The Gold Coast economy has grown by 25 per cent since 2020/21 to surpass $55 billion, but perhaps the more significant story is what sits behind the headline number.

For decades, the Gold Coast has been viewed through the lens of tourism, lifestyle and population growth. The latest State of the City Report suggests that perception is increasingly out of step with reality.

Released by Invest Gold Coast, the report ranks the Gold Coast as Australia's largest non-capital city economy and, perhaps more notably, second nationally behind Sydney for Economic Complexity, a measure that assesses the diversity and sophistication of an economy.

It's a result that places the Gold Coast ahead of Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide, highlighting the extent to which the city's economic base has broadened beyond its traditional industries.

Today, the Gold Coast supports more than 350,000 jobs, is home to over 83,000 businesses and generates $19 billion in annual exports. Manufacturing now accounts for 62 per cent of international export growth, while sectors including health, education, advanced manufacturing, technology and professional services are becoming increasingly important contributors to the local economy.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150017 project_image_fid=372547]

Gold Coast Mayor Tom Tate said the report confirmed the city's evolution into one of Australia's most significant economies.

"The Gold Coast economy continues to grow at an incredible pace. This is no surprise to those of us who have watched the evolution up close," Mayor Tate said.

"As one of the most entrepreneurial, investment driven and opportunity focused economies in the country our ambition has been realised and possibilities are endless.

"The Gold Coast has built a reputation as the city that says yes. We say yes to investment, yes to opportunity and yes to people who want to build something.

"It's this mindset helping us drive major growth across health, advanced manufacturing, screen production, marine, technology and the knowledge economy."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=149670 project_image_fid=360975]

While population growth has been one of the defining stories of the past decade, the report points to a broader economic transformation taking place.

The city's knowledge economy now contributes $7.9 billion annually and supports around 31,000 jobs, while the health and wellbeing sector contributes $5.2 billion and employs more than 42,000 people. Together, the six priority sectors identified in the report account for almost $24 billion in economic output and more than 145,000 jobs.

One of the strongest examples is the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct at Southport. The 200-hectare precinct now contains more than $5 billion worth of health, education, research and innovation infrastructure and supports over 16,000 jobs.

The report also highlights the growing role of advanced manufacturing, particularly in aerospace, defence and modular construction.

Gold Coast-based Gilmour Space Technologies recently became the first Australian commercial company to attempt an orbital launch, while companies including Modscape and ModnPods are helping establish the Yatala-Stapylton corridor as one of Australia's fastest-growing advanced manufacturing hubs.

The city's entrepreneurial culture is also translating into business growth.

Since 2019/20, the number of businesses operating on the Gold Coast has increased by 22 per cent, while firms employing more than 200 people have grown by 80 per cent. The report suggests the next challenge is converting more local start-ups and medium-sized businesses into nationally significant companies.

Development activity remains another key indicator of confidence.

There are currently more than $23 billion worth of major projects underway across the Gold Coast, supported by a record 75 active cranes, a figure that now exceeds Brisbane and represents a 150 per cent increase since 2016.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112024 project_image_fid=343235]

Importantly, the report notes the next phase of investment will need to extend beyond residential development.

While 93 per cent of crane activity is currently tied to housing, Invest Gold Coast argues future investment will increasingly need to focus on cultural, civic, infrastructure and industry-enabling projects that strengthen the city's long-term economic resilience.

Invest Gold Coast Chair Will Hodgman said the city was now benefiting from years of economic diversification.

"What is happening on the Gold Coast is the result of the city's economic base broadening, fuelled by industries with long-term, high-growth potential," Mr Hodgman said.

"This is no longer a secondary Australian economy, the Gold Coast is becoming a globally connected city with deeper capability across health, knowledge and creative industries, advanced manufacturing, technology and exports."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=108274 project_image_fid=365786]

Looking ahead, the Gold Coast's population is projected to exceed one million residents by 2046.

For a city that was once largely defined by tourism and lifestyle, the latest figures suggest the Gold Coast is becoming something more significant, one of Australia's most diverse and economically sophisticated urban economies, and increasingly one that national and international investors can no longer afford to overlook.

Joel Robinson

75 cranes, $23 billion pipeline and a $55 billion economy: Inside the Gold Coast economic boom

Ron Bakir's Homecorp has sold more than 75 per cent of the apartments in its wellness-driven Florence Residences in Surfers Paradise following its first weekend release.

The <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/florence-residences-24-monte-carlo-avenue-surfers-paradise-qld-4217">26-storey project on Monte Carlo Avenue</a>, which commenced construction earlier this year, has seen a flurry of buyers secure their slice of the Gold Coast's latest wellbeing-focused offering in one of the nation's most competitive property markets.

Since the pandemic, the Gold Coast's population has grown by more than 11 per cent, a rate approximately four times faster than Sydney's, driven largely by lifestyle changes and interstate migration. While buyer activity has moderated in some markets nationally, demand for newly built dwellings on the Gold Coast continues to gain momentum as purchasers increasingly prioritise lifestyle, amenity, wellbeing, liveability and long-term investment potential.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372743]

Homecorp CEO Ron Bakir says buyers today are looking for more than just a home.

