Legacy Property is taking its new&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/north-sydney-nsw-2060">North Sydney</a> development to the NSW Government.

They've submitted a State Significant Development proposal for a mixed-use building with 35 apartments, 10 of which will be affordable, above a two-storey commercial podium at <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/1-church-street-north-sydney-nsw-2060">1 Church Lane</a>.

The new development comprise 35 apartments, 10 of which are affordable, above a two-storey commercial podium. The plan includes the retention and adaptive reuse of the heritage-listed shopfront at 265 Pacific Highway, integrating it into the ground-level frontage.

According to the Scoping Report prepared by Planning Lab, the design “responds to the broader priority and urgent demand for affordable housing” while incorporating a “tower above consisting of 35 residential apartments and communal roof garden”.&nbsp;

Positioned within 300 metres of Victoria Cross Metro Station, the site qualifies for Housing SEPP incentives, including a 30 per cent bonus to height and floor space ratio, which the proposal seeks to utilise.

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/nettletontribe">Nettletontribe</a>, the building would rise 10 to 13 storeys, with a stepped massing strategy to transition from the Pacific Highway frontage down to the finer-grain character of Church Lane. The two-level podium includes new commercial tenancies, communal open space, and landscaping.&nbsp;

Winter gardens have been integrated into apartments along the highway elevation to mitigate noise impacts, and Church Lane is set to be widened to six metres to improve access and separation from lower-scale dwellings to the east.

Nettletontribe said in the documents submitted as part of the application that the proposal delivers a well-resolved mixed-use development that responds to its urban and heritage context along Pacific Highway, North Sydney.

"Positioned along a key section of the Pacific Highway corridor, the site forms part of a transitional zone between the North Sydney CBD and the emerging Crows Nest and St Leonards centres. The design responds to this dual context—addressing the scale and intensity of the highway frontage while engaging sensitively with the finer grain and heritage character of Church Lane and West Street."

<img alt="Legacy" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="629ff458-3b46-4f72-a01b-aade8baf8b2d" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screenshot%202025-08-07%20at%2012.03.14%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=kNYKtqbXY1Gjov794jKtaOJmhFm15gUS" />

As the Scoping Report notes, “the design of the proposal is still consistent with the objective of [ADG] controls to maintain the privacy of neighbouring properties,” with separations and setbacks applied particularly along Church Lane.

The proposed envelope is largely consistent with the uplift previously approved through Planning Proposal PP-2021-2926, which designated the site as part of a Southern Transition Area in the North Sydney Civic Precinct Planning Study. That designation supports mid-rise, mixed-use development to bridge the scale between the North Sydney CBD and nearby heritage areas.

The site spans 1,099 sqm and includes four properties. While 253-263 Pacific Highway will be demolished, the heritage item at 265 will be retained and adapted for commercial or community use.&nbsp;

The development includes four levels of basement car parking accessed from Church Lane, with a total of 55 car spaces planned, exceeding minimum Housing SEPP requirements.

Legacy Property, led by CEO Matthew Hyder, has two projects in Macquarie Park, totalling nearly 400 apartments.

Designed by Nettletontribe, the building would rise 10 to 13 storeys, with a stepped massing strategy to transition from the Pacific Highway frontage down to the finer-grain character of Church Lane

Joel Robinson

First look: Legacy Property proposes shoptop housing on North Sydney fringe

Sydney’s residential market continued its gentle climb in July, with dwelling values up 0.6 per cent over the month and 1.8 per cent across the rolling quarter.

The affordability gap between units and houses is continuing to wide. Units values grew by 0.2 per cent over July, whereas houses jumped by 0.8 per cent, Cotality's Home Value Index found.

Units in the harbour capital are now up 1.3 per cent over the quarter, compared to 1.9 per cent for houses.

Sydney median unit value is $868,000, some $662,000 less than the $1.53 million house median.

Sydney’s relative strength echoes broader capital city resilience, with combined capital values also up 0.6 per cent for the month and 1.8 per cent over the quarter. The gains are underpinned by interest rate cuts earlier in the year, tight listings, and steadily improving buyer confidence.

<h2>What happened in Sydney’s off the plan apartment market in July?</h2>

There were some major moves in the Sydney off the plan apartment market, from Sydney's biggest developers.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/lendlease-development">Lendlease</a>&nbsp;formalised a new joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Asia and Nippon Steel Kowa Real Estate to develop a $2.5 billion luxury project at 175 Liverpool Street.

<img alt="Lendlease announces partners for its $2.5 billion luxury development on Hyde Park" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Bates%20Smart_175%20Liverpool%20Street%2002-min.jpg?VersionId=2l2XiHSdIP5a_Ei_Y3yft5eLPJ6kLX3G" />

Located on the southern edge of Hyde Park, the dual-tower development will deliver up to 300 high-end residences with north-facing views toward the Opera House and Harbour, alongside 2,000 sqm of retail and commercial space.

Construction is targeted to begin in 2027, pending approvals.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/lendlease-announces-partners-for-its-2-5-billion-luxury-development-on-hyde-park">Lendlease announces partners for its $2.5 billion luxury development on Hyde Park</a>

On the Lower North Shore, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/traders-in-purple">Traders In Purple</a> and joint venture partner Sydney Anglican Property were granted planning approval for the renewal of St Andrew’s Anglican Church in <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/lane-cove-nsw-2066" target="">Lane Cove</a>.

