 8165.0: Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, June 2010 to June 2014
It’s harder to find direct evidence to support the claim that penalty rates are the dominant cause of extensive restaurant business closures – if by “closing” we mean going out of business altogether, as opposed to simply closing on Sundays.
It appears Mr Frydenberg meant that latter – that restaurants and cafes were closing on Sundays, as opposed to closing down altogether. His spokesman said by email that:
"The Assistant Treasurer’s statement was primarily based on the findings of the Productivity Commission’s Draft Report in relation to the impact of Sunday penalty rates and the level of Sunday business activity; not the registration of businesses generally."
According to ABS figures, wages contribute more to the overall costs of doing business in the hospitality and retail sectors – averaging 43% of total retail business costs and 37% for accommodation and food services - compared with the overall industry average (28%).
A higher proportion of those wage costs are incurred at weekends and evenings, these being the periods of greatest demand for restaurant services. This does mean that penalty rates are likely to impose a greater cost burden on restaurants, cafes, bars and retail outlets relative to businesses in other sectors.
Penalty rates are likely to be more damaging during downturns in the business cycle, with lower consumer demand putting greater pressure on businesses in the hospitality sector who already work to tight profit margins.
A spokesman for Mr Frydenberg said that the Productivity Commission’s Draft Report makes several references to Sunday rates hampering business activity – notably on pages 483, 522, 250, 25 and 519.
He pointed to a statement from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland’s submission, which said:
"44% of (surveyed Queensland) businesses noted that they have decreased or substantially decreased the number of full time staff. Taken together, the results suggest that rising labour cost loadings are affecting business decisions about staffing hours and negatively impacting employment."
Mr Frydenberg’s spokesman cited evidence from a 2015 survey of 1000 restaurant and cafe operators conducted by Jetty Research on behalf of the Restaurant and Catering Industry Association, which found that:
"of those surveyed that didn’t open on Sundays and/or public holidays, 70% said that “this was because of penalty rates or an inability to trade profitably.”
However, this finding is based on responses from only 10% of the survey. Of the 90% of respondents in the same survey who stayed open on Sundays and/or public holidays, around half (51%) reported that they did so because of “increased profitability”, with one quarter (24%) reporting that Sunday opening made them less profitable. Of all respondents, 52% said they would employ more staff if penalty rates were reduced, and 42% said they would open additional hours.
The full response from Mr Frydenberg’s spokesman can be found <a href="https://theconversation.com/response-from-assistant-treasurer-josh-frydenberg-46075" target="_blank">here</a>.
<h2>Verdict</h2>
It is true that there is feedback from some restaurants and cafes that they are closing due to the high cost of Sunday penalty rates. However, even when you look at the restaurant and cafe industry’s own survey, only 10% of businesses surveyed closed on a Sunday. Of the 90% that remained open on a Sunday, more than half did so because they made a profit. Less than a quarter said penalty rates were reducing their profits. The evidence that restaurants and cafes are closing on Sundays because of prohibitively high costs is, at best, ambiguous.
Direct evidence of the employment and business impact of penalty rates is hard to come by. It is not possible to say for sure that penalty rates, above all other factors, are forcing restaurants and cafes to close their doors on a Sunday.
<h2>Review</h2>
The author of this FactCheck correctly notes that the evidence of the impact of penalty rates on employment and business operations in the food and beverages industry is limited in Australia.
There is some anecdota<a href="https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/current/workplace-relations/draft/workplace-relations-draft-overview.pdf">l</a> and qualitative evidence that shows for particular businesses, higher penalty rates have reduced employment. Some quantitative studies show that increasing labour costs are likely to lead to a reduction in the demand for labour but there is limited recent evidence on the direct effects of penalty rates on the demand and supply of labour over the weekend. Standard economic theory predicts that an increase in the wage will lead to a reduction in the demand for labour but the effects on the supply of labour are less clear.
The relationship between the survival of businesses in the food and beverage industry and pay rates is a subject on which more evidence is required.
Alan Duncan is director, Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/alan-duncan-100759" target="_blank">here</a>.
Anne Daly is professor of economics at University of Canberra and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/anne-daly-184578" target="_blank">here</a>.
Both are authors for The Conversation
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Are a lot of cafes and restaurants closing because of Sunday penalty rates? 

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Auction clearance rates have been easing since April 2015, according to the August CoreLogic RP Data Housing Market and Economic Update.
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While clearance rates are still high, a steady decline has begun.
 
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Auction clearance rates have been easing since April: CoreLogic RP Data

The residential transformation of St Kilda Road is set to continue into with more new apartment plans for the sought-after boulevard.