"What we are seeing is a shift in how people define value in property," Bakir says.

"What attracts residents to new developments is a desire for more than just a residence. They are looking for a place that complements their lifestyle, supports their wellbeing and reflects the way they want to live into the future.

"Lifestyle, longevity, proactive health, wellbeing, connection and a sense of community are increasingly shaping purchasing decisions, particularly on the Gold Coast, where these factors continue to be a major drawcard."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372744]

Bakir says Homecorp is responding to this shift through an approach that places greater emphasis on design, amenity and experience working together to create places that feel considered, connected and enduring in value.

Inspired by Eastern European design, Florence Residences will comprise 120 apartments alongside a private residents-only wellness club featuring a resort-style rooftop pool, hot and cold plunge pools, a spa retreat, contemporary gymnasium, and a spacious yoga and Pilates studio.

The development will also feature a residents-only lounge with private dining facilities and a rooftop bar, premium outdoor entertaining areas, a hotel-style lobby lounge, generous bike parking, and pet-friendly amenities including a heated dog wash.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=150414 project_image_fid=372742]

A limited number of apartments remain available, with an exclusive collection of four-bedroom sub-penthouses set to be released in the coming months.

Florence is one of the latest additions to Homecorp's expanding multi-billion-dollar property portfolio, which also includes plans for a <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/qld/homecorp-lodges-plans-for-260-million-moroccan-bathhouse-inspired-tower-in-budds-beach">$260 million development in Budds Beach</a> tailored to the growing wellness market.

A development application has been lodged for a 27-storey, 156-residence tower at 8–10 Acacia Avenue and 25–27 Oak Avenue, featuring a residents-only Moroccan spa-inspired sanctuary.

Apartments at Florence Residences are priced from $1,249,000, with construction expected to be completed by late 2027.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=150414]

Buyers rush to Homecorp's Florence Residences as Gold Coast wellness trend gains momentum

The NSW Government has expanded its $1 billion Pre-sale Finance Guarantee program, broadening access for affordable housing providers and smaller residential developments as it seeks to accelerate housing delivery across the state.

The Minns Government says the program has already helped bring forward more than 600 homes across Sydney and regional NSW since launching in September 2025, with similar models now adopted in South Australia and Western Australia.

The latest changes, announced by Treasurer Daniel Mookhey and Minister for Planning and Public Spaces Paul Scully, are designed to improve access to finance for projects that have planning approval but are struggling to secure funding.

Among the key changes is an expansion of support for community housing providers. The program will now support up to 100 per cent affordable housing projects valued at up to $30 million when delivered by not-for-profit providers, while support for larger affordable housing developments will increase for projects worth up to $80 million.

The government says the changes will help accelerate the delivery of housing for low-income workers, older people, people living with disability, and those at risk of homelessness, while reducing reliance on direct grants or subsidised loans to bridge funding gaps.

The eligibility criteria for smaller residential developments have also been broadened. The previous $5 million minimum project value threshold has been removed and replaced with a requirement that projects deliver at least four homes.

Support has also increased for projects delivering fewer than 20 homes, with the guarantee now able to cover up to 75 per cent of dwellings in a development, capped at $30 million per project.

The changes are expected to particularly benefit smaller-scale and regional developments, which often face greater challenges meeting pre-sale requirements imposed by lenders.

Treasurer Daniel Mookhey said the scheme demonstrates how government can use its balance sheet to stimulate housing supply without relying solely on taxpayer-funded grants.

"The Pre-sale Finance Guarantee shows how this Government is using its balance sheet to reduce risk and unlock private investment, enabling new homes to move from design to construction faster," Mookhey said.

"This landmark reform allows us to deliver homes for working families at a lower cost to taxpayers, while also maintaining strong financial discipline."

Planning Minister Paul Scully said the program had already proven effective in bringing stalled projects to market.

"The Pre-sale Finance Guarantee has already proven it can unlock stalled projects and accelerate housing delivery by giving lenders the confidence they need to back good developments," Scully said.

"These changes will allow more affordable housing and smaller developments to access support so more homes can be built faster where communities need them most."

Housing Minister Rose Jackson said the expansion would help community housing providers overcome financing barriers that often delay projects.

"We know community housing providers are ready to build more homes, too often they're held back by barriers to finance," Jackson said.

"Expanding the Pre-sale Finance Guarantee helps remove those barriers so more affordable homes can get off the ground sooner."

The announcement was welcomed by the Property Council of Australia, which has long advocated for measures aimed at improving project feasibility and access to finance.

Property Council NSW Executive Director Katie Stevenson described the expansion as a practical intervention that addresses one of the most immediate constraints on housing delivery.

"This is exactly the kind of practical intervention we need right now, focused on getting projects out of the ground, not just approved," Stevenson said.