The development will offer 48 two and three-bedroom apartments, many of which will enjoy dual aspect, enhancing outlooks and cross-flow ventilation.

The existing parish church, built in 1924, will be retained and sensitively adapted into a meeting place and portal to the new contemporary auditorium and ministry spaces, linking old and new.

Traders In Purple CEO Brett Robinson said redevelopment of the site had been enthusiastically supported by many members of the local community.

“There is a demand for high-quality, well-designed, premium apartments for locals wanting to downsize in their neighbourhood and those wanting to raise their family in a highly desirable suburb without the burden of a high-maintenance house and yard.

“It was very clear to us that the local community is also in need of a larger performance space, and we look forward to providing the community with a fantastic new venue that will support the cultural richness of Lane Cove.”

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/traders-in-purple-and-sydney-anglican-property-greenlit-for-lane-cove-project">Traders in Purple and Sydney Anglican Property greenlit for Lane Cove project</a>

Over in the eastern suburbs, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/toga-group">TOGA</a> reached a significant milestone at The Kensington, with the development officially topping out.

The Anzac Parade building is being delivered by Gold Star iCIRT-rated builder <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/dasco-australia" target="">DASCO</a>, who can start to turn their attention toward the exterior of the building, and the fitout of the 142 one, two, and three-bedroom apartments strategically located opposite the Kensington Light Rail stop.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=110959 project_image_fid=307645]

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-kensington-147-151-anzac-parade-kensington-nsw-2033">The Kensington</a> forms part of a broader revitalisation effort along the light rail corridor in Sydney’s inner south.

Residents will move in midway through 2026.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/toga-tops-out-the-kensington-reshaping-anzac-parade-light-rail-corridor">TOGA tops out The Kensington, reshaping Anzac Parade light rail corridor</a>

Sekisui House Australia released the latest stage of their Melrose Park urban renewal precinct.

<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/sekisui-house-australia">Sekisui House Australia</a>, in partnership with Hankyu Hanshin Properties, has opened expressions of interest for <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/aeris-melrose-park-86-wharf-road-melrose-park-nsw-2114">Aeris</a>, the sixth and most elevated stage in the $5 billion Melrose Park master planned community in Sydney’s north-west.

<img alt="Sekisui House Australia reveals Aeris, Melrose Park’s latest stage" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Aeris_Stage%206_1_0.jpg?VersionId=xsMRsasGYnnQoaLLmwqtSFAsOQv8ZZJN" />

Aeris will comprise 468 apartments across two tall 20 and 24-storey slender towers. Prices start from $649,000 up to $1.55 million, with internal sizes ranging from 50 to 130 sqm.

As sustainability credentials become more central to buyer expectations, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/melrose-park-nsw-2114">Melrose Park</a> continues to model future-facing urban design.

Construction of Aeris is anticipated to commence in late 2025, with the first lower tower due for completion in Q4 2027 and the second and third towers expected in 2028.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/sekisui-house-australia-reveals-aeris-melrose-park-s-latest-stage">Sekisui House Australia reveals Aeris, Melrose Park’s latest stage</a>

In <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/crows-nest-nsw-2065">Crows Nest</a>, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/deicorp">Deicorp</a> broke ground on <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/falcon-alexander-8-alexander-street-crows-nest">Falcon &amp; Alexander</a>, offering around 100 apartments near the new Metro station.

Conceived by award-winning architects <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/turner-studio">TURNER</a>, Falcon &amp; Alexander will create a vibrant vertical village in the heart of one of Sydney’s most connected neighbourhoods. Thoughtfully arranged around a central atrium and lush communal gardens, residences will enjoy panoramic views over Sydney Harbour and the Lower North Shore, with interiors designed for modern, light-filled living.

<img alt="Deicorp breaks ground at Falcon &amp; Alexander, Crows Nest apartments" data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/f_auto,c_limit,w_1440,q_auto/https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/field/image/Screenshot%202025-07-28%20at%203.55.17%E2%80%AFPM.png?VersionId=3IIFc1X8W6tPGj.P6xmw_2limcEUkinJ" />

Residents will benefit from premium amenities, including a resident-only skygarden, and boutique retail and dining spaces on the ground floor, all integrated with the local urban fabric.

With proximity to transport and established retail precincts, the development is well-positioned to capture demand from downsizers and city professionals alike.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/deicorp-breaks-ground-at-falcon-alexander-crows-nest-apartments">Deicorp breaks ground at Falcon &amp; Alexander, Crows Nest apartments</a>

In the upper north, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/capital-corporation">Capital Corporation</a> advanced <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/new-apartments/the-residences-at-wahroonga-estate-169-fox-valley-road-wahroonga-nsw-2076">The Residences at Wahroonga Estate</a>&nbsp;masterplan by appointing DASCO to build the first stage. This is the first partnership between Capital Corporation and DASCO, bringing together two award-winning property powerhouses in what promises to be a defining project for the region.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=135247 project_image_fid=3629]

The move followed over $90 million in early sales, highlighting appetite for prestige residential offerings in leafy, well-connected locales.

Construction on the first 128 residences will commence in the coming months, with completion targeted for late 2027.