Wing Tai Asia has lodged plans for a major residential tower at 464-466 St Kilda Road, replacing the former VACC House with an 18-storey mixed-use development designed around a retained heritage podium and a sculpted contemporary tower.

The proposal, prepared under Victoria’s Significant Residential Development with Affordable Housing pathway, would deliver 325 apartments and ground-floor retail across the prominent 4,653 sqm boulevard site in Melbourne’s St Kilda Road North Precinct.

The project centres on the adaptive reuse of the site’s heritage-listed VACC Building, an eight-storey office designed by Bernard Evans that has occupied the address for decades. Planning documents state the development would involve “carefully dismantling and conserving off-site the original metal fabric of the podium visible from St Kilda Road,” before reinstating it as the defining frontage of the new scheme.

Above the restored podium, Wing Tai is proposing a curvilinear residential tower. The scheme includes 172 one-bedroom apartments, 63 two-bedroom apartments, 66 three-bedroom apartments, and 24 four-bedroom apartments, alongside two ground-floor food and beverage tenancies fronting St Kilda Road.

The tower has been designed with substantial articulation and variable setbacks to minimise perceived bulk and maintain view corridors along the boulevard. Urbis, which prepared the planning report, said the design “has been significantly articulated through a curvilinear design” with “an interplay with materials, façade expression and depth” to create visual separation and visual interest.

The proposal also includes 254 basement car spaces, landscaped pedestrian links connecting St Kilda Road and Queens Lane, and a biophilic landscape strategy featuring canopy trees, raised planters, cascading greenery and a glass oculus pool overlooking the eastern frontage.

Planning documents confirm the $270.1 million development will contribute 3 per cent of project costs to the Social Housing Growth Fund as part of the application process.

Wing Tai acquired the St Kilda Road property in 2018 alongside Abacus Property Group for $95.38 million, before later consolidating ownership of the site. The property previously served as the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce headquarters for around 60 years.

The transformation of the St Kilda Rd boulevard is already beginning to materialise, with a number of high-profile projects recently completed, launched, or approaching launch as developers continue to back the long-term appeal of the precinct.

Among the most notable recent completions is Louise by Samuel Property Group, just off the strip on Queens Lane, the same pocket Hirsch &amp; Faigen recently launched The Queensbury. Mirvac is too on the same street with The Albertine, which is approaching completion.

Dexus recently secured approval for its slice of St Kilda Road, while Gurner also has approved plans for the precinct.

Joel Robinson

Wing Tai unveils 325-apartment St Kilda Road tower on former VACC House site

Malaysian developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/s-p-setia">SP Setia</a> is the latest to jump into St Leonards booming Transport Oriented Development precinct.

The developer, which has previously delivered Sapphire by the Gardens apartment development in Melbourne, identified the Atchison Street site in 2023. It filed a Scoping Report around 12 months ago, and now has revealed the designs for the new&nbsp;40-storey mixed-use tower.

The State Significant Development Application covers <a href="https://next-portal.urban.com.au/projects/14650/summary">20-22 Atchison Street</a>, a 1,374 sqm site positioned between St Leonards Station and the new Crows Nest Metro station.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cox-architecture">COX Architecture</a>, the project would deliver 181 apartments, above a four-storey commercial podium, five basement levels, and new public domain works along Mitchell Street. The apartment mix comprises 35 one-bedroom apartments, 39 one-bedroom-plus-study apartments, 85 two-bedroom apartments, and 22 three-bedroom residences.

The proposal has been lodged as a shop-top housing development under the NSW Government’s TOD planning pathway, which allows increased density around key transport infrastructure. The site sits within the recently rezoned Crows Nest Accelerated TOD Precinct.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b799673d-48e2-46b0-801a-0e33a9330100" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20site.png?VersionId=dPh0UfwfaHpbFL1R7H1cbZNbIW0CHbCC" />

SP Setia acquired the Atchison Street site as part of its continued expansion into the Australian apartment market. In comments made to City &amp; Country (The Edge Malaysia) in 2023, SP Setia President and CEO Datuk Choong Kai Wai described the acquisition as “a strategic move” aligned with the group’s post-pandemic market recovery strategy.

“Our target for this exceptional development is local and overseas buyers, including first-home buyers, downsizers and investors,” Choong said.

The tower has been designed as a slender vertical form rising from a mixed-use podium, with COX Architecture positioning the development as a response to the evolving St Leonards and Crows Nest skyline.

“The purpose of the project is to facilitate the delivery of high-quality housing at a strategically located site and deliver a built tower outcome that is consistent with the desired future character of St Leonards and aligns with the TOD controls,” the design report stated.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b1a85eee-76f7-436c-a6da-73ba827b9b13" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/atchinson%20entry.png?VersionId=dA9jHGPMcm.dDbwk4QfxqWiY5bfh3UVt" />

The podium would incorporate retail uses fronting Atchison Street, commercial tenancies, landscaped communal areas, and pedestrian improvements along Mitchell Street. Vehicle access and loading would be consolidated via Atchison Lane.