"It builds on a model the Property Council has worked closely with government to develop following calls for such a scheme ahead of last year's NSW Budget, so it's great to see it being expanded."

Stevenson said the reforms would help unlock projects that are ready to proceed but have been delayed by financing challenges. However, she noted that broader feasibility issues remain a significant barrier to increasing housing supply.

"The biggest challenge in NSW housing today is delivery. Too many projects have planning approval but are simply not financially viable to proceed under current settings," she said.

Speaking at the Property Council's NSW Housing Summit, Housing Minister Rose Jackson acknowledged that feasibility and financing pressures continue to constrain housing delivery, while reaffirming the government's commitment to work with industry on solutions.

Stevenson said the government's recognition of those challenges was encouraging ahead of next week's state budget.

"It's positive to see the government clearly recognising that feasibility pressures are now a binding constraint on supply," she said.

"With the Budget just days away, the focus must be on backing delivery, making sure projects stack up, finance can flow, and more homes can move from approval to construction."

The expanded Pre-sale Finance Guarantee forms part of the NSW Government's broader housing agenda, which also includes planning reforms, the NSW Housing Pattern Book, and a series of rezonings intended to increase housing capacity across the state.

NSW expands Pre-sale Finance Guarantee to unlock more affordable and regional housing

Design-led developer-builder Lowe Living has unveiled its latest residential development, Jardin House, marking its first foray into Melbourne's blue-chip City of Boroondara.

Located a short walk from Camberwell Junction, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/jardin-house-by-lowe-living-camberwell-335-camberwell-road-camberwell-vic-3124">Jardin House</a> has been designed to appeal to affluent local downsizers and established families seeking a low-maintenance alternative to the large homes that have long defined Camberwell and surrounding suburbs.

The project will comprise a collection of two and three-bedroom apartments ranging from 92 sqm to 280 sqm, alongside a limited number of penthouse residences featuring rooftop terraces spanning more than 100 sqm, with optional private pools.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372212]

Lowe Living Co-Founder and Managing Director Tim Lowe said Camberwell represented a natural next step for the developer as it expands into some of Melbourne's most tightly held residential markets.

"Jardin House is an important project for our team as it marks the next evolution of our portfolio into different well-established blue-chip pockets of Melbourne," Lowe said.

"Camberwell, with its incredible walkability, family-led neighbourhood feel and superb access to education and transport, makes it a natural choice for us."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372227]

Designed by Tristan Wong Architects, with interiors by Hecker Guthrie and landscaping by Acre, the development takes inspiration from the Art Deco architecture that remains a defining feature of many of Camberwell's established streets.

A curved facade, arched openings, textured brickwork and sculpted forms reference the suburb's architectural heritage, while extensive landscaping softens the building's presence and creates a strong connection to the surrounding tree-lined streetscape.

The project will be set behind a secure gated entrance, with residents arriving through landscaped gardens designed to create a transition between the public realm and private residences.

Inside, the residences feature natural stone and timber finishes, full-height glazing, Miele appliances and generous open-plan living areas designed for long-term owner occupation.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372225]

While the apartments themselves have been designed to attract discerning owner-occupiers, it is the amenity offering that sets Jardin House apart from many other boutique projects currently launching across Melbourne.

The centrepiece is a 350 sqm private bathhouse curated in partnership with Aurora Spa &amp; Bathhouse founder Lyndall Mitchell.

The wellness precinct includes mineral pools, hydrotherapy experiences, a Himalayan salt room, sauna, steam room, cold plunge pools and dedicated relaxation spaces, creating what Lowe Living describes as a private wellness retreat exclusively for residents.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=146717 project_image_fid=372222]

The collaboration follows Lowe Living's recent partnership with Aurora at Maison Savoy in Brighton, although Jardin House is the first project to incorporate both indoor and outdoor wellness experiences.

Emma Lowe, Co-Founder and Managing Director of Lowe Living, said wellness was becoming an increasingly important consideration for apartment buyers.

"Collaborating with Lyndall Mitchell from Aurora Spa &amp; Bathhouse for a second time is an intentional nod to creating residences that are more than just homes, but a way to enrich the lives of our residents through wellness and longevity," Lowe said.

The amenity offering is complemented by a Technogym fitness studio, residents' lounge, private dining spaces and concierge services.

The launch comes as developers increasingly target Melbourne's established eastern suburbs, where rising land values, ageing housing stock and growing downsizer demand are creating opportunities for boutique apartment projects.

Lowe said the company expects significant generational wealth transfer across suburbs such as Camberwell in coming years, creating further demand for luxury apartment living.

"Camberwell is a blue-chip suburb where homes regularly transact for multiple millions of dollars," he said.

"The generational change of wealth in these locations expected in the coming years is significant, so we see an opportunity to create exclusive residences that appeal to older families and downsizers in order to meet this demand."