Read more: <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/news/nsw/capital-corporation-appoints-dasco-to-build-the-first-stage-at-the-residences-at-wahroonga-estate-after-90m-in-sales">Capital Corporation appoints DASCO to build the first stage at The Residences at Wahroonga Estate after $90m in sales</a>

City Beat July 2025: Sydney’s apartment upswing gathers pace as Sydney's biggest developers make major moves

The surge in affordability-led developments in Palm Beach is continuing with the recent launch of Corallo, where prices start from just over $800,000.

International developer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/changfa-group">Changfa</a>&nbsp;has tapped into a pocket of relative affordability to the west of the Gold Coast Highway, where apartments can be sold at considerably lower price points than on the eastern side of the Gold Coast Highway.

Coralla, at 5 Palm Beach Avenue, just 130 metres to the beach, will rise 21 storeys and home 105 one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments, as well as four exclusive penthouses. Several of the one and two-beds offer an additional study.

&nbsp;

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112194 project_image_fid=808]

Designed by <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/plus-architecture">Plus Architecture</a>, Corallo brings together soft coastal materials and sculptural forms to deliver a distinctly contemporary interpretation of beachside living.&nbsp;

Interiors are anchored by a refined natural palette, with fluted stone island benches, engineered timber flooring, and brushed copper finishes.&nbsp;Buyers can select from two interior schemes, each designed to suit both owner-occupier preferences and long-term coastal durability.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112194 project_image_fid=799]

The four penthouses each span two levels and offer nearly 330 sqm of indoor and outdoor living. They feature rooftop terraces with private plunge pools,&nbsp;outdoor kitchens, and fire pit areas.

&nbsp;

The resident amenity is being positioned on level two, looking across to the beach opposite. That will feature a&nbsp;wet-edge pool, cold plunge, gym, sauna, steam room, yoga deck, fire pit and day beds.&nbsp;

A residents lounge and work-from-home zones are located on Level 3, while five commercial tenancies at podium level introduce retail and dining options to the corner of Palm Beach Avenue and the Gold Coast Highway.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=112194 project_image_fid=814]

Corallo enters the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/palm-beach-qld-4221">Palm Beach</a> market at a time of renewed focus on owner-occupier-driven design and lifestyle amenity. The suburb has seen increasing demand from downsizers and local buyers seeking proximity to the beach, walkable dining, and low-maintenance living without compromising on space.

The development’s location places residents within walking distance of Tallebudgera Creek, Burleigh Heads village, Currumbin Alley and Palm Beach Currumbin High School. The Gold Coast Airport is under 10 minutes away, enhancing appeal for both owner-occupiers and short-stay users.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=112194]

Corallo enters the Palm Beach market at a time of renewed focus on owner-occupier-driven design and lifestyle amenity

Coastal convenience minus the price tag: Changfa launches Corallo Palm Beach

The much-anticipated new residential release at Moonee Valley Park (MVP), the $3 billion redevelopment of the Moonee Valley Racecourse, has hit the market.

The latest stage, The Eveline, introduces a building with two architectural forms seamlessly connected by a communal lobby, The Eveline East and The Eveline West, a biophilic architectural approach by sought-after architecture practice <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/architects/cera-stribley-architects">Cera Stribley</a>.

Positioned at the centre of the precinct and surrounded by 20 hectares of green open space, <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/new-apartments/the-eveline-33-dean-street-moonee-ponds-vic-3039">The Eveline</a> draws on the site’s natural and historical context.&nbsp;

“The site’s proximity to the <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developments/moonee-ponds-vic-3039">Moonee Ponds</a> Creek inspired the beautiful organic curves to the building façade,” said Dom Cerantonio, Co-founder and Managing Principal at Cera Stribley.&nbsp;

“We wanted to continue the vegetation beyond the podium and right up the building to engage with residents on the upper floors."

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3137]

The $3 billion precinct is a joint venture between developer <a href="https://www.apartments.com.au/developers/hamton">Hamton</a> and leading industry superannuation fund Hostplus, in partnership with Moonee Valley Racing Club.

“The Eveline will be an exemplar of nature-based excellence, the uniqueness of these homes is grounded in biophilic design, its curved form, exceptional lifestyle amenities, breathtaking city views, and its setting within a sprawling 40-hectare botanical park," Hamton’s Executive Chairman Paul Hameister said.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3143]

Residences range from one to three bedrooms, including three exclusive penthouse homes, with pricing from $525,000 to $4,995,000.

The Classic Residences overlook the Moonee Valley Park gardens and Moonee Ponds, featuring Smeg appliances and layouts of up to three bedrooms. The Grand Residences offer sweeping views of the Moonee Valley Racecourse and the city skyline, and are complemented by Miele appliances and natural stone finishes.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3144]

The project incorporates a suite of 5-star amenities, including a porte-cochère drop-off, co-working hub, 25-metre lap pool with city views, and an expansive rooftop with lounge dining spaces, and communal vegetable gardens.

Additional wellness features include a gym and yoga room with views of the racetrack and skyline, as well as steam and sauna facilities.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=142519 project_image_fid=3135]

Hamton’s Managing Director Matt Malseed said The Eveline appeals to downsizers with its generous layouts and low-maintenance living.

“Cera Stribley’s diverse range of floorplan layouts makes the most of the surrounding green spaces and sweeping nature views.

“At The Eveline, there is a perfect residence for every household, and this diversity in design helps foster community and connection.