Residents would have access to more than 665 sqm of communal indoor and outdoor spaces, while the development proposes 96 parking spaces across five basement levels.

The proposal also includes a commitment for 10 per cent of residential floor space to be allocated toward affordable housing through a monetary contribution.

COX said the tower form responds directly to the emerging high-density character of the precinct while seeking to maximise solar access, cross ventilation, and outlook from apartments.

<img alt="First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2163f85c-f63b-4be3-aafa-f8763976cec5" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Article%20Feature%20Image%20%28Grid%29_5.png?VersionId=WiAmtIKJ6.ZQ41EtYEQ1fol7AeorKBlL" />

“The building is orientated towards north,” the Apartment Design Guide compliance report noted, adding that the tower’s slim form was driven by the constrained inner-urban site dimensions.

The design also incorporates landscaped setbacks and communal open space at podium level, intended to soften the interface with surrounding streets and improve pedestrian amenity.

The project adds to a growing wave of redevelopment proposals reshaping St Leonards and Crows Nest following the opening of the Sydney Metro City line and the NSW Government’s push for higher-density housing around major transport nodes.

Last week Stockland filed plans just down the road. They want to build a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/601-pacific-highway-st-leonards-nsw-2065">52-storey tower on Pacific Highway</a>.

Read more:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/first-look-stockland-plans-52-storey-538-apartment-st-leonards-tower">First look: Stockland plans 52-storey, 538-apartment St Leonards tower&nbsp;</a>

First look: SP Setia targets St Leonards skyline with 40-storey TOD tower

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/urban-property-group">Urban Property Group</a> has revealed plans for a new mixed-use tower at 10 Dangar Street, Wickham, advancing a proposal that would reshape the southern gateway to Newcastle’s city centre with one of the city’s tallest residential buildings.

The State Significant Development proposal, now on exhibition, seeks approval for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/bowline-10-dangar-street-wickham-nsw-2293">43-storey tower</a> immediately adjacent to the Newcastle Interchange. The project would deliver around 200 apartments, including 42 affordable housing dwellings, alongside 99 co-living units, a 171-room hotel, retail space, and new public domain integrated through the site.

The scheme marks a significant escalation of plans previously approved for the site. Urban Property Group took over the prominent 2,904 sqm parcel, where excavation and demolition had already commenced under an earlier consent for a 14-storey mixed-use development.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="58a96dd9-407f-4d20-86b4-94e4bfeef74b" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20podium.png?VersionId=LGlf08pdFGAZDzvx_CXC4XakHNZRuEE0" />

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/sjb-architects">SJB</a>, the tower has been conceived as a landmark transit-oriented development anchored to the Newcastle Interchange precinct. The proposal includes 245 build-to-sell apartments across a mix of one, two, and three-bedroom residences, as well as two penthouses. Fifteen apartments and one operational unit are earmarked for NDIS housing. The co-living component would add a further 99 units, while the podium would accommodate retail uses and hotel facilities.

SJB said the site presents “a valuable opportunity to anchor the precinct by setting the standard for design, active ground planes and character at the key southern gateway.”

The architecture responds directly to the site’s position beside major transport infrastructure and within one of Newcastle’s fastest-evolving urban renewal precincts. The tower form sits above a sculpted podium designed to frame new public spaces, including a through-site pedestrian link connecting Station Street to Hannell Street, landscaped plazas, and activated retail edges.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a7bd6ff0-f7db-4ce8-a6dc-ea56e72c6149" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20lanne.png?VersionId=xzf39VADyhj7zBQY2I9fx9vI62u2tuSb" />

The design report describes the project as part of the broader transition of Wickham into “a vibrant, high-quality mixed-use urban precinct” that leverages proximity to the station, open space, and regional connectivity.

A detailed public art strategy has also been prepared for the development. The strategy positions the project as “a transit-oriented development of state significance at the gateway to Newcastle’s city centre” and outlines a series of integrated artworks responding to Newcastle’s industrial and transport heritage.

Creative Road’s curatorial framework for the project, titled Unveil, draws on “stratified surfaces, carved volumes, and light-filled apertures” while referencing Newcastle’s transformation from an industrial city into a contemporary education and technology hub.