Apartments at Jardin house start from $1,195,000. The project forms part of Lowe Living's near-$1 billion portfolio of new developments across Melbourne.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=146717]

Lowe Living launches Jardin House in Camberwell

As <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/north-sydney-nsw-2060">North Sydney</a> continues its transition from a commercial centre into a more layered residential and lifestyle precinct, a new generation of apartment developments is reshaping expectations around scale, amenity, and long-term liveability.

Improved transport connections through the Victoria Cross Metro, continued investment in dining and public spaces, and a constrained supply of new luxury apartments have sharpened demand for homes that combine proximity to the CBD with the privacy and outlook traditionally associated with harbourside houses.

At 177 Walker Street, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/aland">ALAND</a>’s new apartment development <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-walden-north-sydney-177-walker-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">The Walden</a> enters the market with a distinctly residential approach to high-rise living. The 30-level tower will deliver 161 residences, ranging from one-bedroom apartments through to sub-penthouses and a full-floor penthouse, all oriented to capture uninterrupted views across Sydney Harbour, the Opera House, and out toward the Pacific Ocean.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6395]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/rothelowman">Rothelowman</a>, the project takes advantage of the site’s natural topography and elevated position above the harbour. Rather than relying on density alone, the architecture focuses on outlook, orientation, and spatial flow, with every apartment occupying a corner position to maximise natural light and cross ventilation.

Rothelowman says the site itself shaped much of the architectural response.

“The site has a long history in terms of its inevitable transformation and when we came in, we took inspiration from the idea of reestablishing a sense of the site’s natural terrain and fall. Our scheme aims to integrate with the terrain and the landscape, using the undulating site to slowly reveal glimpses and views of the harbour. The rotation of the tower off grid means every apartment has a view and is naturally cross ventilated. The building's colour palette is quintessentially Sydney, with bronze and sandstone and a luminescent green colour in the glass, making it very earthy and grounded in its location.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6399]

Inside the residences, the emphasis moves toward larger-format living typically associated with standalone homes. Kitchens sit at the centre of the apartments, connecting directly to open-plan dining and living areas before extending outward into expansive winter gardens and balconies. Calacatta marble, bespoke joinery, integrated appliances, and custom metal detailing are used throughout, while three distinct interior palettes, Terrace, Opera, and Harbour, allow buyers to personalise the spaces without compromising the architectural consistency of the project.

The larger residences place particular attention on separation between entertaining and private zones. In many apartments, master suites occupy the outer corners of the floorplates, allowing bedrooms to benefit from floor-to-ceiling glazing and harbour outlooks independent of the living spaces. Dressing rooms and ensuites continue the material palette through fluted detailing, freestanding baths, and layered stone finishes.

Rothelowman says the design intent centred on creating homes that feel enduring rather than transient.

“Our philosophy is all about the way people live in these spaces, and we wanted to create homes that reflect the quality of life in this unique Sydney location. The apartments showcase expansive living spaces that are generous, sophisticated, and bold, with the ability to connect with views throughout each apartment.”

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=353235]

A separate four-storey amenity building known as The Pavilion expands the residential offering beyond the apartments themselves. Positioned alongside the tower, the building consolidates wellness, recreation, and social spaces into a dedicated resident retreat. Facilities include a 20-metre rooftop pool and sundeck, sauna, spa, ice bath, wellness studio, gymnasium, concierge service, wine cellar, residents’ lounge, private dining spaces, and dedicated co-working areas with meeting rooms and boardroom facilities.

The amenity mix reflects the buyer profile emerging in North Sydney, where owner-occupiers and downsizers are increasingly prioritising convenience, apartment scale, and long-term usability over purely investment-driven decisions.

The Walden also represents a significant milestone for ALAND, marking the company’s first major move into Sydney’s inner-city luxury apartment market after more than two decades delivering large-scale residential communities across Greater Sydney. Founder Andrew Hrsto says the Walker Street site stood apart because of both its positioning and its rarity.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=134323 project_image_fid=6390]

“As a company, we had been searching for a site in one of Sydney’s blue-chip locations, spanning the Eastern Suburbs, the Sydney CBD and the North Shore, and when we had the opportunity to purchase this site, we immediately recognised that it could be something iconic.”

At launch, The Walden recorded more than $103 million in sales, with buyers drawn to the project’s harbour positioning, apartment scale, and proximity to the Metro, which now connects North Sydney to Barangaroo in three minutes and Martin Place in five.