Located just six kilometres from the Melbourne CBD, Moonee Valley Park is fast emerging as a new residential enclave in the city’s north, with previous stages sold out. The precinct’s integration of green space, lifestyle amenity, and varied product mix has driven strong interest from a broad buyer demographic, particularly among downsizers seeking quality without compromise.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=142519]

Hamton launches The Eveline at Moonee Valley Park, offering biophilic design and five-star amenities

It was in 2018 when diversified developer <a data-end="192" data-start="152" rel="noopener" target="_new">Citinova</a> decided to look beyond the Melbourne CBD for their next residential development opportunity.

They were searching for a suburb with little to no new apartment supply—positioning what they would create as a rare opportunity in a location where such offerings had not previously existed.

Their search led them to Greensborough, 17 kilometres northeast of the Melbourne CBD, where it had been years since a new residential development had launched.

Citinova acquired a prime 1,633 sqm site on Poulter Avenue, on the edge of the Greensborough Town Centre and just a stone’s throw from Greensborough Station.

They recently completed Albero, a boutique collection of just 45 one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments. The final few residences are now selling.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=4722 project_image_fid=240437]

Albero stands out thanks to its scale and setting: a mid-rise development nestled among established parklands and within walking distance to the upgraded Greensborough Station, the Main Street retail precinct, and Greensborough Plaza.

Citinova collaborated with Point Architects, InvoDesign, and interiors studio Biasol to deliver Albero, with a design focus inspired by the surrounding natural environment and colour palettes drawn from the Australian bushland.

Apartments feature large balconies, flexible floorplans, and energy-efficient inclusions such as double-glazed windows and rainwater harvesting—elements that align with increasing interest in sustainability.

Shared terraces and upper-level outdoor zones extend the living environment and foster passive interaction between residents, while ground-level landscaping enhances the project’s leafy surroundings.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=4722 project_image_fid=240438]

Greensborough itself is a well-established suburb, now experiencing renewed interest due to its upgraded infrastructure, abundant green space, and steady demographic growth.

The suburb has been identified as a high-priority precinct by the Victorian Government and is forecast to see a 7% population increase by 2027.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=4722 project_image_fid=240441]

Accessibility remains one of Greensborough’s key advantages. Following recent transport upgrades, residents can now walk to the nearby train station and reach Melbourne’s city centre in under 40 minutes. A new pedestrian bridge connects the development to Para Road and the Plenty River Trail, improving walkability and local amenity.

Road connections via Greensborough Road and the Metropolitan Ring Road further enhance mobility to surrounding suburbs, including the airport and inner Melbourne.

The suburb also boasts strong community infrastructure, with multiple schools, healthcare services, and sporting facilities nearby. Public open spaces such as Kalparrin Gardens, Poulter Reserve, and the Plenty River corridor offer a rare mix of urban convenience and natural beauty.

Apartments at Albero are now complete and ready to move in.

[smartcode_project_cta:default project_id=4722]

Buying brand new where new doesn't exist: Inside Citinova’s Albero Apartments in Greensborough