<img alt="First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s next supertower at Wickham interchange" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="77a882bb-14b1-4d28-99ff-9438e39508c0" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/wickham%20site.png?VersionId=cevgo_vN0eKPK78P8YcEu3mKPLkpFqE7" />

The proposal is being advanced through the NSW Housing Delivery Authority pathway after being declared State Significant Development in June 2025. The accompanying scoping report states the development aims to “maximise the site’s proximity to the Newcastle Interchange by delivering transit-oriented development” while increasing housing supply and affordable housing provision within the Newcastle LGA.

Urban Property Group’s plans align with the long-term strategic vision established under the Wickham Master Plan, which identified the interchange precinct as suitable for substantial uplift in height and density. The current proposal would significantly intensify that vision, positioning the tower among the tallest developments proposed for Newcastle.

The site sits immediately north of the Newcastle Interchange, bounded by Dangar Street, Hannell Street, and Charles Street. It is surrounded by a rapidly growing cluster of residential towers and mixed-use projects that have emerged following the completion of the light rail and transport interchange.

First look: Urban Property Group unveils Newcastle’s latest tower at Wickham interchange

Bottega House has completed settlement of a landmark riverfront site in Macquarie Street, St Lucia, representing its first major Brisbane development.&nbsp;

Positioned on the banks of the Brisbane River, the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/180-macquarie-street-st-lucia-qld-4067">premium site at 180 Macquarie Street</a> features uninterrupted river frontage in one of Brisbane’s most tightly held residential precincts.&nbsp;

The proposed development, currently under assessment with Brisbane City Council, has been designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-studio">Plus Studio</a> with interiors by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/interior-designers/mim-design">Mim Design</a> and will deliver a boutique collection of premium residences positioned specifically for owner occupiers and downsizers.&nbsp;

The residences are set to redefine luxury apartment living in the area, with a focus on architectural quality, refined finishes, landscape integration and elevated amenities including curated wellness facilities, resort-style pools and recreation spaces rarely seen in the local market.&nbsp;

Exclusive sales for the project will be led by Keenan &amp; Byrne, ahead of an anticipated launch later this year.&nbsp;

Bottega House Managing Director Nick Malloch said the project reflects the group’s ambition to deliver a highly curated residential offering within one of Brisbane’s most tightly held precincts.&nbsp;

“This is an incredibly rare riverfront opportunity and one we have approached with a long-term perspective,” Malloch said.&nbsp;

“Our vision from the outset was to create a boutique collection of residences that feel more like private homes than traditional apartments, with generous proportions, refined finishes and exceptional amenity throughout."

Malloch says there is a&nbsp;lack of premium owner-occupier stock of this quality in the market, particularly for downsizers wanting space, privacy and a true lifestyle offering without compromise.&nbsp;

"Demand is expected to be strong given the scarcity of premium riverfront opportunities of this nature within Brisbane’s inner-west."&nbsp;

Bottega House secures landmark riverfront site in St Lucia 

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The arrival of the first piling rig officially marks the commencement of construction at SIERA’s new beachside apartment development, Exhale, in Northcliffe.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/exhale-surfers-paradise-8-enderley-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">Exhale</a>, a glass-encased tower featuring 54 large-scale apartments at 8 Enderley Avenue, is SIERA’s third Gold Coast development. It follows the recently completed PIPIS Bilinga beachfront project, which achieved suburb-record prices, and the soon-to-be-completed Chevron Island development, Tapestry.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359603]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/siera">SIERA</a> Founder and Managing Director Brent Thompson said the arrival of the piling rig represented a significant milestone for the development, which is scheduled for completion in late 2028.

Over the next month, around 260 piles are expected to be installed as work progresses on the basement structure. The building is anticipated to rise above ground level early next year, before unveiling its sculptural glass curtain wall, developed in collaboration with specialist façade engineers.

“The façade was designed to maximise panoramic coastal views while creating a distinctive architectural identity,” Thompson said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=355935]

Designed by BDA Architecture, Exhale will comprise just 54 two- and three-bedroom residences across 26 levels, a level of low-density living rarely delivered in this beachside pocket between Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach.

The project has been conceived as a resident-only building, with no short-stay accommodation permitted. SIERA says the model is intended to appeal to long-term owner-occupiers rather than transient holiday demand.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=361052]

Residences have been designed with large-format layouts and expansive glazing, with most apartments featuring more than 30 metres of glass frontage to maximise natural light and ocean views.

The amenity offering spans two levels and centres on wellness and lifestyle, including a heated magnesium pool, sauna, yoga and Pilates studio, gymnasium, private dining facilities, cinema lounge, and dedicated surfcraft storage.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112661 project_image_fid=359607]

More than half of the apartments have already sold. SIERA has also opened a sales gallery for Exhale at its Chevron Island commercial premises, near its Tapestry tower and the site of its second Chevron Island apartment development, which is slated to launch in early 2027.
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[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112661]

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