ALAND has commenced construction, and is expecting a completion date in 2028.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=134323]

The Walden pairs house-scale living with North Sydney connectivity

Highrise

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It’s danger time for investors tempted to buy high-rise apartments on the Gold Coast. 
There are few entities more skilled in the art of seduction than the Gold Coast propaganda machine. 
What makes it doubly dangerous is that the Gold Coast can spin a pretty plausible story right now, as long as it ignores its appalling record on capital growth.
There’s the high level of spending on infrastructure. There’s the billions that corporations, both Australian and foreign, want to throw at casinos, resort hotels, cruise ship terminals and mega high-rise apartment blocks. There’s the marketing appeal of the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Marketers can pull together some credible-sounding data which suggests that the oversupply of the past has been soaked up and that markets are growing again.
The marketing machine will have little trouble mounting a case that the market is beyond recovery and is rising rapidly. And there is no shortage of gun-for-hire companies purporting to be independent and willing to make a statistics-based case for the viability of all those new mega towers.
Last week a report claiming the Gold Coast will need another 133 apartment towers just to cope with the impending population boom got widespread media coverage. It’s amazing how readily media will take a piece of crystal-ball-gazing and turn it into fact for consumption by a gullible public. 
A bullish and self-serving forecast was converted into a statement that the population will jump 76% in the next 20 years. And “many of those people will need to be housed in high-rise apartments” and the population growth will “mean demand for 156,000 new dwellings to cope with the influx”.
I wonder how many investors will pause to consider the outcome if those predictions are wide of the mark. Population projections are never accurate. Even in the short periods between the official census counts, government and private sector population estimates are shown to be faulty, and sometimes wildly inaccurate.
Property investors are essentially herd animals and the impulse to follow the pack as it starts to stampede towards the latest Gold Coast mirage will be irresistible for many. The FOMO Syndrome will drive too many to pay too much for generic high-rise dwellings in an oversupplied market and spend the next five to ten years regretting it.
It’s all happened many times before on the Gold Coast. But investors seldom learn the lessons of history, in some cases because they are blissfully ignorant of it.
They need to know that the Gold Coast has not yet fully emerged from the most recent glut of high-rise apartments, one that has taken six years to absorb. In that time property values have gone backwards in all the major high-rise suburbs – and are still in reverse.
Two major research sources – Australian Property Monitors and the Real Estate Institute of Queensland – confirm that the median prices for apartments Surfers Paradise, Main Beach, Broadbeach and Southport remain significantly lower than they were five years ago.
And prices are still falling. In the past 12 months, prices have fallen further in Surfers Paradise (down 2.9%), Main Beach (down 4.1%) and Southport (down 4.3%). 
In the cases of both Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach, apartments are worth less today than they were in 2005. For both Main Beach and Southport, prices are still at the same levels as 10 years ago. The investors who bought in these locations a decade ago have had no capital growth at all. How many markets can you say that about?
In Surfers Paradise, prices fell in the past three months, the past 12 months ago, the past three years, the past five years and the past 10 years. Not a single growth figure to be found. Of all the big-name markets around Australia, perhaps only Noosa on the Sunshine Coast is a bigger dud. 
Those who bought in the Gold Coast high-rise markets five years ago have lost a lot of money. In Main Beach, the median unit price has dropped from $652,000 in 2010 to $561,000 today. The average punter is $91,000 worse off. There are similar results for Surfers Paradise, Broadbeach and Southport.
And it’s all about to happen all over again. Only this time, the outcomes will be worse, because the towers being built are larger and more numerous.
For investors who are susceptible to a strong marketing pitch, it’s time to be afraid, be very afraid.
Terry Ryder is the founder of <a href="https://www.hotspotting.com.au/" target="_blank">hotspotting.com.au</a>. You can <a href="https://mailto:ryder@hotspotting.com.au" target="_blank">email him</a> or follow him on <a href="https://twitter.com/hotspotting" target="_blank">Twitter.</a>
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terryryder-YECXbqmri2