Gig Economy

<html><body>
EXPERT OBSERVATION
It is fair to say that the 111k or 0.9% rise in employment was a big surprise. The market had been looking for –35k while Westpac was forecasting –50k.
We had based our forecast on the observation of a –1.0% fall in Weekly Payrolls in the first two weeks of August compared to the first two weeks in July (the Labour Force Survey is conducted in the first two weeks of each month).
Even when you take seasonality into account the 0.4% rise in employment in original terms was still much stronger than the –1.0% decline reported by Payrolls.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugPayrolls.JPG" alt="">
'Gig' workers driving recovery in employment.
In the August Labour Force Survey the ABS provided a reconciliation on the difference between the two series highlighting that Weekly Payrolls measure 'employee jobs' for which a payment was reported to the Australian Taxation Office through Single Touch Payroll. This includes jobs held by employees and owner managers of incorporated enterprises (the latter of whom can be paid through the payroll of their business). However, owner managers of unincorporated enterprises are not covered by Weekly Payrolls. There is also lower coverage of small businesses (&lt;20 employees) in the Payrolls data compared to large and medium businesses. As such, any change to the employment status of owner managers of incorporated enterprises without employees is less likely to be reflected in Weekly Payrolls than that with employees.
In the Labour Force Survey employed are categorised according to their 'Status of Employment' reflecting the nature of the employer-employee relationship. The categories are:
<ul>
<li>Employee – someone who works for an employer;</li>
<li>Owner manager of an incorporated enterprise – self-employed who owns and operates their own incorporated business;</li>
<li>Owner manager of an unincorporated enterprise – self-employed operating a business as a sole trader; or a,</li>
<li>Contributing family worker.</li>
</ul>
Owner managers (ie. self-employed) may or may not have employees.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugStatus.JPG" alt="">
In original terms, the Labour Force Survey reported a 44.5k/0.4% increase in employment in August. In the release the ABS noted that the increase in original employment was due to a 50.2k increase in owner managers (self-employed mostly unincorporated sole traders) without employees. This is likely to be dominated by 'gig workers' which can be defined by anyone who is engaged as a contractor rather than an employee. This includes far more people than just those who work as the large aggregation platforms such as Uber, GoCatch, Deliveroo, Airtasker, Freelacer etc. In contrast, there was a small 2.6k lift in the number of employees which was more than offset by a –9.3k decrease in the number of contributing family workers.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugGIG.JPG" alt="">
Excluding 'gig workers' employment was still stronger than the Payrolls measure of jobs.
If we exclude the 50.2k rise in self-employed, total employment would have fallen –5.7k which is closer to, but still stronger than, the –1.0% fall in Payrolls. Unfortunately, the data underpinning this analysis won’t be released until Thursday so we can only note the ABS comments at this stage and add that to the data we do have.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFpayemp.JPG" alt="">
Seasonality matters in August with employees contracting an average of -66.5k in last five years.
From the Labour Force Survey we know that August is a soft month for employment with the ABS seasonal factor falling -0.5% in the month. What we did not realise is that that seasonality is different for employees and owners/self-employed. On average through the last five years the number of employees fell -66.5k in August while the number of self-employed lifted 24.1k. That is to say it was not the strength of owners/self-employed that was surprising in the August survey but rather the lack of weakness in employees (+2.6k in the month compared to the average of -66.5k).
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugseason.JPG" alt="">
We can't exactly replicate the ABS season adjustment process but using eX12 we estimate that seasonally adjusted employees gained 78.8k in the month while the self-employed lifted 18.7k. The real story in August was not the surprising strength in the self-employed, at least half of which was a seasonal norm, but rather the lack of weakness in employees which would have significantly boosted the overall seasonally adjusted total.
Shutdown in Vic hit that state but the NSW recovery continued on regardless.
The shutdown in Victoria did hit the labour market in that state with employment falling –42.4k and unemployment lifting 0.3pt to 7.1%. Victorian employment is now just 9.5k/0.3% higher than the May low post the first round of shutdowns. The recovery in Victoria peaked at +51.9k/+1.6% from May to July.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugStateEmp.JPG" alt="">
The recent Weekly Payrolls data suggested the NSW recovery was running out of steam through July and into August but this did not show up in the Labour Force Survey. In August, NSW employment lifted 51.5k following on from a 56.2k gain in July and +80.3k in June. In the month, the unemployment rate fell 0.5ppt to 6.7%. The NSW labour market continued to power on in August even if the Victorian lockdown was clouding the economic environment.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugStateUnemp.JPG" alt="">
The smaller states continue a robust recovery.
Elsewhere, employment rose 18k in Qld, 32.2k in WA and 18k in SA. It was a similar story for unemployment where it fell 1.3ppt in Qld and WA to 7.1% and 7.0% respectively while it was flat in SA at 7.9%. 
Hours worked lagging in NSW and Victoria but rebounding elsewhere.
Even with the August surge in employment (+111.0k/0.9%) hours worked lifted just 0.1% due to a –4.8% decrease in hours worked in Victoria (employment fell –1.3%) while the rest of the country recorded a 1.8% increase in hours worked. In the month, hours worked per person fell –0.8% driven mostly by a –2.3% fall in hours worked per part-time employee. Hours worked per full-time employee fell –0.2%. Nevertheless, in August the overall weakness was less concentrated in hours worked than it was back in April as hours worked per person is still 2.9% higher than it was in April (we note that hours worked per person recovered a touch in May even though employment fell further). Hours worked per full-time employee is up 1.9% since April while hours worked per part-time employee is up 15.7% again highlighting that the hit from Covid, and recovery to date, has been concentrated more in part-time employment than full-time. 
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugEmpHrs.JPG" alt="">