Beware the Gold Coast propaganda machine: Terry Ryder

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Implosion is the most dramatic way of demolishing a building but it’s also the most wasteful and hazardous.
We are entering a new world where skyscrapers and other huge buildings are becoming redundant and need significant overhaul or replacement. The process is called unbuilding or, if you’re a bit highfalutin, deconstruction.
These so-called <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/spreadsheets-in-the-sky-are-putting-melbourne-s-liveability-at-risk-20191203-p53gek" target="_blank">spreadsheet towers</a> populate every major city. They signalled modernity and provided huge profits for those who built them. But these buildings are <a href="/news">profligate users of fuels</a> for light, power and services.
Most developed world cities started building skyscrapers after the second world war. These buildings were <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/International-Style-architecture" target="_blank">International Style</a> architecture, unrecognisable is terms of a particular locale, universal in terms of their ubiquitous metal, concrete, glass – and fully air-conditioned. Now they are ageing, their use-by date is up and their balance sheet profitability no longer attracts.
The challenges of demolition and reuse
The question is: how do we safely dismantle these high-rise structures, which are generally located in busy cities?
Reminders of the dangers of explosive demolition are tragedies such as the <a href="https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6030620/katie-benders-family-commemorate-20-years-since-royal-canberra-hospital-implosion/" target="_blank">death of 12-year-old Katie Bender</a>. She was struck by flying debris when the Royal Canberra Hospital was razed in 1997 to make way for the new National Museum of Australia.
A recent demolition, and the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/889563/soms-iconic-270-park-avenue-at-risk-of-becoming-the-largest-building-ever-to-be-demolished">tallest ever to be unbuilt</a>, is 270 Park Avenue, New York City (pictured). Its 52 floors were built in 1960 for the Union Carbide chemical company. The building was for 50 years the tallest ever designed by a female architect (Natalie de Bios of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Is that another low hit for gender equality?) Its replacement by architects Norman Foster will be <a href="/news">twice as high</a>.
The business of disassembling these skyscrapers is just now developing, but it will gain pace as more become obsolete.
Some still get imploded, but usually, in a busy city, demolition techniques must be unobtrusive, as quiet and clean as possible. The <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780865476752">techniques used for cleaning up the World Trade Centre</a> testify to the wastefulness of a more destructive approach.
So how best to demolish a high-rise building?
Plenty of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/18/science/tricky-ways-to-pull-down-a-skyscraper">clever techniques to demolish</a> exist. Some start at the base and work up, others in reverse.
The 40-storey Akasaka Prince Hotel in Tokyo was slowly <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1160452/eco-friendly-japanese-demolition-scheme-slashes-dust-and-noise">demolished in 2012-13</a> using a technique where a cap was built on top of the building. It was stripped floor by floor as the cap was lowered, so all the dust, mess and debris was contained and removed with no effect on the environment.
Buildings are wrapped in scaffold and protective fabric then literally dismantled in the reverse order to which they were built. In the process building waste can be recycled and reused rather than dumped.
Reverse building involves removing the glass, then the frames, taking off the wall cladding, then scraping away at the concrete and steel frames bit by bit. Concrete is removed to expose the steel reinforcing bars, which are then separately removed and recycled. In the process unwanted material can be uncovered, like asbestos, which needs particular care in handling.
Interiors are unbuilt the same way – remove floor coverings, cupboards, doors and lightweight walls, strip the electrical wiring and pipes, take out air conditioning and lifts, remove stairs and escalators.
These removalists act smartly, as materials and fabric are recycled and often reused for another building. It is a sustainable way of dealing with the issue. Things that might normally have been reduced to dust and mud by destruction are instead usefully salvaged and recovered for an extended life cycle.
As part of the benefits of this procedure, unbuilding provides <a href="https://www.huduser.gov/Publications/PDF/deconstruct.pdf">large numbers of construction jobs and associated employment</a> in transportation, waste management and recycling.
It also provides new construction sites. This means cities need not expand beyond existing boundaries and the infrastructure of services, roads and public transport need not be extended.
Building with an eye to unbuilding
What has interested those involved with this work is the capacity of building designers (let’s call them architects) to creatively improve their buildings in terms of life after use-by date. Techniques are being developed that assist in unbuilding and salvaging materials, even down to basic principles such as ease of access to pipes and wires, modular components and simplified connection practices.
The logic is that clarity of building structure and services makes retrieval simpler. Less complexity of materials and components means a building can be untangled more efficiently.
Fastening devices can be simplified and mechanical (rather than using glues and sealants), toxic materials avoided, materials selected with an afterlife in mind and structures designed for simplicity and accessibility. Also important is a clear set of as-built documents that map the original building so it can be disassembled.
Clear design thinking will have value for unbuilding and recycling in the future.
Making construction more sustainable
The construction industry is a main consumer of fuels, timber, steel and other metals, concrete and plastics. That demand drives the logging of forests, mining and extraction, leading to material production and transport that contributes to emissions and pollution.
The UK Green Building Council <a href="https://www.ukgbc.org/climate-change/">estimates</a> the construction industry generates about 22% of UK carbon emissions, uses 40% of drinking water, contributes 50% to climate change and over half our landfill waste, and accounts for 39% of global energy use. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also <a href="https://archive.epa.gov/greenbuilding/web/pdf/gbstats.pdf">reports</a> that the industry contributes to asthma and lung cancer by producing radon via contaminated applied finishes (paint).
Driving the need for much greater reuse of old building materials is an awareness of the fragility of our resources and the energy we use to consume them.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/129002/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/norman-day-228477">Norman Day</a>, Lecturer in Architecture, Practice and Design, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/swinburne-university-of-technology-767">Swinburne University of Technology</a>
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/unbuilding-cities-as-high-rises-reach-their-use-by-date-129002">original article</a>.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Unbuilding cities as high-rises reach their use-by date: Norman Day