As it did in April the July/August shutdown in Victoria had a larger impact on hours worked than it had on employment. Nevertheless, given the recovery in hours worked through June and July Victorian hours worked are still 0.5% higher than the May low, a touch better than the +0.3% gain for employment. In NSW hours worked lifted 0.7% which is softer than the 1.3% rise in employment. Victorian shutdown did create some uncertainty in NSW but it was expressed more as a reduction in hours worked than a reduction in employment.
For the smaller states hours worked per person continued to recover in August. Hours worked lifted 2.4% in Qld compared to a 0.7% gain in employment, hours lifted 1.8% in SA while employment lifted 1.6% and over in WA, a 2.4% lift in employment generated a 3.8% surge in hours worked. WA stands out with the strongest recovery so far with a 5.8% increase in employment and a 8.5% increase in hours worked from the shutdown lows.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugRecover.JPG" alt="">
The Victorian shutdown again hit participation while a recovery continued elsewhere.
The weakness in Victoria also led to a fall in participation in that state, from 64.5% to 63.9%, which muted the rise seen elsewhere. Nationally participation rose just 0.1ppt to 64.8% (despite the outsized gain in employment) with the labour force lifting 24.5k. This muted rise in the labour force resulted in a significant correction in the unemployment rate with it falling to 6.8% from 7.5%. Back in May the unemployment rate was 7.1%; it was 6.4% in April.
Despite the employment gains in Qld participation in this state fell -0.5% to 63.9% but this was more than offset by a 0.5% gain in NSW to 65.2%, a 1.0% gain in SA to 62.8% and a 0.6% gain in WA to 67.9%. We are looking for a bounce in participation in Victoria and Qld in September but it is more unclear what to expect from the other states.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugStatePart.JPG" alt="">
It is very interesting to note that participation in NSW and WA is almost back to the pre-Covid levels in March, down -0.10ppt om NSW and -0.06ppt in WA. In Victoria the participation rate is still -2.5ppt below its March level while in Qld it is still down -2.0ppt. The recovery in participation in NSW and WA suggest that the recovery has drawn workers back into the workforce and should we see any weakness in the labour markets in those state, there is the potential for correcting weakness in participation. Contrast that with Victoria and Qld where the economic weakness has held participation well below pre-Covid levels. As such, as these economies recover then participation is likely to pick-up preventing a more rapid fall in unemployment.
This suggests that there may be still sufficient flexibility in participation to buffer the unemployment rate from any significant change, both up and down, from moderate changes in level of employment. It will, however, depend on which states the weakness or strength appears. If the strength appears in NSW or WA, then there is less scope for participation to lift thus driving unemployment lower. On the other hand, if further weakness appears in Victoria or Qld then there is less scope for participation to correct lower and thus it is likely to drive unemployment higher.
Underemployment was flat in August.
The underemployment rate was flat a 11.2%, at two decimal places it was a 0.7ppt fall from 11.23% to 11.16%, so close to rounding down to 11.1%. From a record peak of 13.4% in April underemployment has eased back as the number of people working less hours than they normally do improved. In August almost 1,000k employees worked less than their usual hours for economic reasons with around 215k (or 22%) doing no work at all; over 760k worked some hours but fewer than usual. Following a 700k increase between March and April the number working zero hours for economic reasons fell by over 600k between April and July. However, in August the number working zero hours increased by almost 50k (+30%).
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/Sep_Oct_2020/LFAugUnder.JPG" alt="">
By state underemployment fell 0.9ppt in NSW to 9.8%, lifted 0.8% in Victoria to 13.8%, fell 1.3ppt in Qld to 9.3%, gained 0.4% in SA to 11.4% and fell 1.0% in WA to 9.6%. It is hardly surprising that underemployment rose in Victoria and that it is the state with the highest rate but it is interesting to note the strength in WA and that underemployment there is now lower than it is in NSW while Qld has the lowest rate for a mainland state.  
The flat print on underemployment is a further sign that while August may have been a robust month for employment and unemployment, it was not such a good month for economic activity with hours worked almost flat in the month with a solid rise in the number working zero hours for economic reasons and flat underemployment. If you are looking for signs of weakness it is not the rise of self-employed but rather the lift in those working zero hours for economic reasons.
The August survey confirms a more robust recovery in the labour market than many had expected.
This update has made it much more difficult for the RBA to hit its forecast peak in unemployment of 10% by end 2020. We estimate that to achieve that forecast rise in unemployment, employment would have to collapse between -400k to -500k by December; of course it will be dependent on the size of the fall in participation as employment contracts) This would be a very extreme situation and suggests an aggressive unwinding of support packages, such as JobKeeper, a massive rise in business closures and significant job shedding. The rise in the number working zero hours is a sign that things might not be a robust as a 6.8% unemployment rate suggest and we do note that that conditions and payments for JobKeeper have been modified from end September. However, the programme has been extended to March 2021 and we do expect to see further support should conditions deteriorate further, just as we have seen Victoria as conditions deteriorated there. We are not expecting the Government to go 'cold turkey' on JobKeeper and suddenly cut the programme.
Westpac is retaining our current forecast peak in unemployment this year of 7.8% in December which implies a loss of total employment of around 130k to 170k. Without a doubt, the recovery in the rest of the country has been more robust (so far) than we thought while the hit to the Victorian labour market was not as bad as expected. However, with the rolling off or adjustment of many of support packages (in particular JobKeeper) between now and the end of the year there is clear meaningful risk of a further decline in employment and a rise in unemployment.
JUSTIN SMIRK is ‎a senior economist for Westpac 
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Gig workers boosted employment in August: Justin Smirk

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Along with home delivery of groceries, pharmaceuticals and alcohol, demand for food delivery is booming.
Services such as Uber Eats and Deliveroo have become essential to cafes and restaurants that can now only sell takeaway food.
It is good news for the likes of Uber, whose stock price has risen since it announced a ten-fold increase in the number of restaurants signing themselves up to <a href="https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/uber-eats-growth-coronavirus-delivery-140101683" target="_blank">Uber Eats</a>.
But it’s a situation that has provoked serious questions. Not only about whether delivery services are safe, but <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/godforbid/the-covid-19-conundrum/12095750" target="_blank">whether it’s ethical to use them</a>.
Digital platforms like Uber Eats and Menulog are not, after all, ideal employers. In fact, they don’t regard themselves as employers at all, merely facilitators of work by “independent contractors”.
Food delivery drivers and riders often work for <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/nov/20/food-delivery-bike-couriers-in-australia-being-underpaid-by-up-to-322-a-week" target="_blank">less than the minimum wage</a>, and have no employee rights such as sick leave.
Now we are collectively relying on them to provide an essential service during social distancing, we need to ask what, as a society, we owe these workers in return.
<h2>Vulnerable to exploitation</h2>
We’re interested in how this economic crisis affects food delivery drivers and riders due to our research into the experience of migrant gig workers.
Our research has found migrants are already “socially distanced”, without deep networks of family or friends. They are vulnerable to exploitation and discrimination.
Most food delivery work is done by migrants, through third-party digital platforms like Uber Eats and Menulog. The platforms treat drivers and riders as independent contractors, not employees with the protections and rights of employees.
A 2019 survey <a href="https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/revealing-the-true-size-of-australias-gig-workforce/" target="_blank">commissioned by the Victorian government</a> suggested about 7% of the workforce used digital platforms to get gig work, the most common being Airtasker (35%), Uber (23%), Freelancer (12%), Uber Eats (11%) and Deliveroo (8%).
Previous research suggests <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-way-they-manipulate-people-is-really-saddening-study-shows-the-trade-offs-in-gig-work-79042" target="_blank">many choose gig work</a> simply because it is better than other forms of low-paid work.
Now food delivery workers face pressure from those displaced from such jobs in hospitality or retail. Complicating the situation is the lack of clarity about whether those on temporary work visas are <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/22/what-australias-189bn-coronavirus-economic-rescue-package-means-for-you" target="_blank">eligible for income support</a> announced for other workers.
Platforms don’t owe gig workers a minimum wage so can sign up as many “independent contractors” as they like. This improves the service for customers, and increases profit for the platform, but means individual deliverers make less money.
<h2>Increased health risks</h2>
Many delivery services are <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/coronavirus-australia-uber-eats-deliveroo-drive-thru_au_5e71a846c5b63c3b6486e11a" target="_blank">implementing contactless delivery</a> procedures. But the lack of defined employer responsibility in the platform economy means patchy attention to the extra physical and mental health risks gig workers now face.
Unions and others have urged delivery platforms <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-03-06/gig-economy-workers-uber-deliveroo-ola-coronavirus-outbreak/12022072" target="_blank">to provide protective equipment</a> such as gloves, face masks and sanitisers. Responses from platforms have been limited.
This was Uber Eats’ response on March 17, by its regional general manager for the Asia Pacific, <a href="https://www.uber.com/en-AU/newsroom/covid19aus/" target="_blank">Jodie Auster</a>:
Our plan to address challenges born by COVID-19 includes making A$5 million in funding available for independent restaurants across Australia and New Zealand. The multi-million dollar fund will allow restaurants to deploy promotions to attract customers and will help restaurants time promotions to suit their individual business needs.
What Auster didn’t mention was a plan to issue safety gear, though she did note the company had started a campaign “reminding Uber Eats users that they can request deliveries be left on their doorsteps”.
Not surprisingly, delivery workers are scared <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/drive/union-seeking-protections-for-delivery-drivers/12094366" target="_blank">they will catch the coronavirus</a>.
Uber says it will financially assist drivers and riders “diagnosed with COVID-19 or placed in quarantine by a public health authority” for a period of <a href="https://www.uber.com/en-AU/newsroom/covid19aus/" target="_blank">up to 14 days</a>.
But what if a worker with viral symptoms wants to self-isolate as a precaution? There’s no sick leave or workers compensation, and they risk “deactivation” if work isn’t accepted.
<h2>Legal protection</h2>
Social distancing measures mean the delivery economy and the health of the general population are now intimately linked.
To secure and safeguard this now essential service, it is time the law ensured gig workers have the same legal rights and protections as other employees.
We need the delivery drivers coming to our doors to be healthy. That health depends on their safety as well as <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/18/food-ordering-safe-ethical-coronavirus-with-seamless-uber-eats-should-i-get-takeaway" target="_blank">economic and social inclusion</a>.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/134406/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tyler-riordan-1002045" target="_blank">Tyler Riordan</a>, PhD Candidate, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-queensland-805" target="_blank">The University of Queensland</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gerhard-hoffstaedter-9125" target="_blank">Gerhard Hoffstaedter</a>, Associate professor, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-queensland-805" target="_blank">The University of Queensland</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-robinson-958290" target="_blank">Richard Robinson</a>, Research Fellow/Hospitality Management, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-queensland-805" target="_blank">The University of Queensland</a>
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/delivery-workers-are-now-essential-they-deserve-the-rights-of-other-employees-134406" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Delivery workers are now essential, they deserve the same rights