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The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) recently released the quarterly building activity data for December 2018.
The release is a treasure-trove of data and includes information on dwelling commencements, dwelling completions, dwellings under construction and dwellings approved for construction but not commenced.
This release has published very valuable data on the number of units commenced by the number of storeys.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/4/19/Blog_001.png" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/4/19/Blog_001.png" alt=""> 
Source: CoreLogic, ABS
In terms of dwelling commencements, there was a significant slowdown over the quarter. In fact, house starts fell 7.6% over the quarter to their lowest level (27,088) since March 2017.
Unit commencements recorded a much larger -26.8% decline to 19,134 commencements, the fewest over a quarter since September 2013 and the largest quarterly decline in commencements since September 1974 when they fell -32.5%.
Despite the falls, both house and unit commencements remain above their long-term average.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/4/19/Blog_002.png" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge:
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/4/19/Blog_002.png" alt=""> 
Source: CoreLogic, ABS
The most notable change in the landscape of dwelling commencements over recent years has been the lift in apartment starts and more recently their fall.
The increase in higher density construction has primarily been driven by the three most populous states, or more specifically, the capital cities of each of those states.
Over the past five years, every state and territory has seen unit commencements reach historic high levels, demonstrating a clear shift towards higher density development (that isn’t to say that detached housing construction hasn’t also climbed significantly over the period).
More recently, as the housing market has turned and values have started to fall we can see there is a reduced preparedness of developers to commence new projects.
We would expect that commencements, particularly for units, are likely to continue to trend lower over the coming quarters as housing values continue to record value falls, finance remains tight, and both domestic and foreign investors remain light on the ground.
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2019/4/19/Blog_003.png" target="_blank">Click here </a>to enlarge:
<img src="https://www.urban.com.au/images/2019/4/19/Blog_003.png" alt=""> 
Source: CoreLogic, ABS
In the latest building activity release the ABS published a further breakdown of annual unit commencements by the height of the building.
While the number of commencements has climbed significantly over recent years, it is interesting to note that commencements of units in a one to three storey block has been relatively steady.
Anecdotally, the demand/supply ratio of medium density dwellings remains much healthier relative to high density products.
Conversely, there has been significant increases in commencements of taller buildings over recent years with commencements now beginning to ease.
This reflects both the unit construction boom and also the fact that as the cost of acquiring sites has increased developers have sought approvals for taller buildings in an effort to maximise their yield and to recoup acquisition costs and maximise profits.
With dwelling commencements expected to continue to fall, the decline doesn’t negate the fact that many developers have paid high prices to acquire sites.
As a result we would expect that despite an expectation of fewer commencements going forward, those projects that do commence will largely be taller apartment projects.
Notwithstanding that expectation, larger projects are generally riskier for the developer and achieving sufficient presales to commence a project is more of a challenge when there are more units to sell.
In order to maintain profitability of projects it is highly likely that as values continue to decline that dwelling commencements will continue to fall.
CAMERON KUSHER is the head of research for the Australian branch of CoreLogic
Kusher regularly posts on the <a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/taxonomy/corelogic-people/cameron-kusher" target="_blank">CoreLogic website</a>.
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ckusher-ujnxiKuFQs

The increasing prevalence of highrise construction: Cameron Kusher

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
Dwelling approvals jumped 19.1% in Feb driven by a big spike in high rise approvals.
The spike is almost certainly a one-off making the headline result a misleading 'rogue'. Indeed, approvals ex high rise look to have been significantly weaker than expected. The consensus forecast going into the release was for total approvals to decline 1.8%. Approvals ex high rise instead look to have fallen 3.4%.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/4/5/New%20Project%202.jpg" alt="">
The detail showed a 3.6% fall in detached house approvals in the month, the 3 month rolling average down 4% on Nov and 10.9%yr, the significant deterioration since mid 2018 clearly carrying into early 2019. Around units, our estimates suggest 'high rise' approvals jumped 135% in the month, led by spectacular rises in NSW (+130% month) and Vic (+213%) the latter coming from an extreme low in Jan.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/4/5/New%20Project%203.jpg" alt="">
The fact that both states recorded big gains indicates the spike is not due to just a single project. However, the gain comes very much against the run of play for housing and this specific segment and runs counter to the evidence we have around site purchases. As such it is almost certainly a 'rogye' result. Medium density units were down about 2.4% in the month.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/4/5/New%20Project%204.jpg" alt="">
The high rise spike dominated the state breakdown, with big gains in NSW and Vic. Ex high rise, approvals look to have been particularly weak in NSW with apparent declines in Vic and WA as well but a solid gain in Qld. All major states are seeing significant declines in non high rise approvals – on a rolling 3mth basis, NSW is down 14.5%yr, Vic is down 12.6%yr, Qld is down 22%yr and WA is down 13.2%yr.
The total value of renovation approvals rose 4.4%mth to be up 3.6% on a rolling 3mth average basis, with a decent uptrend in place. The state detail shows solid gains coming through in Qld and WA but a less convincing uptrend in NSW and Vic.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/4/5/New%20Project%205.jpg" alt="">
The total value of non res building approvals rose 2.1%mth but is still down 8%yr on a rolling 3mth basis. Abstracting from monthly volatility, which is never that easy for this segment, the last few months has shown some lift in offices and steady reads for retail, warehouses and industrial approvals but softer reads for hotels, education, health and other social sectors.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2019/4/5/New%20Project%206.jpg" alt="">
Overall the monthly rise in total dwelling approvals should clearly be ignored – Australia's high rise building boom is not about to reignite any time soon, with the key takeaway instead the more disappointing momentum evident in non high rise approvals.
Other housing market indicators have hinted at some stabilisation in conditions in recent weeks, although the evidence remains only tentative. The flow through to new construction could be much slower given funding difficulties and the substantial increases in new supply coming through.
MATTHEW HASSAN is a Senior Economist for Westpac
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Matthew_Hassan-HHWHptmrw4

Dwelling approvals spike is a rogue one: Westpac's Matthew Hassan

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<div class="column">GUEST OBSERVER</div>
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<div class="column">Dwelling approvals dropped 8.7 percent in Sep, larger than the market expectation of a 3 percent fall but within the range of ‘normal’ volatility for month to month reads.</div>
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<div class="column">The detail shows a sharp 16.3 percent drop in units was the main driver in the month – with-in this segment the ‘usual culprit’ when there is volatility - high rise approvals – was down just over 20 percent in the month but down only slightly on a year ago, reflecting the high starting point following a big surge in July. Even with a dip last month, August was the fourth highest reading on record.</div>
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<div class="column"><a href="/images/2016/11/03/Screen%20Shot%202016-11-03%20at%208.13.02%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
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<div class="column">Outside of ‘high rise’ the monthly moves were mixed but mostly hint at an underlying trend softening. Private sector house approvals were up 2.3% but ‘mid-rise’ were down over 10 percent. The combined picture from ‘non high rise’ approvals now show a trend decline for six consecutive months tracking at a 10-15 percent annual pace. The state detail shows this coming through across all the main states – a more convincing though still tentative sign of a broad underlying slowdown.</div>
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<div class="column"><a href="/images/2016/11/03/Screen%20Shot%202016-11-03%20at%208.14.19%20AM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></div>
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 The signal from ‘high rise’ remains much less conclusive – despite the latest monthly drop it is unclear whether the segment is levelling out or turning down with approvals uneven across the major states as well (up strongly on a year ago for NSW but lacking a clear direction in Vic and Qld).</div>
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 The value of renovation approvals declined 2.2 percent to be down 10.6 percent/yr, pointing to a clear softening heading into year end after strong gains in the first half of 2016.</div>
<div class="column">
 The value of non res building approvals spiked sharply in Sep (+119 percent!). The gain came from a mix of retail, office, hotels and entertainment &amp; recreation buildings – the breadth of the gain a promising sign that it may not be just a 'one-off'. State-wise, all of the gain is coming from NSW and Vic.</div>
<div class="column">
 Overall, the update provides more tentative evidence of an underlying slowdown in non high rise dwelling approvals but the picture on high rise remains very uncertain. The mix still looks relatively constructive for new dwelling construction in 2017 – when the continued ramp up in apartment work looks set to more than offset the slowdown in other segments. The near term path of high rise approvals is more critical for activity in 2018.</div>
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<div class="column">The September pull back in this segments falls well short of a decisive signal – it would take similar-sized moves in the next few months to signal the sort of 'break out' weakening that would indicate a sharp wind down in high rise activity is on the way. </div>
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<div class="column">Matthew Hassan is senior economist with <a href="https://www.westpac.com.au/" target="_blank">Westpac</a>.</div>
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

High rise approvals drop after July surge: Matthew Hassan

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A charge of $900 per dwelling for new Hoddle Grid residential towers has been passed unanimously by the Melbourne City Council as they look to fund necessary infrastructure for an expected population surge.
The charge is to create a $26.5 million fund for public infrastructure needed for the expected 14,200 new residents by 2031.
However, it’s less certain who will be footing the bill.
While they are more officially called ‘developer contributions’ Fairfax Media reported that Melbourne lord mayor Robert Doyle said it is a charge that will be simply passed straight on to the purchasers of the residential units.
The levy will be regardless of when applications were lodged and will come into existence from next month.
With 25,210 residents, according to Robyn Hellman, actring manager strategic planning in the Report to the Future Melbourne (Planning) Committee, the area is rapidly growing with 9,547 new dwellings expected in 2031. This required 3,792 square metres of new community infrastructure.
The report notes that a $900 levy would be a “modest impost” on development, and in conjunction with the proposed open space contribution it would total $3,800 on a $500,000 apartment, or 0.76% of the value.
It notes that this is comparable with Central Sydney’s 1% levies. Brisbane has similar levies and in Victoria the City of Moreland collects an average of $800 per dwelling, while the City of Darebin collects an average of $851 per dwelling.
The maximum under the Act for this levy is $900, though it’s noted that to reach the infrastructure contribution it would likely need to be $1,659.12.
Another 5,260 apartments are currently under consideration for approval, and are likely subject to the levy.
From 1 July 2015, the state government is looking to introduce a standard infrastructure levy of $4,500 per dwelling.
“However the mechanisms for its application have not been defined. While the Hoddle Grid appears to fit the criteria for an SDA, this has not yet been determined by the State Government,” the report notes.
The report also suggests strongly considering the Hoddle Grid as a State Development Area.
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