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EXPERT OBSERVER
Gig platforms don’t have a large share of the labour market yet.
A common narrative nowadays is that standard, secure full-time work is a thing of the past thanks to increasing casual jobs, labour hire, temping and non-standard work contracts that side-step collective bargaining. The ACTU says insecure work has grown to “<a href="https://www.actu.org.au/media/349417/lives_on_hold.pdf" target="_blank">crisis levels</a>”. A <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Education_and_Employment/AvoidanceofFairWork" target="_blank">Senate inquiry rehashed</a> the same themes last year. Much of the academic literature is also <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10301763.2018.1427424?journalCode=rlab20" target="_blank">toeing this line</a>.
Yet there is very little evidence that jobs are any less secure than they were decades ago. This is not to deny that some people are leading very precarious lives. <a href="https://www.canberratimes.com.au/politics/federal/company-fined-record-660000-for-paying-refugee-worker-as-little-as-350-an-hour-20170802-gxnrsf" target="_blank">Recent stories</a> of wage theft and exploitation, particularly among migrant workers, are truly disgraceful.
But, on the whole, Australian workers are not on some inexorable march toward an uncertain and perilous future of work.
It is true that the labour market has changed. The types of jobs we do and the industries we do them in are very different today than in the ’70s. There’s a <a href="https://theconversation.com/three-charts-on-how-part-time-work-is-growing-more-slowly-but-more-men-are-doing-it-79352" target="_blank">lot more part-time work</a>. There’s a lot <a href="https://theconversation.com/women-are-less-likely-to-be-replaced-by-robots-and-might-even-benefit-from-automation-96728" target="_blank">more women</a> in the workforce. The balance of industrial power has shifted in favour of employers.
These changes partly reflect the restructuring of the economy away from some industries (such as manufacturing) and toward those that offer more part-time and casual work (retail, food, accommodation services and the like). But it is also the result of decades of concerted industrial relations reform, along with sweeping changes in individual work preferences.
There is no widely accepted definition of precarious employment. After all, every job is precarious to some extent. Nevertheless there are some common proxies for this slippery concept.
The rise of casual employment was <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10301763.1998.10669175" target="_blank">an early favourite</a> and is still very relevant. More <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8462.12085" target="_blank">recent research</a> has broadened the scope to include job tenure and involuntary job-loss rates. <a href="https://theconversation.com/workers-are-actually-feeling-less-insecure-in-their-jobs-81836" target="_blank">Others</a> emphasise workers’ own perceptions of job security. There has also been interest in the rate of <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1475-4932.12337" target="_blank">self-employment</a>, the number of <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://ideas.repec.org/a/fli/journl/35019" target="_blank">multiple job holders</a> and the share of workers handled by <a href="https://www.pc.gov.au/research/supporting/labour-hire" target="_blank">labour hire firms</a>.
Four of these measures cut to the heart of precarity:
<ol>
<li>
casual employment is a measure of precarious contracts
</li>
<li>
job churn reveals the extent to which employers are hiring and firing with impunity
</li>
<li>
self-employment captures all of the gig economy workers who are supposedly flooding the labour market
</li>
<li>
multiple job holders could be so precariously attached to the labour market that they’re unable to make ends meet with a single job.
</li>
</ol>
On their own, each of these measures is a good but imperfect proxy for precarity. Taken together, however, they largely speak with one compelling voice.
Casualisation
The logic of the casual job is to give employers the flexibility to dial their staffing levels up and down as demand fluctuates. Casual workers don’t get annual and sick leave, and generally aren’t protected against dismissal.
Basically, a casual contract lets an employer hire and fire with impunity.
That sounds pretty precarious. You would expect that a labour market of increasing precarity would exhibit a strong trend toward casualisation. In fact, what we have had is strong growth in casual employment during the last two decades of the 20th century and then nothing.
<iframe src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/UEcUf/1/" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="400"></iframe>
Now there is no doubt that casual work is usually lower-quality work. On the whole, casual workers <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0018726716686666" target="_blank">get paid less, chase more hours</a> and are a little <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1718/CasualEmployeesAustralia" target="_blank">less satisfied</a> than their permanently employed peers.
But that is not evidence that casual employment is becoming ubiquitous.
Churn
If employers really were hiring and firing with abandon we should see more people staying in jobs for briefer periods. But we’re not.
In fact, as we can see in the chart below, there has not been a huge spike in workers forced out of their jobs involuntarily. And the proportion that have been in their jobs for 12 months is also staying on trend.
<iframe src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/QysPX/1/" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="400"></iframe>
<iframe src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Bni1x/1/" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="400"></iframe>
Self-employment
This category should be the smoking gun of a more precarious workforce. It captures anyone who works for themselves, whether in a formally constituted company or not. I have deliberately excluded in this measure those who employ others, so we’re really looking at the cohort of people who work for themselves and by themselves on commercial contract terms.
Self-employment captures all non-employees, such as Uber drivers and Foodora riders, as well as those who were “pushed out” of employment and onto contract.
And yet, as you can see in the following chart, these people are getting harder to find:
<iframe src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/yt2iA/2/" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="400"></iframe>
The downward trend may seem surprising given one supposed key driver of precarity is the digitalised “gig economy”. <a href="https://http-download.intuit.com/http.intuit/CMO/intuit/futureofsmallbusiness/intuit_2020_report.pdf" target="_blank">One projection</a> was that 40% of the US workforce would be freelancers, contractors or temporary workers by 2020.
But the reality is that, for all their visibility and controversy, gig economy platforms are not yet commanding a significant share of the labour market.
Multiple job holders
That a higher share of workers are holding down multiple jobs fits with the notion that the economy is becoming “gigified”, with workers increasingly forced to move from job to job to make ends meet.
Yet the data provide little evidence that this is a material shift in the structure of the labour market.
In 1997, the <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/6216.0Aug%201997?OpenDocument" target="_blank">ABS found</a> the proportion of employed persons holding multiple jobs increased from 3.7% in August 1987 to 5.2% a decade later. While the ABS has not published a long-term series since this report, it provided me a custom dataset that shows the current rate is not much higher, at about 5.5%.
The <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/6150.0.55.001July%202017?OpenDocument" target="_blank">ABS introduced</a> a similar but not identical measure last year – the proportion of jobs in the economy that are “secondary jobs”. This remained stable between 2010-11 and 2015-16, at around 5.6%.
The takeaway
When I started researching the rise of the gig economy and the future of work I was sure that Australia’s labour market was taking a precarious turn. After all, Uber drivers, Deliveroo riders and Airtaskers seem to be everywhere.
But the weight of evidence clearly suggests that, while the last two decades of the 20th century produced a significant rise in non-standard work, the first two decades of the 21st have seen remarkably little change.
There is much to dislike about the quality and quantity of jobs the economy is delivering. But to make this a conversation about precarity is to chase a red herring.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/99739/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">This fruitless pursuit is simply distracting researchers and policymakers from far more pressing questions – like how to create a globally competitive workforce fit for the 21st century.
Robert Sobyra is a PhD Candidate at The University of Queensland
This article was originally published on The Conversation.
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